TED2011
Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice
罗杰·埃伯特：重塑我声
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影评人罗杰·埃伯特由于癌症失去了下颚，因此失去了说话和进食的能力。但他仍然可以用他特殊的方式表达自己的观点。这个感人的视频出自TED2011，埃伯特和他的夫人查兹，以及他的朋友迪恩·奥尼什和约翰·亨特，共同讲述了埃伯特不寻常的故事。
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Roger Ebert: These are my words, but this is not my voice.
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这些是我在说话，但却不是我的声音
00:18
This is Alex, the best computer voice
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这是艾力克斯，它是目前
00:20
I've been able to find,
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我能找到的最好的电脑声音
00:22
which comes as standard equipment on every Macintosh.
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每一台苹果电脑中都有这个功能
00:25
For most of my life,
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在我一生大部分时间中
00:27
I never gave a second thought to my ability to speak.
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我从来没担心过我说话的能力
00:30
It was like breathing.
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就好象呼吸一样
00:32
In those days, I was living in a fool's paradise.
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以前那些日子，我就像生活在一个虚幻的乐境之中
00:35
After surgeries for cancer
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当癌症手术
00:37
took away my ability to speak, eat or drink,
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让我丧失了语言，进食的能力之后，
00:40
I was forced to enter this virtual world
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我不得不被迫进入这个虚拟的世界
00:42
in which a computer does some of my living for me.
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电脑成了我生活的一部分
00:45
For several days now,
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经过一段时间之后
00:47
we have enjoyed brilliant and articulate speakers here at TED.
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我们可以在TED上享用这个出色的，发音清晰的发声器了
00:50
I used to be able to talk like that.
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我以前也可以像这样说话
00:52
Maybe I wasn't as smart,
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也许我以前没它那么聪明，
00:54
but I was at least as talkative.
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但至少我还是很健谈的。
00:56
I want to devote my talk today
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今天的演讲我想专注在
00:58
to the act of speaking itself,
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说话这个行为本身
01:00
and how the act of speaking or not speaking
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以及说话或者不说话的这个行为
01:02
is tied so indelibly to one's identity
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是如何与人们的个性持久联系在一起的
01:04
as to force the birth of a new person
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当这些能力被夺走
01:06
when it is taken away.
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需要重新塑造一个新人的时候
01:08
However, I've found that listening to a computer voice
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然而，我也发现持续听电脑的声音
01:10
for any great length of time
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很长一段时间的话
01:12
can be monotonous.
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会变得很无聊
01:14
So I've decided to recruit some of my TED friends
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所以，我决定找来一些我在TED的朋友
01:17
to read my words aloud for me.
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来帮我读出我想要说的话
01:19
I will start with my wife, Chaz.
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我想从我的夫人查兹开始
01:25
Chaz Ebert: It was Chaz who stood by my side
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查兹·埃伯特： "那时查兹陪着我
01:27
through three attempts to reconstruct my jaw
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经历了三次修复下颚的尝试
01:31
and restore my ability to speak.
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以及恢复讲话能力的过程
01:34
Going into the first surgery
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第一次手术
01:36
for a recurrence of salivary cancer
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是因为涎腺癌复发
01:38
in 2006,
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那是2006年，
01:40
I expected to be out of the hospital
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我希望可以及时出院
01:43
in time to return to my movie review show,
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从而回到我所主持的电影评论节目
01:45
'Ebert and Roeper at the Movies.'
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'Ebert and Roper at the Movies.'中
01:48
I had pre-taped enough shows
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我已经提前录好了足够的节目
01:50
to get me through six weeks of surgery
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来让我度过这6周的手术期
01:53
and recuperation.
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以及恢复期。
01:55
The doctors took a fibula bone from my leg
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医生从我的腿上取出一块腓骨
01:58
and some tissue from my shoulder
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并且从我的肩部取出一部分细胞组织
02:00
to fashion into a new jaw.
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来塑造一个新的下颚
02:04
My tongue, larynx and vocal cords
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我的舌头，喉以及声带
02:07
were still healthy and unaffected.
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依然良好并没有受到影响”
02:09
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:12
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:23
CE: I was optimistic,
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"我那时很乐观
02:25
and all was right with the world.
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一切都向好的方面发展
02:27
The first surgery was a great success.
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第一次手术很成功
02:30
I saw myself in the mirror
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我看着镜子中的自己
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and I looked pretty good.
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看起来非常好
02:35
Two weeks later, I was ready to return home.
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两个星期过去了，我准备要回家了
02:38
I was using my iPod
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出院之前，我用我的iPod
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to play the Leonard Cohen song
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放了一首莱昂纳德·科恩的歌
02:42
'I'm Your Man'
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'I'm Your Man'
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for my doctors and nurses.
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献给我的医生和护士们
02:47
Suddenly, I had an episode of catastrophic bleeding.
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就在那时，不幸的事情发生了
02:51
My carotid artery had ruptured.
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我的颈动脉破裂了
02:54
Thank God I was still in my hospital room
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感谢上帝，我当时还在医院的病房里
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and my doctors were right there.
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并且医生们就在我身边
03:01
Chaz told me
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查兹告诉我
03:03
that if that song hadn't played for so long,
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如果那首歌再短一些的话
03:05
I might have already been in the car, on the way home,
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我也许已经上车，在回家的路上了
03:08
and would have died right there and then.
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可能就会有生命危险
03:11
So thank you, Leonard Cohen,
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所以，多谢了，莱昂纳德·科恩
03:13
for saving my life.
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多谢救了我一命”
03:16
(Applause)
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（掌声）
03:20
There was a second surgery --
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“第二次手术 --
03:22
which held up for five or six days
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大约坚持了5到6天
03:24
and then it also fell apart.
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然后颈动脉又再次破裂了
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And then a third attempt,
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之后就是第三次尝试
03:29
which also patched me back together pretty well,
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这次手术仍然十分成功
03:32
until it failed.
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直到再次破裂
03:36
A doctor from Brazil said
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一位来自巴西的医生说
03:38
he had never seen anyone survive
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他从来没见过有哪个人
03:41
a carotid artery rupture.
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在颈动脉破裂的情况下还能活下来
03:44
And before I left the hospital,
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在我出院之前
03:47
after a year of being hospitalized,
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我住了一年的院
03:50
I had seven ruptures
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这期间我经历了7次
03:52
of my carotid artery.
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颈动脉破裂
03:54
There was no particular day
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没有人在某一天
03:56
when anyone told me
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来告诉我
03:58
I would never speak again;
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我将不能再说话了
04:00
it just sort of became obvious.
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因为那根本就是很明显的事情
04:03
Human speech
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人类的语言功能
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is an ingenious manipulation of our breath
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是我们对于气息的一种巧妙控制
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within the sound chamber of our mouth
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这种功能发生在类似声学实验室的口腔
04:11
and respiratory system.
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和呼吸系统中
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We need to be able to hold and manipulate that breath
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我们需要有控制和掌握气息的能力
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in order to form sounds.
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从而形成声音
04:20
Therefore, the system
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因此，这个系统
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must be essentially airtight
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理论上说必须是密闭的
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in order to capture air.
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从而才能获取空气
04:28
Because I had lost my jaw,
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因为我已经失去了下颚
04:30
I could no longer form a seal,
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所以我已经无法达到密封的要求
04:32
and therefore my tongue
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因此我的舌头
04:34
and all of my other vocal equipment
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和所有其他的发声器官
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was rendered powerless.
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就相应的失去了作用"
04:41
Dean Ornish: At first for a long time,
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迪恩·奥尼什："起初的很长一段时间
04:43
I wrote messages in notebooks.
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我在本上写出我的想法
04:45
Then I tried typing words on my laptop
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然后我尝试着在电脑上打出我想要说的话
04:47
and using its built in voice.
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然后利用电脑自带的发生器发生
04:49
This was faster,
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这个方法更加快捷
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and nobody had to try to read my handwriting.
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对方也用必须读出我所写的东西
04:53
I tried out various computer voices that were available online,
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我在网上尝试了很多种现有的电脑声音
04:56
and for several months I had a British accent,
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几个月后，我有了一个英国口音
04:58
which Chaz called Sir Lawrence."
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查兹称他为劳伦斯爵士"
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(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:02
"It was the clearest I could find.
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”那是我当时能找到的最清晰的声音
05:04
Then Apple released the Alex voice,
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然后苹果公司发布了 Alex vioce
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which was the best I'd heard.
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它是我听过的最棒的
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It knew things like the difference
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它懂得很多，比如
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between an exclamation point and a question mark.
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惊叹号和问号之间的区别
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When it saw a period, it knew how to make a sentence
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当它看见以句号结尾的时候，它会懂得如何创造出一个
05:14
sound like it was ending instead of staying up in the air.
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听起来像结束口吻的句子而不是那种似乎悬而未决的语气
05:18
There are all sorts of html codes you can use
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它有各种各样的HTML代码供你使用
05:20
to control the timing and inflection of computer voices,
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来控制电脑声音的时间以及调整语调
05:23
and I've experimented with them.
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我已经试验过了
05:25
For me, they share a fundamental problem: they're too slow.
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对于我来说，有一个基本的问题：它们太慢了
05:28
When I find myself in a conversational situation,
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当我处在一种很健谈情况下的时候
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I need to type fast and to jump right in.
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我必须快速的打字，来准确度的表达自己
05:35
People don't have the time or the patience
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可是大家不会有时间和耐心来
05:37
to wait for me to fool around with the codes
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等着我鼓弄那些代码
05:39
for every word or phrase.
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为了每一个单词或每一个短语
05:41
But what value do we place on the sound of our own voice?
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但是什么东西被附加到了我们自己的声音中呢？
05:44
How does that affect who you are as a person?
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那些附加的东西是如何把你塑造成你自己而不是一个机器的？
05:47
When people hear Alex speaking my words,
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当人们听到Alex说着我想说的话的时候
05:49
do they experience a disconnect?
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大家会不会觉得有种分离的感觉？
05:51
Does that create a separation or a distance
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这种方式是不是在人和人的交流之间
05:53
from one person to the next?
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造成了一种分离感或者距离感？
05:56
How did I feel not being able to speak?
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当我不能说话的时候是一种什么感觉？
05:58
I felt, and I still feel,
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我感受过，并且现在依然可以感觉的到
06:00
a lot of distance from the human mainstream.
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那种与人类主流之间遥远的距离感
06:02
I've become uncomfortable when I'm separated from my laptop.
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当我离开我的电脑的时候，我会觉得非常不自在
06:06
Even then, I'm aware that most people have little patience
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尽管那样，我还是感觉到大多数的人
06:08
for my speaking difficulties.
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对我的语言障碍缺少耐心
06:11
So Chaz suggested finding a company that could make a customized voice
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因此查兹建议去找个公司
06:14
using my TV show voice
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以我30年来所主持的节目为素材
06:16
from a period of 30 years.
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为我创造一个个性化的声音
06:18
At first I was against it.
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一开始我对此持反对意见
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I thought it would be creepy
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因为我觉得如果我听见电脑发出我自己的声音
06:22
to hear my own voice coming from a computer.
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这会让我感到毛骨悚然
06:24
There was something comforting about a voice that was not my own.
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如果声音不是我自己的就会觉得还好
06:27
But I decided then to just give it a try.
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但是后来我还是决定试一试
06:29
So we contacted a company in Scotland
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于是我就联系了一家苏格兰的公司
06:31
that created personalized computer voices.
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他们发明了很多个性化的电脑声音
06:34
They'd never made one from previously-recorded materials.
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他们制造一个新的声音从来不是根据之前的所拥有的素材
06:37
All of their voices had been made by a speaker
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所有他们创造的声音都对应出自一个真实的声音
06:39
recording original words in a control booth.
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通过控制台收录原始的词语
06:41
But they were willing to give it a try.
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但是他们愿意试试看
06:43
So I sent them many hours of recordings of my voice,
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于是我发给了他们很多收录了我声音的资料
06:46
including several audio commentary tracks
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其中包括了一些
06:48
that I'd made for movies on DVDs.
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我为很多电影DVD做的评论音轨
06:51
And it sounded like me, it really did.
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那些听起来很像我，真的确实很像
06:53
There was a reason for that; it was me.
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那是有原因的; 因为那就是以前的我
06:56
But it wasn't that simple.
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但是事情并没那么简单
06:58
The tapes from my TV show weren't very useful
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那些录自我电视节目的带子并不是特别有用
07:01
because there were too many other kinds of audio involved --
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因为其中掺杂了太多的别的杂音
07:04
movie soundtracks, for example, or Gene Siskel arguing with me --
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例如电影音轨，或者是吉恩·西斯科尔和我争论的声音“
07:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:09
and my words often had a particular emphasis
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"并且我的话经常会出现一些特有的强调语气
07:11
that didn't fit into a sentence well enough.
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这些不能够特别好的融入到一句话中
07:14
I'll let you hear a sample of that voice.
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我来举个例子说明那种语气
07:16
These are a few of the comments I recorded for use
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这些是我和查兹之前去参加
07:19
when Chaz and I appeared on the Oprah Winfrey program.
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奥普拉·维弗瑞的节目时所录制的一些评论
07:22
And here's the voice we call Roger Jr.
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这就是被我称为小罗杰
07:24
or Roger 2.0.
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或罗杰2.0的声音”
07:27
Roger 2.0: Oprah, I can't tell you how great it is
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罗杰2.0：奥普拉，能回来参加你的节目
07:29
to be back on your show.
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简直是太棒了
07:32
We have been talking for a long time,
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我们以前聊过很长时间
07:35
and now here we are again.
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现在我们又回来了
07:37
This is the first version of my computer voice.
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这是第一个版本的电脑声音
07:40
It still needs improvement,
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它仍需改进
07:42
but at least it sounds like me
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但至少它听起来像我
07:44
and not like HAL 9000.
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而不是像HAL 9000
07:47
When I heard it the first time,
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当我第一次听见的时候
07:49
it sent chills down my spine.
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吓了我一跳
07:52
When I type anything,
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我输入什么
07:54
this voice will speak whatever I type.
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它就说出相应的话
07:56
When I read something, it will read in my voice.
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我读什么 他也能用我的声音读什么
07:59
I have typed these words in advance,
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我已经事先输入了这些字
08:02
as I didn't think it would be thrilling
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因为我觉得看着我在这里打字
08:04
to sit here watching me typing.
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不是什么让人兴奋的事情
08:06
The voice was created by a company in Scotland
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这个声音是一个苏格兰的公司开发的
08:09
named CereProc.
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名字叫CereProc
08:11
It makes me feel good
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它让我觉得很不错
08:13
that many of the words you are hearing were first spoken
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你现在听见这些词很多都是第一次说
08:16
while I was commenting on "Casablanca"
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是我以前在评论 '卡萨布兰卡'
08:19
and "Citizen Kane."
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和 '公民凯恩' 这两部电影的时候所说的
08:22
This is the first voice they've created for an individual.
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这是他们第一次为个人专门开发声音
08:25
There are several very good voices available for computers,
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有一些非常棒的声音都适用于电脑
08:28
but they all sound like somebody else,
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但是它们听起来都不像我
08:31
while this voice sounds like me.
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除了这个声音
08:34
I plan to use it on television, radio
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我打算把这个声音用在电视，广播
08:37
and the Internet.
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和网络上
08:39
People who need a voice should know
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需要发声装置的人应该知道
08:42
that most computers already come with built-in speaking systems.
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大多数的电脑都已经内置了发声系统
08:45
Many blind people use them
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许多盲人用它们
08:47
to read pages on the Web to themselves.
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在网络上帮助他们阅读网页的内容
08:50
But I've got to say, in first grade,
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当时我必须要说 一开始的时候
08:52
they said I talked too much,
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他们说我说的太多了
08:54
and now I still can.
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但是现在我依然说的不少
08:56
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:59
Roger Ebert: As you can hear, it sounds like me,
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罗杰·埃伯特： 就像你们听到的，它听起来很像我
09:02
but the words jump up and down.
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但是语速时快时慢
09:04
The flow isn't natural.
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语速还不是那么自然
09:06
The good people in Scotland are still improving my voice,
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苏格兰的朋友们正在帮我改进
09:09
and I'm optimistic about it.
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我对此很乐观
09:11
But so far, the Apple Alex voice
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当时目前为止，苹果公司的Alex的声音
09:13
is the best one I've heard.
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是我听过的最好的
09:15
I wrote a blog about it
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我为此写了一篇博客
09:17
and actually got a comment from the actor who played Alex.
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事实上是从Alex的声音原型者那里得到了一些信息
09:20
He said he recorded many long hours in various intonations
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他说他花了很长时间在录制各种语调上面
09:23
to be used in the voice.
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从而可以被用在这个声音上
09:25
A very large sample is needed.
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大量的样本是必须的
09:28
John Hunter: All my life I was a motormouth.
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约翰·亨特：“在我人生的大部分时间中，我都是个很健谈的人
09:31
Now I have spoken my last words,
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可是现在我已经不能再说话
09:34
and I don't even remember for sure
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我甚至不能准确的记得我人生讲过的最后几句话
09:36
what they were.
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都说了些什么
09:38
I feel like the hero of that Harlan Ellison story
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我感觉就像哈兰·埃里森故事中的主人公
09:41
titled "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream."
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‘我没有嘴，却又渴望呐喊’
09:45
On Wednesday, David Christian explained to us
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周三的时候，大卫·克里斯蒂安向我们解释了
09:48
what a tiny instant the human race represents
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人类历史的在整个宇宙的历史长河中
09:51
in the time-span of the universe.
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是多么的渺小
09:53
For almost all of its millions and billions of years,
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在宇宙数百万，数十亿年历史的大部分时间中
09:56
there was no life on Earth at all.
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地球上根本就没有生命
09:59
For almost all the years of life on Earth,
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在地球上有生命出现的历史上
10:02
there was no intelligent life.
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大部分是时间是不存在高等生物的
10:04
Only after we learned to pass knowledge
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只是当我们学会一代代去
10:06
from one generation to the next,
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传承文化之后
10:08
did civilization become possible.
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人类文明的形成才变得可能
10:10
In cosmological terms,
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用宇宙学的说法
10:12
that was about 10 minutes ago.
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那是大约10分钟之前
10:15
Finally came mankind's most advanced and mysterious tool,
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最终人类最先进最神秘的工具到来了
10:19
the computer.
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它就是电脑
10:21
That has mostly happened in my lifetime.
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这些大部分都在我的一生中发生过
10:24
Some of the famous early computers
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一些早期很有名的电脑
10:26
were being built in my hometown of Urbana,
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在我的家乡，也就是HAL 9000的诞生地厄巴纳
10:29
the birthplace of HAL 9000.
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被开发出来
10:32
When I heard the amazing talk
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当我周三听到萨尔曼·汗做的
10:34
by Salman Khan on Wednesday,
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这个不可思议的演讲时
10:36
about the Khan Academy website
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其中提到关于 Khan 学术网站
10:38
that teaches hundreds of subjects to students all over the world,
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这个网站为全球的学生提供了很多科目的课程的时候
10:41
I had a flashback.
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我想到了一些往事
10:43
It was about 1960.
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那是在1960年的时候
10:46
As a local newspaper reporter still in high school,
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那时的我还是一名高中生，兼职一个当地报社的记者
10:49
I was sent over to the computer lab of the University of Illinois
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我被派去到伊利诺伊大学计算机实验室
10:52
to interview the creators
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去采访
10:54
of something called PLATO.
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名为PLATO电脑的发明者
10:56
The initials stood for Programmed Logic
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PLATO是自动指导操作程序设计逻辑
10:58
for Automated Teaching Operations.
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的简称
11:02
This was a computer-assisted instruction system,
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这是一个计算机辅助教学系统
11:05
which in those days ran on a computer named ILLIAC.
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用在当时名为ILLIAC的计算机上
11:08
The programmers said it could assist students in their learning.
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程序员说，这个系统可以帮助学生学习
11:12
I doubt, on that day 50 years ago,
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我怀疑 50年前的那个时候
11:15
they even dreamed of what Salman Khan has accomplished.
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他们甚至已经梦想过现在萨尔曼·汗已经完成的工作
11:19
But that's not the point.
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但那不是重点
11:21
The point is PLATO was only 50 years ago,
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重点是PLATO仅仅是50年前的事情
11:24
an instant in time.
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是很短的一段时间
11:26
It continued to evolve and operated in one form or another
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他以各种形式不断改进，运转着
11:29
on more and more sophisticated computers,
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在越来越多的高端电脑上
11:32
until only five years ago.
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直到5年之前才停止
11:34
I have learned from Wikipedia
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我从维基百科了解到
11:36
that, starting with that humble beginning,
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开始的时候很简陋
11:39
PLATO established forums, message boards,
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PLATO开发了论坛，留言板
11:42
online testing,
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在线测试
11:44
email, chat rooms,
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电邮，聊天室
11:46
picture languages, instant messaging,
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图像语言，即时通信
11:49
remote screen sharing
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远距离屏幕共享
11:51
and multiple-player games.
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和多人游戏
11:54
Since the first Web browser was also developed in Urbana,
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第一个网络浏览器同样在Urbana研发
11:57
it appears that my hometown
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它出现在
11:59
in downstate Illinois
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我伊利诺伊的家乡
12:01
was the birthplace
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那里是
12:03
of much of the virtual, online universe we occupy today.
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我们现在用很多虚拟网络的发源地
12:06
But I'm not here from the Chamber of Commerce.
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当然我可不是他们商会派来这里的
12:08
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
12:10
I'm here as a man who wants to communicate.
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我作为一个渴望交流沟通的人来到这里
12:13
All of this has happened in my lifetime.
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所有的这一切变革我都经历过
12:16
I started writing on a computer back in the 1970s
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我开始用电脑写作要追溯的1970年
12:19
when one of the first Atech systems was installed
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当第一个Atech系统安装在
12:22
at the Chicago Sun-Times.
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芝加哥太阳时报的时候
12:25
I was in line at Radio Shack
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我正在Radio Shack
12:27
to buy one of the first Model 100's.
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买最早的100's型号
12:30
And when I told the people in the press room at the Academy Awards
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当我告诉在奥斯卡的记者室告诉其他人
12:33
that they'd better install some phone lines for Internet connections,
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他们最好用电话线去安装一个互联网的时候
12:36
they didn't know what I was talking about.
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他们根本不知道我在说什么
12:39
When I bought my first desktop,
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那时我买了自己的第一个台式电脑
12:41
it was a DEC Rainbow.
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那是DEC公司的Rainbow
12:43
Does anybody remember that?"
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还有谁记得吗？
12:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
12:48
"The Sun Times sent me to the Cannes Film Festival
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”太阳时报派我去报道嘎纳电影节
12:50
with a portable computer the size of a suitcase
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我带着一个手提箱大小的便携式电脑
12:54
named the Porteram Telebubble.
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它叫做 Porteram Telebubble
12:56
I joined CompuServe
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我加入了Compuserve 公司
12:58
when it had fewer numbers
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那时它的会员人数
13:00
than I currently have followers on Twitter.
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还不如我现在Twitter上的粉丝多“
13:02
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:06
CE: All of this has happened
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CE:"所发生的这一切
13:08
in the blink of an eye.
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都是在转眼之间
13:10
It is unimaginable
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真是很难想象
13:12
what will happen next.
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以后还会发生什么
13:14
It makes me incredibly fortunate
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能生活在历史长河中的现在这个时代
13:17
to live at this moment in history.
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让我觉得十分幸运
13:19
Indeed, I am lucky to live in history at all,
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的确，能生活在这样的历史之中真的非常幸运
13:22
because without intelligence and memory
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因为如果没有智慧和传承
13:25
there is no history.
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就没有历史
13:27
For billions of years,
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在数十亿年的时间里
13:29
the universe evolved
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宇宙在不知不觉中
13:31
completely without notice.
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不断进化演变
13:33
Now we live in the age of the Internet,
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现在我们生活在互联网的时代
13:36
which seems to be creating a form of global consciousness.
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它创造了一个全球化意识形态
13:39
And because of it,
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正因如此
13:41
I can communicate
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我才能还像从前一样
13:43
as well as I ever could.
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和大家交流
13:45
We are born into a box
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我们每个人都像在一个
13:47
of time and space.
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时间和空间的容器中
13:50
We use words and communication
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我们运用语言和交流
13:52
to break out of it
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去打破它的禁锢
13:54
and to reach out to others.
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并且去接触到其他的个体
13:57
For me, the Internet began
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对我来说，网络开始的时候
13:59
as a useful tool
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就像一个有用的工具
14:01
and now has become something I rely on
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现在它已经变成一个我需要依赖的
14:04
for my actual daily existence.
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真实的一种生活方式
14:07
I cannot speak;
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我无法说话
14:09
I can only type so fast.
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我只能快速的打字
14:12
Computer voices
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电脑的声音
14:14
are sometimes not very sophisticated,
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有时并不是那么精密
14:17
but with my computer,
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但是在电脑的帮助下
14:19
I can communicate more widely
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我可以更广泛的交流
14:21
than ever before.
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这是从前任何时候所没有的
14:23
I feel as if my blog,
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我感觉它就像我的博客
14:26
my email, Twitter and Facebook
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我的电邮，Twitter和Facebook
14:29
have given me a substitute
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已经取代了
14:31
for everyday conversation.
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我的一些日常交流方式
14:34
They aren't an improvement,
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它们并不是一种进步
14:36
but they're the best I can do.
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但是他们是我所能做到的最好
14:38
They give me a way to speak.
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他们重新赋予了我说话的能力
14:41
Not everybody has the patience
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在现实世界中，不是所有的人
14:44
of my wife, Chaz.
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都像我夫人查兹那样有耐心
14:48
But online,
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但是 在网络世界中
14:49
everybody speaks at the same speed.
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每个人都用同样的速度交谈
14:54
This whole adventure
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这一整个艰难的过程
14:56
has been a learning experience.
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已经变成了一段学习的经历
14:58
Every time there was a surgery that failed,
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每经历一次手术然后失败
15:01
I was left with a little less flesh and bone.
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我的身体就会承受一次痛苦
15:04
Now I have no jaw left at all.
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直到现在，我已经失去了我的整个下颚
15:07
While harvesting tissue from both my shoulders,
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和肩部的一些细胞组织
15:10
the surgeries left me with back pain
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手术给我留下了背痛的后遗症
15:12
and reduced my ability to walk easily.
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并且也让我失去了自如行走的能力
15:16
Ironic that my legs are fine,
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虽然我的双腿依然是完好的
15:18
and it's my shoulders that slow up my walk.
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我的肩部导致了我走路的缓慢
15:21
When you see me today,
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大家今天看到的我
15:23
I look like the Phantom of the Opera.
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就像电影歌剧魅影中的主人公“
15:25
But no you don't.
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不！你不是的！
15:27
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
15:29
(Applause)
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（掌声）
15:39
It is human nature to look at someone like me
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当人们看到像我这样的人的时候
15:42
and assume I have lost some of my marbles.
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都会觉得我肯定头脑不正常，这是人之常情
15:46
People --
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人们--“
15:57
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:03
People talk loudly --
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”人们大声说--“
16:05
I'm so sorry.
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对不起
16:07
Excuse me.
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不好意思
16:09
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:13
People talk loudly and slowly to me.
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”人们大声并且慢慢的对我说话
16:17
Sometimes they assume I am deaf.
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有些时候他们觉得我是个聋子
16:20
There are people who don't want to make eye contact.
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还有些人不想与我进行目光的交流“
16:24
Believe me, he didn't mean this as --
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相信我，这不是他的本意
16:26
anyway, let me just read it.
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好吧，不管怎样，我继续读下去
16:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:33
You should never let your wife read something like this.
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你真不应该让你的夫人读这个
16:36
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
16:40
It is human nature
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因为疾病而被疏远
16:42
to look away from illness.
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这是人之常情的事情
16:45
We don't enjoy a reminder
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我们会很伤感于
16:47
of our own fragile mortality.
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生命的脆弱
16:50
That's why writing on the Internet
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这就是为什么在网络上写作
16:52
has become a lifesaver for me.
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就像给予了我第二次生命
16:54
My ability to think and write
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因为我的写作和思考的能力
16:57
have not been affected.
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并没有收到影响
16:59
And on the Web, my real voice finds expression.
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所以在网络上，我真实的声音可以得以表达
17:02
I have also met many other disabled people
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我也见过许多
17:05
who communicate this way.
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像我这样进行交流的残疾人
17:08
One of my Twitter friends
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我在Twitter上的一位朋友
17:10
can type only with his toes.
387
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只能用脚趾打字
17:12
One of the funniest blogs on the Web
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网络上一个非常有趣的博客
17:14
is written by a friend of mine
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是出自我的一位朋友
17:16
named Smartass Cripple.
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他叫Smartass Cripple”
17:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
17:20
Google him and he will make you laugh.
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”Google一下，你会觉得非常有趣
17:23
All of these people are saying, in one way or another,
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所有的这些朋友，都在用这样或者那样的方式进行交流
17:25
that what you see
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你所得到的要远远多于
17:27
is not all you get.
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你所看到的
17:29
So I have not come here to complain.
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因此我来这里并没有抱怨
17:32
I have much to make me happy and relieved.
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我尽力让自己感到愉快和宽慰
17:35
I seem, for the time being,
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我看起来，至少现在看起来
17:37
to be cancer-free.
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还没有患上癌症
17:39
I am writing as well as ever.
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我还能像以前那样写作
17:41
I am productive.
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我是个多产的作家
17:43
If I were in this condition at any point
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如果我一直保持在像
17:46
before a few cosmological instants ago,
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以前那样的状态
17:49
I would be as isolated as a hermit.
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我将会向隐士那样孤僻自己
17:52
I would be trapped inside my head.
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我将会把自己束缚在自己的世界里
17:54
Because of the rush of human knowledge,
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但是因为有了人类文明的飞速发展
17:57
because of the digital revolution,
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因为有了数字化革命
17:59
I have a voice,
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我现在又拥有了声音
18:01
and I do not need to scream.
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我也不必叫喊了
18:05
RE: Wait. I have one more thing to add.
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RE:等一下 我还有件事要说
18:10
A guy goes into a psychiatrist.
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有个人去看精神病医生
18:12
The psychiatrist says, "You're crazy."
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医生说：”你简直疯了“
18:15
The guy says, "I want a second opinion."
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那个家伙说，”我还想听听你的第二个想法“
18:18
The psychiatrist says, "All right, you're ugly."
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医生又说：”好吧，你只是很难看而已“
18:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
18:25
You all know the test for artificial intelligence -- the Turing test.
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大家都知道人工智能测验--图灵测试
18:29
A human judge has a conversation
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一个人类的测试员
18:31
with a human and a computer.
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与一位人类被测试者和一个自认为有人工智能的电脑进行非面对面的交流
18:33
If the judge can't tell the machine apart from the human,
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如果测试员不能分辨出谁是人类谁是电脑
18:36
the machine has passed the test.
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那么这台电脑就通过了测试
18:39
I now propose a test for computer voices -- the Ebert test.
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我现在打算为电脑声音做个测试--我称它为埃伯特测试
18:43
If a computer voice can successfully tell a joke
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假设用电脑的声音可以成功的讲一个笑话
18:46
and do the timing and delivery as well as Henny Youngman,
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并且笑点和语气拿捏的和汉尼·杨曼一样好的话
18:49
then that's the voice I want.
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那么，那就是我想要的声音
18:51
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and bloggerAfter losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.
Why you should listen
By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)
In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com