TED2011
Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice
羅傑·艾伯特（Roger Ebert ）：重塑我的聲音。
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影評人羅傑·艾伯特（Roger Ebert） 因為癌症失去了下顎，他不能咀嚼，也不能說話。但是，他的“聲音”還在。在下面這段感人的TED影片裡，請聽艾伯特和他的太太，以及幾位朋友娓娓道來他那不同尋常的故事。
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Roger Ebert: These are my words, but this is not my voice.
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下面的話是我說的，但卻不是我的聲音
00:18
This is Alex, the best computer voice
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聲音的名字叫 Alex，是我能找到的
00:20
I've been able to find,
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最好的電腦發音，
00:22
which comes as standard equipment on every Macintosh.
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每台蘋果電腦上都有的基本功能
00:25
For most of my life,
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我的前半生，
00:27
I never gave a second thought to my ability to speak.
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從未擔心過自己說話的能力，
00:30
It was like breathing.
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說話就像呼吸一樣自然。
00:32
In those days, I was living in a fool's paradise.
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那些日子裡，我無憂無慮。
00:35
After surgeries for cancer
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抗癌治療後，
00:37
took away my ability to speak, eat or drink,
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我失去了講話、咀嚼和喝水的能力。
00:40
I was forced to enter this virtual world
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我被迫進入了
00:42
in which a computer does some of my living for me.
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電腦發音的虛擬世界。
00:45
For several days now,
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幾天來﹐ 在TED，
00:47
we have enjoyed brilliant and articulate speakers here at TED.
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我們聆聽那些精彩的、抑揚頓挫的演講。
00:50
I used to be able to talk like that.
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曾經，我也可以那樣演講。
00:52
Maybe I wasn't as smart,
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就算我沒那麼聰敏，
00:54
but I was at least as talkative.
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但也算侃侃而談。
00:56
I want to devote my talk today
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我多麼想用自己的聲音
00:58
to the act of speaking itself,
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來做今天的演講，
01:00
and how the act of speaking or not speaking
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然而，講與不能講，
01:02
is tied so indelibly to one's identity
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是兩種極不同的身份，
01:04
as to force the birth of a new person
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當你不能發出聲音，
01:06
when it is taken away.
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你被強迫變成另一個人。
01:08
However, I've found that listening to a computer voice
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而我覺得聆聽電腦發音，
01:10
for any great length of time
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不論長短，
01:12
can be monotonous.
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都很單調。
01:14
So I've decided to recruit some of my TED friends
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所以我邀請一些我在TED的朋友，
01:17
to read my words aloud for me.
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來口述我所想說的話。
01:19
I will start with my wife, Chaz.
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先由我太太Chaz開始。
01:25
Chaz Ebert: It was Chaz who stood by my side
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Chaz Ebert：“在我三次重建下巴，
01:27
through three attempts to reconstruct my jaw
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和重建談話能力的期間，
01:31
and restore my ability to speak.
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都是 Chaz 陪在我身旁。
01:34
Going into the first surgery
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我的第一次手術，
01:36
for a recurrence of salivary cancer
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是唾液腺癌復發時，
01:38
in 2006,
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當時是2006，
01:40
I expected to be out of the hospital
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當時電視台在等我出院
01:43
in time to return to my movie review show,
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回去主持我的影評節目
01:45
'Ebert and Roeper at the Movies.'
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‘艾伯特和羅特論電影’
01:48
I had pre-taped enough shows
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為了應付我為期六週的手術，
01:50
to get me through six weeks of surgery
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和之後的恢復期，
01:53
and recuperation.
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已經預先錄了六週的節目。
01:55
The doctors took a fibula bone from my leg
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醫生從我腿上取走了一塊腓骨，
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and some tissue from my shoulder
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從我肩膀裡取走了一些組織，
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to fashion into a new jaw.
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來重建我的下巴。
02:04
My tongue, larynx and vocal cords
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我的舌頭，喉嚨和聲帶，
02:07
were still healthy and unaffected.
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不受影響，仍然健康。
02:09
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
02:12
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
02:23
CE: I was optimistic,
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當時我很樂觀，
02:25
and all was right with the world.
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覺得一切都好。
02:27
The first surgery was a great success.
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第一次手術很成功。
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I saw myself in the mirror
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我看看鏡子裡的自己，
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and I looked pretty good.
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看上去還不錯。
02:35
Two weeks later, I was ready to return home.
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兩周後，我準備回家時，
02:38
I was using my iPod
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我用我的iPod，
02:40
to play the Leonard Cohen song
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播放了Leonard Cohen的一首歌，
02:42
'I'm Your Man'
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叫“我是你的男人”，
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for my doctors and nurses.
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放給我的醫生和護士聽。
02:47
Suddenly, I had an episode of catastrophic bleeding.
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突然我開始大出血
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My carotid artery had ruptured.
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我的頸動脈爆裂了。
02:54
Thank God I was still in my hospital room
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謝天謝地，當時我還在醫院房間，
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and my doctors were right there.
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我的醫生都還在，
03:01
Chaz told me
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太太Chaz告訴我，
03:03
that if that song hadn't played for so long,
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要不是那首歌播的時間夠久，
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I might have already been in the car, on the way home,
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我可能已經在回家的車上，
03:08
and would have died right there and then.
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當場就把命丟了。
03:11
So thank you, Leonard Cohen,
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唉，謝謝 Leonard Cohen，
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for saving my life.
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謝謝你救了我的命啊。
03:16
(Applause)
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（觀眾鼓掌）
03:20
There was a second surgery --
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再來是第二次手術，
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which held up for five or six days
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持續了五六天
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and then it also fell apart.
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但後來還是失敗了。
03:27
And then a third attempt,
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第三次手術，
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which also patched me back together pretty well,
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嘗試將我下巴修復，
03:32
until it failed.
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但仍以失敗告終。
03:36
A doctor from Brazil said
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一個來自巴西的醫生說
03:38
he had never seen anyone survive
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他從沒見過我這種
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a carotid artery rupture.
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頸動脈爆裂還活下來的人。
03:44
And before I left the hospital,
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我在醫院整整待了一年
03:47
after a year of being hospitalized,
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才出院
03:50
I had seven ruptures
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總共經歷過7次
03:52
of my carotid artery.
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頸動脈爆裂。
03:54
There was no particular day
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再也沒有
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when anyone told me
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任何人告訴我
03:58
I would never speak again;
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我能重新講話；
04:00
it just sort of became obvious.
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因為大家都看得出是怎麼回事。
04:03
Human speech
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人類的聲音
04:05
is an ingenious manipulation of our breath
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是由精密控制口腔
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within the sound chamber of our mouth
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和呼吸系統裡的呼吸
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and respiratory system.
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而發出的。
04:14
We need to be able to hold and manipulate that breath
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講話時，我們需要控制呼吸
04:17
in order to form sounds.
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從而發聲。
04:20
Therefore, the system
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因而，發聲系統
04:22
must be essentially airtight
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必須緊密
04:25
in order to capture air.
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才能控制空氣。
04:28
Because I had lost my jaw,
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而我失去了下顎，
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I could no longer form a seal,
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我的口腔漏氣，
04:32
and therefore my tongue
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因此我的舌頭
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and all of my other vocal equipment
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以及其他的發聲器官
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was rendered powerless.
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都無力回天。
04:41
Dean Ornish: At first for a long time,
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Dean Ornish: "有挺長的一段時間，
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I wrote messages in notebooks.
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我只能在本子上寫話。
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Then I tried typing words on my laptop
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後來我試著在手提電腦上打字
04:47
and using its built in voice.
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讓電腦裡的發音軟體來念。
04:49
This was faster,
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這快多了，
04:51
and nobody had to try to read my handwriting.
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別人也不用再嘗試閱讀我的筆跡了。
04:53
I tried out various computer voices that were available online,
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我試遍了所有網上的電腦發音軟體，
04:56
and for several months I had a British accent,
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有段時間用的是英式發音的，
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which Chaz called Sir Lawrence."
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Chaz尊稱它Lawrence先生。
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(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
05:02
"It was the clearest I could find.
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那是當時最清楚的一款發音了。
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Then Apple released the Alex voice,
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隨後，蘋果發佈了Alex版發音軟體，
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which was the best I'd heard.
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是我認為效果最好的一款
05:08
It knew things like the difference
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Alex知道
05:10
between an exclamation point and a question mark.
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驚歎號和問號的句子讀出來不一樣。
05:12
When it saw a period, it knew how to make a sentence
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看到句號時，它知道怎麼斷句
05:14
sound like it was ending instead of staying up in the air.
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讀出來的聲音就是降調的而不是繼續懸在空中。
05:18
There are all sorts of html codes you can use
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有各種HTML編碼
05:20
to control the timing and inflection of computer voices,
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用來管理電腦發聲的時間和音調，
05:23
and I've experimented with them.
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那些我都試過。
05:25
For me, they share a fundamental problem: they're too slow.
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但是對我來說，他們的共同問題是太慢了。
05:28
When I find myself in a conversational situation,
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比如我在跟人交流時，
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I need to type fast and to jump right in.
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我就得打字飛快反應迅速。
05:35
People don't have the time or the patience
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但是別人沒時間或者耐心
05:37
to wait for me to fool around with the codes
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等著我和那些代碼玩
05:39
for every word or phrase.
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每個字每句話都得那樣
05:41
But what value do we place on the sound of our own voice?
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但是我們自己的聲音價值何在呢？
05:44
How does that affect who you are as a person?
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它對我們的形象有什麽影響？
05:47
When people hear Alex speaking my words,
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每次人們聽到電腦Alex替我說話時，
05:49
do they experience a disconnect?
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他們會不會覺得很遙遠生硬？
05:51
Does that create a separation or a distance
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會不會因此讓我
05:53
from one person to the next?
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和人們產生距離或隔閡？
05:56
How did I feel not being able to speak?
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不能講話的感受是怎樣的？
05:58
I felt, and I still feel,
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我能一直感覺到，
06:00
a lot of distance from the human mainstream.
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跟人群、社會脫節。
06:02
I've become uncomfortable when I'm separated from my laptop.
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一離開我的手提電腦我就不自在。
06:06
Even then, I'm aware that most people have little patience
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即使那樣，我也能感覺到人們對我講話障礙
06:08
for my speaking difficulties.
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沒啥耐心
06:11
So Chaz suggested finding a company that could make a customized voice
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之後我的太太Chaz建議最好能找一家公司給我量身打造我的聲音
06:14
using my TV show voice
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從30年來
06:16
from a period of 30 years.
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我做的節目裡選我的聲音。
06:18
At first I was against it.
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最開始我反對。
06:20
I thought it would be creepy
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我覺得會害怕
06:22
to hear my own voice coming from a computer.
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聽到自己的聲音從電腦裡出來。
06:24
There was something comforting about a voice that was not my own.
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我還是習慣電腦發出的聲音不是我自己的。
06:27
But I decided then to just give it a try.
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但最後我還是決定試試。
06:29
So we contacted a company in Scotland
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於是我們聯絡了一家在蘇格蘭的公司
06:31
that created personalized computer voices.
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他們的專業是個人化電腦發音。
06:34
They'd never made one from previously-recorded materials.
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他們從來沒有從錄製資料裡提取過語音。
06:37
All of their voices had been made by a speaker
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他們所用的一般都是
06:39
recording original words in a control booth.
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直接在他們的錄音室錄製的談話。
06:41
But they were willing to give it a try.
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但他們決定一試。
06:43
So I sent them many hours of recordings of my voice,
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於是我把以前我節目裡的的聲音發給他們，
06:46
including several audio commentary tracks
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包括一些電影DVD
06:48
that I'd made for movies on DVDs.
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裏面的一些我的評論。
06:51
And it sounded like me, it really did.
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確實聽著像我自己的聲音。
06:53
There was a reason for that; it was me.
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因為那就是我啊。
06:56
But it wasn't that simple.
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那是製作也沒那麼簡單。
06:58
The tapes from my TV show weren't very useful
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那些來自我電視節目的資料並不好用
07:01
because there were too many other kinds of audio involved --
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因為裏面夾雜太多別的聲音--
07:04
movie soundtracks, for example, or Gene Siskel arguing with me --
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比如電影背景音或者Gene Siskel和我爭吵的聲音。
07:07
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
07:09
and my words often had a particular emphasis
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因為有時我說一些字句時特別用力
07:11
that didn't fit into a sentence well enough.
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不太適合重新組合成新句子。
07:14
I'll let you hear a sample of that voice.
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我讓大家先聽聽當時製作的聲音。
07:16
These are a few of the comments I recorded for use
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來自我和太太
07:19
when Chaz and I appeared on the Oprah Winfrey program.
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有次參加Oprah Winfrey的節目。
07:22
And here's the voice we call Roger Jr.
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下面這段聲音我叫他 羅傑初級版，
07:24
or Roger 2.0.
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或者羅傑2.0版。
07:27
Roger 2.0: Oprah, I can't tell you how great it is
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羅傑2.0版：Oprah，我無法形容
07:29
to be back on your show.
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回到你節目有多麼棒。
07:32
We have been talking for a long time,
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我們以前聊過很多，
07:35
and now here we are again.
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現在又開聊啦。
07:37
This is the first version of my computer voice.
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這是我電腦發音的初級版。
07:40
It still needs improvement,
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還需改進，
07:42
but at least it sounds like me
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但是至少聽著像我了
07:44
and not like HAL 9000.
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而不是什麽HAL 9000。
07:47
When I heard it the first time,
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我第一次聽的時候，
07:49
it sent chills down my spine.
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一身雞皮疙瘩。
07:52
When I type anything,
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我打字輸入，
07:54
this voice will speak whatever I type.
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它就按我打的開始念。
07:56
When I read something, it will read in my voice.
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我讀什麽，它就用我的聲音讀什麽。
07:59
I have typed these words in advance,
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我把要說的提前打出來，
08:02
as I didn't think it would be thrilling
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因為我覺得看一個人坐在那裡打字
08:04
to sit here watching me typing.
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不是什麼令人興奮的畫面。
08:06
The voice was created by a company in Scotland
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這個聲音是蘇格蘭一家公司為我定制，
08:09
named CereProc.
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公司叫CereProc.
08:11
It makes me feel good
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我感覺還不錯
08:13
that many of the words you are hearing were first spoken
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而且很多你們現在聽到的發音都是合成的
08:16
while I was commenting on "Casablanca"
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用的是我在《卡撒布蘭卡》
08:19
and "Citizen Kane."
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和《大國民》的錄音。
08:22
This is the first voice they've created for an individual.
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這也是他們公司第一次為專人製作聲音。
08:25
There are several very good voices available for computers,
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雖然電腦發音好幾個版本都很好聽，
08:28
but they all sound like somebody else,
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但是都是別人的聲音啊。
08:31
while this voice sounds like me.
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只有這個是我自己的。
08:34
I plan to use it on television, radio
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於是我打算在電視、廣播
08:37
and the Internet.
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還有網上用。
08:39
People who need a voice should know
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大家應該知道，
08:42
that most computers already come with built-in speaking systems.
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很多電腦都自帶發音系統。
08:45
Many blind people use them
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很多盲人也用
08:47
to read pages on the Web to themselves.
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有助於他們瀏覽網頁。
08:50
But I've got to say, in first grade,
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但我得說，一年级的时候
08:52
they said I talked too much,
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他們抱怨我話多，
08:54
and now I still can.
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我現在還是這樣。
08:56
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
08:59
Roger Ebert: As you can hear, it sounds like me,
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你聽，確實聽著像我，
09:02
but the words jump up and down.
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但是發音忽高忽低，
09:04
The flow isn't natural.
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語調不自然。
09:06
The good people in Scotland are still improving my voice,
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蘇格蘭公司的人還在改進我的聲音，
09:09
and I'm optimistic about it.
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我也很樂觀。
09:11
But so far, the Apple Alex voice
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但目前，蘋果的Alex發音
09:13
is the best one I've heard.
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是我聽到的最好的了。
09:15
I wrote a blog about it
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我發表過一篇部落格
09:17
and actually got a comment from the actor who played Alex.
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給Alex語音錄製聲音的人留言給我。
09:20
He said he recorded many long hours in various intonations
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他說他錄製了很久，各種語調都錄
09:23
to be used in the voice.
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以備各種情況。
09:25
A very large sample is needed.
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需要大量發音樣本。
09:28
John Hunter: All my life I was a motormouth.
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John Hunter: "曾經的我多麼健談，
09:31
Now I have spoken my last words,
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而我也不記得何時，
09:34
and I don't even remember for sure
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我說出了最後一句話
09:36
what they were.
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也不記得說了什麽。
09:38
I feel like the hero of that Harlan Ellison story
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我感覺像Harlan Ellison故事里的主人公
09:41
titled "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream."
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“我沒有嘴，卻必須喊”
09:45
On Wednesday, David Christian explained to us
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週三的時候，David Christian還給我們講過
09:48
what a tiny instant the human race represents
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和浩翰的宇宙相比
09:51
in the time-span of the universe.
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人類文明史多麼短暫
09:53
For almost all of its millions and billions of years,
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在它數百萬年﹐ 數十億年的歷史中
09:56
there was no life on Earth at all.
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地球上沒有生命。
09:59
For almost all the years of life on Earth,
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而在地球有生命的時間裡，
10:02
there was no intelligent life.
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也沒有高等生物。
10:04
Only after we learned to pass knowledge
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而當人類開始傳承知識後
10:06
from one generation to the next,
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一代又一代，
10:08
did civilization become possible.
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人類文明才得以發展。
10:10
In cosmological terms,
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要是跟浩翰的宇宙比，
10:12
that was about 10 minutes ago.
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那也不過是10分鐘之前的事。
10:15
Finally came mankind's most advanced and mysterious tool,
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而現在居然誕生了人類最進步和神秘的工具，
10:19
the computer.
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就是電腦。
10:21
That has mostly happened in my lifetime.
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基本上是我長大後才有。
10:24
Some of the famous early computers
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著名的早期電腦
10:26
were being built in my hometown of Urbana,
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在我故鄉厄巴纳製造，
10:29
the birthplace of HAL 9000.
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也是HAL 9000誕生之地。
10:32
When I heard the amazing talk
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週三時，
10:34
by Salman Khan on Wednesday,
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聽到Salman Khan的演講，
10:36
about the Khan Academy website
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關於Khan學院網站
10:38
that teaches hundreds of subjects to students all over the world,
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給世界各地的學生傳授各種知識
10:41
I had a flashback.
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是我回憶起
10:43
It was about 1960.
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在1960年的時候
10:46
As a local newspaper reporter still in high school,
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當時我是一名新聞記者，仍在上高中
10:49
I was sent over to the computer lab of the University of Illinois
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我去了伊利諾伊大學的電腦室
10:52
to interview the creators
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進行採訪
10:54
of something called PLATO.
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PLATO的開發者
10:56
The initials stood for Programmed Logic
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PLATO是自動教學程式的編寫邏輯
10:58
for Automated Teaching Operations.
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的縮寫
11:02
This was a computer-assisted instruction system,
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是一種電腦輔助教學系統
11:05
which in those days ran on a computer named ILLIAC.
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當時在ILLIAC電腦上運行。
11:08
The programmers said it could assist students in their learning.
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開發者說那個系統可以協助學生學習。
11:12
I doubt, on that day 50 years ago,
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我懷疑50年前的那天，
11:15
they even dreamed of what Salman Khan has accomplished.
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他們想也想不到今日Salman Khan的成就。
11:19
But that's not the point.
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但這不是重點
11:21
The point is PLATO was only 50 years ago,
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重點是PLATO系統僅僅50年前
11:24
an instant in time.
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也是很短的時間
11:26
It continued to evolve and operated in one form or another
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但是PLATO就演變了好幾代
11:29
on more and more sophisticated computers,
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所用電腦系統也更加的複雜
11:32
until only five years ago.
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知道5年前
11:34
I have learned from Wikipedia
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我從維基百科上獲知
11:36
that, starting with that humble beginning,
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他們從當時簡單的起點，
11:39
PLATO established forums, message boards,
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到現在已經建立自己的論壇、留言板、
11:42
online testing,
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線上測試、
11:44
email, chat rooms,
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郵箱和聊天室
11:46
picture languages, instant messaging,
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圖片文字、即時通訊，
11:49
remote screen sharing
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遠距影片分享
11:51
and multiple-player games.
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多人遊戲。
11:54
Since the first Web browser was also developed in Urbana,
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還有第一個網頁瀏覽器的產地也是在Urbana
11:57
it appears that my hometown
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所以我的家鄉
11:59
in downstate Illinois
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即伊利諾伊南部
12:01
was the birthplace
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居然是各種
12:03
of much of the virtual, online universe we occupy today.
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我們今天試用的網絡工具的誕生地。
12:06
But I'm not here from the Chamber of Commerce.
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但我並不是代表我們商會來推銷啊。
12:08
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
12:10
I'm here as a man who wants to communicate.
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我來這裡是來交流的。
12:13
All of this has happened in my lifetime.
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上述這些都是發生在我有生之年
12:16
I started writing on a computer back in the 1970s
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我在70年代就開始在電腦上寫字
12:19
when one of the first Atech systems was installed
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那會用的還是第一代Atech系統
12:22
at the Chicago Sun-Times.
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當時我在芝加哥太陽時報。
12:25
I was in line at Radio Shack
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我在Radio Shack商店排隊
12:27
to buy one of the first Model 100's.
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購買第一代的Model 100's。
12:30
And when I told the people in the press room at the Academy Awards
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我在奧斯卡金像獎被採訪的時候，
12:33
that they'd better install some phone lines for Internet connections,
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我告訴人們要裝一些電話撥號上網，
12:36
they didn't know what I was talking about.
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他們都不知道我在講什麽。
12:39
When I bought my first desktop,
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我買第一台桌上型電腦時，
12:41
it was a DEC Rainbow.
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是一台DEC Rainbow機。
12:43
Does anybody remember that?"
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還有誰記得它？
12:45
(Applause)
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（觀眾鼓掌）
12:48
"The Sun Times sent me to the Cannes Film Festival
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太陽時報派我去坎城電影節
12:50
with a portable computer the size of a suitcase
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讓我帶著個像手提皮箱大小的“移動式”式電腦
12:54
named the Porteram Telebubble.
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叫做Porteram Telebubble
12:56
I joined CompuServe
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我還加入了Compuserve（美國信息服務機構）
12:58
when it had fewer numbers
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當時他們的會員很少
13:00
than I currently have followers on Twitter.
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還沒有我現在Twitter微博上關注我的人多呢。
13:02
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
13:06
CE: All of this has happened
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太太：所有這一切
13:08
in the blink of an eye.
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彷彿發生在轉瞬間。
13:10
It is unimaginable
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難以想像，
13:12
what will happen next.
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以後會有什麽出現。
13:14
It makes me incredibly fortunate
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我非常幸運
13:17
to live at this moment in history.
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可以能活在這個歷史性的時刻。
13:19
Indeed, I am lucky to live in history at all,
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說真的，能活在歷史裡已經很幸運了
13:22
because without intelligence and memory
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因為如果沒有智能和記憶
13:25
there is no history.
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就沒有歷史。
13:27
For billions of years,
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億萬年來，
13:29
the universe evolved
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整個宇宙自轉運作
13:31
completely without notice.
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從來沒人注意過。
13:33
Now we live in the age of the Internet,
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但現在我們活在網路時代，
13:36
which seems to be creating a form of global consciousness.
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全球化意識來臨
13:39
And because of it,
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也因為此，
13:41
I can communicate
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我可以如常
13:43
as well as I ever could.
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與人交流。
13:45
We are born into a box
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我們這個時代像
13:47
of time and space.
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時空交叉的盒子
13:50
We use words and communication
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我們用文字和交流
13:52
to break out of it
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來突破它
13:54
and to reach out to others.
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來接觸到其他人
13:57
For me, the Internet began
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對我來說，網路開始的時候
13:59
as a useful tool
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只是一種工具
14:01
and now has become something I rely on
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現在卻成了生活的依賴
14:04
for my actual daily existence.
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以維持我的存在
14:07
I cannot speak;
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我不能講話，
14:09
I can only type so fast.
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我只能飛快打字。
14:12
Computer voices
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電腦發音的交流
14:14
are sometimes not very sophisticated,
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有時候比較單調，
14:17
but with my computer,
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但是我使用電腦，
14:19
I can communicate more widely
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就可以更廣泛的與人交流
14:21
than ever before.
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這在以前可沒有。
14:23
I feel as if my blog,
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我的部落格
14:26
my email, Twitter and Facebook
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我的電郵，推特和臉書
14:29
have given me a substitute
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取代了我
14:31
for everyday conversation.
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的日常對話。
14:34
They aren't an improvement,
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這不算什麼進步，
14:36
but they're the best I can do.
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但已經是我有的最好的了。
14:38
They give me a way to speak.
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它們賦予我一種表達方式。
14:41
Not everybody has the patience
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並不是每個人都和我太太 Chaz 一樣
14:44
of my wife, Chaz.
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有耐心
14:48
But online,
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但是在網上，
14:49
everybody speaks at the same speed.
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大家書寫的速度是一樣的
14:54
This whole adventure
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這些嘗試
14:56
has been a learning experience.
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都是學習的過程。
14:58
Every time there was a surgery that failed,
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每當我手術失敗的時候，
15:01
I was left with a little less flesh and bone.
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我下巴的肉和骨頭都更少了
15:04
Now I have no jaw left at all.
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現在根本就沒有下巴了
15:07
While harvesting tissue from both my shoulders,
349
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手術移植我肩膀上的組織，
15:10
the surgeries left me with back pain
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導致背痛
15:12
and reduced my ability to walk easily.
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牽制了我的行走能力。
15:16
Ironic that my legs are fine,
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諷刺的是我的腿還好，
15:18
and it's my shoulders that slow up my walk.
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是我的肩膀使我行走困難。
15:21
When you see me today,
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看看今日的我
15:23
I look like the Phantom of the Opera.
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我簡直是《歌劇魅影》的主角
15:25
But no you don't.
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不，你不像。
15:27
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
15:29
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
15:39
It is human nature to look at someone like me
359
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當人們看到我的模樣
15:42
and assume I have lost some of my marbles.
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很自然地覺得我的只能也不如往常
15:46
People --
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人們...
15:57
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
16:03
People talk loudly --
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人們講話大聲
16:05
I'm so sorry.
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抱歉
16:07
Excuse me.
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抱歉
16:09
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
16:13
People talk loudly and slowly to me.
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人們把聲音放大，速度減低
16:17
Sometimes they assume I am deaf.
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有時他們覺得我聾了。
16:20
There are people who don't want to make eye contact.
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有些人不願意和我做目光交流
16:24
Believe me, he didn't mean this as --
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相信我，他的意思不是 --
16:26
anyway, let me just read it.
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不管如何，讓我念完
16:28
(Laughter)
372
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（觀眾笑）
16:33
You should never let your wife read something like this.
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沒有人應該讓自己的太太朗讀這種東西的。
16:36
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
16:40
It is human nature
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人類的本性是
16:42
to look away from illness.
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把頭在疾病面前別開
16:45
We don't enjoy a reminder
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我們不喜歡有人來提醒
16:47
of our own fragile mortality.
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自己隨時可能面臨死亡的事實
16:50
That's why writing on the Internet
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所以在網路上寫作
16:52
has become a lifesaver for me.
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成了我的救命法寶
16:54
My ability to think and write
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我思考和寫作的能力
16:57
have not been affected.
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並不受影響
16:59
And on the Web, my real voice finds expression.
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在網路上，我真正的話語有了表達的途徑
17:02
I have also met many other disabled people
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我也碰到了一些用這種方法溝通的
17:05
who communicate this way.
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殘障人士
17:08
One of my Twitter friends
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我在推特上有一個好友
17:10
can type only with his toes.
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他只能用腳趾打字
17:12
One of the funniest blogs on the Web
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網路上最搞笑的一個部落格
17:14
is written by a friend of mine
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是我一個朋友寫的
17:16
named Smartass Cripple.
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他叫“殘而聰明”
17:18
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
17:20
Google him and he will make you laugh.
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試著Google他，他的部落格會博你一笑。
17:23
All of these people are saying, in one way or another,
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這些人在各種場合都說
17:25
that what you see
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眼睛所能見到的
17:27
is not all you get.
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不是事物的全部。
17:29
So I have not come here to complain.
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我不是來這裡抱怨的
17:32
I have much to make me happy and relieved.
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我有很多讓我開心放鬆的東西
17:35
I seem, for the time being,
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我似乎暫時
17:37
to be cancer-free.
399
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沒有癌症威脅
17:39
I am writing as well as ever.
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我像以往一樣寫作
17:41
I am productive.
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也很多產
17:43
If I were in this condition at any point
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如果我現在的狀況
17:46
before a few cosmological instants ago,
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在以前的話
17:49
I would be as isolated as a hermit.
404
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那我會是獨居的隱者
17:52
I would be trapped inside my head.
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自我糾結
17:54
Because of the rush of human knowledge,
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正因為人類知識快速發展，
17:57
because of the digital revolution,
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還有數位革命
17:59
I have a voice,
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才讓我有了“聲音”
18:01
and I do not need to scream.
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不用呐喊
18:05
RE: Wait. I have one more thing to add.
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最後，我還有一事要說
18:10
A guy goes into a psychiatrist.
411
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有一個人去找精神科醫生
18:12
The psychiatrist says, "You're crazy."
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精神病醫生對他說“你瘋了”
18:15
The guy says, "I want a second opinion."
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那個人說“還有其它診斷嗎”
18:18
The psychiatrist says, "All right, you're ugly."
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精神病醫生對他說“好吧，你醜死了“
18:22
(Laughter)
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（觀眾笑）
18:25
You all know the test for artificial intelligence -- the Turing test.
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大家都知道這是人工智能搞的鬼--Turing測試
18:29
A human judge has a conversation
417
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如果是一個人嘗試分辨
18:31
with a human and a computer.
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人和機器的聲音
18:33
If the judge can't tell the machine apart from the human,
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如果分辨不出機器和人的話
18:36
the machine has passed the test.
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機器不就蒙混過關了嗎
18:39
I now propose a test for computer voices -- the Ebert test.
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現在我用我的電腦發音參加Ebert測試
18:43
If a computer voice can successfully tell a joke
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如果電腦發音能成功的說個笑話
18:46
and do the timing and delivery as well as Henny Youngman,
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說笑的口氣和時機能像Henny Youngman一樣
18:49
then that's the voice I want.
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那就是我想要的聲音了。
18:51
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and bloggerAfter losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.
Why you should listen
By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)
In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com