ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Teddy Cruz - Architect and urbanist
Teddy Cruz looks for clues to the "city of the future" in the emerging urban areas of today.

Why you should listen

Teddy Cruz works at the crossroads of architecture, urbanism, policy and art. He has looked deeply, over many years, at the Tijuana-San Diego area spanning the US-Mexico border -- a thriving, high-density, high-activity zone of trade and urban relationships -- and at other southern cities. And he suggests that the modern, highly planned cities of the developed world have much to learn from these developments. The informal shops, garages and neighborhoods of a boomtown are built to maximize "social flow" -- because buildings are easy to put up and modify, they can respond exactly to the inhabitant's needs, connecting them to the community and the city.  

In collaboration with community-based nonprofits such as Casa Familiar, Cruz and his team also explore new visions for affordable housing, in relationship to an urban policy more inclusive of social and cultural programs for the city. In 1991, Cruz received the Rome Prize in Architecture; in 2005 he was the first recipient of the James Stirling Memorial Lecture On The City Prize. Born in Guatemala, he is a professor in public culture and urbanism in the Visual Arts Department at University of California, San Diego.

More profile about the speaker
Teddy Cruz | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Teddy Cruz: How architectural innovations migrate across borders

泰迪·克鲁兹: 建筑创意,联通你我。

Filmed:
722,912 views

世界各地的城市正在过度扩张,同时不平等状况也在加剧。富人区和贫民窟都在增长,但它们之间的差距也越来越大。在这个让人大开眼界的演讲中,建筑设计师泰迪·克鲁兹让我们重新思考城市化作为一种自下而上的进程。他跟我们分享了蒂华纳的贫民窟教会我们的东西,和这个城市居民的创意,让我们重新思考我们能从资源稀缺的地方学到什么。
- Architect and urbanist
Teddy Cruz looks for clues to the "city of the future" in the emerging urban areas of today. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The urban城市的 explosion爆炸
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由于过去这几年由于经济快速发展
00:15
of the last years年份 of economic经济 boom繁荣
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导致了过度城市化,
00:19
also produced生成 dramatic戏剧性 marginalization边缘化,
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也带来了严重的边缘化问题,
00:23
resulting造成 in the explosion爆炸 of slums贫民窟
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造成了世界各地
00:25
in many许多 parts部分 of the world世界.
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贫民窟的爆炸性增长。
00:28
This polarization极化 of enclaves飞地 of mega-wealth百万财富
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超级富有的飞地周围
00:31
surrounded包围 by sectors行业 of poverty贫穷
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则是各种贫困区,
00:34
and the socioeconomic社会经济 inequalities不平等
they have engendered主义及其
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这种两极分化和由此造成的社会经济上的不平等
00:37
is really at the center中央 of today's今天的 urban城市的 crisis危机.
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正是今天的城市危机的重要内容。
00:41
But I want to begin开始 tonight今晚
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不过今晚我要指出的是,
00:43
by suggesting提示 that this urban城市的 crisis危机
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城市危机
00:46
is not only economic经济 or environmental环境的.
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不仅仅是经济或者环境因素造成的,
00:50
It's particularly尤其 a cultural文化 crisis危机,
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它更多的是一场文化的危机,
00:52
a crisis危机 of the institutions机构
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在这场危机中,
00:55
unable无法 to reimagine重新构想 the stupid ways方法
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社会机制无法改变
00:59
which哪一个 we have been growing生长,
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我们一直以来所选择的不明智的增长方式,
01:01
unable无法 to challenge挑战 the oil-hungry油大户,
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不敢挑战这种渴望石油的、
01:05
selfish自私 urbanization城市化 that have perpetuated延续
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自私的,基于消费的
01:09
cities城市 based基于 on consumption消费,
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不断扩张的城市化进程,
01:11
from southern南部的 California加州 to New York纽约 to Dubai迪拜.
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从南加州,到纽约,到迪拜。
01:16
So I just really want to share分享 with you a reflection反射
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所以我只是想跟大家分享我的思考和体会——
01:20
that the future未来 of cities城市 today今天
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当今城市的未来
01:23
depends依靠 less on buildings房屋
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不再取决于高楼大厦
01:25
and, in fact事实, depends依靠 more
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而事实上,更多地取决于
01:28
on the fundamental基本的 reorganization重组
of socioeconomic社会经济 relations关系,
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社会经济关系的全新重组;
01:33
that the best最好 ideas思路 in the shaping成型
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塑造未来城市的
01:35
of the city in the future未来
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好点子
01:36
will not come from enclaves飞地 of economic经济 power功率
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不会来自于经济实力强大
01:41
and abundance丰富,
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和富有的飞地,
01:42
but in fact事实 from sectors行业 of conflict冲突 and scarcity缺乏
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而实际上会来自于那些有矛盾和资源稀缺的区域,
01:48
from which哪一个 an urgent紧急 imagination想像力
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那里有着迫切的想象力,
01:50
can really inspire启发 us to rethink反思 urban城市的 growth发展 today今天.
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可以真正启发我们重新思考今天的城市增长。
01:54
And let me illustrate说明 what I mean
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现在让我来具体解释一下
01:58
by understanding理解 or engaging sites网站 of conflict冲突
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为什么说那些有着矛盾的地方
02:02
as harboring窝藏 creativity创造力, as I briefly简要地 introduce介绍 you
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充满了创造力,下面我给大家简单介绍一下
02:06
to the Tijuana-San蒂华纳圣 Diego迭戈 border边境 region地区,
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靠近蒂华纳(墨西哥城市)和圣地亚哥(美国城市)的
边境地区,
02:09
which哪一个 has been the laboratory实验室 to
rethink反思 my practice实践 as an architect建筑师.
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那是我重新思考如何做好一个建筑设计师的实验室。
02:13
This is the wall, the border边境 wall,
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这是一堵墙,边境墙,
02:15
that separates中隔离 San Diego迭戈 and Tijuana蒂华纳,
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两边分别是圣地亚哥和蒂华纳,
02:18
Latin拉丁 America美国 and the United联合的 States状态,
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美国和拉美,
02:21
a physical物理 emblem
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这堵墙象征着
02:23
of exclusionary排他性 planning规划 policies政策
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两边的排他性规划政策,
02:25
that have perpetuated延续 the division
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这些政策延续并加剧了
02:28
of communities社区, jurisdictions司法管辖区
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世界各地社区之间、司法之间
02:30
and resources资源 across横过 the world世界.
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和资源之间的差距。
02:33
In this border边境 region地区, we find
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在这个边境地区,我们可以找到
02:36
some of the wealthiest富有 real真实 estate房地产,
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一些最昂贵的地产,
02:38
as I once一旦 found发现 in the edges边缘 of San Diego迭戈,
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我曾经在圣地亚哥的边缘看到过,
02:41
barely仅仅 20 minutes分钟 away
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而那距离拉美一些
02:43
from some of the poorest最穷
settlements定居点 in Latin拉丁 America美国.
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最贫穷的区域仅20分钟车程。
02:47
And while these two cities城市 have the same相同 population人口,
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这两个城市有一样的人口数量,
02:51
San Diego迭戈 has grown长大的 six times larger than Tijuana蒂华纳
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但是在过去的10年里面,圣地亚哥扩张了
02:54
in the last decades几十年,
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近六个蒂华纳的面积。
02:56
immediately立即 thrusting推力 us to confront面对
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这就使得我们要立即面对
03:00
the tensions紧张 and conflicts冲突
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由于城市扩张和密度增加带来的
03:02
between之间 sprawl蔓生 and density密度,
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紧张和冲突,
03:03
which哪一个 are at the center中央 of today's今天的 discussion讨论
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也就是我们今天要讨论的
03:05
about environmental环境的 sustainability可持续性.
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关于环境可持续性的重要内容。
03:08
So I've been arguing争论 in the last years年份
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在过去的这些年里,我一直在强调,
03:11
that, in fact事实, the slums贫民窟 of Tijuana蒂华纳 can teach a lot
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事实上,圣地亚哥的扩张可以
03:15
to the sprawls绵延 of San Diego迭戈
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从蒂华纳的贫民窟中学到很多东西,
03:16
when it comes to socioeconomic社会经济 sustainability可持续性,
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特别是关于社会经济的可持续性,
03:20
that we should pay工资 attention注意 and learn学习
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我们应该关注并学习
03:22
from the many许多 migrant农民 communities社区
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这道边境墙两边的
03:25
on both sides双方 of this border边境 wall
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很多移民社区,
03:27
so that we can translate翻译 their informal非正式的 processes流程
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这样我们就可以把他们的非正式的实践
03:30
of urbanization城市化.
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运用到城市化进程中去。
03:33
What do I mean by the informal非正式的 in this case案件?
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我这里的“非正式”是什么意思呢?
03:36
I'm really just talking about
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其实我说的只是
03:37
the compendium概要 of social社会 practices做法 of adaptation适应
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那些为了适应社会的社会实践的集合,
03:41
that enable启用 many许多 of these migrant农民 communities社区
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那些社会实践使得很多移民社区能够
03:44
to transgress侵越 imposed征收 political政治 and economic经济 recipes食谱
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绕过强加的城市化进程中的
03:49
of urbanization城市化.
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政治和经济制度。
03:50
I'm talking simply只是 about the creative创作的 intelligence情报
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我说的仅仅是来自底层的
03:53
of the bottom-up自下而上,
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创造力,
03:56
whether是否 manifested表现 in the slums贫民窟 of Tijuana蒂华纳
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不管是用来自圣地亚哥的垃圾
03:59
that build建立 themselves他们自己, in fact事实,
with the waste浪费 of San Diego迭戈,
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建造的蒂华纳的贫民窟,
04:03
or the many许多 migrant农民 neighborhoods社区
in Southern南部的 California加州
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还是过去十年在南加州的
04:05
that have begun开始 to be retrofitted改装 with difference区别
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很多重新改造的
04:08
in the last decades几十年.
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移民社区。
04:10
So I've been interested有兴趣 as an artist艺术家
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作为一个艺术家,我一直对
04:12
in the measuring测量, the observation意见,
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测量和观察
04:15
of many许多 of the trans-border跨界 informal非正式的 flows流动
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边境地区的那些跨边境的非正式的流动
04:17
across横过 this border边境:
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很感兴趣。
04:19
in one direction方向, from south to north,
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一方面,从南到北,
04:21
the flow of immigrants移民 into the United联合的 States状态,
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移民流入美国,
04:24
and from north to south the flow of waste浪费
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另一方面,从北到南,
04:27
from southern南部的 California加州 into Tijuana蒂华纳.
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南加州的垃圾流入蒂华纳。
04:30
I'm referring to the recycling回收
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我说的垃圾指的是
04:32
of these old post-war战后 bungalows平房
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那些战后平房,
04:36
that Mexican墨西哥人 contractors承包商 bring带来 to the border边境
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墨西哥承包商们把它们拉到边境来,
04:39
as American美国 developers开发商 are disposing处置 of them
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因为美国开发商
04:42
in the process处理 of building建造 a more inflated充气 version
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为了建造一个更加膨胀的郊区,
04:45
of suburbia郊区 in the last decades几十年.
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在过去的十年里正在将它们抛弃。
04:47
So these are houses房屋 waiting等候 to cross交叉 the border边境.
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看这些就是准备跨越边境的房子。
04:50
Not only people cross交叉 the border边境 here,
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在这里不仅仅是人们在跨越边境,
04:52
but entire整个 chunks of one city move移动 to the next下一个,
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而且一个城市的整块区域也被搬过去,
04:55
and when these houses房屋 are placed放置
on top最佳 of these steel frames,
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当这些房子被放置于这些钢筋框架上时,
04:59
they leave离开 the first floor地板 to become成为 the second第二
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它们就从一楼变成了二楼,
05:02
to be in-filled在填充 with more house,
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从而有更多的空间填充进更多的房子
05:04
with a small business商业.
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作为商业用途。
05:05
This layering分层 of spaces空间 and economies经济
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这种空间和经济的分层
05:08
is very interesting有趣 to notice注意.
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非常有意思。
05:10
But not only houses房屋, also small debris废墟
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但是不仅仅是房子,还有一些小的废件
05:13
from one city, from San Diego迭戈, to Tijuana蒂华纳.
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从一个城市,从圣地亚哥到蒂华纳。
05:15
Probably大概 a lot of you have seen看到 the rubber橡胶 tires轮胎
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很多人应该看过橡胶轮胎
05:18
that are used in the slums贫民窟 to build建立 retaining固定 walls墙壁.
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被用于建造贫民窟的挡土墙。
05:20
But look at what people have doneDONE here in conditions条件
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但是看看这些人在突发的社会经济状况下
05:23
of socioeconomic社会经济 emergency.
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是怎么做的。
05:25
They have figured想通 out how to peel off the tire,
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他们学会了把轮胎上的橡胶扯下来,
05:28
how to thread线 it and interlock连锁 it
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用线穿起来并固定在一起,
05:30
to construct构造 a more efficient高效 retaining固定 wall.
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来打造一堵更有效的挡土墙。
05:35
Or the garage车库 doors that are brought
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还有那些用圣地亚哥的卡车装过来的
05:38
from San Diego迭戈 in trucks卡车
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车库大门
05:40
to become成为 the new skin皮肤 of emergency housing住房
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则成为了蒂华纳边缘
05:45
in many许多 of these slums贫民窟
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很多贫民窟的
05:47
surrounding周围 the edges边缘 of Tijuana蒂华纳.
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紧急住房的外墙。
05:49
So while, as an architect建筑师,
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虽然作为一个建筑设计师,
05:51
this is a very compelling引人注目 thing to witness见证,
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见证这些有创造性的举动
05:53
this creative创作的 intelligence情报,
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让人非常兴奋,
05:54
I also want to keep myself in check.
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不过我还是不能让自己兴奋过了头。
05:56
I don't want to romanticize浪漫 poverty贫穷.
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我不希望美化贫困。
05:58
I just want to suggest建议
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我只是想说
06:00
that this informal非正式的 urbanization城市化
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这种非正式的城市化
06:02
is not just the image图片 of precariousness不稳定,
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不仅仅是表面看上去的危险的样子,
06:06
that informality不拘小节 here, the informal非正式的,
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这里的非正式性
06:09
is really a set of socioeconomic社会经济
and political政治 procedures程序
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其实是一系列的社会经济和政治行为,
06:14
that we could translate翻译 as artists艺术家,
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作为艺术家我们可以将其
06:16
that this is about a bottom-up自下而上 urbanization城市化
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理解为这是一场自下而上的
06:19
that performs施行.
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城市化进程。
06:20
See here, buildings房屋 are not important重要
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这里楼房的重要性
06:23
just for their looks容貌,
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不是体现在它们的外表,
06:25
but, in fact事实, they are important重要 for what they can do.
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而是它们的功能。
06:28
They truly perform演出 as they transform转变 through通过 time
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它们随着时间变化调整,
06:32
and as communities社区 negotiate谈判
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在社区对空间、界限和资源的谈判过程中
06:34
the spaces空间 and boundaries边界 and resources资源.
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真正发挥作用。
06:37
So while waste浪费 flows流动 southbound南行,
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垃圾流向南边,
06:40
people go north in search搜索 of dollars美元,
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同时人们为了发财致富流向北边,
06:43
and most of my research研究 has had to do
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我大部分的研究都是关于
06:45
with the impact碰撞 of immigration移民
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这些移民
06:49
in the alteration改造 of the homogeneity同质化
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对美国的很多社区,
06:52
of many许多 neighborhoods社区 in the United联合的 States状态,
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特别是圣地亚哥的社区的同质性
06:54
particularly尤其 in San Diego迭戈.
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造成的影响。
06:56
And I'm talking about how this begins开始 to suggest建议
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我要说的是,这意味着
06:58
that the future未来 of Southern南部的 California加州
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南加州的未来
07:01
depends依靠 on the retrofitting改造
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取决于对快速城市化的重新改造,
07:04
of the large urbanization城市化 -- I mean, on steroids类固醇 --
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要大规模地,
07:07
with the small programs程式,
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引入小的
07:09
social社会 and economic经济.
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社会和经济项目。
07:11
I'm referring to how immigrants移民,
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我指的是,当移民
07:13
when they come to these neighborhoods社区,
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进入到这些社区的时候,
07:15
they begin开始 to alter改变 the one-dimensionality一维
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它们开始把简单的
07:18
of parcels包裹 and properties性能
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物品和居住地
07:20
into more socially社交上 and
economically经济 complex复杂 systems系统,
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改造成更加复杂的社会和经济体,
07:24
as they begin开始 to plug插头 an
informal非正式的 economy经济 into a garage车库,
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比如在车库开始非常规的经济,
07:28
or as they build建立 an illegal非法 granny奶奶 flat平面
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或者建造一个非法的给奶奶居住的公寓房
07:30
to support支持 an extended扩展 family家庭.
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以支持一个大家庭。
07:33
This socioeconomic社会经济 entrepreneurship创业
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在这些社区里面的
07:38
on the ground地面 within these neighborhoods社区
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这种社会经济创举
07:41
really begins开始 to suggest建议 ways方法 of translating翻译 that
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给我们提供了制定
07:45
into new, inclusive包括的 and more equitable公平
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新的,更有包容性的,更公平的
07:49
land土地 use policies政策.
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土地使用政策的参考。
07:51
So many许多 stories故事 emerge出现 from these dynamics动力学
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从这些空间改造的活动中
07:54
of alteration改造 of space空间,
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涌现出了那么多的故事,
07:56
such这样 as &quotQUOT;the informal非正式的 Buddha,&quotQUOT;
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比如“非正式的菩萨”,
07:58
which哪一个 tells告诉 the story故事 of a small house
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这个故事讲的是一个
08:01
that saved保存 itself本身, it did not travel旅行 to Mexico墨西哥,
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“活下来”的小房子,它没有被拉到墨西哥,
08:04
but it was retrofitted改装 in the end结束
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2004
而是被重新改造成了
08:06
into a Buddhist佛教徒 temple寺庙,
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一个佛教寺庙,
08:08
and in so doing,
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这样
08:09
this small house transforms变换 or mutates变异
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这个小房子摇身一变,
08:13
from a singular单数 dwelling住宅
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从一个单一的住宅
08:14
into a small, or a micro, socioeconomic社会经济
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变成了社区里面一个小的,微型的,
08:17
and cultural文化 infrastructure基础设施 inside a neighborhood邻里.
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社会经济和文化的基础设施。
08:21
So these action行动 neighborhoods社区, as I call them,
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这些我称之为“行动社区”,
08:24
really become成为 the inspiration灵感
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它们让我们重新思考和定义
08:26
to imagine想像 other interpretations解读 of citizenship国籍
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“公民”的涵义,
08:29
that have less to do, in fact事实,
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“公民”其实和
08:31
with belonging属于 to the nation-state民族国家,
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属于哪个国家并不那么相关,
08:33
and more with upholding崇尚 the notion概念 of citizenship国籍
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而是和维护这样的一个公民概念更相关,
08:37
as a creative创作的 act法案
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即“公民”是
08:39
that reorganizes整理 institutional制度 protocols协议
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人们在城市空间里面重组社会规定的
08:42
in the spaces空间 of the city.
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有创意的行为。
08:44
As an artist艺术家, I've been interested有兴趣, in fact事实,
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作为一个艺术家,事实上我一直对
08:47
in the visualization可视化 of citizenship国籍,
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“公民”的可视化,
08:50
the gathering搜集 of many许多 anecdotes轶事, urban城市的 stories故事,
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收集趣闻轶事和城市里发生的故事很感兴趣,
08:54
in order订购 to narrativizenarrativize the relationship关系
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目的是为了能够讲述
08:57
between之间 social社会 processes流程 and spaces空间.
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社会进程和空间之间的关系。
09:00
This is a story故事 of a group of teenagers青少年
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这个一个关于一群青少年的故事,
09:03
that one night, a few少数 months个月 ago,
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一天晚上,几个月前,
09:06
decided决定 to invade入侵 this space空间 under the freeway高速公路
190
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他们决定侵占高速公路下面的那块空地
09:09
to begin开始 constructing建设 their own拥有 skateboard滑板 park公园.
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来建造他们自己的滑板公园。
09:12
With shovels in hand, they started开始 to dig.
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手里拿着铲子,他们就开始挖了。
09:15
Two weeks later后来, the police警察 stopped停止 them.
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两个星期以后,警察制止了他们。
09:18
They barricaded搭成 the place地点,
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警察把那个地方围了起来,
09:20
and the teenagers青少年 were evicted被驱逐,
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把这群青少年赶了出去,
09:22
and the teenagers青少年 decided决定 to fight斗争 back,
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这群青少年决定回击,
09:24
not with bank银行 cards or slogans口号
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不是通过银行卡或口号,
09:27
but with constructing建设 a critical危急 process处理.
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而是通过一系列的关键行动。
09:29
The first thing they did was to recognize认识
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他们做的第一件事情就是找出
09:32
the specificity特异性 of political政治 jurisdiction管辖权
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管辖那片空地的
09:35
inscribed in that empty space空间.
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政府。
09:38
They found发现 out that they had been lucky幸运
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他们很幸运地发现
09:40
because they had not begun开始 to dig
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他们还没有挖到
09:42
under Caltrans加州交通局 territoyterritoy.
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加州运输局下辖的领土。
09:44
Caltrans加州交通局 is a state agency机构 that governs共治 the freeway高速公路,
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3232
加州运输局是一个管辖高速公路的政府部门,
09:47
so it would have been very
difficult to negotiate谈判 with them.
206
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2565
如果要跟他们谈判就很麻烦了。
09:50
They were lucky幸运, they said, because they began开始
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1880
这群青少年说,他们很幸运因为他们
09:52
to dig under an arm of the freeway高速公路
208
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2407
挖的是高速公路延伸出去的一段公路下面的领土,
09:54
that belongs属于 to the local本地 municipality直辖市.
209
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2263
那是属于当地政府的。
09:57
They were also lucky幸运, they said,
210
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1899
他们说,他们还很幸运的是,
09:58
because they began开始 to dig in a sort分类 of
211
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1738
他们开始挖到一个
10:00
Bermuda百慕大 Triangle三角形 of jurisdiction管辖权,
212
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2342
类似百慕大三角的司法管辖区,
10:03
between之间 port港口 authority权威, airport飞机场 authority权威,
213
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3477
由港口管理局、机场管理局、
10:06
two city districts, and a review评论 board.
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2813
两个城市和一个审查委员会组成。
10:09
All these red lines线 are the invisible无形
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2778
所有的这些红线都是
10:12
political政治 institutions机构 that were inscribed
216
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2578
那些看不见的管理那块剩下的空地的
10:14
in that leftover empty space空间.
217
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3034
政治机构。
10:17
With this knowledge知识, these teenagers青少年
218
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2955
在了解了这些背景资料后,这群青少年
10:20
as skaters滑冰 confronted面对 the city.
219
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2683
作为溜冰者跟这座城市进行了对峙。
10:23
They came来了 to the city attorney's律师 office办公室.
220
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2154
他们来到了这个城市律师的办公室。
10:25
The city attorney律师 told them
221
613491
1949
律师告诉他们
10:27
that in order订购 to continue继续 the negotiation谈判
222
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1896
如果要继续谈判,
10:29
they had to become成为 an NGO非政府组织,
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1943
他们必须先成立一个非政府组织(NGO),
10:31
and of course课程 they didn't know what an NGO非政府组织 was.
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2261
当然他们完全不知道NGO是什么东西。
10:33
They had to talk to their friends朋友 in Seattle西雅图
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2939
他们和他们在西雅图的
10:36
who had gone走了 through通过 the same相同 experience经验.
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1911
经历过类似事件的朋友进行了交流。
10:38
And they began开始 to realize实现 the necessity必要性
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2184
然后他们意识到有必要
10:40
to organize组织 themselves他们自己 even deeper更深
228
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2339
更好地组织自己、
10:42
and began开始 to fundraise募捐, to organize组织 budgets预算,
229
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4134
筹资、管理资金,
10:47
to really be aware知道的 of all the knowledge知识
230
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2324
更好地了解所有
10:49
embedded嵌入式 in the urban城市的 code in San Diego迭戈
231
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3233
有关圣地亚哥这个城市的知识,
10:52
so that they could begin开始 to redefine重新定义
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2218
这样他们才能开始重新定义
10:54
the very meaning含义 of public上市 space空间 in the city,
233
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3820
城市里的公共空间的真正意义,
10:58
expanding扩大 it to other categories类别.
234
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2492
并把它扩展到其它范畴。
11:01
At the end结束, the teenagers青少年 won韩元 the case案件
235
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2635
最终,这群青少年用那些证据
11:03
with that evidence证据, and they were able能够
236
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2473
赢得了这唱官司,并且他们还被允许
11:06
to construct构造 their skateboard滑板 park公园
237
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2615
在那个高速公路下面建起了
11:08
under that freeway高速公路.
238
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1610
他们的滑板公园。
11:10
Now for many许多 of you, this story故事
239
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2445
对你们很多人来说,这个故事
11:12
might威力 seem似乎 trivial不重要的 or naive幼稚.
240
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2240
可能看上去微不足道或者有些天真。
11:15
For me as an architect建筑师, it has become成为
241
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1949
而我作为一个建筑设计师,这对我
11:17
a fundamental基本的 narrative叙述,
242
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2338
是一个非常重要的故事,
11:19
because it begins开始 to teach me
243
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1853
因为它教会我
11:21
that this micro-community微社区
244
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1955
这个微型社区
11:23
not only designed设计 another另一个 category类别 of public上市 space空间
245
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3492
不仅仅创造了另一类的公共空间范畴,
11:26
but they also designed设计 the socioeconomic社会经济 protocols协议
246
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3805
他们还创造了这个空间的
11:30
that were necessary必要 to be inscribed in that space空间
247
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3097
长期可持续发展所需要的
11:33
for its long-term长期 sustainability可持续性.
248
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社会经济规则。
11:36
They also taught me
249
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1485
他们还教会我,
11:38
that similar类似 to the migrant农民 communities社区
250
686087
2035
就像边境两边的
11:40
on both sides双方 of the border边境,
251
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1529
移民社区一样,
11:41
they engaged订婚 conflict冲突 itself本身 as a creative创作的 tool工具,
252
689651
3717
他们把矛盾转化成了一个有创意的工具,
11:45
because they had to produce生产 a process处理
253
693368
1804
因为他们需要创造这样一个机会
11:47
that enabled启用 them to reorganize改组 resources资源
254
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3617
让他们能够重组资源
11:50
and the politics政治 of the city.
255
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1834
和这个城市的政治。
11:52
In that act法案, that informal非正式的,
256
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2525
通过这样的行动,这种非正式的、
11:55
bottom-up自下而上 act法案 of transgression,
257
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2255
自下而上的变动
11:57
really began开始 to trickle up
258
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2149
慢慢开始流向上层
11:59
to transform转变 top-down自顶向下 policy政策.
259
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来影响自上而下的政策。
12:02
Now this journey旅程 from the bottom-up自下而上
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这种从自下而上
12:07
to the transformation转型 of the top-down自顶向下
261
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到自上而下的变革
12:09
is where I find hope希望 today今天.
262
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正是我今天怀抱希望的理由。
12:11
And I'm thinking思维 of how these modest谦虚 alterations改变
263
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我在想,这些
12:16
with space空间 and with policy政策
264
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在世界各地的
12:19
in many许多 cities城市 in the world世界,
265
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2025
空间和政策的变动,
12:21
in primarily主要 the urgency
266
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主要是出于集体的
12:23
of a collective集体 imagination想像力
267
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迫切需要,
12:26
as these communities社区
268
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所以这些社区
12:27
reimagine重新构想 their own拥有 forms形式 of governance治理,
269
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重新想象他们自己的管理模式、
12:29
social社会 organization组织, and infrastructure基础设施,
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社会组织和基础设施,
12:32
really is at the center中央
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这些正是
12:34
of the new formation编队
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城市的民主政治
12:36
of democratic民主的 politics政治 of the urban城市的.
273
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新变化的重要内容。
12:39
It is, in fact事实, this that could become成为 the framework骨架
274
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事实上,这些正是可以成为
12:43
for producing生产 new social社会
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追求城市里的新的社会
12:46
and economic经济 justice正义 in the city.
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和经济公平的框架。
12:49
I want to say this and emphasize注重 it,
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我想说这一点并强调它,
12:50
because this is the only way I see
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因为我觉得这是今天唯一的
12:54
that can enable启用 us to move移动
279
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可以让我们从
12:56
from urbanizations城市化水平 of consumption消费
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消费型的城市化
13:00
to neighborhoods社区 of production生产 today今天.
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转向生产型的社区的唯一办法。
13:03
Thank you.
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谢谢!
13:05
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Peipei Xiang
Reviewed by 王 晓夫

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Teddy Cruz - Architect and urbanist
Teddy Cruz looks for clues to the "city of the future" in the emerging urban areas of today.

Why you should listen

Teddy Cruz works at the crossroads of architecture, urbanism, policy and art. He has looked deeply, over many years, at the Tijuana-San Diego area spanning the US-Mexico border -- a thriving, high-density, high-activity zone of trade and urban relationships -- and at other southern cities. And he suggests that the modern, highly planned cities of the developed world have much to learn from these developments. The informal shops, garages and neighborhoods of a boomtown are built to maximize "social flow" -- because buildings are easy to put up and modify, they can respond exactly to the inhabitant's needs, connecting them to the community and the city.  

In collaboration with community-based nonprofits such as Casa Familiar, Cruz and his team also explore new visions for affordable housing, in relationship to an urban policy more inclusive of social and cultural programs for the city. In 1991, Cruz received the Rome Prize in Architecture; in 2005 he was the first recipient of the James Stirling Memorial Lecture On The City Prize. Born in Guatemala, he is a professor in public culture and urbanism in the Visual Arts Department at University of California, San Diego.

More profile about the speaker
Teddy Cruz | Speaker | TED.com

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