Wendy Troxel: Why school should start later for teens
温蒂·铃木: 为什么学校应该推迟上课 ?
Wendy Troxel specializes in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
is fast asleep in his bed,
正在床上熟睡着,
deep sleep of a teenager.
shake the poor boy awake,
这可怜的孩子,
like ripping off a Band-Aid,
撕掉创口贴一样,
just to rouse her sleeping teen.
青少年期的孩子不得不喊"着火了"
on her son's head
of the sleep he desperately needs
我儿子急切需要的睡眠,
biological clock tells him he's ready,
of his dreams --
with learning, memory consolidation
整合、情绪处理等能力
that's being deprived of sleep.
American teenagers is an epidemic.
the eight to 10 hours of sleep per night
平均每晚能睡八到十小时,
儿科医生推荐的睡眠时长。
and pediatricians.
my kid's getting eight hours,"
我的孩子可以睡八个小时。”
the minimum recommendation.
getting a C on your report card.
contributing to this epidemic,
from getting the sleep they need
或者 Snapchat (即时通讯工具)。
或者更早,
around 7:30am or earlier,
medical organizations recommend
start no earlier than 8:30am.
have a direct effect on how much --
American teenagers are getting.
teenagers and their parents
做一场难以战胜的对抗。
against their own bodies.
in their biological clock,
and when we feel most sleepy.
in the release of the hormone melatonin.
所引起的,
melatonin until around 11pm,
晚上11点左右开始释放褪黑激素,
we see in adults or younger children.
或是小孩子晚了近两小时。
at 6am is the biological equivalent
叫醒一个青少年,
叫醒一个成年人。
when I have to wake up at 4am,
我还不得不凌晨四点起床。
teenagers feel every single school day.
美国青少年所要面对的,
that we chalk up to being a teenager --
laziness, depression --
慵懒,抑郁——
of chronic sleep deprivation.
所造成的。
battling chronic sleep loss,
为了对抗缺失的睡眠时间,
is consuming large quantities of caffeine
of tired but wired youth.
但同时却又极度兴奋。
start times know
极其重要的一个时期,
of dramatic brain development,
higher order thinking processes,
和良好的判断能力。
and good judgment.
of brain activity that's responsible
就是这些负责大脑活动的部分,
and often risky behaviors
to us parents of teenagers.
get the sleep they need,
and behaviors suffer
behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD),
go well beyond the classroom,
还远远不只是局限于学习上,
of the mental health problems
from LA Unified School District,
青少年做的研究显示,
to have used alcohol in the past month.
酗酒的现象更严重。
30,000 high school students,
for each hour of lost sleep,
in feeling sad or hopeless,
就会增长百分之三十八,
in teen suicide attempts.
are at increased risk
that plague our country,
这些疾病困扰着我们的国家,
heart disease and diabetes.
of putting a sleep-deprived teen,
一个昏昏欲睡的青少年
or less of sleep per night
alcohol content above the legal limit.
of later start times.
with that kind of certainty.
with later start times get more sleep.
因为他们需要更多的睡眠时间。
that if schools start later,
如果学习推迟上课时间,
by 25 percent in one district.
they do better academically.
for reducing the achievement gap.
in math and reading
by one-third fewer students,
还要显著,
in the classroom
还是身体上都得到了提升,
我们的孩子多一些健康快乐,
more pleasantness from our teens,
failed to heed this call?
没有响应这样的号召?
start times goes something like this:
start times for teenagers?
青少年的上课时间呢?
so they're ready for the real world!"
早点适应这个真实残酷的世界!”
to the parent of a two-year-old,
many logistical challenges.
面对很多后勤方面的挑战,
that come up in district after district,
的时候
we have to work through.
做正确的事情的借口,
for our children,
no earlier than 8:30am.
上课时间不早于八点半。
who have made this change,
常常是没有道理的,
are often unfounded
benefits for student health
to set our clocks back by an hour
自己的闹钟推迟了一小时,
extra hour of sleep,
让他们能被自己的生物钟
to wake up naturally,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Wendy Troxel - Sleep researcherWendy Troxel specializes in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders.
Why you should listen
Dr. Wendy Troxel is a Senior Behavioral and Social Scientist at RAND and Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh. She is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders across the lifespan. Her research is funded by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense. Troxel's research focuses on the interface between sleep, social environment and health, as well as the implications for public policy. She is considered the leading authority on how sleep affects and is affected by close relationships.
Troxel has received several awards and honors for her research from national and international scientific societies, and her work has been published in top-tier medical and psychological journals. Her research has been widely cited in the national and international media, including print and television interviews on CBS Sunday Morning, Good Morning America, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, MSNBC and CNN, and she has a regular blog on Huffington Post. Her research on sleep was also featured in two best-selling books: Arianna Huffington's Sleep Revolution and David Randall's Dreamland, and she was a featured expert in the National Geographic documentary Sleepless in America. She has published several highly influential RAND reports on sleep loss in the US military and the global economic implications of sleep loss. She recently was one of the co-organizers and presenters at the first-ever national conference on Adolescent Sleep, Health, and School Start Times, and she will serve as guest editor on an upcoming special issue in the journal Sleep Health on adolescent sleep and school start times.
Wendy Troxel | Speaker | TED.com