TEDxManhattanBeach
Wendy Troxel: Why school should start later for teens
溫蒂・特羅克塞爾: 為何學校應該為青少年延後上課時間？
Filmed:
Readability: 4.8
1,860,295 views
溫蒂・特羅克塞爾認為：青少年的睡眠不足，並不是因為 Snapchat （照片分享軟體）、社交生活或荷爾蒙──主要是因為公共政策。身為一位睡眠研究者、臨床醫師和青少年的母親，特羅克塞爾從她的經驗中，探討了過早的上學時間，如何剝奪了青少年的睡眠，而這正是他們在青春期最迫切需要的。
Wendy Troxel - Sleep researcher
Wendy Troxel specializes in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Full bio
Wendy Troxel specializes in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
It's six o'clock in the morning,
0
360
2216
早上六點鐘，
00:14
pitch black outside.
1
2600
1320
外面仍然一片漆黑。
00:16
My 14-year-old son
is fast asleep in his bed,
is fast asleep in his bed,
2
4640
3216
我十四歲的兒子在床上熟睡著，
這個十幾歲的小子睡得又深又沉。
00:19
sleeping the reckless,
deep sleep of a teenager.
deep sleep of a teenager.
3
7880
3080
00:24
I flip on the light and physically
shake the poor boy awake,
shake the poor boy awake,
4
12000
3976
我打開燈，將這個可憐的男孩搖醒，
00:28
because I know that,
like ripping off a Band-Aid,
like ripping off a Band-Aid,
5
16000
2616
因為我知道「長痛不如短痛」，
00:30
it's better to get it over with quickly.
6
18640
1936
最好的方式是趕快讓他醒來。
00:32
(Laughter)
7
20600
1656
（笑聲）
我有一個朋友會大喊「開火！」
只是為了叫醒她的孩子。
只是為了叫醒她的孩子。
00:34
I have a friend who yells "Fire!"
just to rouse her sleeping teen.
just to rouse her sleeping teen.
8
22280
4736
我的另一朋友更是無奈，
00:39
And another who got so fed up
9
27040
1976
00:41
that she had to dump cold water
on her son's head
on her son's head
10
29040
2856
因為她必須把冷水倒在
她兒子的頭上，
她兒子的頭上，
00:43
just to get him out of bed.
11
31920
1920
只是為了讓他離開床鋪。
00:46
Sound brutal ...
12
34600
1736
聽起來很殘酷......
00:48
but perhaps familiar?
13
36360
1800
但也許覺得有點熟悉？
00:51
Every morning I ask myself,
14
39600
2856
每天早晨我問自己：
00:54
"How can I --
15
42480
1576
「明明我知道各種睡眠的知識，
00:56
knowing what I know
16
44080
1736
而且我賴以為生的工作
00:57
and doing what I do for a living --
17
45840
2416
就是與睡眠有關，
但是我怎麼能這樣
對待自己的兒子？」
對待自己的兒子？」
01:00
be doing this to my own son?"
18
48280
2000
01:03
You see,
19
51040
1296
你明白了吧，
01:04
I'm a sleep researcher.
20
52360
1696
我是一位睡眠的研究者。
01:06
(Laughter)
21
54080
2176
（笑聲）
所以我很清楚睡眠的重要性，
01:08
So I know far too much about sleep
22
56280
1816
01:10
and the consequences of sleep loss.
23
58120
2696
以及睡眠不足所導致的後果。
我知道我正在剝奪
我兒子所需要的睡眠，
我兒子所需要的睡眠，
01:12
I know that I'm depriving my son
of the sleep he desperately needs
of the sleep he desperately needs
24
60840
4096
那對於正處於快速成長階段的
青少年來說，是非常需要的。
青少年來說，是非常需要的。
01:16
as a rapidly growing teenager.
25
64959
1881
01:19
I also know that by waking him up
26
67360
2256
我也知道，我在他生理時鐘的自然醒
01:21
hours before his natural
biological clock tells him he's ready,
biological clock tells him he's ready,
27
69640
4656
數小時前將我兒子叫醒，
我正在剝奪了他的美夢──
01:26
I'm literally robbing him
of his dreams --
of his dreams --
28
74320
2400
01:29
the type of sleep most associated
with learning, memory consolidation
with learning, memory consolidation
29
77400
5776
而這種睡眠型態與學習、記憶固化
01:35
and emotional processing.
30
83200
1840
和情感處理是息息相關的。
01:37
But it's not just my kid
that's being deprived of sleep.
that's being deprived of sleep.
31
85760
2880
但是，不只是我的孩子
被剝奪了睡眠。
被剝奪了睡眠。
01:41
Sleep deprivation among
American teenagers is an epidemic.
American teenagers is an epidemic.
32
89760
3760
在美國的青少年之中，
睡眠不足是普遍流行的現象。
睡眠不足是普遍流行的現象。
01:46
Only about one in 10 gets
the eight to 10 hours of sleep per night
the eight to 10 hours of sleep per night
33
94360
4496
只有約 1/10 的青少年，
每天晚上的睡眠時間
每天晚上的睡眠時間
能夠達到睡眠科學家和小兒科醫生
所建議的 8 至 10 個小時，
所建議的 8 至 10 個小時，
01:50
recommended by sleep scientists
and pediatricians.
and pediatricians.
34
98880
3200
01:55
Now, if you're thinking to yourself,
35
103280
1736
現在，如果你回想自己的情況，
01:57
"Phew, we're doing good,
my kid's getting eight hours,"
my kid's getting eight hours,"
36
105040
3256
「唷，我們家還不錯，
我的孩子有睡到 8 個小時。」
我的孩子有睡到 8 個小時。」
02:00
remember,
37
108320
1216
要記得，
八個小時是建議的最低標準。
02:01
eight hours is
the minimum recommendation.
the minimum recommendation.
38
109560
3496
你只是剛好及格而已。
02:05
You're barely passing.
39
113080
2056
02:07
Eight hours is kind of like
getting a C on your report card.
getting a C on your report card.
40
115160
2840
「每晚睡八個小時」就像是
在成績單上得到 C 而已。
在成績單上得到 C 而已。
02:10
There are many factors
contributing to this epidemic,
contributing to this epidemic,
41
118960
2840
有許多原因使得
睡眠不足的情況普遍蔓延，
睡眠不足的情況普遍蔓延，
02:14
but a major factor preventing teens
from getting the sleep they need
from getting the sleep they need
42
122600
4536
但是讓青少年得不到需要的睡眠，
02:19
is actually a matter of public policy.
43
127160
2319
實際上的主因是公共政策。
02:22
Not hormones, social lives or Snapchat.
44
130160
3880
而不是因為孩子們的
荷爾蒙、社交生活，
荷爾蒙、社交生活，
或是照片分享軟體
Snapchat 所造成的。
Snapchat 所造成的。
02:27
Across the country,
45
135520
1256
在全國各地，
許多學校都規定
早上七點半左右到校，
早上七點半左右到校，
02:28
many schools are starting
around 7:30am or earlier,
around 7:30am or earlier,
46
136800
4856
有的甚至更早；
儘管各大醫療機構都提出建議，
02:33
despite the fact that major
medical organizations recommend
medical organizations recommend
47
141680
4096
國高中不應該在
早上八點半之前上課。
早上八點半之前上課。
02:37
that middle and high school
start no earlier than 8:30am.
start no earlier than 8:30am.
48
145800
4440
02:43
These early start policies
have a direct effect on how much --
have a direct effect on how much --
49
151240
4136
過早到校上課的規定，
直接影響到美國的青少年，
直接影響到美國的青少年，
02:47
or really how little sleep
American teenagers are getting.
American teenagers are getting.
50
155400
4000
讓他們的睡眠時間愈來愈少。
02:52
They're also pitting
teenagers and their parents
teenagers and their parents
51
160520
3896
這些規定也使得
青少年和他們的父母，
青少年和他們的父母，
02:56
in a fundamentally unwinnable fight
against their own bodies.
against their own bodies.
52
164440
4080
一直在這場贏不了的戰爭當中，
與自己的身體健康對抗。
與自己的身體健康對抗。
03:01
Around the time of puberty,
53
169360
1816
在青春期的時候，
03:03
teenagers experience a delay
in their biological clock,
in their biological clock,
54
171200
3736
青少年的生理時鐘會被延緩，
03:06
which determines when we feel most awake
and when we feel most sleepy.
and when we feel most sleepy.
55
174960
3680
而這決定了我們何時感覺到清醒，
以及何時感覺到疲倦。
以及何時感覺到疲倦。
03:11
This is driven in part by a shift
in the release of the hormone melatonin.
in the release of the hormone melatonin.
56
179520
3640
而這是由於釋放
褪黑激素的時間差所造成的。
褪黑激素的時間差所造成的。
03:16
Teenagers' bodies wait to start releasing
melatonin until around 11pm,
melatonin until around 11pm,
57
184080
5536
青少年的體內
會等到晚上 11 點左右
會等到晚上 11 點左右
才開始釋放褪黑激素，
03:21
which is two hours later than what
we see in adults or younger children.
we see in adults or younger children.
58
189640
4320
這比我們一般大人或小孩
晚了 2 個小時。
晚了 2 個小時。
03:27
This means that waking a teenager up
at 6am is the biological equivalent
at 6am is the biological equivalent
59
195840
6016
這意味著早上六點醒來的青少年，
他的生理狀況相當於
凌晨四點醒來的成年人。
凌晨四點醒來的成年人。
03:33
of waking an adult up at 4am.
60
201880
2960
03:37
On the unfortunate days
when I have to wake up at 4am,
when I have to wake up at 4am,
61
205760
3976
在某些悲慘的日子裡，
我必須在凌晨四點起床，
我必須在凌晨四點起床，
那時我就像是個殭屍。
03:41
I'm a zombie.
62
209760
1336
03:43
Functionally useless.
63
211120
1736
一無是處。
03:44
I can't think straight,
64
212880
1616
我的思緒混亂，
情緒煩躁，
03:46
I'm irritable,
65
214520
1496
03:48
and I probably shouldn't be driving a car.
66
216040
2440
或許我連車都開不好。
03:51
But this is how many American
teenagers feel every single school day.
teenagers feel every single school day.
67
219680
4120
然而，這是許多美國青少年
每天上學時的感受。
每天上學時的感受。
03:56
In fact, many of the, shall we say,
68
224280
3016
事實上我們可以說，
青少年有許多令人討厭的特質：
03:59
unpleasant characteristics
that we chalk up to being a teenager --
that we chalk up to being a teenager --
69
227320
4336
04:03
moodiness, irritability,
laziness, depression --
laziness, depression --
70
231680
3416
例如情緒化、焦躁、懶惰、憂鬱──
04:07
could be a product
of chronic sleep deprivation.
of chronic sleep deprivation.
71
235120
2880
這些都是長期睡眠不足所造成的。
04:11
For many teens
battling chronic sleep loss,
battling chronic sleep loss,
72
239080
2736
對許多青少年來說，
要對抗長期性的睡眠不足，
要對抗長期性的睡眠不足，
04:13
their go-to strategy to compensate
is consuming large quantities of caffeine
is consuming large quantities of caffeine
73
241840
5496
他們的補償方式
是藉由超大杯星冰樂
是藉由超大杯星冰樂
或是能量飲料，
04:19
in the form of venti frappuccinos,
74
247360
2176
來攝取大量的咖啡因。
04:21
or energy drinks and shots.
75
249560
1840
04:24
So essentially,
76
252080
1216
所以基本上，
04:25
we've got an entire population
of tired but wired youth.
of tired but wired youth.
77
253320
6000
我們讓所有的青少年
變得疲憊而且焦躁不安。
變得疲憊而且焦躁不安。
04:33
Advocates of sleep-friendly
start times know
start times know
78
261600
3616
主張友善睡眠與延後上課的
倡導者瞭解到，
倡導者瞭解到，
04:37
that adolescence is a period
of dramatic brain development,
of dramatic brain development,
79
265240
3536
青春期正是大腦劇烈發展的時期，
04:40
particularly in the parts of the brain
80
268800
2056
特別是大腦結構當中，
04:42
that are responsible for those
higher order thinking processes,
higher order thinking processes,
81
270880
3536
負責處理高層次思考的區域，
04:46
including reasoning, problem-solving
and good judgment.
and good judgment.
82
274440
4280
會進行推理，問題解決
和良好的判斷。
和良好的判斷。
04:51
In other words, the very type
of brain activity that's responsible
of brain activity that's responsible
83
279320
3136
換句話說，這種
特殊型態的大腦活動，
特殊型態的大腦活動，
04:54
for reining in those impulsive
and often risky behaviors
and often risky behaviors
84
282480
4576
負責管控各種青春期所特有的
04:59
that are so characteristic of adolescence
85
287080
2936
衝動與危險行為，
05:02
and that are so terrifying
to us parents of teenagers.
to us parents of teenagers.
86
290040
3760
而這也是我們這些
青少年的父母所擔心的。
青少年的父母所擔心的。
05:06
They know that like the rest of us,
87
294600
1896
他們知道，就像我們其他人一樣，
05:08
when teenagers don't
get the sleep they need,
get the sleep they need,
88
296520
2416
當青少年缺乏所需要的充足睡眠時，
05:10
their brains, their bodies
and behaviors suffer
and behaviors suffer
89
298960
3136
他們的大腦、身體和行為表現
都會受到立即、持續的影響。
05:14
with both immediate and lasting effects.
90
302120
2640
05:17
They can't concentrate,
91
305280
1816
他們無法集中精神，
05:19
their attention plummets
92
307120
1896
他們的注意力下降，
05:21
and many will even show
behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
behavioral signs that mimic ADHD.
93
309040
3760
許多人甚至會出現
類似過動症的行為。
類似過動症的行為。
05:26
But the consequences of teen sleep loss
go well beyond the classroom,
go well beyond the classroom,
94
314320
4416
但是，青少年睡眠不足的後遺症
不只發生在課堂學習，
不只發生在課堂學習，
05:30
sadly contributing to many
of the mental health problems
of the mental health problems
95
318760
3616
更遺憾的是導致了在青春期
05:34
that skyrocket during adolescence,
96
322400
2696
出現了許多精神健康問題，
包括物質濫用、
05:37
including substance use,
97
325120
1816
憂鬱症和自殺等問題。
05:38
depression and suicide.
98
326960
2480
05:42
In our work with teens
from LA Unified School District,
from LA Unified School District,
99
330400
3176
在一項對於洛杉磯聯合學區
青少年所進行的研究，
青少年所進行的研究，
05:45
we found that teens with sleep problems
100
333600
2216
我們發現有睡眠問題的青少年當中，
05:47
were 55 percent more likely
to have used alcohol in the past month.
to have used alcohol in the past month.
101
335840
4200
有超過 55% 的人
在過去一個月曾經酗酒。
在過去一個月曾經酗酒。
05:53
In another study with over
30,000 high school students,
30,000 high school students,
102
341080
3896
另外一項針對三萬多名
高中生的研究發現，
高中生的研究發現，
每減少一小時睡眠時間，
05:57
they found that
for each hour of lost sleep,
for each hour of lost sleep,
103
345000
3576
青少年的沮喪或無助感
會增加 38%，
會增加 38%，
06:00
there was a 38 percent increase
in feeling sad or hopeless,
in feeling sad or hopeless,
104
348600
3720
06:05
and a 58 percent increase
in teen suicide attempts.
in teen suicide attempts.
105
353400
3880
自殺的傾向也增加了 58% 。
06:10
And if that's not enough,
106
358600
2256
影響還不止這些，
06:12
teens who skip out on sleep
are at increased risk
are at increased risk
107
360880
2536
忽視睡眠的青少年，
會有更高的機率罹患各種疾病，
06:15
for a host of physical health problems
that plague our country,
that plague our country,
108
363440
4056
06:19
including obesity,
heart disease and diabetes.
heart disease and diabetes.
109
367520
4080
包括肥胖、心臟病和糖尿病。
06:24
Then there's the risk
of putting a sleep-deprived teen,
of putting a sleep-deprived teen,
110
372760
2896
然後，對於一個睡眠不足的青少年，
當他剛剛考取駕照，駕駛著汽車時，
06:27
with a newly minted driver's license,
111
375680
2536
還會出現另一種風險。
06:30
behind the wheel.
112
378240
1280
06:32
Studies have shown that getting five hours
or less of sleep per night
or less of sleep per night
113
380160
4496
研究顯示，每晚的睡眠時間
不到五個小時，
不到五個小時，
06:36
is the equivalent of driving with a blood
alcohol content above the legal limit.
alcohol content above the legal limit.
114
384680
5680
就相當於血液中的酒精含量
超過法定標準的酒駕行為。
超過法定標準的酒駕行為。
06:48
Advocates of sleep-friendly start times,
115
396200
2496
主張友善睡眠、
延後上學時間的倡導者，
延後上學時間的倡導者，
以及這個領域的研究人員，
06:50
and researchers in this area,
116
398720
2056
06:52
have produced tremendous science
117
400800
2176
已經產出大量的科學證據，
06:55
showing the tremendous benefits
of later start times.
of later start times.
118
403000
3896
顯示延後上課時間具有巨大效益。
這些發現是很明確的，
06:58
The findings are unequivocal,
119
406920
2296
07:01
and as a sleep scientist,
120
409240
1696
身為一位睡眠科學家，
07:02
I rarely get to speak
with that kind of certainty.
with that kind of certainty.
121
410960
2720
我很少說出如此肯定的結論。
07:07
Teens from districts
with later start times get more sleep.
with later start times get more sleep.
122
415160
3816
實施延後上課的地區，
青少年能得到更多的睡眠時間。
青少年能得到更多的睡眠時間。
持反對意見者可能認為，
如果學校延後上課時間，
如果學校延後上課時間，
07:11
To the naysayers who may think
that if schools start later,
that if schools start later,
123
419000
3496
青少年也會較晚入睡；
07:14
teens will just stay up later,
124
422520
1640
07:16
the truth is,
125
424920
1256
事實上，
07:18
their bedtimes stay the same,
126
426200
1936
他們入睡的時間並未改變，
07:20
but their wake-up times get extended,
127
428160
2256
但是因為起床的時間延後了，
所以睡眠更為充足。
07:22
resulting in more sleep.
128
430440
2160
07:25
They're more likely to show up for school;
129
433360
2376
他們更願意到學校上課，
07:27
school absences dropped
by 25 percent in one district.
by 25 percent in one district.
130
435760
3896
其中一個地區的學校
曠課率下降了 25% 。
曠課率下降了 25% 。
07:31
And they're less likely to drop out.
131
439680
2576
因此學生更不會放棄課業。
07:34
Not surprisingly,
they do better academically.
they do better academically.
132
442280
3496
不出所料的，
他們的課業表現也更好。
他們的課業表現也更好。
07:37
So this has real implications
for reducing the achievement gap.
for reducing the achievement gap.
133
445800
4736
所以這也對於減少成績落差
帶來實際的效益。
帶來實際的效益。
07:42
Standardized test scores
in math and reading
in math and reading
134
450560
2696
在數學和閱讀的標準化測驗中，
成績也提升了兩到三個百分點。
07:45
go up by two to three percentage points.
135
453280
2440
07:48
That's as powerful as reducing class sizes
by one-third fewer students,
by one-third fewer students,
136
456320
5576
效果相當於將班級學生人數
減少三分之一，
減少三分之一，
07:53
or replacing a so-so teacher
in the classroom
in the classroom
137
461920
3176
或是以一位非常傑出的教師
07:57
with a truly outstanding one.
138
465120
2160
取代原本教室裡的普通老師。
08:00
Their mental and physical health improves,
139
468440
2536
當學生的身心健康得到改善，
08:03
and even their families are happier.
140
471000
2336
甚至他們的家庭也會更加快樂。
08:05
I mean, who wouldn't enjoy a little
more pleasantness from our teens,
more pleasantness from our teens,
141
473360
4816
我的意思是，有誰不喜歡
讓我們的孩子擁有多一些快樂，
讓我們的孩子擁有多一些快樂，
08:10
and a little less crankiness?
142
478200
1960
以及少一些任性、焦躁呢？
08:13
Even their communities are safer
143
481040
1856
甚至，他們的社區變得更加安全，
08:14
because car crash rates go down --
144
482920
2536
因為車禍肇事率下降了——
其中一個地區甚至減少了 70% 。
08:17
a 70 percent reduction in one district.
145
485480
2840
08:21
Given these tremendous benefits,
146
489400
2416
看到這麼多明顯的效益，
08:23
you might think,
147
491840
1336
您可能會認為，
08:25
well, this is a no-brainer, right?
148
493200
2696
這是個顯而易見的好主意，對吧？
那為什麼我們的社會
卻不響應這個提議呢？
卻不響應這個提議呢？
08:27
So why have we as a society
failed to heed this call?
failed to heed this call?
149
495920
4280
08:33
Often the argument against later
start times goes something like this:
start times goes something like this:
150
501680
3560
反對延後上課時間的論點
通常是這樣的：
通常是這樣的：
08:38
"Why should we delay
start times for teenagers?
start times for teenagers?
151
506000
2296
「為什麼要延後青少年的上課時間？
我們需要的是鍛鍊他們，
讓他們適應這個現實世界！」
讓他們適應這個現實世界！」
08:40
We need to toughen them up
so they're ready for the real world!"
so they're ready for the real world!"
152
508320
3240
08:44
But that's like saying
to the parent of a two-year-old,
to the parent of a two-year-old,
153
512200
2896
但是這種說法，就像是對著
一位兩歲幼兒的父母說：
一位兩歲幼兒的父母說：
08:47
"Don't let Johnny nap,
154
515120
1496
「不要讓強尼睡午覺，
08:48
or he won't be ready for kindergarten."
155
516640
2416
否則他會無法適應幼兒園生活。」
（笑聲）
08:51
(Laughter)
156
519080
1200
08:53
Delaying start times also presents
many logistical challenges.
many logistical challenges.
157
521880
3896
延後上課時間，也面臨許多
日常營運上的挑戰。
日常營運上的挑戰。
08:57
Not just for students and their families,
158
525800
2376
不僅僅是對於學生和他們的家庭，
09:00
but for communities as a whole.
159
528200
2376
而是包含整個社區。
09:02
Updating bus routes,
160
530600
1576
需要更改公車路線，
09:04
increased transportation costs,
161
532200
2056
增加各種交通成本，
影響課前與課後的
09:06
impact on sports,
162
534280
1536
運動時間與照顧服務。
09:07
care before or after school.
163
535840
2416
當延後上課時間引發爭論時，
09:10
These are the same concerns
that come up in district after district,
that come up in district after district,
164
538280
4576
這些問題也會在愈來愈多的學區，
09:14
time and again around the country
165
542880
1976
甚至是全國各地一再出現。
09:16
as school start times are debated.
166
544880
2080
09:19
And they're legitimate concerns,
167
547960
1680
這些關切是合理的，
09:22
but these are problems
we have to work through.
we have to work through.
168
550640
2880
但也都是我們必須克服的問題。
09:26
They are not valid excuses
169
554120
2256
它們並不能成為失敗的藉口，
09:28
for failing to do the right thing
for our children,
for our children,
170
556400
2760
去阻止我們為孩子作出正確的決定，
09:31
which is to start middle and high schools
no earlier than 8:30am.
no earlier than 8:30am.
171
559920
4880
也就是將國、高中延後到
早上八點半開始上課。
早上八點半開始上課。
09:37
And in districts around the country,
172
565760
1896
而在全國大大小小的學區當中，
09:39
big and small,
who have made this change,
who have made this change,
173
567680
2616
當他們願意做出改變時，
他們會發現這些恐懼往往毫無根據，
09:42
they found that these fears
are often unfounded
are often unfounded
174
570320
3776
取而代之的是巨大的效益，
例如學生的健康、
例如學生的健康、
09:46
and far outweighed by the tremendous
benefits for student health
benefits for student health
175
574120
4416
學業表現，
09:50
and performance,
176
578560
1656
以及整體的公共安全。
09:52
and our collective public safety.
177
580240
1960
09:56
So tomorrow morning,
178
584160
1776
所以在明天早上，
09:57
when coincidentally we get
to set our clocks back by an hour
to set our clocks back by an hour
179
585960
4720
我們不約而同的把鬧鈴時間
往後調一個小時，
往後調一個小時，
10:03
and you get that delicious
extra hour of sleep,
extra hour of sleep,
180
591760
4320
你會多得到一個小時甜美的睡眠，
10:09
and the day seems a little longer,
181
597280
1960
讓你感覺到這一天似乎更長了，
10:12
and a little more full of hope,
182
600080
1640
並且充滿了更多的希望。
10:14
think about the tremendous power of sleep.
183
602760
3920
想像一下睡眠帶來的巨大效益，
10:19
And think about what a gift it would be
184
607520
2576
也想像一下，如果我們的孩子
能夠睡到自然醒，
能夠睡到自然醒，
10:22
for our children to be able
to wake up naturally,
to wake up naturally,
185
610120
4016
與他們自己的生理時鐘一致，
這將會是多麼珍貴的禮物。
10:26
in harmony with their own biology.
186
614160
2240
10:29
Thank you,
187
617400
1256
謝謝，
祝大家有個愉快的好夢。
10:30
and pleasant dreams.
188
618680
1200
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Wendy Troxel - Sleep researcherWendy Troxel specializes in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders.
Why you should listen
Dr. Wendy Troxel is a Senior Behavioral and Social Scientist at RAND and Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at the University of Pittsburgh. She is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in behavioral treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders across the lifespan. Her research is funded by the National Heart Lung Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense. Troxel's research focuses on the interface between sleep, social environment and health, as well as the implications for public policy. She is considered the leading authority on how sleep affects and is affected by close relationships.
Troxel has received several awards and honors for her research from national and international scientific societies, and her work has been published in top-tier medical and psychological journals. Her research has been widely cited in the national and international media, including print and television interviews on CBS Sunday Morning, Good Morning America, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, MSNBC and CNN, and she has a regular blog on Huffington Post. Her research on sleep was also featured in two best-selling books: Arianna Huffington's Sleep Revolution and David Randall's Dreamland, and she was a featured expert in the National Geographic documentary Sleepless in America. She has published several highly influential RAND reports on sleep loss in the US military and the global economic implications of sleep loss. She recently was one of the co-organizers and presenters at the first-ever national conference on Adolescent Sleep, Health, and School Start Times, and she will serve as guest editor on an upcoming special issue in the journal Sleep Health on adolescent sleep and school start times.
Wendy Troxel | Speaker | TED.com