TEDxHogeschoolUtrecht
Sebastian Deterding: What your designs say about you
Sebastian Deterding: 你的設計透露的你的訊息
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
667,868 views
你的椅子透露了什麽有關你的價值觀的訊息？設計師 Sebastian Deterding 説明了我們周遭的設計物件如何反映了我們的道德觀和對美好生活的觀點。
Sebastian Deterding - Designer
Sebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design. Full bio
Sebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
We are today talking about moral persuasion.
0
392
2651
今天我們要來談談道德勸説
00:18
What is moral and immoral
1
3043
1549
當我們試著用科技和設計
00:20
in trying to change people's behaviors
2
4592
2416
來改變人們的行爲時
00:22
by using technology and using design?
3
7008
2351
這之間道德的界限在哪裏？
00:25
And I don't know what you expect,
4
9359
1852
我不知道你們的期待是什麽
00:27
but when I was thinking about that issue,
5
11211
2048
但當我在想這個問題時
00:29
I early on realized
6
13259
1233
我很早就理解到
00:30
what I'm not able to give you are answers.
7
14492
3334
我是沒有答案的
00:33
I'm not able to tell you what is moral or immoral
8
17826
2316
我無法告訴你什麽是道德或不道德
00:36
because we're living in a pluralist society.
9
20142
2916
因爲我們活在一個多元化的社會
00:38
My values can be radically different
10
23058
2633
我和你的價值觀
00:41
from your values.
11
25691
1884
可能極端地不同
00:43
Which means that what I consider moral or immoral based on that
12
27575
3419
也就是說我判斷道德的標準
00:46
might not necessarily be what you consider moral or immoral.
13
30994
3731
和你的標準不見得一樣
00:50
But I also realized that there is one thing that I could give you.
14
34725
2866
不過我知道 我可以給你的
00:53
And that is what this guy behind me gave the world --
15
37591
3059
就是我背後這個人
00:56
Socrates.
16
40650
911
蘇格拉底
00:57
It is questions.
17
41561
1447
所告訴這世界的 -- 那就是問題
00:58
What I can do and what I would like to do with you
18
43008
2625
我想給你們
01:01
is give you, like that initial question,
19
45633
2020
像開頭的問題一樣
01:03
a set of questions
20
47653
1315
一連串的問題
01:04
to figure out for yourself,
21
48968
2033
讓我們一起來探討
01:06
layer by layer,
22
51001
1434
像剝洋蔥一樣
01:08
like peeling an onion,
23
52435
2217
一層又一層的剝掉
01:10
getting at the core of what you believe
24
54652
2216
最後達到你價值信仰的核心
01:12
is moral or immoral persuasion.
25
56868
3332
也就是道德和不道德的分界
01:16
And I'd like to do that with a couple of examples
26
60200
2868
我要提出幾個科技上的例子
01:18
of technologies where people have used game elements
27
63068
2983
説明人們如何用遊戲的元素
01:21
to get people to do things.
28
66051
3317
來使其他人做事
01:25
So it's a first very simple, a very obvious question
29
69368
3466
所以我要給你的第一個
01:28
I would like to give you:
30
72834
1533
十分簡單明顯的問題：
01:30
What are your intentions if you are designing something?
31
74367
2818
當你在設計一樣東西時 你最初的用意是什麽？
01:33
And obviously intentions are not the only thing,
32
77185
3233
很明顯地 光有用意不能解釋一切
01:36
so here is another example for one of these applications.
33
80418
3383
這裡有另外一個例子
01:39
There are a couple of these kinds of eco-dashboards right now --
34
83801
2899
現在有所謂的環保儀表板
01:42
so dashboards built into cars
35
86700
1901
這些裝在車上的儀表板
01:44
which try to motivate you to drive more fuel efficiently.
36
88601
2733
會激發你去想怎樣開車才更省油
01:47
This here is Nissan's MyLeaf,
37
91334
1617
像這個是Nissan的MyLeaf
01:48
where your driving behavior is compared
38
92951
2297
在這上面你可以看到
01:51
with the driving behavior of other people,
39
95248
1719
你和他人的駕駛方式的比較
01:52
so you can compete for who drives around
40
96967
1953
所以你可以和其他人比賽
01:54
the most fuel efficiently.
41
98920
1398
看誰油用得最少
01:56
And these things are very effective, it turns out,
42
100318
2266
結果發現這個儀表板十分的厲害
01:58
so effective that they motivate people
43
102584
2617
厲害到可以讓人們爲了省油
02:01
to engage in unsafe driving behaviors --
44
105201
2082
反而去採取不安全的駕駛行爲
02:03
like not stopping on a red headlight.
45
107283
1742
像闖紅燈等等的
02:04
Because that way you have to stop and restart the engine,
46
109025
2221
因爲紅燈時你得停下來再重新啓動
02:07
and that would use quite some fuel, wouldn't it?
47
111246
3920
這會花費更多的汽油，不是嗎？
02:11
So despite this being a very well-intended application,
48
115166
4345
所以，雖然這個程式的用意是好的
02:15
obviously there was a side effect of that.
49
119511
2580
但大家都看得出來這有個副作用
02:17
And here's another example for one of these side effects.
50
122091
2149
這裡還有個有關副作用的例子
02:20
Commendable:
51
124240
1401
Commendable （網站名）
02:21
a site that allows parents to give their kids little badges
52
125641
3649
在這個網站上爸爸媽媽可以給予一些小圖章
02:25
for doing the things that parents want their kids to do --
53
129290
2200
來獎賞他們的小孩的行爲
02:27
like tying their shoes.
54
131490
1335
像聽話綁鞋帶之類的
02:28
And at first that sounds very nice,
55
132825
2354
一開始這主意聼起來不錯
02:31
very benign, well intended.
56
135179
1961
十分聰明也用意良好
02:33
But it turns out, if you look into research on people's mindset,
57
137140
3884
但結果你如果去看人類心理的研究
02:36
that caring about outcomes,
58
141024
2035
像這樣在意結果
02:38
caring about public recognition,
59
143059
1797
在意被公衆認可
02:40
caring about these kinds of public tokens of recognition
60
144856
3385
和這些代表認可的實體符號
02:44
is not necessarily very helpful
61
148241
2518
對于長期的心理健康
02:46
for your long-term psychological well-being.
62
150759
2197
並沒有什麼幫助
02:48
It's better if you care about learning something.
63
152956
2834
但如果你自發地去學習
02:51
It's better when you care about yourself
64
155790
1833
自己來關心自己
02:53
than how you appear in front of other people.
65
157623
2986
而不是關心自己呈現的外像
02:56
So that kind of motivational tool that is used
66
160609
3181
才會有更積極的作用
02:59
actually in and of itself
67
163790
1784
所以這種激勵他人的工具在其本質上
03:01
has a long-term side effect
68
165574
2184
有長期的副作用
03:03
in that every time we use a technology
69
167758
1717
每一次當我們使用
03:05
that uses something like public recognition or status,
70
169475
3315
這種牽涉到公共認可或地位的科技時
03:08
we're actually positively endorsing this
71
172790
2400
我們其實也就正向地認可說
03:11
as a good and a normal thing to care about --
72
175190
3434
這些是該去注意的好事情
03:14
that way, possibly having a detrimental effect
73
178624
2685
這麽一來在長期地來説
03:17
on the long-term psychological well-being of ourselves as a culture.
74
181309
4082
會對我們心理的狀態有負面的影響
03:21
So that's a second, very obvious question:
75
185391
2468
第二個很明顯的問題是
03:23
What are the effects of what you're doing?
76
187859
2632
你的所作所爲有什麽影響？
03:26
The effects that you're having with the device,
77
190491
2105
你使用一個裝置帶來的影響
03:28
like less fuel,
78
192596
1417
譬如說減少耗油
03:29
as well as the effects of the actual tools you're using
79
194013
2783
或是透過使用該裝置
03:32
to get people to do things --
80
196796
2032
來使別人做事而帶來的效果
03:34
public recognition.
81
198828
1583
也就是公共認可
03:36
Now is that all -- intention, effect?
82
200411
2950
這是用意還是影響？
03:39
Well there are some technologies
83
203361
1520
事實上有些科技
03:40
which obviously combine both.
84
204881
1734
結合了兩者
03:42
Both good long-term and short-term effects
85
206615
2365
長期和短期的正面影響
03:44
and a positive intention like Fred Stutzman's Freedom,
86
208980
3052
結合了正面的用意 像Fred Stutzman's Freedom,
03:47
where the whole point of that application
87
212032
1559
這個程式的用處在於
03:49
is, well, we're usually so bombarded
88
213591
3271
我們不是常常被
03:52
with calls and requests by other people,
89
216862
1201
電話和其他人的請求疲勞轟炸嗎
03:53
with this device you can shut off the Internet connectivity
90
218063
2616
有了這個裝置你就可以
03:56
of your PC of choice for a preset amount of time
91
220679
3384
把網路和你的個人電腦関掉一段時間
03:59
to actually get some work done.
92
224063
2200
讓你可以專心完成一些事
04:02
And I think most of us will agree,
93
226263
1333
我們大部分的人會同意
04:03
well that's something well intended
94
227596
1449
這個的用意是好的
04:04
and also has good consequences.
95
229045
2117
而產生的結果也是好的
04:07
In the words of Michel Foucault,
96
231162
2117
用Michel Foucault （法國現代哲學家）的話來説
04:09
"It is a technology of the self."
97
233279
2217
“那是個自我的科技”
04:11
It is a technology that empowers the individual
98
235496
2351
那是個能激勵個人
04:13
to determine its own life course,
99
237847
2348
來決定自己的生活路綫
04:16
to shape itself.
100
240195
1884
和塑造自己
04:17
But the problem is,
101
242079
1116
但是問題在於
04:19
as Foucault points out,
102
243195
1801
如同 Foucault 所指出的
04:20
that every technology of the self
103
244996
1799
任何一個自我的科技
04:22
has a technology of domination as its flip side.
104
246795
3167
在其背後都有一支配的科技
04:25
As you see in today's modern liberal democracies,
105
249962
4334
如你當今在現代自由的民主裏所看到的
04:30
the society, the state,
106
254296
2119
社會國家
04:32
not only allows us to determine our self, to shape our self,
107
256415
4379
不止讓我們決定自己塑造自己
04:36
it also demands it of us.
108
260794
1818
同時也要求我們這麽做
04:38
It demands that we optimize ourselves,
109
262612
2334
要求我們要使自己盡善盡美
04:40
that we control ourselves,
110
264946
1550
要求我們要控制我們自己
04:42
that we self-manage continuously
111
266496
2449
要求我們要不斷地自我管理
04:44
because that's the only way
112
268945
1801
因爲這是讓自由社會能運行的
04:46
in which such a liberal society works.
113
270746
2715
唯一方法
04:49
These technologies want us to stay in the game
114
273461
4293
這些科技要我們留在
04:53
that society has devised for us.
115
277754
2642
社會為我們設計的遊戲裏
04:56
They want us to fit in even better.
116
280396
2465
我們被要求必須更完美地融入
04:58
They want us to optimize ourselves to fit in.
117
282861
2859
我們必須使自己完美來融入
05:01
Now I don't say that is necessarily a bad thing.
118
285720
3530
我不是在說這是件壞事
05:05
I just think that this example
119
289250
2633
我只是覺得這個例子
05:07
points us to a general realization,
120
291883
2316
為我們指出了一般性的領悟
05:10
and that is no matter what technology or design you look at,
121
294199
3719
也就是不管什麽設計或是科技
05:13
even something we consider as well intended and as good in its effects --
122
297918
5066
或是我們覺得用意和影響都好的東西
05:18
like Stutzman's Freedom --
123
302984
1233
像 Stutzman's Freedom
05:20
comes with certain values embedded in it.
124
304217
2700
都會有一些内定的價值
05:22
And we can question these values.
125
306917
1683
我們可以對這些價值存疑
05:24
We can question: Is it a good thing
126
308600
1931
我們可以問：不斷地要求我們自己
05:26
that all of us continuously self-optimize ourselves
127
310531
3883
做到盡善盡美來進一步融入社會
05:30
to fit better into that society?
128
314414
1902
這是一件好事嗎？
05:32
Or to give you another example,
129
316316
1499
再擧另一個例子
05:33
what about a piece of persuasive technology
130
317815
1884
例如一個勸説穆斯林婦女
05:35
that convinces Muslim women to wear their headscarves?
131
319699
3700
戴頭巾的科技
05:39
Is that a good or a bad technology
132
323399
2284
就其用意和影響來説
05:41
in its intentions or in its effects?
133
325683
2516
這是好還是壞的科技？
05:44
Well that basically depends
134
328199
1400
這個其實是決定在
05:45
on the kind of values that you bring to bear
135
329599
2684
你做出這樣的判斷時
05:48
to make these kinds of judgments.
136
332283
2116
基於什麽樣的價值？
05:50
So that's a third question:
137
334399
2034
所以第三個問題是
05:52
What values do you use to judge?
138
336433
1552
你作判斷時基於的價值是什麽？
05:53
And speaking of values,
139
337985
1849
談到價值
05:55
I've noticed that in the discussion about moral persuasion online,
140
339834
3286
我注意到在網路上討論道德勸説時
05:59
and when I'm talking with people,
141
343120
1798
或我和人們談話時
06:00
more often than not there is a weird bias.
142
344918
2789
常常會有個奇怪的偏差
06:03
And that bias is that we're asking,
143
347707
3260
這個偏差就是
06:06
is this or that "still" ethical?
144
350967
3117
我們會問這還是符合道德的嗎？
06:09
Is it "still" permissible?
145
354084
2334
這是否還是被允許的？
06:12
We're asking things like,
146
356418
1268
我們會問 譬如說
06:13
Is this Oxfam donation form --
147
357686
2266
Oxfam（慈善組織）的捐款單上
06:15
where the regular monthly donation is the preset default
148
359952
3016
預設的捐款頻率是設為每個月
06:18
and people, maybe without intending it,
149
362968
2084
一般人在不注意的情況下
06:20
are that way encouraged or nudged
150
365052
2815
會被引導至每月定期捐款
06:23
into giving a regular donation instead of a one-time donation --
151
367867
2397
而不是一次性捐款
06:26
is that still permissible?
152
370264
1366
這是可允許的嗎？
06:27
Is it still ethical?
153
371630
1386
這是道德的嗎？
06:28
We're fishing at the low end.
154
373016
1684
我們舉出的是極端的例子
06:30
But in fact, that question
155
374700
1877
但事實上這個問題
06:32
"Is it still ethical?"
156
376577
910
“這還道德嗎？”
06:33
is just one way of looking at ethics.
157
377487
2330
只是另一個看道德的方式
06:35
Because if you look at the beginning of ethics
158
379817
2591
因爲如果你看看西方文化裏
06:38
in Western culture,
159
382408
2225
道德的起源
06:40
you see a very different idea
160
384633
2165
你會看到
06:42
of what ethics also could be.
161
386798
1536
道德也會有很不同的面貌
06:44
For Aristotle, ethics was not about the question,
162
388334
4098
對亞裏士多德而言
06:48
is that still good, or is it bad?
163
392432
2485
道德不單只是“是或不是”的問題
06:50
Ethics was about the question of how to live life well.
164
394917
3450
道德還是如何活得好
06:54
And he put that in the word "arete,"
165
398367
2162
他用了arete這個字
06:56
which we, from the [Ancient Greek], translate as "virtue."
166
400529
2921
在古希臘文裏被翻譯成道德
06:59
But really it means excellence.
167
403450
1625
但事實上應該解釋為優秀
07:00
It means living up to your own full potential
168
405075
3999
意思是將你的身為人類的才能
07:04
as a human being.
169
409074
2228
發揮到極致
07:07
And that is an idea
170
411302
1184
而在最近的一篇散文裏
07:08
that, I think, that Paul Richard Buchanan nicely put in a recent essay
171
412486
3506
Paul Richard Buchanan很適切地提到
07:11
where he said, "Products are vivid arguments
172
415992
2451
產品是用來説明我們
07:14
about how we should live our lives."
173
418443
2098
該如何生活的生動的論點
07:16
Our designs are not ethical or unethical
174
420541
2886
我們的設計不管是否使用道德的論點來勸説
07:19
in that they're using ethical or unethical means of persuading us.
175
423427
4614
這都無關道德
07:23
They have a moral component
176
428041
1567
在它們展現給我們的方式裏
07:25
just in the kind of vision and the aspiration of the good life
177
429608
4089
在它們對好的生活方式的洞察力和啓發裏
07:29
that they present to us.
178
433697
2696
它們都有一個道德的部分
07:32
And if you look into the designed environment around us
179
436393
3315
而且如果你透過這樣的鏡頭
07:35
with that kind of lens,
180
439708
1196
來檢視我們所設計的環境
07:36
asking, "What is the vision of the good life
181
440904
2221
並問道“我們的產品和設計要呈現給我們的
07:39
that our products, our design, present to us?",
182
443125
3018
好的生活的觀點是什麽？“
07:42
then you often get the shivers,
183
446143
2300
那你會不寒而慄
07:44
because of how little we expect of each other,
184
448443
2352
因爲你會發現我們對互相的期待
07:46
of how little we actually seem to expect
185
450795
2718
和對我們的生活及希望的好生活的期待
07:49
of our life and what the good life looks like.
186
453513
3583
是如此的少
07:52
So that's the fourth question I'd like to leave you with:
187
457096
3801
那麽就提到第四個問題
07:56
What vision of the good life
188
460897
1483
你的設計要帶來的
07:58
do your designs convey?
189
462380
3665
對好生活的洞察力是什麽？
08:01
And speaking of design,
190
466045
1102
談到設計
08:03
you notice that I already broadened the discussion.
191
467147
3732
你會發現我已經將討論範圍擴大了
08:06
Because it's not just persuasive technology that we're talking about here,
192
470879
4735
因爲我們談得不止是勸服的科技
08:11
it's any piece of design that we put out here in the world.
193
475614
4200
那還可以是這世上任何的設計
08:15
I don't know whether you know
194
479814
1382
我不曉得你知不知道
08:17
the great communication researcher Paul Watzlawick
195
481196
1668
偉大的溝通學大師 Paul Watzlawick
08:18
who, back in the '60s, made the argument
196
482864
1848
早在60年代就提出說
08:20
we cannot not communicate.
197
484712
1335
我們無法不溝通
08:21
Even if we choose to be silent,
198
486047
2533
即使我們選擇沉默
08:24
we chose to be silent. We're communicating something by choosing to be silent.
199
488580
4397
即便沉默，我們還是用沉默在溝通
08:28
And in the same way that we cannot not communicate,
200
492977
2604
如果我們不能不溝通的話，同理可知
08:31
we cannot not persuade.
201
495581
1517
我們就無法不勸說
08:32
Whatever we do or refrain from doing,
202
497098
2299
不管我們做一件事或是不做一件事
08:35
whatever we put out there as a piece of design
203
499397
2866
在這世上
08:38
into the world
204
502263
1267
所有我們的設計
08:39
has a persuasive component.
205
503530
2284
都帶有勸説的一部分
08:41
It tries to affect people.
206
505814
2116
要來試著影響人們
08:43
It puts a certain vision of the good life
207
507930
2184
它將一定的美好生活的觀點
08:46
out there in front of us.
208
510114
1337
呈現在我們面前
08:47
Which is what Peter-Paul Verbeek,
209
511451
1986
正如 Peter-Paul Verbeek
08:49
the Dutch philosopher of technology, says.
210
513437
2146
荷蘭的科技哲學家所言
08:51
No matter whether we as designers intend it or not,
211
515583
4566
身為設計師不管我們有意或無意
08:56
we materialize morality.
212
520149
1764
我們將道德實體化
08:57
We make certain things harder and easier to do.
213
521913
3051
我們將一些事變得更難也更容易
09:00
We organize the existence of people.
214
524964
1950
我們組織人們的生存
09:02
We put a certain vision of what good or bad
215
526914
2750
透過我們設計出來的東西
09:05
or normal or usual is in front of people
216
529664
3368
我們將一些判定好壞異常的觀點
09:08
by everything we put out there in the world.
217
533032
2549
擺在人們的眼前
09:11
Even something as innocuous as a set of school chairs
218
535581
3516
就連一組學校的座椅這麽平常的東西
09:14
is a persuasive technology.
219
539097
1434
也是一種勸説的科技
09:16
Because it presents and materializes
220
540531
2816
因爲這展現了也實體化了
09:19
a certain vision of the good life --
221
543347
1934
一定的美好生活的觀點
09:21
the good life in which teaching and learning and listening
222
545281
3482
在這個美好生活裏的教學聽課
09:24
is about one person teaching, the others listening,
223
548763
2935
定義為是一個人教 一群人聼
09:27
in which it is about, learning is done while sitting,
224
551698
3752
學要坐著學
09:31
in which you learn for yourself,
225
555450
2230
是為你自己而學
09:33
in which you're not supposed to change these rules
226
557680
2250
而不該去改變規則
09:35
because the chairs are fixed to the ground.
227
559930
3250
因爲椅子是固定在地上
09:39
And even something as innocuous as a single design chair --
228
563180
3383
即使是一張無辜的名家設計的椅子
09:42
like this one by Arne Jacobsen --
229
566563
1301
像這張 Arne Jacobsen 的椅子
09:43
is a persuasive technology.
230
567864
1701
也是勸説的科技
09:45
Because, again, it communicates an idea of the good life.
231
569565
3415
因爲它傳遞了美好生活的觀點
09:48
A good life --
232
572980
1499
一個美好的生活
09:50
a life that you say you as a designer consent to
233
574479
2201
根據設計師所說的
09:52
by saying, "In the good life,
234
576680
2087
在美好生活裏
09:54
goods are produced as sustainably or unsustainably as this chair.
235
578767
4014
物品就像這張椅子永續或非永續地被生産
09:58
Workers are treated as well or as badly
236
582781
2622
工人就像生産這張椅子的工人一樣
10:01
as the workers were treated who built that chair."
237
585403
2644
很好或不好地被對待
10:03
The good life is a life where design is important
238
588047
2333
在美好生活裏設計是重要的
10:06
because somebody obviously took the time and spent the money
239
590380
2734
因爲有人花了時間和金錢
10:09
for that kind of well-designed chair,
240
593114
1864
投注在那樣的好的設計的椅子
10:10
where tradition is important
241
594978
1419
美好生活裏傳統是重要的
10:12
because this is a traditional classic
242
596397
1801
因爲這是傳統經典
10:14
and someone cared about this,
243
598198
1512
而且有人重視這件事
10:15
and where there is something as conspicuous consumption,
244
599710
1952
美好生活裏該有明顯的消費
10:17
where it is okay and normal
245
601662
1568
在美好生活裏將一大筆錢
10:19
to spend a humungous amount of money on such a chair
246
603230
3019
花在這樣的椅子上讓別人知道你的社會地位
10:22
to signal to other people what your social status is.
247
606249
3415
這是正常的是可以的
10:25
So these are the kinds of layers, the kinds of questions
248
609664
3167
所以我今天想要帶給你的
10:28
I wanted to lead you through today --
249
612831
1753
就是這一類的問題
10:30
the question of, What are the intentions
250
614584
2148
像：你在設計東西時
10:32
that you bring to bear when you're designing something?
251
616732
2466
你的出發點用意是什麽？
10:35
What are the effects, intended and unintended, that you're having?
252
619198
3500
你的設計有意和無意的效果是什麽？
10:38
What are the values you're using
253
622698
1565
而你用來判定這些的價值觀
10:40
to judge those?
254
624263
1352
又是什麽？
10:41
What are the virtues, the aspirations
255
625615
1467
你的設計所展現的
10:42
that you're actually expressing in that?
256
627082
2719
優點和啓發是什麽？
10:45
And how does that apply,
257
629801
2095
這些又如何被應用
10:47
not just to persuasive technology,
258
631896
1992
在你所設計的一切
10:49
but to everything you design?
259
633888
2334
而不只是勸説科技上？
10:52
Do we stop there?
260
636222
1902
問題就此打住了嗎？
10:54
I don't think so.
261
638124
1633
我並不如此認爲
10:55
I think that all of these things are eventually informed
262
639757
4465
這一切的一切都是由
11:00
by the core of all of this --
263
644222
1718
其核心所傳遞出來的
11:01
and this is nothing but life itself.
264
645940
3115
那就是生活
11:04
Why, when the question of what the good life is
265
649055
2900
當我們問到什麽是美好生活
11:07
informs everything that we design,
266
651955
2351
這可從我們設計的一切事物看出
11:10
should we stop at design and not ask ourselves,
267
654306
2583
但爲什麽我們就只看到設計
11:12
how does it apply to our own life?
268
656889
2733
而不進一步問這設計如何能應用在我們的生活上？
11:15
"Why should the lamp or the house be an art object,
269
659622
2735
為什麽燈或屋子是一個藝術品
11:18
but not our life?"
270
662357
1231
而我們的生活不是？
11:19
as Michel Foucault puts it.
271
663588
1616
如同 Michel Foucault 曾經這麽說過
11:21
Just to give you a practical example of Buster Benson.
272
665204
3551
這裡我給你一個 Buster Benson 的具體例子
11:24
This is Buster setting up a pull-up machine
273
668755
2515
他在他的新的 Habit 實驗室
11:27
at the office of his new startup Habit Labs,
274
671270
2453
設立一個引體向上的機器
11:29
where they're trying to build up other applications
275
673723
2017
他們試著為人們來研發其他像
11:31
like Health Month for people.
276
675740
1982
Health Month 的應用程式
11:33
And why is he building a thing like this?
277
677722
2580
他爲什麽要建這樣的機器？
11:36
Well here is the set of axioms
278
680302
2005
這裡是一組Buster建立的
11:38
that Habit Labs, Buster's startup, put up for themselves
279
682307
3203
Habit Lab 工作人員的座右銘
11:41
on how they wanted to work together as a team
280
685510
3121
這是一些他們希望
11:44
when they're building these applications --
281
688631
1824
當他們在一起工作時
11:46
a set of moral principles they set themselves
282
690455
2052
一起設計這些應用程式時
11:48
for working together --
283
692507
1748
該一起遵守的道德規範
11:50
and one of them being,
284
694255
1398
這些座右銘其中一條是
11:51
"We take care of our own health and manage our own burnout."
285
695653
3082
“我們照顧自己的健康和管理自己的爆肝”
11:54
Because ultimately how can you ask yourselves
286
698735
3750
因爲最終地來説
11:58
and how can you find an answer
287
702485
1467
如果你不先去問問自己
11:59
on what vision of the good life
288
703952
2300
你自己想要的美好生活的
12:02
you want to convey and create with your designs
289
706252
3101
觀點是什麽
12:05
without asking the question,
290
709353
1682
你如何能知道
12:06
what vision of the good life
291
711035
1484
你的設計想要傳遞和創造的
12:08
do you yourself want to live?
292
712519
2900
美好生活的觀點是什麽？
12:11
And with that, I thank you.
293
715419
4250
就此結束演講 謝謝大家
12:15
(Applause)
294
719669
2963
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Deterding - DesignerSebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design.
Why you should listen
Sebastian Deterding is a designer and researcher working on user experience, video games, persuasive technology and gameful design. He is interested in how code shapes conduct -- and how to put that knowledge into practice. He is a PhD researcher in Communication at the Graduate School of the Research Center for Media and Communication, Hamburg University. He is also an affiliated researcher at the Hans Bredow Institute for Media Research in Hamburg, and works as an independent user experience designer.
Sebastian Deterding | Speaker | TED.com