ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.

Why you should listen

Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."

A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.

More profile about the speaker
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com
TED Talks Education

Sir Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley

肯尼羅賓森 (Ken Robinson): 如何逃出教育的死亡谷

Filmed:
9,881,283 views

肯尼羅賓森爵士 (Sir Ken Robinson) 列舉了讓人活得精彩的三大法則-以及目前教育文化如何與之背道而馳。透過幽默、啓發性的談話,他告訴我們如何逃出目前教育所面臨的「死亡谷」,以及如何以開放的文化氛圍培育年輕的一代。
- Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Thank you very much.
0
1942
3163
謝謝大家
00:17
I moved移動 to America美國 12 years年份 ago
1
5105
2221
我12年前搬到美國
00:19
with my wife妻子 Terry特里 and our two kids孩子.
2
7326
2026
與我的妻子泰瑞和兩個孩子
00:21
Actually其實, truthfully如實, we moved移動 to Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯 -- (Laughter笑聲) --
3
9352
6436
其實我們是搬到洛杉磯 (笑聲)
00:27
thinking思維 we were moving移動 to America美國,
4
15788
1757
還以為我們搬到了美國
00:29
but anyway無論如何, it's a short plane平面 ride from Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯
5
17545
6420
反正,從洛杉磯到美國
00:35
to America美國.
6
23965
2881
坐飛機也用不了多久
00:38
I got here 12 years年份 ago,
7
26846
2213
我 12 年前來到這裡
00:41
and when I got here, I was told various各個 things,
8
29059
3810
剛到的時候,聽過各種說法
00:44
like, "Americans美國人 don't get irony諷刺."
9
32869
5450
例如「美國人聽不懂諷刺」
00:50
Have you come across橫過 this idea理念?
10
38319
2820
你們聽說過這個說法嗎?
00:53
It's not true真正. I've traveled旅行 the whole整個 length長度 and breadth寬度 of this country國家.
11
41139
3081
但這不是真的,我旅行全美各地
00:56
I have found發現 no evidence證據 that Americans美國人 don't get irony諷刺.
12
44220
3259
完全不認為美國人聽不懂諷刺
00:59
It's one of those cultural文化 myths神話,
13
47479
2595
這就是所謂的文化迷思
01:02
like, "The British英國的 are reserved保留的."
14
50074
4044
還有人說「英國人很保守」
01:06
I don't know why people think this.
15
54118
2337
我不知為何有人這麼想
01:08
We've我們已經 invaded入侵 every一切 country國家 we've我們已經 encountered遇到.
16
56455
2511
我們侵略每個遇到的國家
01:10
(Laughter笑聲)
17
58966
3636
(笑聲)
01:14
But it's not true真正 Americans美國人 don't get irony諷刺,
18
62602
2524
說美國人聽不懂諷刺,絕對是假的
01:17
but I just want you to know that that's what people
19
65126
2496
我只想讓你們知道
01:19
are saying about you behind背後 your back.
20
67622
1475
別人在背後怎麼說你們
01:21
You know, so when you leave離開 living活的 rooms客房 in Europe歐洲,
21
69097
3319
當美國人在歐洲起身離開客廳
01:24
people say, thankfully感激地, nobody沒有人 was ironic具有諷刺意味 in your presence存在.
22
72416
4473
大家會說,還好沒人當你的面諷刺
01:28
But I knew知道 that Americans美國人 get irony諷刺
23
76889
2730
我知道美國人完全了解諷刺
01:31
when I came來了 across橫過 that legislation立法 No Child兒童 Left Behind背後.
24
79619
5555
就在我聽到「沒有孩子落後」時
(有教無類法案 No Child Left Behind)
01:37
Because whoever thought of that title標題 gets得到 irony諷刺,
25
85174
5017
命名者一定了解什麼叫諷刺
01:42
don't they, because --
26
90191
1852
不是嗎,因為…
01:44
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲) —
27
92043
5823
(笑聲)(掌聲)
01:49
because it's leaving離開 millions百萬 of children孩子 behind背後.
28
97866
3547
因為幾百萬孩子落後了
01:53
Now I can see that's not a very attractive有吸引力 name名稱 for legislation立法:
29
101413
3171
如果法案叫做「百萬孩子落後」
01:56
Millions百萬 of Children孩子 Left Behind背後. I can see that.
30
104584
3624
也不合適,這我明白
02:00
What's the plan計劃? Well, we propose提出
31
108208
1205
我們打算怎麼做呢?我們建議
02:01
to leave離開 millions百萬 of children孩子 behind背後,
32
109413
1597
讓百萬孩子落後
02:03
and here's這裡的 how it's going to work.
33
111010
2479
我們這麼做
02:05
And it's working加工 beautifully精美.
34
113489
2987
而且成效顯著
02:08
In some parts部分 of the country國家,
35
116476
1194
美國的某些地區
02:09
60 percent百分 of kids孩子 drop下降 out of high school學校.
36
117670
4007
60% 的孩子從高中輟學
02:13
In the Native本地人 American美國 communities社區,
37
121677
1498
美國原住民社區
02:15
it's 80 percent百分 of kids孩子.
38
123175
2228
輟學率更高達 80%
02:17
If we halved減半 that number, one estimate估計 is
39
125403
4213
若能把數字減半,預計
02:21
it would create創建 a net gain獲得 to the U.S. economy經濟
40
129616
4434
會對美國經濟
02:26
over 10 years年份 of nearly幾乎 a trillion dollars美元.
41
134050
4852
十年內貢獻淨值近一兆美元
02:30
From an economic經濟 point of view視圖,
42
138902
1646
從經濟角度來看
02:32
this is good math數學, isn't it, that we should do this?
43
140548
3241
非常划算,對吧?
那是不是該做呢?
02:35
It actually其實 costs成本 an enormous巨大 amount
44
143789
2349
要花極高成本
02:38
to mop拖把 up the damage損傷 from the dropout退出 crisis危機.
45
146138
4162
才能解決輟學危機的傷害
02:42
But the dropout退出 crisis危機 is just the tip小費 of an iceberg冰山.
46
150300
3729
但輟學危機只是冰山一角
02:46
What it doesn't count計數 are all the kids孩子 who are in school學校
47
154029
2250
還沒包括人在學校
02:48
but being存在 disengaged脫開 from it, who don't enjoy請享用 it,
48
156279
4067
但心不在學校的孩子
他們不喜歡上學
02:52
who don't get any real真實 benefit效益 from it.
49
160346
3090
也沒從學校獲益
02:55
And the reason原因 is
50
163436
1539
根本原因
02:56
not that we're not spending開支 enough足夠 money.
51
164975
1639
不是經費不足
02:58
America美國 spends more money on education教育
52
166614
1917
美國花在教育的投資
03:00
than most other countries國家.
53
168531
1572
比世界上大多數國家都多
03:02
Class sizes大小 are smaller than in many許多 countries國家.
54
170103
3426
班級人數也較少
03:05
And there are hundreds數以百計 of initiatives倡議 every一切 year
55
173529
2438
每年有幾百件方案
03:07
to try and improve提高 education教育.
56
175967
2277
嘗試改善教育
03:10
The trouble麻煩 is, it's all going in the wrong錯誤 direction方向.
57
178244
4521
問題是,這些嘗試都走錯了方向
03:14
There are three principles原則
58
182765
1169
有三大法則
03:15
on which哪一個 human人的 life flourishes一夜暴富,
59
183934
3430
讓人活得精彩
03:19
and they are contradicted矛盾 by the culture文化 of education教育
60
187364
4011
現有教育文化卻背道而馳,因此
03:23
under which哪一個 most teachers教師 have to labor勞動
61
191375
2277
老師教得辛苦
03:25
and most students學生們 have to endure忍受.
62
193652
3324
學生學得痛苦
03:28
The first is this, that human人的 beings眾生
63
196976
2564
第一項法則是:
03:31
are naturally自然 different不同 and diverse多種.
64
199540
4688
人類天生就各不相同
03:36
Can I ask you, how many許多 of you
65
204228
1301
請問一下
03:37
have got children孩子 of your own擁有?
66
205529
3225
在座多少人有子女?
03:40
Okay. Or grandchildren孫子.
67
208754
3151
有孫子或孫女嗎?
03:43
How about two children孩子 or more? Right.
68
211905
3740
有兩位以上子女的?好
03:47
And the rest休息 of you have seen看到 such這樣 children孩子.
69
215645
2007
其他人應該也看過小孩吧
03:49
(Laughter笑聲)
70
217652
2873
(笑聲)
03:52
Small people wandering飄零 about.
71
220525
3017
不管哪裡都有小孩
03:55
I will make you a bet賭注,
72
223542
2094
我跟各位打賭
03:57
and I am confident信心 that I will win贏得 the bet賭注.
73
225636
1430
我一定會贏
03:59
If you've got two children孩子 or more,
74
227066
2485
如果你有兩位以上子女
04:01
I bet賭注 you they are completely全然 different不同 from each other.
75
229551
3829
我打賭他們一定截然不同
04:05
Aren't是不是 they? Aren't是不是 they? (Applause掌聲)
76
233380
4371
對吧?對吧?(掌聲)
04:09
You would never confuse迷惑 them, would you?
77
237751
2603
你永遠不會搞混,對吧?
04:12
Like, "Which哪一個 one are you? Remind提醒 me.
78
240354
4577
你不會說「提醒我誰是哥哥?
04:16
Your mother母親 and I are going to introduce介紹
79
244931
1332
你媽和我打算用顏色區別,
04:18
some color-coding顏色編碼 system系統, so we don't get confused困惑."
80
246263
3259
免得把你們搞混了。」
04:21
Education教育 under No Child兒童 Left Behind背後
81
249522
3252
「有教無類法案」所倡導的教育
04:24
is based基於 on not diversity多樣 but conformity一致性.
82
252774
5044
並非基於多樣性,而是要統一
04:29
What schools學校 are encouraged鼓勵 to do is to find out
83
257818
2558
學校只被要求
04:32
what kids孩子 can do across橫過 a very narrow狹窄 spectrum光譜 of achievement成就.
84
260376
4360
在狹窄範圍內探索學生潛力
04:36
One of the effects效果 of No Child兒童 Left Behind背後
85
264736
2394
「有教無類法案」的影響之一是
04:39
has been to narrow狹窄 the focus焦點
86
267130
1956
只重視數理主科
04:41
onto the so-called所謂 STEM disciplines學科. They're very important重要.
87
269086
3749
這些學科很重要
04:44
I'm not here to argue爭論 against反對 science科學 and math數學.
88
272835
2119
我不是要說,科學及數學不重要
04:46
On the contrary相反, they're necessary必要 but they're not sufficient足夠.
89
274954
4224
它們很重要,只是還不夠
04:51
A real真實 education教育 has to give equal等於 weight重量
90
279178
2199
真正的教育應同樣重視
04:53
to the arts藝術, the humanities人文, to physical物理 education教育.
91
281377
3737
藝術、人文、體育
04:57
An awful可怕 lot of kids孩子, sorry, thank you — (Applause掌聲) —
92
285114
7184
許多孩子,抱歉,謝謝…(掌聲)
05:04
One estimate估計 in America美國 currently目前 is that
93
292298
2912
據估計目前在美國
05:07
something like 10 percent百分 of kids孩子, getting得到 on that way,
94
295210
2656
約有 10% 的孩子
05:09
are being存在 diagnosed確診 with various各個 conditions條件
95
297866
4314
被診斷出各種症狀
05:14
under the broad廣闊 title標題 of attention注意 deficit赤字 disorder紊亂.
96
302180
4322
結果一律被稱為
注意力不足障礙 (ADD)
05:18
ADHD多動症. I'm not saying there's no such這樣 thing.
97
306502
3677
或 注意力不足過動症 (ADHD)
我不是說這種病不存在
05:22
I just don't believe it's an epidemic疫情 like this.
98
310179
2975
但我不相信會如此盛行
05:25
If you sit kids孩子 down, hour小時 after hour小時,
99
313154
2816
如果讓孩子坐好幾小時
05:27
doing low-grade低等級 clerical牧師 work,
100
315970
3176
不用頭腦,只是機械性抄寫
05:31
don't be surprised詫異 if they start開始 to fidget煩躁不安的人, you know?
101
319146
3289
坐不住是很正常的
05:34
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲)
102
322435
7478
(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:41
Children孩子 are not, for the most part部分,
103
329913
2409
大多數的孩子
05:44
suffering痛苦 from a psychological心理 condition條件.
104
332322
1868
並沒有心理問題
05:46
They're suffering痛苦 from childhood童年. (Laughter笑聲)
105
334190
6189
只是因為童年而受煎熬 (笑聲)
05:52
And I know this because I spent花費 my early life
106
340379
2073
我知道,因為我也經歷過童年
05:54
as a child兒童. I went through通過 the whole整個 thing.
107
342452
3854
而且是完整經歷過
05:58
Kids童裝 prosper繁榮 best最好 with a broad廣闊 curriculum課程
108
346306
3009
孩子要茁壯,該有廣泛課程
06:01
that celebrates慶祝 their various各個 talents人才,
109
349315
2408
開發他們不同的天分
06:03
not just a small range範圍 of them.
110
351723
1637
而不是只有其中幾科
06:05
And by the way, the arts藝術 aren't just important重要
111
353360
2150
順帶一提,藝術的重要性
06:07
because they improve提高 math數學 scores分數.
112
355510
1274
不是數學可以考高分
06:08
They're important重要 because they speak說話 to parts部分
113
356784
1851
而在於可和孩子一些
06:10
of children's兒童 being存在 which哪一個 are otherwise除此以外 untouched不變.
114
358635
3515
本來碰觸不到的部分對話
06:14
The second第二, thank you — (Applause掌聲)
115
362150
6412
第二項…謝謝… (掌聲)
06:20
The second第二 principle原理 that drives驅動器 human人的 life flourishing芊芊
116
368562
4163
要活得精彩,第二項法則是:
06:24
is curiosity好奇心.
117
372725
1630
好奇心
06:26
If you can light the spark火花 of curiosity好奇心 in a child兒童,
118
374355
3375
如果你能激發孩子的好奇心
06:29
they will learn學習 without any further進一步 assistance幫助, very often經常.
119
377730
3613
通常不用幫忙,他就會主動學習
06:33
Children孩子 are natural自然 learners學習者.
120
381343
2205
孩子天生就會學習
06:35
It's a real真實 achievement成就 to put that particular特定 ability能力 out,
121
383548
4316
無論是激發或扼殺這項能力
06:39
or to stifle窒息 it.
122
387864
2146
都會產生巨大影響
06:42
Curiosity好奇心 is the engine發動機 of achievement成就.
123
390010
4225
好奇心是成就的火車頭
06:46
Now the reason原因 I say this is because
124
394235
2252
我會這麼說是因為
06:48
one of the effects效果 of the current當前 culture文化 here, if I can say so,
125
396487
4392
我大膽的說,當前文化的影響之一
06:52
has been to de-professionalize去專業化 teachers教師.
126
400879
3819
是剝奪了教師的專業性
06:56
There is no system系統 in the world世界
127
404698
2352
世界上沒有哪個教育體系的品質、
06:59
or any school學校 in the country國家
128
407050
2880
沒有哪個學校的品質,
07:01
that is better than its teachers教師.
129
409930
3098
能超過其教師的品質
07:05
Teachers教師 are the lifeblood命脈 of the success成功 of schools學校.
130
413028
4608
教師是學校成功的關鍵
07:09
But teaching教學 is a creative創作的 profession職業.
131
417636
2979
教書是需要創造力的職業
07:12
Teaching教學, properly正確 conceived設想, is not a delivery交貨 system系統.
132
420615
3433
好的老師不只是傳遞知識
07:16
You know, you're not there just to pass通過 on received收到 information信息.
133
424048
2893
不只是把收到的資訊傳下去
07:18
Great teachers教師 do that,
134
426941
2557
好的老師不但傳授知識
07:21
but what great teachers教師 also do is mentor導師,
135
429498
2863
更是良師益友
07:24
stimulate刺激, provoke, engage從事.
136
432361
3508
刺激、誘導、吸引
07:27
You see, in the end結束, education教育 is about learning學習.
137
435869
2813
歸根究柢,教育的核心是
學生主動學習
07:30
If there's no learning學習 going on,
138
438682
1720
沒有學習
07:32
there's no education教育 going on.
139
440402
1637
就沒有教育
07:34
And people can spend an awful可怕 lot of time
140
442039
1842
人們花了太多時間
07:35
discussing討論 education教育 without ever discussing討論 learning學習.
141
443881
2416
只談教育、不談學習
07:38
The whole整個 point of education教育 is to get people to learn學習.
142
446297
2889
教育的目的就是讓人主動學習
07:41
A friend朋友 of mine, an old friend朋友 -- actually其實 very old,
143
449186
2689
我有個朋友,老朋友-真的很老
07:43
he's dead. (Laughter笑聲)
144
451875
3797
已經死了 (笑聲)
07:47
That's as old as it gets得到, I'm afraid害怕.
145
455672
5729
人最老也不過如此
07:53
But a wonderful精彩 guy he was, wonderful精彩 philosopher哲學家.
146
461401
5336
他是個了不起的人
是個偉大的哲學家
07:58
He used to talk about the difference區別 between之間 the task任務
147
466737
3012
他曾談到,「進行」一件事
08:01
and achievement成就 senses感官 of verbs動詞.
148
469749
4069
和「完成」一件事,意義大不相同
08:05
You know, you can be engaged訂婚 in the activity活動 of something,
149
473818
1804
你可以進行著某件事
08:07
but not really be achieving實現 it,
150
475622
1591
但沒有成果
08:09
like dieting節食. It's a very good example, you know.
151
477213
4652
像節食就是個很好的例子
08:13
There he is. He's dieting節食. Is he losing失去 any weight重量? Not really.
152
481865
4666
他一直節食,體重有減輕嗎?沒有
08:18
Teaching教學 is a word like that.
153
486531
1313
教學也是這樣
08:19
You can say, "There's Deborah黛博拉, she's in room房間 34, she's teaching教學."
154
487844
3972
你可以說,「戴老師在教室教書」
08:23
But if nobody's沒有人是 learning學習 anything,
155
491816
1735
但如果沒人學到東西
08:25
she may可能 be engaged訂婚 in the task任務 of teaching教學
156
493551
1799
他就只是在「進行」教學
08:27
but not actually其實 fulfilling履行 it.
157
495350
3069
但沒有真正「完成」教學任務
08:30
The role角色 of a teacher老師 is to facilitate促進 learning學習. That's it.
158
498419
3847
教師的角色是促進學習,這是重點
08:34
And part部分 of the problem問題 is, I think,
159
502266
2313
我認為部分問題在於
08:36
that the dominant優勢 culture文化 of education教育 has come to focus焦點
160
504579
3456
教育的主流文化重視的
08:40
on not teaching教學 and learning學習, but testing測試.
161
508035
3668
不是教與學,而是考試
08:43
Now, testing測試 is important重要. Standardized標準化 tests測試 have a place地點.
162
511703
3698
考試很重要的,標準化測驗有必要
08:47
But they should not be the dominant優勢 culture文化 of education教育.
163
515401
3314
但不該主導教育文化
08:50
They should be diagnostic診斷. They should help.
164
518715
1858
考試應該是診斷、是輔助
08:52
(Applause掌聲)
165
520573
7566
(掌聲)
09:00
If I go for a medical examination檢查,
166
528139
2464
如果我參加體檢
09:02
I want some standardized標準化 tests測試. I do.
167
530603
3584
我當然也要做常規檢驗
09:06
You know, I want to know what my cholesterol膽固醇 level水平 is
168
534187
1671
我想知道我的膽固醇指數
09:07
compared相比 to everybody每個人 else's別人的 on a standard標準 scale規模.
169
535858
2688
在標準尺度下和他人的比較
09:10
I don't want to be told on some scale規模
170
538546
1438
我不想參考
09:11
my doctor醫生 invented發明 in the car汽車.
171
539984
3571
我醫生發明的標準:
09:15
"Your cholesterol膽固醇 is what I call Level水平 Orange橙子."
172
543555
3054
「你的膽固醇指數為橘色。」
09:18
"Really? Is that good?""We don't know."
173
546609
5688
「是嗎?是好消息嗎?」
「不知道。」
09:24
But all that should support支持 learning學習. It shouldn't不能 obstruct阻礙 it,
174
552297
5067
測驗應該是輔助、而非妨礙學習
09:29
which哪一個 of course課程 it often經常 does.
175
557364
1911
可惜目前經常是妨礙
09:31
So in place地點 of curiosity好奇心, what we have
176
559275
2166
就好奇心而言
09:33
is a culture文化 of compliance合規.
177
561441
2534
我們的教育文化要求服從
09:35
Our children孩子 and teachers教師 are encouraged鼓勵
178
563975
2925
鼓勵孩子和老師
09:38
to follow跟隨 routine常規 algorithms算法
179
566900
2599
遵守固定規則
09:41
rather than to excite激發 that power功率 of imagination想像力 and curiosity好奇心.
180
569499
4338
而不是激發想像力和好奇心
09:45
And the third第三 principle原理 is this:
181
573837
1068
第三項法則是:
09:46
that human人的 life is inherently本質 creative創作的.
182
574905
2995
人生的本質就是創造性
09:49
It's why we all have different不同sumés.
183
577900
2408
我們的經歷各不相同
09:52
We create創建 our lives生活,
184
580308
1786
我們創造自己的命運
09:54
and we can recreate重建 them as we go through通過 them.
185
582094
2338
我們經歷的同時,也在重新創造
09:56
It's the common共同 currency貨幣 of being存在 a human人的 being存在.
186
584432
3014
這是人類的共同價值
09:59
It's why human人的 culture文化 is so interesting有趣 and diverse多種
187
587446
2533
人類文化也因此多采多姿、
10:01
and dynamic動態.
188
589979
1346
充滿活力
10:03
I mean, other animals動物 may可能 well have imaginations想像
189
591325
3009
其他動物可能也有想像力
10:06
and creativity創造力, but it's not so much in evidence證據,
190
594334
2280
與創造力,但和人類相比
10:08
is it, as ours我們的?
191
596614
1448
就沒那麼明顯
10:10
I mean, you may可能 have a dog.
192
598062
2576
比方說你有隻狗
10:12
And your dog may可能 get depressed鬱悶.
193
600638
3006
得了憂鬱症
10:15
You know, but it doesn't listen to Radiohead電台司令, does it?
194
603644
2455
但牠不會因此開始聽電台司令的歌吧?
(Radiohead 樂團)
10:18
(Laughter笑聲)
195
606099
3920
(笑聲)
10:22
And sit staring凝視 out the window窗口 with a bottle瓶子 of Jack插口 Daniels丹尼爾斯.
196
610019
2512
牠不會喝傑克丹尼威士忌,對窗外
發呆 (Jack Daniels)
10:24
(Laughter笑聲)
197
612531
4424
(笑聲)
10:28
And you say, "Would you like to come for a walk步行?"
198
616955
1661
你如果說,「想出去走走嗎?」
10:30
He says, "No, I'm fine.
199
618616
3131
牠不會說,「不,我沒事,
10:33
You go. I'll wait. But take pictures圖片."
200
621747
5772
去吧,我要靜一靜,
記得拍點照片。」
10:39
We all create創建 our own擁有 lives生活 through通過 this restless不安 process處理
201
627519
2914
我們經由不斷變化的過程
創造人生
10:42
of imagining想像 alternatives備擇方案 and possibilities可能性,
202
630433
2009
不斷想像有哪些選擇、哪些可能
10:44
and what one of the roles角色 of education教育
203
632442
2239
教育目的之一
10:46
is to awaken and develop發展 these powers權力 of creativity創造力.
204
634681
4036
就是喚醒並發展創造力
10:50
Instead代替, what we have is a culture文化 of standardization標準化.
205
638717
3560
但現在教育反而走向標準化
10:54
Now, it doesn't have to be that way. It really doesn't.
206
642277
4107
不該是這樣,真的不應該
10:58
Finland芬蘭 regularly經常 comes out on top最佳
207
646384
3552
芬蘭學生在全球名列前茅
11:01
in math數學, science科學 and reading.
208
649936
1375
不論數學、科學、或閱讀
11:03
Now, we only know that's what they do well at
209
651311
2616
我們只知道他們擅長這些科目
11:05
because that's all that's being存在 tested測試 currently目前.
210
653927
1864
因為現在只考了這幾科
11:07
That's one of the problems問題 of the test測試.
211
655791
1641
這就是測驗的問題之一
11:09
They don't look for other things that matter just as much.
212
657432
3159
你無法找出同樣重要的其他因素
11:12
The thing about work in Finland芬蘭 is this:
213
660591
2504
芬蘭所作的努力是這樣的:
11:15
they don't obsess纏住 about those disciplines學科.
214
663095
3379
他們不只重視這幾科
11:18
They have a very broad廣闊 approach途徑 to education教育
215
666474
1763
他們的教育範圍很廣
11:20
which哪一個 includes包括 humanities人文, physical物理 education教育, the arts藝術.
216
668237
4538
包括人文、體育、藝術
11:24
Second第二, there is no standardized標準化 testing測試 in Finland芬蘭.
217
672775
5736
其次,芬蘭沒有標準化考試
11:30
I mean, there's a bit,
218
678511
1760
當然有些考試
11:32
but it's not what gets得到 people up in the morning早上.
219
680271
1551
但用意不是要學生早起晨讀
11:33
It's not what keeps保持 them at their desks書桌.
220
681822
2205
不是要把學生綁在書桌前
11:36
And the third第三 thing, and I was at a meeting會議 recently最近
221
684027
1833
第三,最近我參加了一個會議
11:37
with some people from Finland芬蘭, actual實際 Finnish芬蘭 people,
222
685860
3427
有邀請芬蘭人、真正芬蘭來的人
11:41
and somebody from the American美國 system系統
223
689287
2803
有位美國教育體系的人
11:44
was saying to the people in Finland芬蘭,
224
692090
1773
問芬蘭人:
11:45
"What do you do about the dropout退出 rate in Finland芬蘭?"
225
693863
3919
「芬蘭的輟學率多高?」
11:49
And they all looked看著 a bit bemused困惑的, and said,
226
697782
1621
芬蘭人呆住了,說:
11:51
"Well, we don't have one.
227
699403
2849
「我們一個輟學生都沒有。
11:54
Why would you drop下降 out?
228
702252
2339
為什麼要輟學呢?
11:56
If people are in trouble麻煩, we get to them quite相當 quickly很快
229
704591
2265
學生有困難,我們很快會發現,
11:58
and help them and we support支持 them."
230
706856
1585
並幫助他們、支持他們。」
12:00
Now people always say, "Well, you know,
231
708441
1894
有人會說:
12:02
you can't compare比較 Finland芬蘭 to America美國."
232
710335
3128
「不能拿芬蘭和美國比。」
12:05
No. I think there's a population人口
233
713463
1395
不,芬蘭人口
12:06
of around five million百萬 in Finland芬蘭.
234
714858
2128
大約只有 500 萬
12:08
But you can compare比較 it to a state in America美國.
235
716986
3829
但你可拿芬蘭和美國一州相比
12:12
Many許多 states狀態 in America美國 have fewer people in them than that.
236
720815
3904
美國許多州人口還沒芬蘭多
12:16
I mean, I've been to some states狀態 in America美國
237
724719
1667
我去過美國的一些州
12:18
and I was the only person there. (Laughter笑聲)
238
726386
3813
就只有我一個人(笑聲)
12:22
Really. Really. I was asked to lock up when I left.
239
730199
4373
真的,真的
還有人叫我走的時候要鎖門
12:26
(Laughter笑聲)
240
734572
4031
(笑聲)
12:30
But what all the high-performing高性能 systems系統 in the world世界 do
241
738603
3933
全球許多優秀教育體系的做法
12:34
is currently目前 what is not evident明顯, sadly可悲的是,
242
742536
4182
在美國很難看到,很可惜
12:38
across橫過 the systems系統 in America美國 -- I mean, as a whole整個.
243
746718
3985
我是指美國整體而言
12:42
One is this: They individualize賦予個性 teaching教學 and learning學習.
244
750703
4934
做法之一是:教學與學習個人化
12:47
They recognize認識 that it's students學生們 who are learning學習
245
755637
3466
他們認為,學生是學習的主體
12:51
and the system系統 has to engage從事 them, their curiosity好奇心,
246
759103
3658
教育體系應該吸引學生
12:54
their individuality個性, and their creativity創造力.
247
762761
2577
重視好奇心、個別性、創造力
12:57
That's how you get them to learn學習.
248
765338
2359
才能讓學生想要學習
12:59
The second第二 is that they attribute屬性 a very high status狀態
249
767697
4087
第二種做法是:
13:03
to the teaching教學 profession職業.
250
771784
2281
給教師崇高的地位
13:06
They recognize認識 that you can't improve提高 education教育
251
774065
2944
他們認為教育不可能改善
13:09
if you don't pick great people to teach
252
777009
1649
除非挑選優秀人才教書、
13:10
and if you don't keep giving them constant不變 support支持
253
778658
1859
除非給老師不斷支持、
13:12
and professional專業的 development發展.
254
780517
1765
以及專業發展機會
13:14
Investing投資 in professional專業的 development發展 is not a cost成本.
255
782282
2937
老師的專業發展不是花費
13:17
It's an investment投資,
256
785219
1406
而是投資
13:18
and every一切 other country國家 that's succeeding下一 well knows知道 that,
257
786625
2931
每個成功的國家都清楚這點
13:21
whether是否 it's Australia澳大利亞, Canada加拿大, South Korea韓國, Singapore新加坡,
258
789556
4959
不論澳洲、加拿大、韓國、新加坡、
13:26
Hong香港 Kong or Shanghai上海. They know that to be the case案件.
259
794515
3446
香港、上海。大家都清楚這點
13:29
And the third第三 is, they devolve下放 responsibility責任
260
797961
3543
第三種做法是,下放教育的責任
13:33
to the school學校 level水平 for getting得到 the job工作 doneDONE.
261
801504
3739
到學校層級
13:37
You see, there's a big difference區別 here between之間
262
805243
2378
這和我們教育
13:39
going into a mode模式 of command命令 and control控制 in education教育 --
263
807621
3764
指揮與控制的模式差別很大
13:43
That's what happens發生 in some systems系統.
264
811385
1600
有些教育體系
13:44
You know, central中央 governments政府 decide決定
265
812985
1321
由中央政府決定
13:46
or state governments政府 decide決定
266
814306
1290
或由州政府決定
13:47
they know best最好 and they're going to tell you what to do.
267
815596
2995
他們覺得自己最懂,因此發號施令
13:50
The trouble麻煩 is that education教育 doesn't go on
268
818591
3727
問題是,教育並不是在
13:54
in the committee委員會 rooms客房 of our legislative立法 buildings房屋.
269
822318
2878
立法機關的會議室進行的
13:57
It happens發生 in classrooms教室 and schools學校,
270
825196
3088
而是在教室和學校進行的
14:00
and the people who do it are the teachers教師 and the students學生們,
271
828284
3073
老師和學生是教育的主體
14:03
and if you remove去掉 their discretion慎重, it stops停止 working加工.
272
831357
3408
如果剝奪了他們的自主權
就會產生問題
14:06
You have to put it back to the people.
273
834765
3050
必須把自主權還給他們
14:09
(Applause掌聲)
274
837815
4829
(掌聲)
14:14
There is wonderful精彩 work happening事件 in this country國家.
275
842644
2712
現在美國有些了不起的成就
14:17
But I have to say it's happening事件
276
845356
2143
但我不得不說
14:19
in spite儘管 of the dominant優勢 culture文化 of education教育,
277
847499
2566
教育界的主導文化
是這些成就的阻力
14:22
not because of it.
278
850065
1401
而非助力
14:23
It's like people are sailing帆船 into a headwind逆風 all the time.
279
851466
3604
變成要不斷逆風航行
14:27
And the reason原因 I think is this:
280
855070
2461
我認為原因在於
14:29
that many許多 of the current當前 policies政策 are based基於 on
281
857531
3337
許多現行教育政策,是基於
14:32
mechanistic機械 conceptions概念 of education教育.
282
860868
3041
把教育當作機器的觀念
14:35
It's like education教育 is an industrial產業 process處理
283
863909
3768
教育好像是工廠在生產
14:39
that can be improved改善 just by having better data數據,
284
867677
3007
調整參數就可以改善
14:42
and somewhere某處 in, I think, the back of the mind心神
285
870684
1667
而我認為,這些政策的背後
14:44
of some policy政策 makers製造商 is this idea理念 that
286
872351
2136
制定者的想法是
14:46
if we fine-tune微調 it well enough足夠, if we just get it right,
287
874487
3318
只要參數調得夠好,就能成功
14:49
it will all hum along沿 perfectly完美 into the future未來.
288
877805
2631
就能完美航向未來
14:52
It won't慣於, and it never did.
289
880436
3221
不可能,從來都沒有過
14:55
The point is that education教育 is not a mechanical機械 system系統.
290
883657
4099
關鍵在於,教育不是機械的系統
14:59
It's a human人的 system系統. It's about people,
291
887756
3897
而是人的系統,核心在人
15:03
people who either do want to learn學習 or don't want to learn學習.
292
891653
3055
有人想學習、有人不想
15:06
Every一切 student學生 who drops滴劑 out of school學校 has a reason原因 for it
293
894708
4815
每個輟學的孩子,背後都有原因
15:11
which哪一個 is rooted in their own擁有 biography.
294
899523
2321
可能來自他個人經歷
15:13
They may可能 find it boring無聊. They may可能 find it irrelevant不相干.
295
901844
3023
可能覺得無聊、覺得無關緊要
15:16
They may可能 find that it's at odds可能性
296
904867
2514
可能覺得學習
15:19
with the life they're living活的 outside of school學校.
297
907381
2544
和校外現實生活有衝突
15:21
There are trends趨勢, but the stories故事 are always unique獨特.
298
909925
3839
原因類似,但背後故事個個不同
15:25
I was at a meeting會議 recently最近 in Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯 of --
299
913764
3001
我最近在洛杉磯參加了一個會議
15:28
they're called alternative替代 education教育 programs程式.
300
916765
2245
主題是:替代性教育課程
15:31
These are programs程式 designed設計 to get kids孩子 back into education教育.
301
919010
3403
目的在幫助孩子重返教育
15:34
They have certain某些 common共同 features特徵.
302
922413
1944
課程有些共同特點
15:36
They're very personalized個性化.
303
924357
2032
課程非常個人化
15:38
They have strong強大 support支持 for the teachers教師,
304
926389
3210
對教師強力支持
15:41
close links鏈接 with the community社區
305
929599
2261
與社區緊密聯繫
15:43
and a broad廣闊 and diverse多種 curriculum課程,
306
931860
1626
課程廣泛多樣
15:45
and often經常 programs程式 which哪一個 involve涉及 students學生們
307
933486
2631
有些課程包括了
15:48
outside school學校 as well as inside school學校.
308
936117
2673
外校學生、本校學生
15:50
And they work.
309
938790
1710
這些課程確實有效
15:52
What's interesting有趣 to me is,
310
940500
1402
我覺得最有趣的一點是
15:53
these are called "alternative替代 education教育."
311
941902
3186
課程名稱叫「替代性教育」
15:57
You know?
312
945088
2182
你知道嗎?
15:59
And all the evidence證據 from around the world世界 is,
313
947270
1776
由全球得到的證據顯示
16:01
if we all did that, there'd這紅色 be no need for the alternative替代.
314
949046
4226
如果教育本來就是這樣
就不需要替代性教育了
16:05
(Applause掌聲)
315
953272
8420
(掌聲)
16:13
So I think we have to embrace擁抱 a different不同 metaphor隱喻.
316
961692
2848
我們必須擁抱另一種作法
16:16
We have to recognize認識 that it's a human人的 system系統,
317
964540
2657
必須認知,教育是人的系統
16:19
and there are conditions條件 under which哪一個 people thrive興旺,
318
967197
3596
有些環境會使人成功
16:22
and conditions條件 under which哪一個 they don't.
319
970793
2905
有些則不會
16:25
We are after all organic有機 creatures生物,
320
973698
2925
我們本質上都是有機生物
16:28
and the culture文化 of the school學校 is absolutely絕對 essential必要.
321
976623
4646
學校的文化極為重要
16:33
Culture文化 is an organic有機 term術語, isn't it?
322
981269
2428
文化也是個有機的名詞,不是嗎?
16:35
Not far from where I live生活 is a place地點 called Death死亡 Valley.
323
983697
3729
我家附近有個地方叫死亡谷
(Death Valley)
16:39
Death死亡 Valley is the hottest最熱, driest乾旱 place地點 in America美國,
324
987426
5672
死亡谷是美國最熱最乾的地方
16:45
and nothing grows成長 there.
325
993098
2802
沒有生物可以生長
16:47
Nothing grows成長 there because it doesn't rain.
326
995900
2624
沒有雨水,生物無法生長
16:50
Hence於是, Death死亡 Valley.
327
998524
2393
所以叫死亡谷
16:52
In the winter冬季 of 2004, it rained下雨 in Death死亡 Valley.
328
1000917
7147
2004 年冬天,死亡谷下雨了
17:00
Seven inches英寸 of rain fell下跌 over a very short period.
329
1008064
3772
短期內降雨 7 英寸 (約 180 公釐)
17:03
And in the spring彈簧 of 2005, there was a phenomenon現象.
330
1011836
5202
2005 年春天,奇蹟發生了
17:09
The whole整個 floor地板 of Death死亡 Valley was carpeted鋪地毯 in flowers花卉
331
1017038
4634
死亡谷開滿了花朵
17:13
for a while.
332
1021672
1756
花朵盛開了一段時間
17:15
What it proved證實 is this: that Death死亡 Valley isn't dead.
333
1023428
5294
這證明了:死亡谷並沒有死亡
17:20
It's dormant休眠.
334
1028722
2871
只是在沉睡
17:23
Right beneath下面 the surface表面 are these seeds種子 of possibility可能性
335
1031593
3245
地底下埋了各種可能性的種子
17:26
waiting等候 for the right conditions條件 to come about,
336
1034838
3775
等待時機、迸發而出
17:30
and with organic有機 systems系統, if the conditions條件 are right,
337
1038613
3343
對於有機系統,只要條件適合
17:33
life is inevitable必然. It happens發生 all the time.
338
1041956
3729
生命的發生是必然的,總是這樣
17:37
You take an area, a school學校, a district,
339
1045685
2600
選個學科、選個學校、選個地區
17:40
you change更改 the conditions條件, give people a different不同 sense of possibility可能性,
340
1048285
3040
改變條件,讓人覺得有不同可能、
17:43
a different不同 set of expectations期望,
341
1051325
1662
不同期待、
17:44
a broader更廣泛 range範圍 of opportunities機會,
342
1052987
1756
更多機會、
17:46
you cherish珍視 and value the relationships關係 between之間 teachers教師 and learners學習者,
343
1054743
3251
珍惜並重視師生關係
17:49
you offer提供 people the discretion慎重 to be creative創作的
344
1057994
2310
給予創造力的自主權
17:52
and to innovate創新 in what they do,
345
1060304
1754
讓每個人都能創新
17:54
and schools學校 that were once一旦 bereft喪失 spring彈簧 to life.
346
1062058
3611
學校就能起死回生
17:57
Great leaders領導者 know that.
347
1065669
1662
偉大的領導人都清楚
17:59
The real真實 role角色 of leadership領導 in education教育 --
348
1067331
2456
教育界領導者的真正角色-
18:01
and I think it's true真正 at the national國民 level水平, the state level水平,
349
1069787
2557
不管在國家層級、各州層級、
18:04
at the school學校 level水平 --
350
1072344
1558
學校層級…
18:05
is not and should not be command命令 and control控制.
351
1073902
4400
都不是、也不該是指揮與控制
18:10
The real真實 role角色 of leadership領導 is climate氣候 control控制,
352
1078302
4005
領導者的真正角色
應該是控制大環境
18:14
creating創建 a climate氣候 of possibility可能性.
353
1082307
2602
創造一種充滿可能性的環境
18:16
And if you do that, people will rise上升 to it
354
1084909
2397
若能如此,人們就會挺身而出
18:19
and achieve實現 things that you
completely全然 did not anticipate預料
355
1087306
3019
得到的成果,不但出乎意料
18:22
and couldn't不能 have expected預期.
356
1090325
1800
更會超出期望
18:24
There's a wonderful精彩 quote引用 from Benjamin本傑明 Franklin富蘭克林.
357
1092125
2367
富蘭克林 (Benjamin Franklin)
有句偉大的名言:
18:26
"There are three sorts排序 of people in the world世界:
358
1094492
2863
「世界上有三種人:
18:29
Those who are immovable不能移動的,
359
1097355
2378
第一種人不知不覺,
18:31
people who don't get it, they don't want to get it,
360
1099733
1871
他們不想改變、不願改變、
18:33
they're not going to do anything about it;
361
1101604
1397
更阻礙改變;
18:35
there are people who are movable活動,
362
1103001
1903
第二種人後知後覺,
18:36
people who see the need for change更改
363
1104904
1322
他們知道必須改變,
18:38
and are prepared準備 to listen to it;
364
1106226
2646
並樂觀其成;
18:40
and there are people who move移動,
365
1108872
1851
第三種人知覺而動,
18:42
people who make things happen發生."
366
1110723
1780
他們造成改變。」
18:44
And if we can encourage鼓勵 more people,
367
1112503
2170
如果我們可以激勵更多人
18:46
that will be a movement運動.
368
1114673
2666
就可以形成運動
18:49
And if the movement運動 is strong強大 enough足夠,
369
1117339
2187
如果聲勢夠大
18:51
that's, in the best最好 sense of the word, a revolution革命.
370
1119526
3142
就能成為革命
18:54
And that's what we need.
371
1122668
1779
這正是我們需要的
18:56
Thank you very much.
372
1124447
1233
謝謝大家!
18:57
(Applause掌聲)
373
1125680
3183
(掌聲)
19:00
Thank you very much. (Applause掌聲)
374
1128863
5031
非常感謝!(掌聲)
Translated by Julia Xu
Reviewed by Allen Li

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.

Why you should listen

Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."

A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.

More profile about the speaker
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee