TED2016
Norman Lear: An entertainment icon on living a life of meaning
諾曼·李爾: 一個娛樂界偶像充滿意義的一生
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在1970年代（和之後的幾十年裏），電視制作人諾曼·李爾用改變文化的情景喜劇觸動了數百萬人的生活，比如《全家福》，《傑弗遜一家》，還有《好時光》，拓寬了我們這個世代的眼界，也讓代表性不足的美國人在黃金時段充分發聲。在和艾瑞克·利德爾親切智慧的談話中，他謙遜幽默地分享了他早年和 「人性愚蠢面 」的關係是如何造就了他的人生和創意的願景。
Norman Lear - Producer, activist
Writer, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows. Full bioEric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies. Full bio
Writer, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows. Full bioEric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Eric Hirshberg: So I assume that Norman
doesn't need much of an introduction,
doesn't need much of an introduction,
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艾瑞克.豪斯伯格：我想大家
都很熟悉諾曼了，不需要太多的介紹了，
都很熟悉諾曼了，不需要太多的介紹了，
00:16
but TED's audience is global,
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但是TED的觀眾來自全球，
00:18
it's diverse,
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相當多元。
00:19
so I've been tasked
with starting with his bio,
with starting with his bio,
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所以我被要求從介紹他的生平開始，
00:22
which could easily take up
the entire 18 minutes.
the entire 18 minutes.
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這樣就可以輕鬆用完
整個 18 分鐘。
整個 18 分鐘。
00:24
So instead we're going to do
93 years in 93 seconds or less.
93 years in 93 seconds or less.
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所以我們決定用 93 秒或更少的時間
來介紹諾曼的這 93 年。
來介紹諾曼的這 93 年。
00:28
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:30
You were born in New Hampshire.
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你出生於新罕布什爾州。
00:31
Norman Lear: New Haven, Connecticut.
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諾曼·李爾：是紐黑文，
00:33
EH: New Haven, Connecticut.
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艾瑞克：哦，你生於紐黑文，
康乃狄克州。
康乃狄克州。
00:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:37
NL: There goes seven more seconds.
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諾曼：這樣就過 7 秒鐘了。
00:39
EH: Nailed it.
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艾瑞克：先記在牆上。
00:40
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:43
You were born in New Haven, Connecticut.
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你生於紐黑文，康乃狄克州。
00:44
Your father was a con man --
I got that right.
I got that right.
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你的父親是靠行騙為生——這次我對了。
00:47
He was taken away to prison
when you were nine years old.
when you were nine years old.
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在你九歲的時候，
他被帶走進了監獄。
他被帶走進了監獄。
00:50
You flew 52 missions
as a fighter pilot in World War II.
as a fighter pilot in World War II.
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在二戰中你是一位飛行員
執行了52次任務。
執行了52次任務。
00:53
You came back to --
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你回來後——
00:54
NL: Radio operator.
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諾曼：成為接線生。
00:56
EH: You came to LA
to break into Hollywood,
to break into Hollywood,
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艾瑞克：你到洛杉磯闖入了好萊塢，
00:59
first in publicity, then in TV.
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首先當宣傳，接著是在電視領域。
01:00
You had no training as a writer, formally,
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你是一位沒有接受過
正式的訓練的作家，
正式的訓練的作家，
01:03
but you hustled your way in.
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但你闖出了你的路。
01:04
Your breakthrough, your debut,
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你的突破，你的首秀，
01:06
was a little show
called "All in the Family."
called "All in the Family."
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是一部小電視劇《全家福》。
01:08
You followed that up with a string of hits
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緊接著你拍了一系列
01:10
that to this day is unmatched
in Hollywood:
in Hollywood:
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至今都在好萊塢無與倫比的電視劇：
01:12
"Sanford and Son," "Maude," "Good Times,"
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《桑福德和兒子》，《Maude》，《好時光》，
01:14
"The Jeffersons," "One Day at a Time,"
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《傑佛遜一家》，《隨遇而安》，
01:16
"Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman,"
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《瑪麗·哈特曼》，
01:17
to name literally a fraction of them.
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這裏只提到了一部分。
01:19
Not only are they all commercially --
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這些電視劇不僅在商業上——
01:21
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:25
Not only are they all
commercially successful,
commercially successful,
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它們不僅都獲得了商業上的成功，
01:28
but many of them push our culture forward
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其中也通過很多電視劇
推動了文化的發展。
推動了文化的發展。
01:30
by giving the underrepresented
members of society
members of society
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讓社會中代表性不足的群體
01:32
their first prime-time voice.
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首次在黃金時段發聲。
01:35
You have seven shows
in the top 10 at one time.
in the top 10 at one time.
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你曾有七部電視劇同時在收視率前十。
01:39
At one point,
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你一度吸引了
01:40
you aggregate an audience
of 120 million people per week
of 120 million people per week
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一億兩千萬的觀眾，
每周觀看你的電視劇。
01:43
watching your content.
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01:44
That's more than the audience
for Super Bowl 50,
for Super Bowl 50,
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人數甚至還超過
01:47
which happens once a year.
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每年一度的超級杯。
01:48
NL: Holy shit.
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諾曼：哇靠！
01:49
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:51
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:53
EH: And we're not even
to the holy shit part.
to the holy shit part.
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艾瑞克：我們甚至還沒有說到
令人驚嘆的哇靠部分。
令人驚嘆的哇靠部分。
01:56
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:57
You land yourself
on Richard Nixon's enemies list --
on Richard Nixon's enemies list --
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你使自己成為理查德·尼克松
名單上的敵人——
名單上的敵人——
01:59
he had one.
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他有這麽一份。
02:01
That's an applause line, too.
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這也值得大家的掌聲。
02:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:05
You're inducted into the TV Hall of Fame
on the first day that it exists.
on the first day that it exists.
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你在名單曝光第一天
就被列入了電視名人堂。
就被列入了電視名人堂。
02:08
Then came the movies.
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接下來談談電影。
02:10
"Fried Green Tomatoes,"
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《油炸綠蕃茄》，
02:11
"The Princess Bride," "Stand By Me,"
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《公主新娘》，《伴我同行》，
02:14
"This Is Spinal Tap."
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《搖滾萬歲》。
02:15
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:16
Again, just to name a fraction.
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這裏還是只提了一部分。
02:17
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:19
Then you wipe the slate clean,
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然後你開創的「三幕劇架構」
橫掃了電影界，
橫掃了電影界，
02:20
start a third act as a political activist
focusing on protecting the First Amendment
focusing on protecting the First Amendment
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從政時致力於保護第一修正案，
02:24
and the separation of church and state.
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堅持政治與宗教分離。
02:26
You start People For The American Way.
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你建立了美國之道團體。
02:28
You buy the Declaration of Independence
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你買下了獨立宣言，
02:30
and give it back to the people.
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然後把它歸還給人民。
02:31
You stay active in both
entertainment and politics
entertainment and politics
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你到了 93 歲高齡，
02:34
until the ripe old of age of 93,
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都還一直活躍在娛樂界和政界，
02:35
when you write a book
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然後你開始寫書，
02:37
and make a documentary
about your life story.
about your life story.
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並且制作了一部關於你人生的紀錄片。
02:39
And after all that,
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經歷了所有的這一切，
02:40
they finally think
you're ready for a TED Talk.
you're ready for a TED Talk.
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他們終於覺得你準備好
要做 TED 演講了。
要做 TED 演講了。
02:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:49
NL: I love being here.
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諾曼：很高興來到這裏。
02:51
And I love you for agreeing to do this.
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也很高興你同意做這個訪談。
02:53
EH: Thank you for asking. It's my honor.
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艾瑞克：謝謝你的邀請。我的榮幸。
02:56
So here's my first question.
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然後這是我的第一個問題：
02:57
Was your mother proud of you?
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你的媽媽有為你感到驕傲嗎？
02:59
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:02
NL: My mother ...
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諾曼：我的媽媽……
真是一個好的開始啊！
03:03
what a place to start.
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03:06
Let me put it this way --
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讓我這樣說吧——
03:09
when I came back from the war,
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當我從戰場上回來，
03:10
she showed me the letters
that I had written her from overseas,
that I had written her from overseas,
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她給我看了我從海外寄給她的信，
03:16
and they were absolute love letters.
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那些絕對都是情書。
03:21
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:23
This really sums up my mother.
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這確實概括形容了我媽媽。
03:25
They were love letters,
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那些情書，
03:26
as if I had written them to --
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那些情書就好像是我寫給——
03:29
they were love letters.
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它們就是情書。
03:33
A year later I asked my mother
if I could have them,
if I could have them,
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一年後我問媽媽，
我是否能擁有它們，
我是否能擁有它們，
03:37
because I'd like to keep them
all the years of my life ...
all the years of my life ...
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因為我想一輩子保存它們……
03:42
She had thrown them away.
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她說，她已經扔掉了。
03:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:48
That's my mother.
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這就是我老媽。
03:50
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:52
The best way I can sum it up
in more recent times is --
in more recent times is --
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最近，我能總結我媽
的最好方式——
的最好方式——
03:59
this is also more recent times --
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這也是最近的事——
04:01
a number of years ago,
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幾年前，
04:02
when they started the Hall of Fame
to which you referred.
to which you referred.
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當他們開始籌備
你剛剛提到的名人堂的時候。
你剛剛提到的名人堂的時候。
04:06
It was a Sunday morning,
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那是一個周日的早晨，
04:08
when I got a call from the fellow who ran
the TV Academy of Arts & Sciences.
the TV Academy of Arts & Sciences.
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我接到了一個管理電視藝術
及科學學院朋友的電話。
及科學學院朋友的電話。
04:13
He was calling me to tell me
they had met all day yesterday
they had met all day yesterday
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他打電話告訴我說，
他們昨天談了一整天，
他們昨天談了一整天，
04:16
and he was confidentially telling me
they were going to start a hall of fame
they were going to start a hall of fame
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他肯定地告訴我，
他們將要成立一個名人堂，
他們將要成立一個名人堂，
04:21
and these were the inductees.
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裡面有一些入選者。
04:27
I started to say "Richard Nixon,"
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我開頭就說「理查德·尼克松」，
04:29
because Richard Nixon --
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因為理查德·尼克松——
04:30
EH: I don't think he was on their list.
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艾瑞克：我不認為他在名單上。
04:32
NL: William Paley, who started CBS,
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諾曼：CBS 之父威廉·佩利，
04:35
David Sarnoff, who started NBC,
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創立 NBC 的大衛·沙諾夫，
04:38
Edward R. Murrow,
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愛德華·Ｒ·默羅，
04:40
the greatest of the foreign
correspondents,
correspondents,
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最偉大的駐外記者，
04:43
Paddy Chayefsky --
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帕迪·查耶夫斯基——
04:45
I think the best writer
that ever came out of television --
that ever came out of television --
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我認為是電視界最好的編劇——
04:47
Milton Berle, Lucille Ball
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米爾頓·伯利，露西·鮑爾，
04:49
and me.
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還有我。
04:51
EH: Not bad.
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艾瑞克：不錯。
04:52
NL: I call my mother
immediately in Hartford, Connecticut.
immediately in Hartford, Connecticut.
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諾曼：我立刻打電話給
在哈特福德.康乃狄克州的媽媽。
在哈特福德.康乃狄克州的媽媽。
04:55
"Mom, this is what's happened,
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「媽媽，你知道嗎，
04:56
they're starting a hall of fame."
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他們要成立一個名人堂。」
04:58
I tell her the list of names and me,
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我告訴她那些入選者的名字，還有我，
05:00
and she says,
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然後她說，
05:01
"Listen, if that's what they
want to do, who am I to say?"
want to do, who am I to say?"
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「聽著，如果他們要這麽做，
我又能說甚麼？」
我又能說甚麼？」
05:03
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:07
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:10
That's my Ma.
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這就是我媽媽。
05:11
I think it earns that kind of a laugh
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我覺得能這麼好笑的原因是，
05:13
because everybody
has a piece of that mother.
has a piece of that mother.
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因為每個人的媽媽都有這樣的一面。
05:15
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:17
EH: And the sitcom Jewish mother
is born, right there.
is born, right there.
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艾瑞克：情景喜劇中的
猶太人媽媽就這樣誕生了。
猶太人媽媽就這樣誕生了。
05:20
So your father also played
a large role in your life,
a large role in your life,
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你的父親在你的人生中
也扮演了重要的角色，
也扮演了重要的角色，
05:25
mostly by his absence.
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大部分是因為他的缺席。
05:26
NL: Yeah.
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諾曼：是。
05:28
EH: Tell us what happened
when you were nine years old.
when you were nine years old.
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艾瑞克：告訴我們你九歲的時候
發生了什麽。
發生了什麽。
05:30
NL: He was flying to Oklahoma
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諾曼：他當時要與三個人
一同飛去俄克拉何馬州，
一同飛去俄克拉何馬州，
05:35
with three guys that my mother said,
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我媽媽說，
05:37
"I don't want you to have
anything to do with them,
anything to do with them,
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「我不想你和那三個人有任何關係，
05:40
I don't trust those men."
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我不相信那些男人。」
05:42
That's when I heard,
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我當時聽到的是這樣，
05:43
maybe not for the first time,
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這已經不是第一次聽到了，
05:44
"Stifle yourself, Jeanette, I'm going."
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「別說了，珍妮特。我要去了。」
05:48
And he went.
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然後他去了。
05:50
It turns out he was picking up
some fake bonds,
some fake bonds,
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後來才知道他拿了一些假債券，
05:55
which he was flying
across the country to sell.
across the country to sell.
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飛到全國各地兜售。
05:59
But the fact that he was going
to Oklahoma in a plane,
to Oklahoma in a plane,
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但有一次他坐飛機去
奧克拉瑪州，
奧克拉瑪州，
06:03
and he was going to bring me
back a 10-gallon hat,
back a 10-gallon hat,
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他要給我帶回一個
十加侖的寬邊高頂帽，
十加侖的寬邊高頂帽，
06:07
just like Ken Maynard,
my favorite cowboy wore.
my favorite cowboy wore.
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就像我最喜歡的牛仔
肯· 梅德納戴的那頂。
肯· 梅德納戴的那頂。
06:14
You know, this was a few years
after Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic.
after Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic.
149
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你知道這是在很多年前
林德伯格穿越大西洋之後。
林德伯格穿越大西洋之後。
06:19
I mean, it was exotic
that my father was going there.
that my father was going there.
150
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我的意思是，
我爸那時候去那兒很奇怪。
我爸那時候去那兒很奇怪。
06:22
But when he came back,
151
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但是當他回來的時候，
06:24
they arrested him as he got off the plane.
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他一下飛機就被逮捕了。
06:26
That night newspapers
were all over the house,
were all over the house,
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那一晚，屋裏到處都是新聞報紙，
06:30
my father was with his hat
in front of his face,
in front of his face,
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我爸爸用帽子遮著自己的臉，
06:33
manacled to a detective.
155
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1499
他被刑警銬上手銬。
06:35
And my mother was selling the furniture,
because we were leaving --
because we were leaving --
156
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3658
我媽媽開始賣家具，
因為我們要離開了——
因為我們要離開了——
06:39
she didn't want to stay
in that state of shame,
in that state of shame,
157
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3809
她不想待在切爾西，馬薩諸塞州
06:43
in Chelsea, Massachusetts.
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2465
生活在恥辱中。
06:46
And selling the furniture --
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3664
她在賣家具的時候——
06:50
the house was loaded with people.
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2060
屋裏全都是人。
06:52
And in the middle of all of that,
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在這些人當中，
06:54
some strange horse's ass
put his hand on my shoulder and said,
put his hand on my shoulder and said,
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有一個奇怪的蠢貨
把手放到我的肩膀上，說：
把手放到我的肩膀上，說：
07:01
"Well, you're the man of the house now."
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「嗯，現在你是家中的男人了。」
07:04
I'm crying, and this asshole says,
"You're the man of the house now."
"You're the man of the house now."
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我正在哭，而這個混蛋說，
「現在你是這個家裏的男人了。」
「現在你是這個家裏的男人了。」
07:11
And I think that was the moment
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我想我就是從那時起
07:14
I began to understand the foolishness
of the human condition.
of the human condition.
166
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開始理解到人性的愚蠢。
07:19
So ...
167
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2158
然後……
07:22
it took a lot of years to look back at it
and feel it was a benefit.
and feel it was a benefit.
168
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4580
我花了很多年重新審視它
並感覺到它的好處。
並感覺到它的好處。
07:28
But --
169
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1150
但是——
07:29
EH: It's interesting
you call it a benefit.
you call it a benefit.
170
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艾瑞克：這很有趣，
你把它看作是好處。
你把它看作是好處。
07:31
NL: Benefit in that it gave
me that springboard.
me that springboard.
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諾曼：好處是說，
它給了我一個成功的跳板。
它給了我一個成功的跳板。
07:34
I mean that I could think
172
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我的意思是說，
07:38
how foolish it was to say
to this crying nine-year-old boy,
to this crying nine-year-old boy,
173
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3188
對一個在哭泣的九歲男孩說
「現在你是這個家裏的男人了。」
「現在你是這個家裏的男人了。」
07:41
"You're the man of the house now."
174
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1905
這樣的行為很愚蠢。
07:43
And then I was crying, and then he said,
175
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3413
然後我還在哭，然後他又說：
07:46
"And men of the house don't cry."
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「一家之主是不能流淚的。」
07:49
And I ...
177
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1540
然後我……
07:51
(Laughter)
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1285
（笑聲）
07:52
So ...
179
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1416
所以……
07:56
I look back, and I think
180
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1507
我回顧過去這些日子，我在想
07:57
that's when I learned the foolishness
of the human condition,
of the human condition,
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4143
那個時候，我了解到了人性的愚蠢，
08:02
and it's been that gift that I've used.
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2928
之後我一直受益於這個禮物。
08:06
EH: So you have a father who's absent,
183
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2528
艾瑞克：所以你有一個缺席的父親，
08:08
you have a mother for whom
apparently nothing is good enough.
apparently nothing is good enough.
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你有一個認為什麽都不夠好的母親。
08:11
Do you think that starting out as a kid
who maybe never felt heard
who maybe never felt heard
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你覺不覺得，這一切的開始也許就是那個
從未被傾聽的孩子的成長旅程，
08:17
started you down a journey
186
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1522
08:18
that ended with you being an adult
187
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1778
帶領你最後成為一個
08:20
with a weekly audience
of 120 million people?
of 120 million people?
188
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2301
一周擁有一億兩千萬收視觀眾的成人？
08:23
NL: I love the way you put that question,
189
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3010
諾曼：我喜歡你問這個問題的方式，
08:26
because I guess
I've spent my life wanting --
I've spent my life wanting --
190
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3819
因為我想，我已經花了一生的時間想——
08:30
if anything, wanting to be heard.
191
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1986
如果有，是有那些聲音需要被傾聽的。
08:36
I think --
192
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1254
我想——
08:40
It's a simple answer, yes,
193
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1572
這是個簡單的答案，是，
08:42
that was what sparked --
194
510120
2316
就是這個激勵了我——
08:45
well, there were other things, too.
195
513857
1707
嗯，也有別的。
08:47
When my father was away,
196
515588
2831
我爸爸不在的時候，
08:50
I was fooling with a crystal radio set
that we had made together,
that we had made together,
197
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6042
我會把玩一個我們之前
一起做的礦石收音機，
一起做的礦石收音機，
08:56
and I caught a signal that turned out
to be Father Coughlin.
to be Father Coughlin.
198
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4571
我捕捉到一個信號，
結果是神父柯林。
結果是神父柯林。
09:01
(Laughter)
199
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1150
（笑聲）
09:04
Yeah, somebody laughed.
200
532770
1342
嗯，一些人笑了。
09:06
(Laughter)
201
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1427
（笑聲）
09:07
But not funny,
202
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1431
但是這並不笑，
09:09
this was a horse's --
203
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1500
這是一個蠢——
09:10
another horse's ass --
204
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1616
另一個蠢貨——
09:12
who was very vocal
about hating the New Deal
about hating the New Deal
205
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2591
他很厭惡羅斯福的新政、
09:14
and Roosevelt and Jews.
206
542821
2463
及羅斯福本人及猶太人。
09:18
The first time I ran into an understanding
207
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3333
那是我第一次意識到
09:21
that there were people
in this world that hated me
in this world that hated me
208
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2893
這個世界上有人討厭我
09:24
because I was born to Jewish parents.
209
552530
1936
就因為我父母是猶太人。
09:27
And that had an enormous
effect on my life.
effect on my life.
210
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4127
這對我的人生產生了巨大的影響。
09:32
EH: So you had a childhood
211
560059
1983
艾瑞克：你的童年
09:34
with little in the way
of strong male role models,
of strong male role models,
212
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3082
缺少強大的男性榜樣，
09:37
except for your grandfather.
213
565172
1536
除了你的爺爺。
09:39
Tell us about him.
214
567272
1880
跟我們談談他吧！
09:41
NL: Oh, my grandfather.
215
569176
1150
諾曼：哦，我的爺爺。
09:43
Well here's the way I always
talked about that grandfather.
talked about that grandfather.
216
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4461
嗯，我總是這樣談論我的爺爺。
09:49
There were parades,
217
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1150
我還是個孩子的時候
09:50
lots of parades when I was a kid.
218
578780
1881
有遊行，很多遊行。
09:52
There were parades on Veteran's Day --
219
580685
1912
老兵節有遊行——
09:54
there wasn't a President's Day.
220
582621
1568
不過總統日沒有。
09:56
There was Abraham Lincoln's birthday,
221
584213
1913
亞伯拉罕·林肯的生日有，
09:58
George Washington's birthday
222
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2104
喬治·華盛頓的生日有，
10:00
and Flag Day ...
223
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2490
還有國旗日……
10:03
And lots of little parades.
224
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1759
也有很多小遊行。
10:05
My grandfather used to take me
225
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1429
我爺爺以前會帶我去，
10:07
and we'd stand on the street corner,
226
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1726
我們會站在街角，
10:08
he'd hold my hand,
227
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1336
他拉著我的手，
10:10
and I'd look up and I'd see a tear
running down his eye.
running down his eye.
228
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3063
我擡頭看到他在流眼淚。
10:15
And he meant a great deal to me.
229
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2364
他對我意義很大。
10:18
And he used to write presidents
of the United States.
of the United States.
230
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5358
他以前會給美國總統寫信。
10:23
Every letter started,
231
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1620
每封信都這樣開始，
10:25
"My dearest, darling Mr. President,"
232
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3079
「我最最親愛的總統先生，」
10:28
and he'd tell him something
wonderful about what he did.
wonderful about what he did.
233
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4618
然後告訴他一些，
他做地很棒的事。
他做地很棒的事。
10:33
But when he disagreed
with the President, he also wrote,
with the President, he also wrote,
234
621069
2932
但是當他不同意
總統的決定時，他也寫信。
總統的決定時，他也寫信。
10:36
"My dearest, darling Mr. President,
235
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1667
「我最最親愛的總統先生，
10:37
Didn't I tell you last week ...?"
236
625716
1794
上星期我是不是跟你說過……？」
10:39
(Laughter)
237
627534
1579
（笑聲）
10:41
And I would run down the stairs
every now and then
every now and then
238
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5180
我們三個開心的像飛機一樣，
經常往樓梯下跑，去拿信件，
經常往樓梯下跑，去拿信件，
10:46
and pick up the mail.
239
634763
1232
10:48
We were three flights up,
240
636019
1219
10:49
74 York Street, New Haven, Connecticut.
241
637262
2225
我們三個當時住
康涅狄格州紐黑文約克街的74號。
康涅狄格州紐黑文約克街的74號。
10:52
And I'd pick up a little white envelope
reading, "Shya C. called at this address."
reading, "Shya C. called at this address."
242
640945
6612
我會拿到一個小信封，上面寫著
「給住在這裏的 Shya C.」。
「給住在這裏的 Shya C.」。
11:02
And that's the story I have told
about my grandfather --
about my grandfather --
243
650734
4536
以上就是我講述過
有關於我爺爺的故事——
有關於我爺爺的故事——
11:07
EH: They wrote him back
on the envelopes --
on the envelopes --
244
655294
2021
艾瑞克：他們在信封上回信——
11:09
NL: They wrote back.
245
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1220
諾曼：他們回信了。
11:12
But I have shown them myself,
246
660862
4406
但我已經向他們坦白，
11:17
going way back to Phil Donahue
and others before him,
and others before him,
247
665292
5118
從老早前的菲爾多納休
還有在他之前的其他人，
還有在他之前的其他人，
11:22
literally dozens of interviews
in which I told that story.
in which I told that story.
248
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4309
幾乎每次的訪談中，
我都有提到那個故事，
我都有提到那個故事，
11:28
This will be the second time I have said
the whole story was a lie.
the whole story was a lie.
249
676283
5119
這將是我第二次說
這整個故事是個謊言。
這整個故事是個謊言。
11:36
The truth was my grandfather
took me to parades,
took me to parades,
250
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4192
真相是我爺爺帶我去遊行，
11:40
we had lots of those.
251
688367
1323
我們去過很多次。
11:42
The truth is a tear came down his eye.
252
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2380
真相是他流淚了。
11:45
The truth is he would write
an occasional letter,
an occasional letter,
253
693340
3707
真相是他偶爾會寫一封信，
11:49
and I did pick up those little envelopes.
254
697071
2403
而我的確拿到了那些小信封。
11:52
But "My dearest darling Mr. President,"
255
700536
3412
但是「我最最親愛的總統先生」，
11:55
all the rest of it,
256
703972
2462
和剩下的所有，
11:58
is a story I borrowed from a good friend
257
706458
4516
都是從我好朋友那兒借來的故事，
12:02
whose grandfather was that grandfather
who wrote those letters.
who wrote those letters.
258
710998
5510
他的爺爺才是那個寫了那些信的爺爺。
12:10
And, I mean, I stole
Arthur Marshall's grandfather
Arthur Marshall's grandfather
259
718506
6445
我是說，我偷了
阿瑟·馬歇爾的爺爺，
阿瑟·馬歇爾的爺爺，
12:16
and made him my own.
260
724975
1730
把他變成了我自己的。
12:20
Always.
261
728997
1150
一直都是這樣。
12:22
When I started to write my memoir --
262
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2614
當我開始寫我的回憶錄時——
12:24
"Even this --"
263
732809
1452
<<甚至這些——>>
12:26
How about that?
264
734285
1165
你怎麽看這件事？
12:27
"Even This I Get to Experience."
265
735474
2231
<<甚至這些我都曾經歷過>>
12:30
When I started to write the memoir
266
738848
1751
當我開始寫回憶錄時，
12:32
and I started to think about it,
267
740623
1559
我開始思考，
12:34
and then I --
268
742206
1150
然後我——
12:36
I --
269
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1150
我——
12:38
I did a reasonable amount of crying,
270
746529
3802
我理所當然地大哭了，
12:42
and I realized how much
I needed the father.
I needed the father.
271
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3833
然後我意識到我是多麽地需要「父親」。
12:47
So much so that I appropriated
Arthur Marshall's grandfather.
Arthur Marshall's grandfather.
272
755139
3301
這麽需要以至於我借用了
阿瑟·馬歇爾的爺爺。
阿瑟·馬歇爾的爺爺。
12:51
So much so, the word "father" --
273
759575
2437
這麽需要「爸爸」——
12:54
I have six kids by the way.
274
762573
1945
順便一提，我有六個孩子，
12:57
My favorite role in life.
275
765273
1707
「爸爸」是我生活中最喜歡的角色，
13:01
It and husband to my wife Lyn.
276
769482
2476
還有身為我妻子，林，
的丈夫這個角色。
的丈夫這個角色。
13:07
But I stole the man's identity
because I needed the father.
because I needed the father.
277
775972
4481
但是我偷用了那個人的身份
因為我需要一個「爸爸」。
因為我需要一個「爸爸」。
13:13
Now I've gone through a whole lot of shit
278
781243
3683
我經歷了那麼多悲慘的事，
13:16
and come out on the other side,
279
784950
2007
結果我站到了另一邊，
13:18
and I forgive my father --
280
786981
1587
我原諒了我的爸爸——
13:20
the best thing I --
281
788592
1210
最好的事情——
13:21
the worst thing I --
282
789826
1289
最壞的事情——
13:23
The word I'd like to use about him
and think about him is --
and think about him is --
283
791711
3084
我想起他，形容他
想要用的詞是——
想要用的詞是——
13:26
he was a rascal.
284
794819
1368
他是一個混蛋。
13:29
The fact that he lied
and stole and cheated
and stole and cheated
285
797020
4913
他說謊、偷竊、欺騙，
13:33
and went to prison ...
286
801957
1200
然後進了監獄……
13:37
I submerge that in the word "rascal."
287
805349
3857
我讓這些都沈浸在
「混蛋」這個詞中。
「混蛋」這個詞中。
13:41
EH: Well there's a saying that amateurs
borrow and professionals steal.
borrow and professionals steal.
288
809809
6127
艾瑞克：人們常說，「外行借，內行偷」。
13:48
NL: I'm a pro.
289
816366
1225
諾曼：我是職業的。
13:49
EH: You're a pro.
290
817615
1151
艾瑞克：沒錯，你職業的。
13:50
(Laughter)
291
818790
1316
（笑聲）
13:52
And that quote is widely
attributed to John Lennon,
attributed to John Lennon,
292
820130
3147
人們普遍認為這句話出自約翰·列儂，
13:55
but it turns out
he stole it from T.S. Eliot.
he stole it from T.S. Eliot.
293
823301
2190
但其實他是從艾略特那偷來的。
13:57
So you're in good company.
294
825515
1389
所以你有好同伴了。
13:58
(Laughter)
295
826928
1158
（笑聲）
14:02
EH: I want to talk about your work.
296
830602
2325
艾瑞克：我想談談你的成就。
14:04
Obviously the impact of your work
has been written about
has been written about
297
832951
2706
顯然你的成就所帶來的影響
已經被評論過，
已經被評論過，
14:07
and I'm sure you've heard
about it all your life:
about it all your life:
298
835681
2366
我相信你已經聽過很多：
14:10
what it meant to people,
299
838071
1151
它對人們意味著什麽，
14:11
what it meant to our culture,
300
839246
1430
它對我們的文化意味著什麽，
14:12
you heard the applause when I just
named the names of the shows,
named the names of the shows,
301
840700
3001
當我剛才列舉那些電視劇電影的時候
你聽到了掌聲，
你聽到了掌聲，
14:15
you raised half the people
in the room through your work.
in the room through your work.
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你使這裏半數的人起身致敬你的成就。
14:19
But have there ever been any stories
about the impact of your work
about the impact of your work
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但有沒有使你感到驚訝
但影響你成就的故事呢？
14:22
that surprised you?
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14:24
NL: Oh, god --
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諾曼：哦，上帝——
14:26
surprised me and delighted me
from head to toe.
from head to toe.
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從頭到腳都讓我感到驚訝和欣喜。
14:33
There was "An Evening with Norman Lear"
within the last year
within the last year
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去年有一個<<和諾曼·李爾的夜晚>>
的談話節目，
的談話節目，
14:38
that a group of hip-hop impresarios,
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把一群嘻哈經理人、
14:42
performers and the Academy put together.
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舞者和電視學會聚在一起。
14:47
The subtext of "An Evening with ..."
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「和……的夜晚 」的潛台詞是：
14:49
was: What do a 92-year-old Jew --
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一個92歲的猶太人——
14:53
then 92 --
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已經92歲了——
14:55
and the world of hip-hop have in common?
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和嘻哈界會有什麽共同點呢？
14:57
Russell Simmons
was among seven on the stage.
was among seven on the stage.
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拉塞爾·西蒙斯是台上的七人之一。
15:00
And when he talked about the shows,
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當他談到那些電視劇時，
15:05
he wasn't talking about the Hollywood,
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他不是在談論好萊塢
15:09
George Jefferson in "The Jeffersons,"
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《傑佛遜一家》中的喬治傑佛遜
15:13
or the show that was a number five show.
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或是這個當時排名第五的電視劇。
15:16
He was talking about a simple
thing that made a big --
thing that made a big --
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他在談論的是，一件簡單的事情
產生了巨大的——
產生了巨大的——
15:25
EH: Impact on him?
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艾瑞克：對他產生了巨大的影響？
15:26
NL: An impact on him --
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諾曼：對他的影響——
15:28
I was hesitating over the word, "change."
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我在猶豫用「改變」這個詞。
15:31
It's hard for me to imagine,
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我很難想象，
15:34
you know, changing somebody's life,
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你知道，改變某人的人生，
15:35
but that's the way he put it.
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但是他是這麽說的。
15:37
He saw George Jefferson
write a check on "The Jeffersons,"
write a check on "The Jeffersons,"
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他看到喬治傑佛遜
在《傑佛遜一家》中開了一張支票，
在《傑佛遜一家》中開了一張支票，
15:43
and he never knew that a black man
could write a check.
could write a check.
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而他從不知道一個黑人可以寫支票。
15:48
And he says it just
impacted his life so --
impacted his life so --
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他說，這影響了他的人生——
15:53
it changed his life.
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這改變了他的人生。
15:55
And when I hear things like that --
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而當我聽到這樣的事情時——
15:58
little things --
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這些微不足道的小事——
16:00
because I know that there isn't
anybody in this audience
anybody in this audience
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因為我知道這裏的觀眾沒有人
16:03
that wasn't likely responsible today for
some little thing they did for somebody,
some little thing they did for somebody,
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會在意他們為別人做過的小事。
16:10
whether it's as little as a smile
or an unexpected "Hello,"
or an unexpected "Hello,"
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不管它小到是一個微笑
還是一個意想不到的「你好」，
還是一個意想不到的「你好」，
16:15
that's how little this thing was.
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那件事就是這麽小。
16:18
It could have been the dresser of the set
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有可能是化妝人員
16:23
who put the checkbook on the thing,
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把支票簿放在了那上面，
16:24
and George had nothing to do
while he was speaking, so he wrote it,
while he was speaking, so he wrote it,
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而喬治在說話的時候
無事可做便寫了支票，
無事可做便寫了支票，
16:28
I don't know.
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我不知道，
16:29
But --
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但是——
16:31
EH: So in addition to the long list
I shared in the beginning,
I shared in the beginning,
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艾瑞克：所以除了我在一開始
提到的那些成就，
提到的那些成就，
16:34
I should have also mentioned
that you invented hip-hop.
that you invented hip-hop.
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我也應該提及說是你創造了嘻哈。
16:37
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
16:38
NL: Well ...
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諾曼：額……
16:40
EH: I want to talk about --
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艾瑞克：我想談談——
16:42
NL: Well, then do it.
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諾曼：嗯，那就加上吧。
16:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
16:49
EH: You've lead a life of accomplishment,
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艾瑞克：你走過了充滿成就的一生，
16:52
but you've also built a life of meaning.
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但同時你也造就了充滿意義的一生。
16:54
And all of us strive to do
both of those things --
both of those things --
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我們所有人都在努力達成這兩件事——
16:57
not all of us manage to.
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不是所有人都能成功。
16:59
But even those of us who do manage
to accomplish both of those,
to accomplish both of those,
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但即使是那些
成功達成這兩件事的人，
成功達成這兩件事的人，
17:03
very rarely do we figure out
how to do them together.
how to do them together.
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也極少能弄明白
如何同時達成它們。
如何同時達成它們。
17:06
You managed to push culture
forward through your art
forward through your art
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你成功地用藝術
推動了文化的前行，
推動了文化的前行，
17:11
while also achieving world-beating
commercial success.
commercial success.
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同時也取得了驚人的商業成就。
17:15
How did you do both?
356
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你是如何同時做到的？
17:23
NL: Here's where my mind goes when I hear
that recitation of all I accomplished.
that recitation of all I accomplished.
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諾曼：這是我在聽到
我所有的成就時想到的。
我所有的成就時想到的。
17:31
This planet is one of a billion,
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我們的地球是無數行星中的一顆，
17:35
they tell us,
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他們告訴我們的，
17:36
in a universe
of which there are billions --
of which there are billions --
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在這個宇宙中有幾十億顆行星——
17:42
billions of universes,
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幾十億個宇宙、
17:44
billions of planets ...
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幾十億的行星……
17:47
which we're trying to save
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我們在試圖保護地球，
17:49
and it requires saving.
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它也需要我們的保護。
17:53
But ...
365
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但是……
17:55
anything I may have accomplished is --
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3650
我的任何成就——
17:59
my sister once asked me
what she does about something
what she does about something
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我姐姐曾問我，當時她
在紐因頓，康乃狄克州，
在紐因頓，康乃狄克州，
18:03
that was going on
in Newington, Connecticut.
in Newington, Connecticut.
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2942
做了些什麽事。
18:06
And I said, "Write your alderman
or your mayor or something."
or your mayor or something."
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2925
我說：「你就寫信給市議員或者
市長或者別的什麽。」
市長或者別的什麽。」
18:09
She said, "Well I'm not
Norman Lear, I'm Claire Lear."
Norman Lear, I'm Claire Lear."
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她說：「額，我不是諾曼·李爾，
我是克萊爾·李爾。」
我是克萊爾·李爾。」
18:13
And that was the first time
I said what I'm saying,
I said what I'm saying,
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4516
然後那是我第一次說到
我現正在談的這些事，
我現正在談的這些事，
18:18
I said, "Claire. With everything
you think about what I may have done
you think about what I may have done
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4339
我說：「克萊爾，你認為我做過的所有事
18:22
and everything you've done," --
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1477
和你做過的所有事，」——
18:24
she never left Newington --
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2343
她從未離開過紐因頓——
18:26
"can you get your fingers close enough
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「當你考慮到地球就這麼小的時候，
18:28
when you consider the size
of the planet and so forth,
of the planet and so forth,
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你能把手指並攏，老老實實地
18:32
to measure anything I may have done
to anything you may have done?"
to anything you may have done?"
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3214
來評判我做過的或者是你做過的事嗎？」
18:36
So ...
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所以……
18:38
I am convinced we're all responsible
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3588
我相信每個人都能
18:42
for doing as much
as I may have accomplished.
as I may have accomplished.
380
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3221
做到我也許已經達成的成就。
18:47
And I understand what you're saying --
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1890
我理解你說的是什麽——
18:49
EH: It's an articulate deflection --
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艾瑞克：這是一個很明顯的謊言——
18:50
NL: But you have to really buy into
the size and scope
the size and scope
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諾曼：但是你必須考慮到造物主造就的
18:54
of the creator's enterprise, here.
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1954
空間和大小，在這裏。
18:56
EH: But here on this planet
you have really mattered.
you have really mattered.
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艾瑞克：但是在地球上，你真的要想清楚。
18:59
NL: I'm a son of a gun.
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諾曼：我是個混蛋。
19:00
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
19:02
EH: So I have one more question for you.
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艾瑞克： 我還有一個問題。
19:06
How old do you feel?
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1134348
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你覺得自己幾歲了？
19:09
NL: I am the peer
of whoever I'm talking to.
of whoever I'm talking to.
390
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4412
諾曼：我是任何和我交談者的同齡人。
19:14
EH: Well, I feel 93.
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艾瑞克：嗯，我覺得我93歲了。
19:16
(Applause)
392
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（掌聲）
19:22
NL: We out of here?
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諾曼：結束了？
19:24
EH: Well, I feel 93 years old,
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艾瑞克：嗯，我覺得我93歲了，
19:25
but I hope to one day feel as young
as the person I'm sitting across from.
as the person I'm sitting across from.
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但是我希望有一天，我也能感受到
和坐在我對面的這個人一樣年輕。
和坐在我對面的這個人一樣年輕。
19:29
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士們先生們，
19:30
the incomparable Norman Lear.
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致敬偉大的諾曼·李爾。
19:32
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
19:38
NL: Thank you.
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諾曼：謝謝。
19:39
(Applause)
400
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Norman Lear - Producer, activistWriter, producer and free-speech champion Norman Lear defined decades of US popular culture with his groundbreaking TV shows.
Why you should listen
With his blockbuster TV hit All in the Family, Norman Lear introduced new icons -- Archie and Edith Bunker -- while simultaneously redefining television and its role in America’s moral conscience. The series spawned hit spin-offs like The Jeffersons, One Day at a Time and Maude, making Lear a household name throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Lear’s free-speech activism dovetails with his entertainment career. In 1981, Lear founded People for the American Way in response to a wave of religious fundamentalism he viewed as a threat to the separation of church and state. In 2001, he purchased an early print of the Declaration of Independence, showing it throughout the US as part of the Declaration of Independence Road Trip.
Lear's memoir, Even This I Get to Experience, was released in 2014. The PBS documentary series American Masters will release Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You in theaters July 2016 and on PBS and Netflix Fall 2016.
Norman Lear | Speaker | TED.com
Eric Hirshberg - CEO, Activision
Eric Hirshberg leads Activision, one of the world's largest interactive entertainment companies.
Why you should listen
Under Eric Hirshberg's leadership, Activision has delivered the largest entertainment launch in history three times with Call of Duty, the biggest new franchise launch in the industry's history with Destiny, and both the biggest kids' game and the biggest action figure line in the world with Skylanders. All of this has helped Activision Blizzard to be named as one of the 50 most innovative companies in the world by Fast Company and one of the 100 best places to work by Fortune.
Before his time at Activision, Hirshberg built the award winning advertising agency, Deutsch LA as its Co-CEO/Chief Creative Officer. Under Eric's leadership, DeutschLA was named Agency of the Year seven times. Hirshberg has been named one of the 10 most influential people in marketing by Advertising Age Magazine and one of the 50 most creative people in business by Creativity Magazine.
Hirshberg also sits on the boards of the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture and The X-Prize Foundation. In 2015, Hirshberg gave the commencement address for the School of the Arts and Architecture on June 13, 2015.
Eric Hirshberg | Speaker | TED.com