Chad Frischmann: 100 solutions to reverse global warming
查德.費里史曼: 逆轉全球暖化的百大解方
Chad Frischmann is working to get humanity to "drawdown," the point in time when the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases begins to decline on a year-to-year basis. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
you may never have heard before,
你們可能從來沒聽過,
and acting on global warming.
global warming is possible.
of greenhouse gases begin to decline
than we put into Earth's atmosphere.
about climate change,
the expression of the problem.
of the planet telling us what's going on.
情況到底如何的回饋系統。
concentrations of greenhouse gases
of reversing global warming?
就是慢慢往下降,
it sounds impossible,
這聽起來像天方夜譚,
technologies and practices
to accelerate implementation
which only leads to apathy,
called Project Drawdown.
and writers from all over the world,
研究員及作家組成的團隊合作,
those 80 can achieve drawdown.
solutions on the pipeline,
吸睛解決方案,
and financially feasible.
generation with clean, renewable sources;
取代既有的石化燃料能源;
through technological efficiency
降低石化能源消耗量;
in our plants' biomass and soil
we all learn in grade school,
就學過的過程,
of these three mechanisms
to reversing global warming.
能逆轉全球暖化的方法。
to look over the list.
to educating girls,
to rooftop solar technology.
到屋頂上的太陽能技術。
you'll see figures in gigatons,
equivalent carbon dioxide
globally over a 30-year period.
在全球實行這些方法。
about climate solutions,
electricity generation.
as the most important set of solutions,
是最重要的一套解決方法,
to notice about this list
relate to electricity.
只有五個與電力有關。
relate to the food system.
有八個跟糧食體系有關。
may come as a surprise to many people,
可能會讓很多人吃驚,
is that the decisions we make every day
及消費的糧食所做的決定,
purchase and consume
important contributions
做出的最重要的貢獻
to reversing global warming.
is also very important.
and creates new carbon sinks
and land management together,
及土地管理放在一起,
relate to how and why we use land.
traditional thinking on climate solutions.
對氣候解決方法的傳統思維。
may also surprise you.
也會使你們驚訝。
would be refrigeration management,
hydrofluorocarbons, also known as HFCs,
氫氟碳化物,又稱 HFCs,
and air conditioners to cool the air.
with the Montreal Protocol
of chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs,
on the ozone layer.
more potent a greenhouse gas
比二氧化碳強千百倍。
is a conservative figure.
還是個保守的數字。
of the Kigali agreement of 2016,
《吉佳利修正案》的影響一起計入,
of hydrofluorocarbons
natural refrigerants, which exist today,
to nearly 200 gigatons
增加到 120 至 200 吉噸
就像我們之前一樣。
of specific solutions,
特定解決方案的細節之前,
how we came to these calculations.
這些數字是怎麼算出來的。
we collected a lot of data,
to create ranges
throughout the models.
which underlies the entire project.
這是整個計畫的基礎。
projected into the future,
what we would have to do anyway.
from onshore wind turbines, for example,
而減量的 84 吉噸,
generated from wind farms
from coal or gas-fired plants.
就會排放出那麼多的量。
to build and to operate the plants
電廠所需的費用,
to compare recycling versus landfilling,
industrial agriculture,
cutting down our forests.
within and across systems
if we actually get to drawdown.
covered in solar panels.
被太陽能板蓋住的倉庫。
in urban and rural settings,
on a straw island in Lake Titicaca
一座稻草小島上的家庭
for cooking and lighting,
來煮飯及點燈,
is not only helping to reduce emissions,
這個家庭不但幫助減排,
and security for their household.
land in the tropics
to reversing global warming.
as giant sticks of carbon.
the atmosphere through photosynthesis,
biomass and soil organic carbon.
植物生質及土壤有機碳。
how we produce our food
要如何生產糧食,
and we researched over 13 of them,
我們研究了超過 13 種,
of producing food.
for centuries, for generations.
by modern agriculture,
正逐漸被現代農法取代,
and pesticides which degrade the land
而這兩者都會使土地退化,
of greenhouse gases.
on the other hand,
and large farming operations alike
on global warming.
a vegan or a vegetarian diet,
不是純素食也不是蔬食,
who make those choices.
做出這些選擇的人鼓鼓掌。
in terms of how much we consume,
how much meat is consumed.
caloric and protein intake.
becomes the number four solution
成為第四項解決方案
of all food produced is not eaten,
大約有三分之一不是被吃掉,
eight percent of global greenhouse gases.
相當驚人,佔全球的 8%。
where across the supply chain
after food leaves the farm,
early in the supply chain
and storage challenges.
in low-income countries
糧食不是被消費者浪費掉,
已經很難養活自己的國民。
after food leaves the farm,
在食物離開農場後,
at the end of the supply chain
all the production solutions
enough food on current farmland
生產足夠的糧食,
a healthy, nutrient-rich diet
to cut down forests for food production.
砍伐森林以生產糧食。
are the same solutions to food insecurity.
跟解決糧食安全的方法一樣。
does not get talked enough about,
通常很少被提出討論,
the right to choose
health clinics and education,
global population by 2050.
means reduced demand
and all other resources.
建築及其他資源。
而生產的能量及排放量,
that higher demand
the basic human right
and if to raise a family.
without equal quality of education
得到同等的教育品質。
自由發揮了一下,
right down the middle.
educating girls and family planning
教育女童及家庭計畫
to reversing global warming,
of greenhouse gases.
or a subset of solutions
far along the pathway,
或許可以帶我們走夠遠的路,
as a small solution.
was even a problem,
to human and planetary well-being.
及地球的福祉有串聯的好處。
abundant access to energy for all.
是提供全人類乾淨充分的能源。
with enough food and sustenance.
有足夠的食物及營養。
and the freedom of choice.
agroforestry, silvopasture
混農林業、林地放牧
also protects biodiversity
也保護了生物多樣化,
to all species are incalculable.
是無可計量的。
I know it's probably on everybody's mind;
心中大概都在想這件事,
that to implement all 80 solutions
全部八十項解決方法,
dollars over 30 years.
花約 29 兆美元。
global GDP is over 80 trillion every year,
超過 80 兆美元,
from implementing these solutions
這些解決方案而省下的錢
over double the costs.
比花下去的還多不只一倍。
of 44 trillion dollars.
and the return on that investment is huge.
而投資報酬率極大。
exploitative and extractive
restorative and regenerative.
恢復及再生的新常態。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chad Frischmann - Systems strategist, coalition-builderChad Frischmann is working to get humanity to "drawdown," the point in time when the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases begins to decline on a year-to-year basis.
Why you should listen
Chad Frischmann developed the methodology and models underpinning the New York Times best-seller Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming (Penguin, 2017). Drawdown was the number one best-selling environmental book of 2017 and is currently being translated into more than ten languages. In collaboration with a global team of researchers, Frischmann designed integrated global models to assess the world's most effective climate solutions and determine if, when and how the world can reach "drawdown," the point in time when the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases begins to decline on a year-to-year basis.
With an interdisciplinary background in public policy, human rights, sustainable development, and environmental conservation, Frischmann works as a systems strategist to build a new, regenerative future with cascading benefits to the environment and to human well-being. As head of research and technology since Project Drawdown's inception, he is a key spokesperson and coalition-builder dedicated to sharing the message and model of Drawdown with the world.
Frischmann provides a systems-based, action-orientated approach to research and strategic leadership. Previously, as the Senior Program Officer at The Europaeum, an association of leading European universities, Frischmann worked to further international collaboration through academic mobility and exchange between students, researchers and those working in the public and private sectors. He taught at the University of Oxford and the University of California at Berkeley and worked as a consultant and researcher for numerous organizations, from small grassroots non-profits to international agencies such as UNESCO and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.
Chad Frischmann | Speaker | TED.com