ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sydney Jensen - Educator
Sydney Jensen wants to shine a light on the emotional and mental impact of teaching students who have experienced trauma.

Why you should listen

Sydney Jensen is a ninth-grade English teacher at Lincoln High School in the epicenter of America's heartland: Lincoln, Nebraska. Lincoln is one of the nation's top cities for refugee resettlement, and students at Lincoln High speak more than 30 languages. 

Jensen also serves as an instructional coach working with new and veteran teachers to provide instructional support and mentorship. In recognition of her work in the classroom and the school community, Jensen is the 2019 Nebraska Teacher of the Year. She is a passionate advocate for increased mental and emotional wellness supports for both students and the teachers who serve them. You can read more from her here.

More profile about the speaker
Sydney Jensen | Speaker | TED.com
TED Masterclass

Sydney Jensen: How can we support the emotional well-being of teachers?

席德妮 · 詹森: 我們要如何支持老師的情緒健康?

Filmed:
1,684,037 views

老師會在情緒上支持我們的孩子——但誰來支持我們的老師?在這場讓人開眼界的演說當中,教育家席德妮 · 詹森探討老師為什麼會有「次級創傷」的風險——他們從學生的經歷中吸收情緒的重擔。她也說明學校如何能用創意的方式來支持每個人的心理健康。
- Educator
Sydney Jensen wants to shine a light on the emotional and mental impact of teaching students who have experienced trauma. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

和許多老師一樣,
每年在開學的第一天,
00:13
Like many許多 teachers教師,
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00:14
every一切 year on the first day of school學校,
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00:16
I lead a sort分類 of icebreaker破冰船 activity活動
with my students學生們.
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我都要帶我的學生
做一種破冰的活動。
00:20
I teach at Lincoln林肯 High School學校
in Lincoln林肯, Nebraska內布拉斯加州,
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我在內布拉斯加州
林肯市的林肯高中教書,
00:24
and we are one of the oldest最老的
and most diverse多種 high schools學校
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我們是這個州中最古老
且最多元化的高中之一。
00:27
in our state.
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00:30
Also, to our knowledge知識,
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此外,就我們所知,全世界只有
00:31
we're the only high school學校 in the world世界
whose誰的 mascot吉祥物 is the Links連結.
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我們這所高中的吉祥物是鏈環。
00:36
Like, a chain.
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就像一條鎖鏈。
00:37
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:39
And with that being存在 our mascot吉祥物,
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因為吉祥物是鏈環,
00:41
we have a statue雕像 out front面前 of our building建造
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我們在學校建物前有個雕像,
00:43
of four links鏈接 connected連接的 like a chain.
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是四個鏈環相扣成一條鎖鏈。
00:47
And each link鏈接 means手段 something.
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每一個鏈環都有意義。
00:50
Our links鏈接 stand for tradition傳統,
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我們的鏈環代表傳統、
00:53
excellence卓越, unity統一 and diversity多樣.
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卓越、團結、多元。
所以,開學第一天,
我都會教新的九年級生
00:58
So on the first day of school學校,
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01:00
I teach my new ninth-graders九年級學生
about the meaning含義 behind背後 those links鏈接,
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這些鏈環的意義,
01:04
and I give them each a slip of paper.
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我會給他們每人一張紙條。
01:07
On that paper, I ask them
to write something about themselves他們自己.
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我請他們在紙條上
寫下關於自己的某些事,
01:10
It can be something that they love,
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可以寫他們喜歡什麼,
01:13
something that they hope希望 for --
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寫他們的希望——
01:15
anything that describes介紹 their identity身分.
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寫什麼都行,只要能
用來說明他們的身份。
01:19
And then I go around
the room房間 with a stapler訂書機,
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接著,我拿著釘書機
在教室中走動,
01:21
and I staple釘書針 each of those slips卡瓦 together一起
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把那些紙條都釘在一起,
做成一條鎖鏈。
01:23
to make a chain.
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01:25
And we hang that chain up in our classroom課堂
as a decoration裝飾, sure,
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我們把那條鎖鏈吊在教室裡,
當然,它是種裝飾,
01:29
but also as a reminder提醒
that we are all connected連接的.
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但它也是用來提醒我們,
我們都連結在一起。
01:33
We are all links鏈接.
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我們都是鏈環。
01:36
So what happens發生 when one
of those links鏈接 feels感覺 weak?
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所以,當其中一個鏈環
感覺很脆弱時會怎麼樣?
01:41
And what happens發生 when that weakness弱點
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如果脆弱的剛好是
拿著釘書機的那個人,
01:44
is in the person holding保持 the stapler訂書機?
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會怎麼樣?
01:48
The person who's誰是 supposed應該
to make those connections連接.
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也就是應該要負責建立連結的人。
01:52
The teacher老師.
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老師。
01:54
As teachers教師, we work every一切 day
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身為老師,我們每天努力
01:57
to provide提供 support支持 socially社交上,
emotionally感情上 and academically學術上
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提供社交上、情緒上,
及學術上的支持
02:01
to our students學生們 who come to us
with diverse多種 and tough強硬 circumstances情況.
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給那些帶著各種困難狀況
來找我們的學生。
02:08
Like most teachers教師,
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和多數老師一樣,
我也有些學生每天回家
02:09
I have students學生們 who go home every一切 day,
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02:11
and they sit around the kitchen廚房 table
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會坐在餐桌邊,
等其中一位或兩位家長
02:14
while one or both parents父母 makes品牌 a healthy健康,
well-rounded成熟的 meal膳食 for them.
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為他烹煮健康豐富的餐。
他們在晚餐時間會把
那天在九年級英文課中
02:20
They spend suppertime晚餐時間 summarizing總結
the story故事 they read
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02:23
in ninth-grade九年級 English英語 that day,
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讀到的故事做個總整,
02:26
or explaining說明 how Newton's牛頓
laws法律 of motion運動 work.
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或者解釋牛頓運動定律是什麼。
但我也有些學生,放學後
02:30
But I also have students學生們
who go to the homeless無家可歸 shelter庇護
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是回到街友的庇護所,
或者團體住宅。
02:35
or to the group home.
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02:37
They go to the car汽車 that their family家庭
is sleeping睡眠 in right now.
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他們回家是回到一台車上,
他們的家人都睡在裡面。
02:42
They come to school學校 with trauma外傷,
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他們帶著創傷去上學,
02:45
and when I go home every一切 day,
that goes home with me.
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每天我回家時,這些都揮之不去。
02:49
And see, that's the hard part部分
about teaching教學.
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那是教書工作中困難的部分。
02:51
It's not the grading等級,
the lesson-planning課程規劃, the meetings會議,
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難的不是評分、規劃課程、開會,
02:55
though雖然 sure, those things do occupy佔據
a great deal合同 of teachers'教師' time and energy能源.
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當然,那些事確實會用掉
老師很多的時間和能量。
教書工作中困難的部分是
03:01
The tough強硬 part部分 about teaching教學
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03:02
is all the things
you can't control控制 for your kids孩子,
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所有那些你無法
為你的孩子控制的事,
03:06
all the things you can't change更改 for them
once一旦 they walk步行 out your door.
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所有那些一旦他們走出教室之後
你就無法為他們改變的事。
03:12
And so I wonder奇蹟
if it's always been this way.
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所以,我很納悶,
是否一直都是如此。
03:15
I think back to my undergraduate大學本科 training訓練
at the University大學 of Georgia格魯吉亞,
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我回想我在喬治亞大學
讀大學部時的訓練,
03:19
where we were taught
in our methods方法 classes
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在方法課中,我們學到
03:21
that the concept概念
of good teaching教學 has changed.
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「好的教學」的概念已經改變了。
03:25
We're not developing發展 learners學習者
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我們所培育的學習者並不是
要進入職場成為勞動力之後
03:27
who are going to go out into a workforce勞動力
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03:29
where they'll他們會 stand
on a line in a factory.
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去在工廠的生產線上。
03:32
Rather, we're sending發出 our kids孩子
out into a workforce勞動力
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我們要把我們的孩子
送去的工作場所
03:34
where they need to be able能夠 to communicate通信,
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會需要他們能夠溝通、
03:36
collaborate合作 and problem-solve問題解決.
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合作、解決問題。
03:40
And that has caused造成
teacher-student師生 relationships關係
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這就會讓師生關係
03:44
to morph變形 into something stronger
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漸漸變得更強固,
03:46
than the giver贈與者 of content內容
and the receiver接收器 of knowledge知識.
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而不只是一方給予內容,
另一方接收知識。
學生安靜排排坐聽老師講課,
03:51
Lectures講座 and sitting坐在 in silent無聲 rows
just doesn't cut it anymore.
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這種方式已經行不通了。
03:58
We have to be able能夠 to build建立 relationships關係
with and among其中 our students學生們
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我們要能和學生建立關係,
並在學生之中建立關係,
04:03
to help them feel connected連接的
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來協助他們在這個需要連結的世界上
04:05
in a world世界 that depends依靠 on it.
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感到自己有所連結。
04:10
I think back to my second第二 year teaching教學.
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我回想我教書的第二年。
04:12
I had a student學生 who I'll call "David大衛."
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我有一位學生,就稱他為「大衛」。
我記得,我當時覺得
我那年的教書表現非常好:
04:15
And I remember記得 feeling感覺 like
I'd doneDONE a pretty漂亮 good job工作
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04:18
at teaching教學 that year:
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「嘿,我不是第一年的菜鳥老師。
04:19
"Hey, I ain't no first-year第一年 teacher老師.
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04:22
I know what I'm doing."
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我知道我在幹什麼。」
04:26
And it was on the last day of school學校,
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那天是學期的最後一天,
04:27
I told David大衛 to have a great summer夏季.
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我跟大衛說,好好享受夏天。
04:31
And I watched看著 him walk步行 down the hall大廳,
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我看著他穿過大廳,
04:34
and I thought to myself,
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我心想,
04:35
I don't even know
what his voice語音 sounds聲音 like.
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我甚至不知道他的聲音
聽起來是怎樣的。
04:40
And that's when I realized實現
I wasn't doing it right.
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那時,我才了解到我沒有做對。
04:43
So I changed almost幾乎 everything
about my teaching教學.
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所以,我幾乎完全
改掉了我的教學方式。
04:46
I built內置 in plenty豐富 of opportunities機會
for my students學生們 to talk to me
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我安排了很多讓我的學生
能跟我說話的機會,
04:50
and to talk to each other,
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及和彼此說話的機會,
04:52
to share分享 their writing寫作
and to verbalize口頭化 their learning學習.
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來分享他們的作品,
將他們的學習說出來。
透過那些對談,
04:56
And it was through通過 those conversations對話
I began開始 not only to know their voice語音
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我不僅開始認識了他們的聲音,
05:02
but to know their pain疼痛.
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也開始知道他們的痛苦。
05:05
I had David大衛 in class again that next下一個 year,
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隔年,大衛還是在我的班上,
05:08
and I learned學到了 that his father父親
was undocumented無證
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我得知他的爸爸沒有正式文件,
05:11
and had been deported被驅逐出境.
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因而被驅逐出境了。
05:15
He started開始 acting演戲 out in school學校
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他開始在學校裡發洩,
05:16
because all he wanted
was for his family家庭 to be together一起 again.
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因為他只希望他能
跟家人重聚在一起。
05:21
In so many許多 ways方法, I felt his pain疼痛.
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在許多層面上,我能感受他的痛苦。
05:26
And I needed需要 someone有人 to listen,
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我需要有人能傾聽,
05:29
somebody to provide提供 support支持 for me
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有人能提供支持給我,
05:32
so that I could support支持 him in this thing
that I could not even comprehend理解.
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讓我能夠在這件我甚至
無法理解的事情上去支持他。
05:39
And we recognize認識 that need
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我們知道有人有這樣的需求,
05:42
for police警察 officers長官 who've誰一直 witnessed目擊
a gruesome陰森 crime犯罪 scene現場
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比如目擊了可怕犯罪現場的警察,
05:46
and nurses護士 who have lost丟失 a patient患者.
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以及失去了病人的護士。
05:50
But when it comes
to teaching教學 professionals專業人士,
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但對於教學相關的職業,
05:53
that urgency is lagging滯後.
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這方面的急迫性就很低。
05:57
I believe it's paramount最重要的
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我相信,至關重要的是
06:00
that students學生們 and teachers教師,
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學生和老師、
06:03
administrators管理員, paraprofessionals準專業人員
and all other support支持 staff員工
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行政人員、輔助性專業人員,
及所有其他支持性的人員,
06:08
have convenient方便 and affordable實惠 access訪問
to mental心理 wellness健康 supports支持.
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都要能夠很方便取得他們
負擔得起的心理健康支持。
06:14
When we are constantly經常 serving服務 others其他,
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我們經常在服務他人,
06:17
often經常 between之間 25
and 125 students學生們 each day,
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通常一天要服務二十五
到一百二十五名學生,
06:22
our emotional情緒化 piggy小豬 banks銀行
are constantly經常 being存在 drawn upon.
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我們的情緒撲滿經常會被動用到。
06:27
After a while, it can become成為 so depleted耗盡,
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一陣子之後,它就會被耗盡,
06:30
that we just can't bear it anymore.
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我們就無法再忍耐了。
06:35
They call it "secondary次要 trauma外傷"
and "compassion同情 fatigue疲勞,"
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這被稱為「次級創傷」
以及「同情心疲勞」,
06:39
the concept概念 that we absorb吸收 the traumas創傷
our students學生們 share分享 with us each day.
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這個概念就是我們每天都在吸收
學生和我們分享的創傷。
06:46
And after a while,
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一陣子之後,
06:48
our souls靈魂 become成為 weighed稱重 down
by the heaviness沉重 of it all.
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這沉重的負擔壓到
我們的靈魂都喘不過氣。
06:55
The Buffett巴菲特 Institute研究所
at the University大學 of Nebraska內布拉斯加州
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內布拉斯加大學的巴菲特研究所
06:57
recently最近 found發現 that most teachers教師 --
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近期發現大部分的老師——
07:00
86 percent百分 across橫過
early childhood童年 settings設置 --
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在幼兒的情境中,是 86% ——
07:04
experienced有經驗的 some depressive抑鬱 symptoms症狀
during the prior week.
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都會在先前一週出現憂鬱的症狀。
07:09
They found發現 that approximately one in 10
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他們發現,大約有十分之一的老師
07:12
reported報導 clinically臨床 significant重大
depressive抑鬱 symptoms症狀.
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回報會出現臨床顯著的憂鬱症狀。
07:17
My interactions互動 with colleagues同事
and my own擁有 experiences經驗
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我和同事的互動以及我自己的經驗
07:20
make me feel like
this is a universal普遍 struggle鬥爭
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讓我覺得這是各年級
都普遍會遇到的困難。
07:24
across橫過 all grade年級 levels水平.
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07:28
So what are we missing失踪?
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所以,我們漏掉了什麼?
07:31
What are we allowing允許 to break打破 the chain
and how do we repair修理 it?
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我們讓什麼破壞了鎖鏈?
我們要如何修復它?
07:36
In my career事業,
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在我的職涯中,我經歷過
兩個學生自殺身亡,
07:38
I've experienced有經驗的 the death死亡
by suicide自殺 of two students學生們
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07:41
and one amazing驚人 teacher老師
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還有一名深愛自己孩子的優秀老師
07:45
who loved喜愛 his kids孩子;
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也自殺身亡;
07:48
countless無數 students學生們
experiencing經歷 homelessness無家可歸;
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還有無數的學生無家可歸;
07:52
and kids孩子 entering進入 and exiting退出
the justice正義 system系統.
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有些孩子則是進進出出司法體制。
當這種事發生時,標準程序就是:
07:58
When these events事件 happen發生,
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07:59
protocol協議 is to say, "If you need
someone有人 to talk to, then ..."
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「若你需要找人談談,那麼……」
08:04
And I say that's not enough足夠.
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我說,那並不足夠。
08:07
I am so lucky幸運.
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我很幸運。
08:09
I work in an amazing驚人 school學校
with great leadership領導.
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我在一間很棒的學校工作,
有很了不起的領導階層。
08:13
I serve服務 a large district
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我為一個很大的地區服務,
08:15
with so many許多 healthy健康 partnerships夥伴關係
with community社區 agencies機構.
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和許多社區機構之間
有健康的合作關係。
08:19
They have provided提供 steadily穩步
increasing增加 numbers數字
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它們很穩定地不斷增援
08:23
of school學校 counselors心理諮詢師 and therapists治療師
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學校諮商師和治療師
08:26
and support支持 staff員工 to help our students學生們.
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及支持人員,來協助我們的學生。
08:31
They even provide提供 staff員工 members會員
with access訪問 to free自由 counseling輔導服務
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他們甚至提供免費諮詢給教職員,
08:34
as part部分 of our employment僱用 plan計劃.
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做為我們的聘僱方案的內容。
08:38
But many許多 small districts
and even some large ones那些
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但,許多小地區,
甚至有些大地區,
08:41
simply只是 cannot不能 foot腳丫子 the bill法案 without aid援助.
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若沒有協助,根本負擔不起費用。
08:48
(Exhales呼氣)
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(嘆氣)
08:53
Not only does every一切 school學校 need
social社會 and emotional情緒化 support支持 staff員工,
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每個學校都需要
社交及情緒支持人員,
08:58
trained熟練 professionals專業人士 who can navigate導航
the needs需求 of the building建造 --
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受過訓練的專業人士
來引導需求——
不僅是學生,
09:03
not just the students學生們,
not just the teachers教師, but both --
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不僅是老師,而是兩者——
我們也需要這些
受過訓練的專業人士
09:08
we also need these trained熟練 professionals專業人士
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09:10
to intentionally故意地 seek尋求 out
those closest最近的 to the trauma外傷
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刻意去尋找最接近創傷的人,
09:14
and check in with them.
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看看他們好不好。
09:18
Many許多 schools學校 are doing what they can
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許多學校在盡全力
09:20
to fill in the gaps空白,
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去填補這些不足,
09:22
starting開始 with acknowledging承認
that the work that we do
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始於認可我們所做的工作
09:24
is downright徹頭徹尾 hard.
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非常困難。
09:27
Another另一個 school學校 in Lincoln林肯,
Schoo Middle中間 School學校,
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在林肯有另一間學校,斯高中學,
09:30
has what they call "Wellness健康 Wednesdays星期三."
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有他們所謂的「健康星期三」。
09:33
They invite邀請 in community社區 yoga瑜伽 teachers教師,
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他們會邀請社區中的瑜伽老師,
09:35
they sponsor贊助 walks散步 around
the neighborhood鄰里 during lunch午餐
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他們會贊助午餐時間
在鄰坊的散步活動,
09:38
and organize組織 social社會 events事件
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並安排社交活動,
目的都是要讓大家聚在一起。
09:40
that are all meant意味著
to bring帶來 people together一起.
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09:44
Zachary扎卡里 Elementary初級 School學校
in Zachary扎卡里, Louisiana路易斯安那州,
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路易斯安那州扎卡里的扎卡里小學
09:47
has something they call
a "Midweek周中 Meetup聚會,"
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有他們所謂的「週中聚會」,
09:49
where they invite邀請 teachers教師 to share分享 lunch午餐
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他們會邀請老師來共享午餐,
09:52
and to talk about the things
that are going well
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談論進行順利的事情
09:54
and the things that are weighing稱重
heavy on their hearts心中.
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以及他們心頭的煩惱。
09:59
These schools學校 are making製造 space空間
for conversations對話 that matter.
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這些學校在努力騰出
一些空間給重要的談話。
10:05
Finally最後, my friend朋友
and colleague同事 Jen Highstreet高街街
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最後,我的朋友及同事珍海斯崔特
10:08
takes five minutes分鐘 out of each day
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每天會花五分鐘時間
10:10
to write an encouraging鼓舞人心的
note注意 to a colleague同事,
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寫下鼓勵性質的小紙條給同事,
10:13
letting出租 them know
that she sees看到 their hard work
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讓他們知道她有看見他們的努力,
10:15
and the heart that they share分享 with others其他.
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以及他們和別人分享的心。
10:18
She knows知道 that those five minutes分鐘
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她知道那五分鐘時間
10:21
can have an invaluable無價
and powerful強大 ripple波紋 effect影響
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具有無價且強大的漣漪效應,
10:24
across橫過 our school學校.
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能影響我們全校。
10:27
The chain that hangs掛起 in my classroom課堂
is more than just a decoration裝飾.
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我教室裡掛著的鎖鏈
不只是一個裝飾品。
10:35
Those links鏈接 hang over our heads
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整整四年,當我們的
學生走過大廳時,
10:37
for the entire整個 four years年份
that our students學生們 walk步行 our halls大廳.
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那些鏈環都會一直掛在我們頭上。
10:41
And every一切 year,
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毎年,
10:42
I have seniors老年人 come back
to my classroom課堂, room房間 340,
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都會有高年級生回到我的教室,
#340 教室,
10:47
and they can still point out
where their link鏈接 hangs掛起.
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他們都還能指出
他們的鏈環掛在哪裡。
10:51
They remember記得 what they wrote on it.
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他們還記得在上面寫了什麼。
10:55
They feel connected連接的 and supported支持的.
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他們感到有所連結且有人支持。
10:59
And they have hope希望.
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他們有希望。
11:01
Isn't that what we all need?
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那不是我們所有人都需要的嗎?
11:04
Somebody to reach達到 out
and make sure that we're OK.
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需要有人能伸出援手,
確保我們沒事。
11:09
To check in with us
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來看看我們好不好,
11:11
and remind提醒 us that we are a link鏈接.
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並提醒我們,我們是一個鏈環。
11:16
Every一切 now and then,
we all just need a little help
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偶爾,我們只是需要一點協助,
11:20
holding保持 the stapler訂書機.
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幫我們握住釘書機。
11:23
Thank you.
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謝謝。
11:24
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Helen Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sydney Jensen - Educator
Sydney Jensen wants to shine a light on the emotional and mental impact of teaching students who have experienced trauma.

Why you should listen

Sydney Jensen is a ninth-grade English teacher at Lincoln High School in the epicenter of America's heartland: Lincoln, Nebraska. Lincoln is one of the nation's top cities for refugee resettlement, and students at Lincoln High speak more than 30 languages. 

Jensen also serves as an instructional coach working with new and veteran teachers to provide instructional support and mentorship. In recognition of her work in the classroom and the school community, Jensen is the 2019 Nebraska Teacher of the Year. She is a passionate advocate for increased mental and emotional wellness supports for both students and the teachers who serve them. You can read more from her here.

More profile about the speaker
Sydney Jensen | Speaker | TED.com

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