TED2017
Anna Rosling Rönnlund: See how the rest of the world lives, organized by income
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What does it look like when someone in Sweden brushes their teeth or when someone in Rwanda makes their bed? Anna Rosling Rönnlund wants all of us to find out, so she sent photographers to 264 homes in 50 countries (and counting!) to document the stoves, bed, toilets, toys and more in households from every income bracket around the world. See how families live in Latvia or Burkina Faso or Peru as Rosling Rönnlund explains the power of data visualization to help us better understand the world.
Anna Rosling Rönnlund - Visualizer, lecturer
Anna Rosling Rönnlund's personal mission: to make it easy for anyone to understand the world visually. Full bio
Anna Rosling Rönnlund's personal mission: to make it easy for anyone to understand the world visually. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What images do we see
from the rest of the world?
from the rest of the world?
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We see natural disasters,
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war, terror.
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We see refugees,
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and we see horrible diseases.
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Right?
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We see beautiful beaches,
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cute animals,
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beautiful nature,
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cultural rites and stuff.
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And then we're supposed to make
the connection in our head
the connection in our head
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and create a worldview out of this.
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And how is that possible?
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I mean, the world seems so strange.
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And I don't think it is.
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I don't think the world
is that strange, actually.
is that strange, actually.
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I've got an idea.
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So, imagine the world as a street,
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where the poorest live on one end
and the richest on the other,
and the richest on the other,
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and everyone in the world
lives on this street.
lives on this street.
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You live there, I live there,
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and the neighbors we have
are the ones with the same income.
are the ones with the same income.
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People that live in the same block as me,
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they are from other countries,
other cultures, other religions.
other cultures, other religions.
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The street might look something like this.
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And I was curious.
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In Sweden where I live,
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I've been meeting quite a lot of students.
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And I wanted to know,
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where would they think
they belong on a street like this?
they belong on a street like this?
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So we changed these houses into people.
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This is the seven billion people
that live in the world.
that live in the world.
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And just by living in Sweden,
most likely you belong there,
most likely you belong there,
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which is the richest group.
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But the students, when you ask them,
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they think they are in the middle.
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And how can you understand the world
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when you see all these scary
images from the world,
images from the world,
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and you think you live in the middle,
while you're actually atop?
while you're actually atop?
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Not very easy.
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So I sent out photographers
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to 264 homes in 50 countries --
so far, still counting --
so far, still counting --
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and in each home, the photographers
take the same set of photos.
take the same set of photos.
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They take the bed,
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the stove,
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the toys
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and about 135 other things.
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So we have 40,000 images
or something at the moment,
or something at the moment,
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and it looks something like this.
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Here we see, it says on the top,
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"Families in the world by income,"
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and we have the street represented
just beneath it, you can see.
just beneath it, you can see.
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And then we see some
of the families we have visited.
of the families we have visited.
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We have the poorer to the left,
the richer to the right,
the richer to the right,
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and everybody else in between,
as the concept says.
as the concept says.
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We can go down and see the different
families we have been to so far.
families we have been to so far.
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Here, for instance, we have
a family in Zimbabwe,
a family in Zimbabwe,
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one in India, one in Russia,
and one in Mexico, for instance.
and one in Mexico, for instance.
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So we can go around and look
at the families this way.
at the families this way.
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But of course, we can choose
if we want to see some certain countries
if we want to see some certain countries
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and compare them,
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or regions, or if we want,
to see other things.
to see other things.
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So let's go to the front doors
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and see what they look like.
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Go here, and this is the world
by front doors, ordered by income.
by front doors, ordered by income.
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And we can see the big difference
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from India, Philippines, China,
Ukraine, in these examples, for instance.
Ukraine, in these examples, for instance.
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What if we go into the home?
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We can look at beds.
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This is what beds can look like.
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Doesn't look like the glossy magazines.
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Doesn't look like
the scary images in the media.
the scary images in the media.
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So remember that the students in Sweden,
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they thought they were in the middle
of the world income.
of the world income.
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So let's go there.
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We zoom in here by filtering
the street to the middle,
the street to the middle,
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like this,
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and then I ask the students:
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Is this what your bedroom looks like?
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And they would actually
not feel very at home.
not feel very at home.
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So we go down and see,
do they feel more at home here?
do they feel more at home here?
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And they would say,
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no, this is not what a Swedish
typical bedroom looks like.
typical bedroom looks like.
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We go up here,
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and suddenly, they feel sort of at home.
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And we can see here in this image,
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we see bedrooms in China, Netherlands,
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South Korea, France
and the United States, for instance.
and the United States, for instance.
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So we can click here.
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If we want to know more about the family,
the home in which this bed stands,
the home in which this bed stands,
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we can just click it and go to the family,
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and we can see all the images
from that family.
from that family.
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We can go this way, too.
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And of course, this is free
for anyone to use.
for anyone to use.
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So just go here, and please
add more images, of course.
add more images, of course.
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My personal favorite that everyone
always tries to make me not show,
always tries to make me not show,
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I'm going to show you now,
and that's toilets,
and that's toilets,
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because you're not really allowed
to look at people's toilets,
to look at people's toilets,
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but now we can just do it, right?
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So here (Laughter)
we have a lot of toilets.
we have a lot of toilets.
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They look pretty much
as we're used to, right?
as we're used to, right?
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And they are in China, Netherlands,
United States, Nepal and so forth,
United States, Nepal and so forth,
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Ukraine, France.
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And they look pretty similar, right?
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But remember, we are in the top.
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So what about checking all the toilets?
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Now it looks a bit different, doesn't it?
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So this way we can visually browse
through categories of imagery,
through categories of imagery,
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using photos as data.
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But not everything works as a photo.
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05:13
Sometimes it's easier
to understand what people do,
to understand what people do,
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so we also do video snippets
of everyday activities,
of everyday activities,
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such as washing hands, doing laundry,
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brushing teeth, and so on.
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And I'm going to show you
a short snippet of tooth-brushing,
a short snippet of tooth-brushing,
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and we’re going to start at the top.
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So we see people brushing their teeth.
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Pretty interesting to see
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the same type of plastic toothbrush
is being used in all these places
is being used in all these places
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in the same way, right?
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Some are more serious than others --
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(Laughter)
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but still, the toothbrush is there.
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And then, coming down to this poorer end,
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then we will see people
start using sticks,
start using sticks,
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and they will sometimes use their finger
to brush their teeth.
to brush their teeth.
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So this particular woman in Malawi,
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when she brushes her teeth,
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she scrapes some mud off from her wall
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and she mixes it with water,
and then she's brushing.
and then she's brushing.
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Therefore, in the Dollar Street material,
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we have tagged this image
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not only as her wall, which it is,
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but also as her toothpaste,
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because that is also what she uses it for.
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So we can say, in the poorer
end of the street,
end of the street,
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you will use a stick or your finger,
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you come to the middle,
you will start using a toothbrush,
you will start using a toothbrush,
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and then you come up to the top,
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and you will start using one each.
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Pretty nice, not sharing
a toothbrush with your grandma.
a toothbrush with your grandma.
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And you can also look at some countries.
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Here, we have the income
distribution within the US,
distribution within the US,
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most people in the middle.
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We have a family we visited
in the richer end, the Howards.
in the richer end, the Howards.
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We can see their home here.
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And we also visited a family
in the poorer end, down here.
in the poorer end, down here.
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And then what we can do now
is we can do instant comparisons
is we can do instant comparisons
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of things in their homes.
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Let's look in their cutlery drawer.
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So, observe the Hadleys:
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they have all their cutlery
in a green plastic box.
in a green plastic box.
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and they have a few different types
and some of them are plastic,
and some of them are plastic,
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while the Howards,
they have this wooden drawer
they have this wooden drawer
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with small wooden compartments in it
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and a section for each type of cutlery.
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We can add more families,
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and we can see kitchen sinks,
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or maybe living rooms.
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Of course, we can do
the same in other countries.
the same in other countries.
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So we go to China, we pick three families.
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we look at their houses,
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we can look at their sofas,
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we can look at their stoves.
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And when you see these stoves,
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I think it's obvious
that it's a stupid thing
that it's a stupid thing
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that usually, when we think
about other countries,
about other countries,
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we think they have
a certain way of doing things.
a certain way of doing things.
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But look at these stoves.
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Very different, right,
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because it depends
on what income level you have,
on what income level you have,
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how you're going to cook your food.
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But the cool thing is when we start
comparing across countries.
comparing across countries.
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So here we have China and the US.
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See the big overlap between these two.
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So we picked the two homes
we have already seen in these countries,
we have already seen in these countries,
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the Wus and the Howards.
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Standing in their bedroom,
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pretty hard to tell which one is China
and which one is the US, right?
and which one is the US, right?
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Both have brown leather sofas,
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and they have similar play structures.
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Most likely both are made in China,
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so, I mean, that's not very strange --
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(Laughter)
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but that is similar.
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We can of course go down
to the other end of the street,
to the other end of the street,
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adding Nigeria.
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So let's compare two homes
in China and Nigeria.
in China and Nigeria.
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Looking at the family photos,
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they do not look like they have
a lot in common, do they?
a lot in common, do they?
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But start seeing their ceiling.
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They have a plastic shield and grass.
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They have the same kind of sofa,
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they store their grain in similar ways,
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they're going to have fish for dinner,
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and they're boiling their water
in identical ways.
in identical ways.
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So if we would visit any of these homes,
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there's a huge risk
that we would say we know anything
that we would say we know anything
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about the specific way you do things
in China or Nigeria,
in China or Nigeria,
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while, looking at this,
it's quite obvious --
it's quite obvious --
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this is how you do things
on this income level.
on this income level.
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That is what you can see when you go
through the imagery in Dollar Street.
through the imagery in Dollar Street.
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So going back to the figures,
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the seven billion people of the world,
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now we're going to do a quick recap.
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We're going to look at comparisons
of things in the poorest group:
of things in the poorest group:
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beds,
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roofs,
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cooking.
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And observe, in all these comparisons,
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their homes are chosen
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so they are in completely
different places of the world.
different places of the world.
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But what we see is pretty identical.
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So the poorest billion cooking
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would look somewhat
the same in these two places;
the same in these two places;
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you might not have shoes;
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eating, if you don't have a spoon;
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storing salt would be similar
whether you're in Asia or in Africa;
whether you're in Asia or in Africa;
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and going to the toilet would be
pretty much the same experience
pretty much the same experience
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whether you're in Nigeria or Nepal.
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In the middle, we have
a huge group of five billion,
a huge group of five billion,
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but here we can see you will have
electric light, most likely;
electric light, most likely;
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you will no longer sleep on the floor;
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you will store your salt in a container;
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you will have more than one spoon;
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you will have more than one pen;
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the ceiling is no longer
leaking that much;
leaking that much;
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you will have shoes;
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you might have a phone,
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toys,
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and produce waste.
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Coming to our group up here,
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similar shoes, Jordan, US.
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We have sofas, fruits, hairbrushes,
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bookshelves,
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toilet paper in Tanzania, Palestine,
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hard to distinguish
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if we would sit in US, Palestine
or Tanzania from this one.
or Tanzania from this one.
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Vietnam, Kenya:
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wardrobes, lamps,
black dogs, floors, soap,
black dogs, floors, soap,
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laundry, clocks, computers,
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phones, and so on, right?
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So we have a lot of similarities
all over the world,
all over the world,
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and the images we see in the media,
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they show us the world
is a very, very strange place.
is a very, very strange place.
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But when we look
at the Dollar Street images,
at the Dollar Street images,
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they do not look like that.
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So using Dollar Street,
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we can use photos as data,
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and country stereotypes --
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they simply fall apart.
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So the person staring back at us
from the other side of the world
from the other side of the world
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actually looks quite a lot like you.
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And that implies both a call to action
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and a reason for hope.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Rosling Rönnlund - Visualizer, lecturerAnna Rosling Rönnlund's personal mission: to make it easy for anyone to understand the world visually.
Why you should listen
Always with the end consumer at heart, Anna Rosling Rönnlund spends her days making sure that Gapminder -- a foundation she co-founded with Hans and Ola Rosling to promote a fact-based Worldview that everyone can understand -- provides the world with useful and meaningful data about the world. Passionate about the visual side of data, she invented the project Dollar Street, where she uses photos as data to show how people really live on different income levels, beyond country stereotypes. Dollar Street explores a lot of items in homes like, for instance, how people brush their teeth.
Anna Rosling Rönnlund | Speaker | TED.com