TED2008
Karen Armstrong: My wish: The Charter for Compassion
Karen Armstrong iznosi svoju želju primajući TED-ovu nagradu: Povelja za suosjećanje
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Ljudi žele biti religiozni, kaže učenjakinja Karen Armstrong; morali bismo djelovati kako bismo pomogli izgraditi religiju kao snagu za postizanje sklada. Ona poziva TED zajednicu da joj pomogne izgraditi Povelju za suosjećanje, kako bi se pomoglo ponovnoj uspostavi Zlatnog pravila kao središnje globalne religiozne doktrine.
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Well, this is such an honor. And it's wonderful to be
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Ovo je zaista posebna čast. I predivno je biti
00:18
in the presence of an organization that is really making a difference in the world.
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nazočnom pred organizacijom koja zaista čini razliku u svijetu.
00:24
And I'm intensely grateful for the opportunity to speak to you today.
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I krajnje sam zahvalna na prilici da mogu pred Vama danas govoriti.
00:30
And I'm also rather surprised, because when I look back on my life
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A također sam i prilično iznenađena, jer kad se osvrnem unatrag na svoj život
00:37
the last thing I ever wanted to do was write, or be in any way involved in religion.
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zadnja stvar koju sam ikad željela raditi je bila pisati ili na bilo koji način biti uključena u religiju.
00:46
After I left my convent, I'd finished with religion, frankly.
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Kad sam napustila svoj samostan, završila sam s religijom, iskreno.
00:50
I thought that was it.
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Mislila sam, to je to.
00:51
And for 13 years I kept clear of it. I wanted to be an English literature professor.
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I 13 godina sam se držala daleko od nje. Željela sam biti profesoricom engleske književnosti.
00:59
And I certainly didn't even want to be a writer, particularly.
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A zasigurno nisam, nešto posebno, željela biti ni spisateljicom.
01:03
But then I suffered a series of career catastrophes,
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Ali tada sam pretrpjela niz katastrofa u svojoj karijeri,
01:08
one after the other, and finally found myself in television. (Laughter)
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jednu poslije druge, i konačno sam se našla na televiziji. (Smijeh)
01:18
I said that to Bill Moyers, and he said, "Oh, we take anybody." (Laughter)
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Rekla sam to Billu Moyersu, a on je odgovorio: „Pa, uzeli bi bilo koga.“ (Smijeh)
01:22
And I was doing some rather controversial religious programs.
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I radila sam neke prilično kontroverzne religiozne programe.
01:27
This went down very well in the U.K., where religion is extremely unpopular.
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To je sve dobro išlo u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, gdje je religija krajnje nepopularna.
01:34
And so, for once, for the only time in my life, I was finally in the mainstream.
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I tako, jednom, barem jednom u mom životu, konačno sam bila dijelom većinske struje.
01:39
But I got sent to Jerusalem to make a film about early Christianity.
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Ali, poslali su me u Jeruzalem da napravim film o ranom kršćanstvu.
01:46
And there, for the first time, I encountered the other religious traditions:
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I tamo, po prvi put, susrela sam se s drugim religijskim tradicijama:
01:51
Judaism and Islam, the sister religions of Christianity.
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judaizmom i islamom, sestrinskim religijama kršćanstva.
01:56
And while I found I knew nothing about these faiths at all --
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I u međuvremenu sam shvatila da ne znam apsolutno ništa o ovim vjerama,
02:00
despite my own intensely religious background,
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unatoč mojoj intenzivnoj religioznoj prošlosti.
02:05
I'd seen Judaism only as a kind of prelude to Christianity,
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Gledala sam na judaizam kao na vrstu prethodnice kršćanstvu
02:08
and I knew nothing about Islam at all.
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i nisam apsolutno ništa znala o islamu.
02:11
But in that city, that tortured city,
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Ali u tom gradu, u tom izmučenom gradu,
02:14
where you see the three faiths jostling so uneasily together,
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gdje možete vidjeti tri vjere kako se s nelagodom međusobno naguravaju,
02:20
you also become aware of the profound connection between them.
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postajete, također, i svjesni njihove duboke povezanosti.
02:23
And it has been the study of other religious traditions that brought me back
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I upravo je proučavanje drugih religijskih tradicija ono što me vratilo natrag
02:28
to a sense of what religion can be, and actually enabled me
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osjećanju onoga što bi religija mogla biti, i zapravo mi omogućilo
02:32
to look at my own faith in a different light.
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da gledam na svoju vlastitu vjeru u drugom svjetlu.
02:35
And I found some astonishing things in the course of my study
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I pronašla sam neke začuđujuće stvari tijekom tog mojeg proučavanja,
02:39
that had never occurred to me. Frankly, in the days when I thought I'd had it with religion,
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koje mi nikad ranije nisu pale na pamet. Iskreno, u danima kad sam mislila da sam završila s religijom,
02:46
I just found the whole thing absolutely incredible.
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jednostavno sam cijelu stvar nalazila apsolutno nevjerojatnom.
02:49
These doctrines seemed unproven, abstract.
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Te doktrine su izgledale nedokazane, apstraktne.
02:55
And to my astonishment, when I began seriously studying other traditions,
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I na moje čuđenje, kad sam počela ozbiljno proučavati druge tradicije,
03:02
I began to realize that belief -- which we make such a fuss about today --
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Počela sam shvaćati da je vjera – o kojoj danas dižemo toliku prašinu –
03:08
is only a very recent religious enthusiasm
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samo vrlo nedavan religijski entuzijazam
03:13
that surfaced only in the West, in about the 17th century.
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koji se raširo samo na Zapadu, okvirno u 17. stoljeću.
03:19
The word "belief" itself originally meant to love, to prize, to hold dear.
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I sama riječ „vjera“ prvotno je značila: voljeti, cijeniti, držati dragocjenim.
03:26
In the 17th century, it narrowed its focus,
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U 17. stoljeću suzilo se njeno značenje,
03:30
for reasons that I'm exploring in a book I'm writing at the moment,
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zbog razloga koje istražujem u knjizi koju trenutno pišem,
03:33
to include -- to mean an intellectual assent to a set of propositions, a credo.
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uključiti -- intelektualno pristati na niz prijedloga, kredo.
03:42
"I believe:" it did not mean, "I accept certain creedal articles of faith."
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„Ja vjerujem“ – to nije značilo: „Ja prihvaćam određene uvjeravajuće članke vjere.“
03:48
It meant: "I commit myself. I engage myself."
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To je značilo: “Obvezujem se. Angažiram se.“
03:52
Indeed, some of the world traditions think very little of religious orthodoxy.
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Doista, neke od svjetskih tradicija vrlo se malo obaziru na religijsku pravovjernost.
03:59
In the Quran, religious opinion -- religious orthodoxy -- is dismissed as "zanna:"
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U Kuranu, religijsko mišljenje – religijska pravovjernost – odbacuje se kao zanna:
04:05
self-indulgent guesswork about matters that nobody can be certain of one way or the other,
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popuštanje sebi u nagađanju o stvarima u koje nitko ne može, na ovaj ili onaj način, biti siguran,
04:11
but which makes people quarrelsome and stupidly sectarian. (Laughter)
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ali koje ljude čine svadljivima i priglupo sektaškima. (Smijeh)
04:14
So if religion is not about believing things, what is it about?
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Dakle, ako se religija ne odnosi na vjerovanje u stvari, na što se odnosi?
04:21
What I've found, across the board, is that religion is about behaving differently.
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Ono što sam otkrila, kad se sve uzme u obzir, jest da se religija odnosi na ponašanje na drugačiji način.
04:26
Instead of deciding whether or not you believe in God, first you do something.
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Umjesto odlučivanja o tome hoćete li vjerovati ili ne u Boga, prvo učinite nešto.
04:32
You behave in a committed way,
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Ponašajte se na predan način.
04:33
and then you begin to understand the truths of religion.
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I zatim počnete razumijevati istine religije.
04:37
And religious doctrines are meant to be summons to action;
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Religijske doktrine se trebaju shvatiti kao pozivi na djelovanje;
04:44
you only understand them when you put them into practice.
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možete ih razumjeti samo kad ih provedete u praksi.
04:48
Now, pride of place in this practice is given to compassion.
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I sad, počasno mjesto u toj praksi dano je suosjećanju.
04:56
And it is an arresting fact that right across the board,
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A činjenica koja privlači pozornost jest da kad se sve uzme u obzir,
05:01
in every single one of the major world faiths, compassion --
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u svakoj pojedinoj od najvećih svjetskih vjera, suosjećanje –
05:05
the ability to feel with the other in the way we've been thinking about this evening --
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sposobnost suosjećanja s drugima na način na koji smo večeras o tome razmišljali --
05:10
is not only the test of any true religiosity, it is also what will bring us
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nije samo test bilo koje istinske religioznosti, nego je također ono što će nas dovesti
05:18
into the presence of what Jews, Christians and Muslims call "God" or the "Divine."
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do prisutnosti onoga što Židovi, kršćani i muslimani zovu „Bogom“ ili „ Božanskim“.
05:23
It is compassion, says the Buddha, which brings you to Nirvana.
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Suosjećanje je ono, kaže Buda, što te dovodi do Nirvane.
05:29
Why? Because in compassion, when we feel with the other,
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Zašto? Zato, jer u suosjećanju, kad suosjećamo s drugima,
05:33
we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and we put
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detroniziramo sebe iz središta našeg svijeta i postavljamo
05:38
another person there. And once we get rid of ego, then we're ready to see the Divine.
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tamo drugu osobu. I kad se jednom otarasimo ega, tada smo spremni vidjeti Božansko.
05:46
And in particular, every single one of the major world traditions has highlighted -- has said --
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I posebice, svaka pojedina od velikih svjetskih tradicija je najviše istakla – rekla --
05:54
and put at the core of their tradition what's become known as the Golden Rule.
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i postavila u srž svoje tradicije ono što je postalo poznato kao Zlatno pravilo.
05:59
First propounded by Confucius five centuries before Christ:
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Prvi put izneseno od strane Konfucija pet stoljeća prije Krista:
06:03
"Do not do to others what you would not like them to do to you."
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„Ne čini drugima ono što ne bi želio da drugi čine tebi.“
06:07
That, he said, was the central thread which ran through all his teaching
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To je, rekao je on, središnja nit koja se provlačila kroz cijelo njegovo učenje
06:11
and that his disciples should put into practice all day and every day.
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i koju će njegovi sljedbenici morati provoditi u praksi tijekom cijeloga dana i svakog dana.
06:16
And it was -- the Golden Rule would bring them to the transcendent value that he called "ren,"
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I Zlatno pravilo je ono koje će ih dovesti do transcedentne vrijednosti koju je on nazivao renom,
06:21
human-heartedness, which was a transcendent experience in itself.
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ljudskom srčanošću, koja je bila transcedentno iskustvo u samoj sebi.
06:27
And this is absolutely crucial to the monotheisms, too.
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A to je, također, apsolutno presudno i za monoteizme.
06:34
There's a famous story about the great rabbi, Hillel, the older contemporary of Jesus.
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Postoji čuvena priča o velikom rabinu Hillelu, starijem suvremeniku Isusa.
06:37
A pagan came to him and offered to convert to Judaism if the rabbi could
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Jedan poganin mu je prišao i ponudio se da će preći na judaizam ukoliko rabin bude mogao
06:42
recite the whole of Jewish teaching while he stood on one leg.
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izrecitirati cijelo židovsko učenje stojeći na jednoj nozi.
06:45
Hillel stood on one leg and said, "That which is hateful to you,
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Hillel je stajao na jednoj nozi i rekao: „Ono što ti mrziš
06:49
do not do to your neighbor. That is the Torah. The rest is commentary.
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nemoj raditi svojem susjedu. To je Tora. Ostalo su komentari.
06:54
Go and study it." (Laughter)
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Idi i proučavaj to.“ (Smijeh)
06:56
And "go and study it" was what he meant.
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I „Idi i proučavaj to“ je bilo ono što je i mislio.
07:00
He said, "In your exegesis, you must make it clear
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Rekao je: „U svojem tumačenju, mora ti biti jasno
07:04
that every single verse of the Torah is a commentary, a gloss upon the Golden Rule."
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da je svaki pojedini stih Tore komentar, bilješka uz „Zlatno pravilo.“
07:12
The great Rabbi Meir said that any interpretation of Scripture which
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Veliki rabin Meir je rekao da je bilo koja interpretacija svetog spisa
07:19
led to hatred and disdain, or contempt of other people --
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koja vodi prema mržnji i prijeziru ili omalovažavanju drugih ljudi --
07:24
any people whatsoever -- was illegitimate.
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bilo kojih ljudi -- bila nelegitimna.
07:27
Saint Augustine made exactly the same point.
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Sveti Agustin je istakao potpuno istu stvar.
07:30
Scripture, he says, "teaches nothing but charity, and we must not leave
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Sveti spis, rekao je, „podučava ništa doli dobrohotnost, i ne smijemo napustiti
07:36
an interpretation of Scripture until we have found a compassionate interpretation of it."
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interpretaciju svetog spisa sve dok ne nađemo njegovu suosjećajnu interpretaciju.“
07:43
And this struggle to find compassion in some of these rather rebarbative texts
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I ova borba za pronalaženjem suosjećanja u nekim od ovih prilično odbojnih tekstova
07:49
is a good dress rehearsal for doing the same in ordinary life. (Applause)
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je dobar trening za rad na istome u svakodnevnom životu. (Pljesak)
07:55
But now look at our world. And we are living in a world that is --
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Ali, pogledajmo sad naš svijet. Živimo u svijetu kojem je --
08:02
where religion has been hijacked. Where terrorists cite Quranic verses to justify their atrocities.
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u kojem je religija oteta. Gdje teroristi recitiraju stihove iz Kurana kako bi opravdali svoja zvjerstva.
08:13
Where instead of taking Jesus' words, "Love your enemies.
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Gdje, umjesto uzimanja Isusovih riječi, „Volite svoje neprijatelje.
08:20
Don't judge others," we have the spectacle of Christians endlessly judging other people,
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Nemojte suditi drugima“, mi imamo sliku kršćana koji beskonačno prosuđuju druge ljude,
08:27
endlessly using Scripture as a way of arguing with other people,
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unedogled koristeći svete spise kao način svađanja s drugim ljudima,
08:33
putting other people down. Throughout the ages, religion has been used to oppress others,
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omalovažavanja drugih ljudi. Vjekovima, religije su se koristile za ugnjetavanje drugih,
08:41
and this is because of human ego, human greed.
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i to je zbog ljudskog ega, ljudske pohlepe.
08:45
We have a talent as a species for messing up wonderful things.
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Kao vrsta talentirani smo za upropaštavanje predivnih stvari.
08:50
So the traditions also insisted -- and this is an important point, I think --
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Tako su tradicije, također, zahtijevale -- i ovo je važno istaknuti, mislim --
08:57
that you could not and must not confine your compassion
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da niste mogli niti smjeli ograničiti svoje suosjećanje
09:00
to your own group: your own nation, your own co-religionists,
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na samo svoju skupinu: svoju zemlju, pripadnike svoje religije,
09:07
your own fellow countrymen. You must have what one of the Chinese sages called "jian ai":
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svoje zemljake. Morate imati ono što su kineski mudraci zvaji "jian ai":
09:12
concern for everybody. Love your enemies. Honor the stranger.
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brigu za svakoga. Volite svoje neprijatelje. Poštujte stranca.
09:18
We formed you, says the Quran, into tribes and nations so that you may know one another.
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Organizirali smo vas, kaže Kuran, u plemena i nacije, tako da možete poznavati jedan drugog.
09:24
And this, again -- this universal outreach -- is getting subdued in the strident use of religion --
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I ovo, opet -- ovaj univerzalni doseg -- pokoravan je u okviru prodornog korištenja religije,
09:34
abuse of religion -- for nefarious gains.
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zlouporabi religije -- za sramotne dobiti.
09:40
Now, I've lost count of the number of taxi drivers who,
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I sad, više ne mogu ni nabrojiti sve one vozače taksija koji mi,
09:44
when I say to them what I do for a living, inform me that religion
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kad im kažem čime se bavim, govore kako je religija
09:49
has been the cause of all the major world wars in history. Wrong.
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bila uzrokom svih velikih ratova u povijesti. Pogrešno.
09:53
The causes of our present woes are political.
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Uzroci naši sadašnjih zala su politički.
09:58
But, make no mistake about it, religion is a kind of fault line,
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Ali, možete biti sigurni, religija nosi dio krivnje,
10:09
and when a conflict gets ingrained in a region, religion can get sucked in
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i kad se sukob uvuče u regiju, povuče sa sobom i religiju,
10:13
and become part of the problem. Our modernity has been exceedingly violent.
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koja tada postaje dijelom problema. Naša suvremena povijest je bila neizmjerno nasilna.
10:18
Between 1914 and 1945, 70 million people died in Europe alone as a result of armed conflict.
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Između 1914. i 1945. sedamdeset milijuna ljudi umrlo je u Europi, samo kao rezultat oružanog sukoba.
10:28
And so many of our institutions, even football, which used to be a pleasant pastime,
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I tako mnogo naših instituicija, čak i nogomet koji je nekad bio ugodan za provod vremena
10:37
now causes riots where people even die.
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sada prouzročava nemire u kojima ima čak i mrtvih.
10:42
And it's not surprising that religion, too, has been affected by this violent ethos.
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I nije iznenađenje da je i na religiju, također, utjecao ovaj nasilni etos.
10:49
There's also a great deal, I think, of religious illiteracy around.
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Mislim da postoji, također, i vrlo mnogo nepismenosti oko nas.
10:57
People seem to think, now equate religious faith with believing things.
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Izgleda da ljudi danas smatraju religioznu vjeru i vjerovanje u stvari istovjetnim.
11:02
As though that -- we call religious people often believers,
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I mada -- mi često nazivamo religiozne ljude vjernicima,
11:07
as though that were the main thing that they do. And very often, secondary goals
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kao da je to glavna stvar koju oni rade. I vrlo često, sekundarni ciljevi
11:14
get pushed into the first place, in place of compassion and the Golden Rule.
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bivaju gurnuti na prvo mjesto, umjesto suosjećanja i Zlatnog pravila.
11:20
Because the Golden Rule is difficult. I sometimes -- when I'm speaking to
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Zbog toga što je Zlatno pravilo teško. Ponekad, kad se obraćam
11:26
congregations about compassion, I sometimes see
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kongregacijama na temu suosjećanja, ponekad vidim
11:30
a mutinous expression crossing some of their faces because
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sumnjičave izraze na nekim od njihovih lica, jer religija,
11:37
a lot of religious people prefer to be right, rather than compassionate. (Laughter)
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mnogo religioznih ljudi radije žele biti u pravu, nego suosjećajni. (Smijeh)
11:43
Now -- but that's not the whole story.
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I sad -- to nije cijela priča.
11:47
Since September the 11th, when my work on Islam suddenly propelled me
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Od 11. rujna, kad me je moj rad o islamu katapultirao
11:53
into public life, in a way that I'd never imagined, I've been able to sort of go all over the world,
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u javnost na način na koji nisam mogla ni zamisliti, bila sam, na neki način, u mogućnosti putovati svijetom
12:00
and finding, everywhere I go, a yearning for change.
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i nalaziti, gdjegod sam išla, žudnju za promjenom.
12:06
I've just come back from Pakistan, where literally thousands of people came to my lectures,
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Upravo sam se vratila iz Pakistana, gdje je doslovno tisuće ljudi nazočilo mojim predavanjima,
12:14
because they were yearning, first of all, to hear a friendly Western voice.
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zbog toga jer su žudili, prije svega, čuti prijateljski glas sa Zapada.
12:18
And especially the young people were coming. And were asking me --
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A posebno su dolazili mladi ljudi. I pitali su me --
12:25
the young people were saying, "What can we do? What can we do to change things?"
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mladi ljudi su pitali, "Što mi možemo napraviti? Što možemo napraviti kako bi promijenili stvari?"
12:30
And my hosts in Pakistan said, "Look, don't be too polite to us.
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A moji domaćini u Pakistanu su rekli, "Vidite, ne morate biti preobzirni prema nama.
12:37
Tell us where we're going wrong. Let's talk together about where religion is failing."
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Recite nam gdje griješimo. Idemo zajedno razgovarati o tome u čemu je religija neuspješna."
12:43
Because it seems to me that with -- our current situation is so serious
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Jer, meni se čini -- naša je sadašnja situacija tako ozbiljna
12:50
at the moment that any ideology that doesn't promote a sense of global understanding
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u ovom trenutku da bilo koja ideologija koja ne promiče osjećaj globalnog razumijevanja
12:59
and global appreciation of each other is failing the test of the time.
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i međusobnog globalnog uvažavanja neće preživjeti test vremena.
13:05
And religion, with its wide following ... Here in the United States,
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A religija, s tako brojnim sljedbenicima ... Ovdje u Sjedinjenim Državama
13:11
people may be being religious in a different way, as a report has just shown --
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ljudi su vjerojatno religiozni na različite načine, kao što je izvješće upravo pokazalo --
13:17
but they still want to be religious. It's only Western Europe that has retained its secularism,
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ali oni još uvijek žele biti religiozni. Samo je Zapadna Europa zadržala svoj sekularizam,
13:25
which is now beginning to look rather endearingly old-fashioned.
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koji sad počinje izgledati prilično šarmantno staromodno.
13:28
But people want to be religious, and religion should be made
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Ali, ljudi žele biti religiozni, a religiju bi trebalo izgraditi
13:35
to be a force for harmony in the world, which it can and should be --
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kao snagu za postizanje sklada u svijetu, što ona može biti i treba biti --
13:40
because of the Golden Rule.
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zbog Zlatnog pravila.
13:43
"Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you":
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"Nemojte činiti drugima ono što ne biste željeli da oni čine vama":
13:47
an ethos that should now be applied globally.
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etos kojeg bi sada trebalo globalno primijeniti.
13:50
We should not treat other nations as we would not wish to be treated ourselves.
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Ne smijemo se ophoditi prema drugim državama onako kako ne bismo željeli da se one ophode prema nama.
13:57
And these -- whatever our wretched beliefs -- is a religious matter, it's a spiritual matter.
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A ovo -- bez obzira na naša žalosna vjerovanja -- je stvar religije, to je duhovno pitanje.
14:05
It's a profound moral matter that engages and should engage us all.
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To je duboko moralno pitanje koje uključuje i treba uključivati sve nas.
14:10
And as I say, there is a hunger for change out there.
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I kao što sam rekla, postoji glad za promjenom tamo vani.
14:14
Here in the United States, I think you see it in this election campaign: a longing for change.
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Ovdje u Sjedinjenim Državama, mislim da se to vidi u ovoj predizbornoj kampanji: čežnja za promjenom.
14:20
And people in churches all over and mosques all over this continent after September the 11th,
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I ljudi u brojnim crkvama i džamijama diljem ovog kontinenta, poslije 11. rujna,
14:30
coming together locally to create networks of understanding.
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okupljaju se zajedno kako bi stvorili mrežu razumijevanja.
14:36
With the mosque, with the synagogue, saying, "We must start to speak to one another."
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S džamijama, sa sinagogama, govoreći, "Moramo početi razgovarati jedni s drugima."
14:41
I think it's time that we moved beyond the idea of toleration and move toward appreciation of the other.
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Mislim da je došlo vrijeme kad s ideje tolerancije moramo prijeći na uvažavanje jedni drugih.
14:52
I'd -- there's one story I'd just like to mention.
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Željela bih -- ima jedna priča koju bih samo željela spomenuti.
14:57
This comes from "The Iliad." But it tells you what this spirituality should be.
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Ona potječe iz "Ilijade". A govori o tome kakva bi ova duhovnost trebala biti.
15:03
You know the story of "The Iliad," the 10-year war between Greece and Troy.
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Poznata Vam je priča "Ilijade": desetogodišnji rat između Grčke i Troje.
15:08
In one incident, Achilles, the famous warrior of Greece, takes his troops out of the war,
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U jednom trenutku, Ahil, čuveni grčki ratnik, povlači svoje postrojbe iz rata,
15:13
and the whole war effort suffers. And in the course of the ensuing muddle,
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i sav ratni napor zbog toga pati. I tijekom zbrke koja je nastala,
15:19
his beloved friend, Patroclus, is killed -- and killed in single combat
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njegov voljeni prijatelj Patroclus je ubijen -- ubijen u pojedinačnoj borbi
15:25
by one of the Trojan princes, Hector. And Achilles goes mad with grief and rage and revenge,
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od strane trojanskog princa Hektora. A Ahil, poludi od tuge i bijesa i osvete,
15:30
and he mutilates the body. He kills Hector, he mutilates his body
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i unakazi tijelo -- ubije Hektora, unakazi njegovo tijelo
15:40
and then he refuses to give the body back for burial to the family,
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i potom odbije vratiti tijelo obitelji za pokop,
15:44
which means that, in Greek ethos, Hector's soul will wander eternally, lost.
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što znači, prema grčkom etosu, da će Hektorova duša vječno lutati, izgubljena.
15:51
And then one night, Priam, king of Troy, an old man,
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I potom, jedne noći, Priam, kralj Troje, starac,
15:55
comes into the Greek camp incognito, makes his way to Achilles' tent
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dolazi inkognito u grčki logor, te nađe put do Ahilovog šatora
16:00
to ask for the body of his son.
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kako bi zatražio tijelo svoga sina.
16:03
And everybody is shocked when the old man takes off his head covering and shows himself.
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I svi su zaprepašteni kad starac skine kapuljaču, otkrije svoje lice i pokaže im se.
16:10
And Achilles looks at him and thinks of his father. And he starts to weep.
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A Ahil ga pogleda i sjeti se svojega oca. I počne plakati.
16:18
And Priam looks at the man who has murdered so many of his sons,
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A Priam pogleda u čovjeka koji je ubio toliko mnogo njegovih sinova,
16:22
and he, too, starts to weep. And the sound of their weeping filled the house.
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i on, također, počne plakati. A zvuk njihovog plača ispuni prostoriju.
16:27
The Greeks believed that weeping together created a bond between people.
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Grci su vjerovali da zajedničko plakanje stvara sponu između ljudi.
16:32
And then Achilles takes the body of Hector, he hands it very tenderly to the father,
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A zatim, Ahil podigne tijelo Hektora i preda ga vrlo pažljivo ocu,
16:40
and the two men look at each other, and see each other as divine.
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i dva muškarca pogledaju jedan drugoga, i vide jedan drugoga božanskim.
16:45
That is the ethos found, too, in all the religions.
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To je etos kojeg nalazimo, također, i u svim religijama.
16:53
It's what is meant by overcoming the horror that we feel when we are under threat of our enemies,
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To je ono značenje prebrođivanja užasa kojeg osjećamo kad smo pod prijetnjom naših neprijatelja
16:59
and beginning to appreciate the other.
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i početka uvažavanja jednan drugog.
17:02
It's of great importance that the word for "holy" in Hebrew, applied to God, is "Kadosh": separate, other.
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Od iznimne je važnosti da je riječ za "sveto" na hebrejskom, koja se odnosi na Boga, "Kadosh": odvojiti, drugi.
17:11
And it is often, perhaps, the very otherness of our enemies which can
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I često je, možda, da je upravo drugost naših neprijatelja ona koja nam može
17:17
give us intimations of that utterly mysterious transcendence which is God.
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dati nagovještaj one krajnje misteriozne transcedencije koja je Bog.
17:23
And now, here's my wish:
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I sad, evo moje želje:
17:26
I wish that you would help with the creation,
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želim da Vi pomognete stvaranju,
17:32
launch and propagation of a Charter for Compassion,
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pokretanju i promicanju Povelje za suosjećanje --
17:38
crafted by a group of inspirational thinkers from
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vješto sastavljene od strane nadahnutih mislilaca iz --
17:44
the three Abrahamic traditions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam,
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triju Abrahamskih tradicija, judaizma, kršćanstva i islama,
17:48
and based on the fundamental principle of the Golden Rule.
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te zasnovane na temeljnom počelu Zlatnog pravila.
17:53
We need to create a movement among all these people that I meet in my travels --
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Trebamo stvoriti pokret među svim ovim ljudima koje susrećem tijekom svojih putovanja --
18:01
you probably meet, too -- who want to join up, in some way,
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i Vi ih vjerojatno, također, susrećete -- koji se žele priključiti, na neki način,
18:05
and reclaim their faith, which they feel, as I say, has been hijacked.
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i zatražiti natrag svoju vjeru, za koju osjećaju -- kao što sam rekla -- da im je oteta.
18:10
We need to empower people to remember the compassionate ethos,
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Moramo osnažiti ljude da se prisjete etosa suosjećanja,
18:16
and to give guidelines. This Charter would not be a massive document.
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te da daju smjernice. Ova Povelja ne bi trebala biti glomazan dokument.
18:20
I'd like to see it -- to give guidelines as to how to interpret the Scriptures,
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Željela bih to vidjeti -- davanje smjernica o tome kako interpretirati svete spise,
18:28
these texts that are being abused. Remember what the rabbis and what Augustine
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ove tekstove koji su zlouporabljani. Prisjetite se što su rabini i Augustin
18:34
said about how Scripture should be governed by the principle of charity.
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rekli, kako bi se sveti spisi trebali voditi principom dobrohotnosti.
18:37
Let's get back to that. And the idea, too, of Jews, Christians and Muslims --
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Vratimo se tome. Kao, također, i ideji, prema kojoj bi Židovi, kršćani i muslimani,
18:43
these traditions now so often at loggerheads -- working together to
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te tradicije danas tako često neprijateljske -- radili zajedno,
18:48
create a document which we hope will be signed by a thousand, at least,
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kako bi sastavili dokument za kojeg se nadamo da će ga potpisati tisuće, najmanje toliko,
18:55
of major religious leaders from all the traditions of the world.
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vodećih religijskih vođa iz svih svjetskih tradicija.
18:59
And you are the people. I'm just a solitary scholar.
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A Vi ste narod. Ja sam samo usamljena učenjakinja.
19:03
Despite the idea that I love a good time, which I was rather amazed to see coming up on me
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Unatoč tome da se volim ugodno provoditi, a bila sam i prilično zadivljena što mi se to i događa,
19:09
-- I actually spend a great deal of time alone, studying, and I'm not very --
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-- zapravo provodim veći dio vremena proučavajući i nisam baš --
19:15
you're the people with media knowledge to explain to me how we can get this to everybody,
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Vi ste ljudi sa znanjima o medijima koji mi možete objasniti kako s ovim doprijeti do svakoga,
19:22
everybody on the planet. I've had some preliminary talks,
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svakoga na planeti. Imala sam neke preliminarle razgovore,
19:26
and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, for example,
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a i nadbiskup Desmond Tutu, primjerice,
19:29
is very happy to give his name to this, as is Imam Feisal Rauf, the Imam in New York City.
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sa zadovoljstvom se svojim imenom priklonio ovome, kao i imam Faisal Rauf, imam u gradu New Yorku.
19:39
Also, I would be working with the Alliance of Civilizations at the United Nations.
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Također, radit ću sa Zajednicom civilizacija pri Ujedinjenim Narodima.
19:47
I was part of that United Nations initiative called the Alliance of Civilizations,
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Bila sam dijelom inicijative Ujedinjenih Naroda koja se zove Zajednica civilizacija,
19:55
which was asked by Kofi Annan to diagnose the causes of extremism,
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zamoljena od strane Kofia Annana da dijagnosticiram uzroke ekstremizma,
20:01
and to give practical guidelines to member states about how to avoid the escalation of further extremism.
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te dam praktične smjernice zemljama članicama o tome kako izbjeći eskalacije daljnjih ekstremizama.
20:10
And the Alliance has told me that they are very happy to work with it.
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A Zajednica mi je rekla da su vrlo sretni što mogu doprinijeti.
20:14
The importance of this is that this is -- I can see some of you starting to look worried,
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Značaj ovoga jest u tome da je ovo -- vidim da neki od Vas počinju izgledati zabrinuto,
20:20
because you think it's a slow and cumbersome body --
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jer mislite da je ovo sporo i tromo tijelo,
20:23
but what the United Nations can do is give us some neutrality,
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ali ono što Ujedinjeni Narodi mogu učiniti jest da nam daju određenu neutralnost,
20:26
so that this isn't seen as a Western or a Christian initiative, but that it's coming,
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tako da se na ovo ne gleda kao na zapadnjačku ili kršćansku inicijativu, već da ona dolazi,
20:32
as it were, from the United Nations, from the world --
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kao što i dolazi, od strane Ujedinjenih Naroda, od strane svijeta --
20:35
who would help with the sort of bureaucracy of this.
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koji bi mogli pomoći s nekom vrstom birokracije ovoga.
20:41
And so I do urge you to join me in making -- in this charter --
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I tako, pozivam Vas da mi se pridružite -- u ovoj povelji --
20:47
to building this charter, launching it and propagating it so that it becomes --
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u izgrađivanju ove povelje, njenim pokretanjem i promicanjem, tako da postane,
20:55
I'd like to see it in every college, every church, every mosque, every synagogue in the world,
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željela bih je vidjeti u svakom učilištu, u svakoj crkvi, svakoj džamiji, svakoj sinagogi u svijetu,
21:04
so that people can look at their tradition, reclaim it, and make religion a source of peace in the world,
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tako da ljudi mogu promotriti svoju tradiciju, zatražiti je natrag, te izgraditi religiju kao izvor mira u svijetu,
21:13
which it can and should be. Thank you very much. (Applause)
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što ona može i treba biti. Hvala Vam na pozornosti. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholarKaren Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.
Why you should listen
Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.
A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.
Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com