TED-Ed
Jon Bergmann: Just how small is an atom?
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Just how small are atoms? Really, really, really small. This fast-paced animation from TED-Ed uses metaphors (imagine a blueberry the size of a football stadium!) to give a visceral sense of just how small atoms are. Lesson by Jon Bergmann, animation by Cognitive Media.
Jon Bergmann - Educator
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting. Full bio
Jon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:26
You probably already know
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Kamu mungkin sudah tahu
00:28
everything is made up
of little tiny things called atoms
of little tiny things called atoms
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semua terdiri dari benda
sangat kecil yang disebut atom
sangat kecil yang disebut atom
00:30
or even that each atom
is made up of even smaller particles
is made up of even smaller particles
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atau bahwa setiap atom
terdiri dari partikel yang lebih kecil
terdiri dari partikel yang lebih kecil
00:33
called protons, neutrons and electrons.
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disebut proton, neutron, dan elektron.
00:35
And you've probably heard
that atoms are small.
that atoms are small.
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Dan kamu mungkin mendengar
bahwa atom kecil.
bahwa atom kecil.
00:38
But I bet you haven't ever thought
about how small atoms really are.
about how small atoms really are.
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Tapi aku yakin kamu belum pernah berpikir
tentang seberapa kecil atom sebenarnya.
tentang seberapa kecil atom sebenarnya.
00:42
Well, the answer is
that they are really, really small.
that they are really, really small.
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Jawabannya adalah
mereka benar-benar, benar-benar kecil.
mereka benar-benar, benar-benar kecil.
00:46
So you ask, just how small are atoms?
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Jadi kamu bertanya, seberapa kecil atom?
00:49
To understand this,
let's ask this question:
let's ask this question:
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Untuk memahami hal ini,
mari kita ajukan pertanyaan ini:
mari kita ajukan pertanyaan ini:
00:53
How many atoms are in a grapefruit?
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Berapa banyak atom dalam buah jeruk?
00:55
Well, let's assume that the grapefruit
is made up of only nitrogen atoms,
is made up of only nitrogen atoms,
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Nah, mari kita asumsikan bahwa jeruk
hanya terdiri dari atom nitrogen,
hanya terdiri dari atom nitrogen,
00:59
which isn't at all true, but there
are nitrogen atoms in a grapefruit.
are nitrogen atoms in a grapefruit.
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yang sama sekali tidak benar, tetapi ada
atom nitrogen dalam buah jeruk.
atom nitrogen dalam buah jeruk.
01:02
To help you visualize this,
let's blow up each of the atoms
let's blow up each of the atoms
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Untuk memberikan kamu gambaran,
mari perbesar setiap atom
mari perbesar setiap atom
01:05
to the size of a blueberry.
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menjadi ukuran sebuah blueberry.
01:07
And then how big
would the grapefruit have to be?
would the grapefruit have to be?
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Kemudian seberapa besar harusnya
buah jeruk?
buah jeruk?
01:10
It would have to be the same size of
-- well, actually, the Earth.
-- well, actually, the Earth.
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Ukurannya harus sama dengan bumi.
01:14
That's crazy!
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Itu gila!
01:16
You mean to say that if I filled
the Earth with blueberries,
the Earth with blueberries,
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Maksudmu kalau aku
mengisi bumi dengan blueberry,
mengisi bumi dengan blueberry,
01:18
I would have the same number
of nitrogen atoms as a grapefruit?
of nitrogen atoms as a grapefruit?
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aku akan memiliki jumlah
atom nitrogen yang sama dengan jeruk?
atom nitrogen yang sama dengan jeruk?
01:21
That's right!
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Itu benar!
01:23
So how big is the atom?
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Jadi seberapa besar atom itu?
01:25
Well, it's really, really small!
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jadi, ia sangat-sangat kecil!
01:28
And you know what?
It gets even more crazy.
It gets even more crazy.
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Dan tahu tidak? Ini bahkan lebih gila lagi
01:31
Let's now look inside of each atom
-- and thus the blueberry, right? --
-- and thus the blueberry, right? --
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Sekarang mari kita lihat dalam setiap atom
--dengan demikian blueberry, kan? -
--dengan demikian blueberry, kan? -
01:34
What do you see there?
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Apa yang kamu lihat?
01:35
In the center of the atom
is something called the nucleus,
is something called the nucleus,
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Di pusat atom
ada sesuatu yang disebut nukleus,
ada sesuatu yang disebut nukleus,
01:38
which contains protons and neutrons,
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yang mengandung proton dan neutron,
01:40
and on the outside, you'd see electrons.
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dan di luar, kamu akan melihat elektron.
01:42
So how big is the nucleus?
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Jadi seberapa besar nukleus?
01:44
If atoms are like blueberries
in the Earth,
in the Earth,
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Jika atom seperti blueberry
di Bumi,
di Bumi,
01:46
how big would the nucleus be?
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seberapa besar jadinya nukleus?
01:48
You might remember the old pictures
of the atom from science class,
of the atom from science class,
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kamu mungkin ingat foto lama
atom dari kelas sains,
atom dari kelas sains,
kamu melihat titik kecil ini pada halaman
dengan panah yang menunjuk ke inti.
dengan panah yang menunjuk ke inti.
01:51
where you saw this tiny dot on the page
with an arrow pointing to the nucleus.
with an arrow pointing to the nucleus.
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01:55
Well, those pictures,
they're not drawn to scale,
they're not drawn to scale,
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Nah, gambar itu tidak dibuat
dalam skala yang benar
dalam skala yang benar
01:57
so they're kind of wrong.
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jadi bisa dibilang salah.
01:59
So how big is the nucleus?
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Jadi seberapa besar nukleus?
02:01
So if you popped open the blueberry
and were searching for the nucleus ...
and were searching for the nucleus ...
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Jadi jika kamu membelah blueberry
dan mencari intinya ...
dan mencari intinya ...
02:06
You know what? It would be invisible.
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Tahu tidak? Ia akan tidak terlihat.
02:08
It's too small to see!
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Ia terlalu kecill untuk dilihat!
02:10
OK. Let's blow up the atom --
the blueberry --
the blueberry --
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Ok. Mari kita perbesar atom itu --
blueberry--
blueberry--
02:13
to the size of a house.
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menjadi ukuran rumah.
02:15
So imagine a ball that is as tall
as a two-story house.
as a two-story house.
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Jadi bayangkan sebuah bola setinggi rumah
dua lantai.
dua lantai.
02:18
Let's look for the nucleus
in the center of the atom.
in the center of the atom.
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Mari kita cari nukleus itu
di tengah-tengah atom.
di tengah-tengah atom.
02:21
And do you know what?
It would just barely be visible.
It would just barely be visible.
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Dan tahu tidak? Ia nyaris tidak terlihat
02:25
So to get our minds wrapped
around how big the nucleus is,
around how big the nucleus is,
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Jadi untuk mendapat kesimpulan seberapa
besar nukleus itu,
besar nukleus itu,
02:27
we need to blow up the blueberry,
up to the size of a football stadium.
up to the size of a football stadium.
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kita perlu perbesar blueberry, sampai
berukuran sebuah stadion sepak bola.
berukuran sebuah stadion sepak bola.
02:32
So imagine a ball the size
of a football stadium,
of a football stadium,
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Jadi bayangkan sebuah bola seukuran
stadion sepak bola,
stadion sepak bola,
02:35
and right smack dab
in the center of the atom,
in the center of the atom,
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dan tepat di tengah-tengah atom,
02:38
you would find the nucleus,
and you could see it!
and you could see it!
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kamu akan menemukan nukleus,
dan bisa melihatnya!!
dan bisa melihatnya!!
02:41
And it would be the size
of a small marble.
of a small marble.
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Dan ukurannya akan sekecil sebutir
kelereng
kelereng
02:45
And there's more, if I haven't
blown your mind by now.
blown your mind by now.
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Dan ada lagi, jika aku belum
membuat heran sekarang.
membuat heran sekarang.
02:47
Let's consider the atom some more.
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Mari lihat atom kembali.
02:49
It contains protons,
neutrons and electrons.
neutrons and electrons.
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Ia terdiri dari proton, neutron, dan
elektron.
elektron.
02:51
The protons and neutrons
live inside of the nucleus,
live inside of the nucleus,
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Proton dan neutron berada di dalam nukleus
02:54
and contain almost
all of the mass of the atom.
all of the mass of the atom.
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dan mengandung hampir semua masa atom.
02:56
Way on the edge are the electrons.
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Yang di tepi adalah elektron.
02:58
So if an atom is like a ball
the size of a football stadium,
the size of a football stadium,
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Jadi jika atom seperti sebuah bola
sebesar stadion sepak bola,
sebesar stadion sepak bola,
03:01
with the nucleus in the center,
and the electrons on the edge,
and the electrons on the edge,
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dengan nukleus di pusatnya,
dan elektron di tepinya,
dan elektron di tepinya,
03:03
what is in between the nucleus
and the electrons?
and the electrons?
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Apa yang berada di antara nukleus
dan elektron?
dan elektron?
03:07
Surprisingly, the answer is empty space.
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Mengejutkan, jawabannya adalah
ruang kosong.
ruang kosong.
03:10
(Wind noise)
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(suara angin)
03:13
That's right. Empty!
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Benar sekali. Kosong!
03:15
Between the nucleus and the electrons,
there are vast regions of empty space.
there are vast regions of empty space.
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Di antara nukleus dan elektron, Ada
ruang kosong yang sangat luas
ruang kosong yang sangat luas
03:19
Now, technically there are
some electromagnetic fields,
some electromagnetic fields,
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Secara teknis ada medan magnet,
03:21
but in terms of stuff,
matter, it is empty.
matter, it is empty.
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tetapi dalam hal benda, Itu ruang kosong.
03:24
Remember this vast region of empty space
is inside the blueberry,
is inside the blueberry,
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Ingat wilayah yang luas ini ruang kosong
di dalam blueberry,
di dalam blueberry,
03:28
which is inside the Earth,
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yang ada di dalam bumi,
03:30
which really are the atoms
in the grapefruit.
in the grapefruit.
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dan atom benar-benar
di jeruk.
di jeruk.
03:32
OK, one more thing,
if I can even get more bizarre.
if I can even get more bizarre.
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OK, satu hal lagi, jika
aku bahkan bisa menjadi lebih aneh.
aku bahkan bisa menjadi lebih aneh.
03:36
Since virtually all the mass
of an atom is in the nucleus --
of an atom is in the nucleus --
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Karena hampir semua massa
atom dalam inti -
atom dalam inti -
03:40
now, there is some amount
of mass in the electrons,
of mass in the electrons,
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dan, ada beberapa jumlah
massa pada elektron,
massa pada elektron,
03:43
but most of it is in the nucleus --
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tetapi sebagian besar ada dalam inti -
03:45
how dense is the nucleus?
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Seberapa padat nukleus?
03:46
Well, the answer is crazy.
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jawabannya, cukup gila.
03:48
The density of a typical nucleus
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Kepadatan dari sebuah nukleus
03:50
is four times 10 to the 17th
kilograms per meter cubed.
kilograms per meter cubed.
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adalah empat kali 10 pangkat 17
kilogram per meter kubik
kilogram per meter kubik
Tapi itu sulit digambarkan. OK, aku akan
memakai unit dalam bahasa Inggris.
memakai unit dalam bahasa Inggris.
03:54
But that's hard to visualize.
OK, I'll put it in English units.
OK, I'll put it in English units.
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03:57
2.5 times 10 to the 16th pounds
per cubic feet.
per cubic feet.
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2,5 kali 10 pangkat 16 pons
per kaki kubik.
per kaki kubik.
04:02
OK, that's still kind of hard to figure.
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OK, itu masih agak sulit dimengerti
04:04
OK, here's what I want you to do.
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OK, aku ingin kamu melakukan ini.
04:06
Make a box that is one foot
by one foot by one foot.
by one foot by one foot.
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Membuat kotak dengan sisi satu kaki,
satu kaki, satu kaki.
satu kaki, satu kaki.
04:10
Now let's go and grab
all of the nuclei from a typical car.
all of the nuclei from a typical car.
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Sekarang mari kita ambil
semua inti dari sebuah mobil.
semua inti dari sebuah mobil.
04:14
Now, cars on average weigh two tons.
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berat rata-rata mobil 2 tons.
04:16
How many cars' nuclei would you
have to put into the box
have to put into the box
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Ada berapa banyak inti mobil yang harus
dimasukkan ke dalam kotak
dimasukkan ke dalam kotak
04:20
to have your one-foot-box have
the same density of the nucleus?
the same density of the nucleus?
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agar kotakmu punya
kepadatan yang sama dengan nukleus?
kepadatan yang sama dengan nukleus?
04:23
Is it one car? Two?
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apakah satu mobil? dua?
04:24
How about 100?
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Bagaimana dengan 100?
04:26
Nope, nope and nope.
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Tidak, tidak dan tidak.
Jawabannya jauh lebih besar.
04:28
The answer is much bigger.
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04:30
It is 6.2 billion.
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Itu 6,2 miliar.
04:34
That is almost equal to the number
of people in the Earth.
of people in the Earth.
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Hampir sama dengan jumlah
manusia di Bumi.
manusia di Bumi.
04:37
So if everyone in the Earth
owned their own car --
owned their own car --
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Jadi jika semua orang
memiliki mobil sendiri -
memiliki mobil sendiri -
04:39
and they don't --
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dan mereka tidak--
04:40
(Cars honking)
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(bunyi klakson)
04:42
and we put all of those
cars into your box ...
cars into your box ...
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dan kita taruh semua
mobil ke dalam kotakmu ...
mobil ke dalam kotakmu ...
04:46
That would be about
the density of a nucleus.
the density of a nucleus.
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Itu nilainya sekitaran
kepadatan satu inti.
kepadatan satu inti.
04:49
So I'm saying that if you took
every car in the world
every car in the world
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Jadi jika kamu mengambil setiap mobil
di dunia
di dunia
04:52
and put it into your one-foot box,
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dan memasukkannya ke dalam
kotak satu kakimu,
kotak satu kakimu,
04:54
you would have the density of one nucleus.
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kamu akan memiliki kepadatan satu inti.
04:57
OK, let's review.
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OK, mari kita tinjau.
04:58
The atom is really,
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atom benar-benar,
04:59
really, really small.
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benar-benar, benar-benar kecil.
05:02
Think atoms in a grapefruit
like blueberries in the Earth.
like blueberries in the Earth.
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Pikirkan atom dalam jeruk
seperti blueberry di Bumi.
seperti blueberry di Bumi.
05:06
The nucleus is crazy small.
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Inti yang amat sangat kecil.
05:09
Now look inside the blueberry,
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Sekarang lihat ke dalam blueberry,
05:10
and blow it up to the size
of a football stadium,
of a football stadium,
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dan perbesar ke ukuran sebuah
stadion sepak bola,
stadion sepak bola,
05:13
and now the nucleus
is a marble in the middle.
is a marble in the middle.
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dan sekarang inti
kelereng di tengah.
kelereng di tengah.
05:16
The atom is made up
of vast regions of empty space.
of vast regions of empty space.
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atom terdiri dari
daerah ruang kosong yang luas.
daerah ruang kosong yang luas.
05:20
That's weird.
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Itu aneh.
05:21
The nucleus has a crazy-high density.
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Inti memiliki kepadatan yang
sangat tinggi.
sangat tinggi.
05:23
Think of putting all those cars
in your one-foot box.
in your one-foot box.
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Bayangkan semua mobil tadi
dalam kotak satu kakimu.
dalam kotak satu kakimu.
05:27
I think I'm tired.
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Aku kira aku lelah.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Bergmann - EducatorJon Bergmann co-wrote the book on the "flipped classroom" -- using video to help students master new ideas outside the traditional class setting.
Why you should listen
Jon Bergmann is considered one of the pioneers in the Flipped Class Movement -- in fact, he co-wrote the book on the Flipped Classroom, available from ISTE Press in June 2012. Bergmann believes educators should ask one guiding question: What is best for my students in my classroom? To the best of his abilities he has done this in his two-plus decades as a high school science teacher. He received the Presidential Award for Excellence for Math and Science Teaching in 2002 and was named Semi-Finalist for Colorado Teacher of the Year in 2010. He blogs at flipped-learning.com.
He is the Lead Technology Facilitator for the Joseph Sears School in Kenilworth, Illinois.
Read about the making of "How Small Is an Atom?" >>
Jon Bergmann | Speaker | TED.com