TEDxSummit
Rives: Reinventing the encyclopedia game
Rives: Menciptakan Kembali Permainan Ensiklopedia
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Didorong oleh Ensiklopedia Britannica yang menghentikan pencetakannya, pujangga Rives membangkitkan kembali permainan dari masa kecilnya. Berbicara di TEDxSummit di Doha, Rives membawa kita pada perjalanan yang mempesona melalui pengetahuan manusia yang acak (dan tidak terlalu acak): dari Chimborazo, titik terjauh dari pusat bumi hingga Ham, simpanse pertama di luar angkasa.
Rives - Performance poet, multimedia artist
Performance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life. Full bio
Performance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So, last month, the Encyclopaedia Britannica announced
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Bulan lalu, Ensiklopedia Britannica mengumumkan
00:19
that it is going out of print
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akan menghentikan pencetakannya
00:21
after 244 years, which made me nostalgic,
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setelah 244 tahun, yang membuat saya terkenang,
00:25
because I remember playing a game with the colossal encyclopedia set in my hometown library
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saya ingat saat bermain dengan banyak ensiklopedia di perpustakaan kampung halaman saya
00:31
back when I was a kid,
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saat saya masih kecil,
00:32
maybe 12 years old.
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mungkin 12 tahun.
00:33
And I wondered if I could update that game,
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Saya ingin tahu jika saya dapat memperbaharuinya
00:36
not just for modern methods,
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bukan hanya dengan metode modern
00:38
but for the modern me.
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namun juga dengan saya yang modern.
00:40
So I tried.
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Jadi saya mencobanya.
00:41
I went to an online encyclopedia,
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Saya mengunjungi ensiklopedia online,
00:42
Wikipedia, and I entered the term "Earth."
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Wikipedia, dan memasukkan "Bumi."
00:45
You can start anywhere, this time I chose Earth.
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Anda dapat mulai dari mana saja, kali ini saya memilih "Bumi."
00:47
And the first rule of the game is pretty simple.
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Aturan pertama permainan ini cukup sederhana.
00:50
You just have to read the article
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Bacalah naskah itu
00:51
until you find something you don't know,
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hingga Anda menemukan sesuatu yang Anda tidak tahu,
00:54
and preferably something your dad doesn't even know.
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lebih baik lagi jika ayah Anda juga tidak tahu.
00:57
And in this case, I quickly found this:
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Dalam kasus ini, dengan cepat saya menemukan ini:
01:00
The furthest point from the center of the Earth
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Titik terjauh dari pusat Bumi
01:02
is not the tip of Mount Everest, like I might have thought,
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bukanlah puncak Gunung Everest, seperti yang saya pikirkan,
01:05
it's the tip of this mountain: Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
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namun puncak gunung ini: Gunung Chimborazo di Ekuador.
01:08
The Earth spins, of course, as it travels around the sun,
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Sudah jelas, Bumi berputar saat mengelilingi matahari
01:12
so the Earth bulges a little bit around the middle,
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sehingga Bumi sedikit membuncit di tengah
01:14
like some Earthlings.
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seperti beberapa "penduduk Bumi.".
01:15
And even though Mount Chimborazo isn't the tallest mountain in the Andes,
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Walaupun Gunung Chimborazo bukanlah gunung tertinggi di Andes,
01:20
it's one degree away from the equator,
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namun jaraknya satu derajat menjauhi khatulistiwa,
01:21
it's riding that bulge, and so the summit of Chimborazo
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gunung ini ada pada tonjolan Bumi sehingga puncaknya
01:24
is the farthest point on Earth from the center of the Earth.
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adalah titik terjauh di permukaan Bumi dari pusat Bumi.
01:28
And it is really fun to say.
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Ini sangat menarik untuk dikatakan.
01:31
So I immediately decided,
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Jadi saya segera memutuskan
01:32
this is going to be the name of the game,
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inilah nama dari permainan ini,
01:33
or my new exclamation.
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atau seruan baru saya.
01:35
You can use it at TED.
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Anda dapat menggunakannya di TED.
01:36
Chimborazo, right?
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Chimborazo, benar?
01:37
It's like "eureka" and "bingo" had a baby.
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Ini seperti gabungan "eureka" dan "bingo."
01:39
I didn't know that;
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saya tidak tahu itu;
01:41
that's pretty cool.
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itu cukup keren.
01:42
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
01:44
So the next rule of the game is also pretty simple.
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Lalu aturan berikutnya juga cukup sederhana
01:48
You just have to find another term and look that up.
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Anda harus mencari istilah lain dan mencarinya.
01:50
Now in the old days, that meant getting out a volume
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Di masa lalu, itu berarti mencari di volume yang lain
01:53
and browsing through it alphabetically,
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dan mencarinya menurut abjad,
01:54
maybe getting sidetracked,
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mungkin akan dialihkan,
01:55
that was fun.
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itu menyenangkan.
01:56
Nowadays there are hundreds of links to choose from.
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Kini ada ratusan tautan untuk dipilih.
01:59
I can go literally anywhere in the world,
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Saya dapat menuju ke tempat manapun di dunia,
02:01
I think since I was already in Ecuador,
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Saya pikir karena saya sudah di Ekuador,
02:02
I just decided to click on the word "tropical."
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saya memutuskan untuk mengklik kata "Tropis."
02:05
That took me to this wet and warm band of the tropics
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Itu membawa saya ke lokasi basah dan hangat dari iklim tropis
02:10
that encircles the Earth.
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yang mengelilingi Bumi.
02:11
Now that's the Tropic of Cancer in the north
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Ada Garis Balik Utara di bagian utara
02:14
and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south,
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dan Garis Balik Selatan di bagian selatan,
02:15
that much I knew,
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hal itu saya tahu,
02:16
but I was surprised to learn this little fact:
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namun saya terkejut saat menemukan fakta kecil ini.
02:18
Those are not cartographers' lines,
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Itu bukanlah garis pada peta
02:21
like latitude or the borders between nations,
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seperti garis lintang atau garis batas negara,
02:24
they are astronomical phenomena caused by the Earth's tilt,
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itu adalah fenomena astronomi yang disebabkan oleh kemiringan sumbu Bumi
02:27
and they change.
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dan fenomena ini berubah.
02:29
They move; they go up, they go down.
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Garis ini bergerak naik turun.
02:31
In fact, for years, the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
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Kenyataannya, selama bertahun-tahun, Garis Balik Utara dan Selatan
02:34
have been steadily drifting towards the equator
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telah bergerak menuju khatulistiwa
02:37
at the rate of about 15 meters per year,
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dengan laju sekitar 15 meter per tahun,
02:40
and nobody told me that.
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dan tidak ada yang memberi tahu saya.
02:41
I didn't know it.
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Saya tidak tahu hal itu.
02:42
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
02:43
So to keep the game going, I just have to find another term and look that one up.
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Agar permainan terus berlanjut, saya harus mencari ungkapan lain dan melihatnya.
02:49
Since I'm already in the tropics, I chose "Tropical rainforest."
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Karena saya sudah ada di daerah tropis, saya memilih "Hutan hujan tropis."
02:53
Famous for its diversity, human diversity.
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Terkenal akan keragamannya, keragaman manusia.
02:55
There are still dozens and dozens of uncontacted tribes living on this planet.
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Masih ada lusinan suku yang tidak tersentuh di Bumi.
03:00
They're all over the globe, but virtually all of them live in tropical rainforests.
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Mereka ada di seluruh dunia, namun praktis semuanya tinggal di hutan hujan tropis.
03:05
This is the only place you can go nowadays and not get "friended."
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Inilah satu-satunya tempat yang Anda bisa pergi dan tidak "dianggap teman."
03:10
The link that I clicked on here was exotic in the beginning and then absolutely mysterious at the very end.
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Tautan yang saya klik ini cukup aneh di bagian awal dan sangat misterius di bagian akhir.
03:19
It mentioned leopards and ring-tailed coatis and poison dart frogs and boa constrictors and then
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Disebutkan mengenai macan tutul, rakun ekor cincin, kodok berpanah racun, ular boa constrictor, lalu
03:25
coleoptera,
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coleoptera,
03:27
which turn out to be beetles.
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yang ternyata adalah kumbang.
03:31
Now I clicked on this on purpose,
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Saya mengkliknya dengan sengaja,
03:33
but if I'd somehow gotten here by mistake,
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namun jika saya tidak sengaja sampai ke sana,
03:34
it does remind me, for the band, see "The Beatles,"
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wikipedia mengingatkan, untuk band, lihat "The Beatles,"
03:37
for the car see "Volkswagon Beetle,"
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untuk mobil, lihat "Volkswagon Beetle,"
03:38
but I am here for beetle beetles.
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namun saya mencari "kumbang."
03:41
This is the most successful order on the planet by far.
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Inilah golongan paling sukses di Bumi sejauh ini.
03:45
Something between 20 and 25 percent of all life forms on the planet,
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Sekitar 20 hingga 25 persen dari semua bentuk kehidupan di Bumi
03:49
including plants, are beetles.
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termasuk tanaman, adalah kumbang.
03:51
That means the next time you are in the grocery store,
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Itu berarti lain kali jika Anda pergi ke toko kelontong
03:53
take a look at the four people ahead of you in line.
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Anda melihat ada 4 orang mengantri di depan Anda.
03:55
Statistically, one of you is a beetle.
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Secara statistik, salah satu dari Anda adalah kumbang.
03:58
And if it is you, you are astonishingly well adapted.
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Jika itu Anda, artinya Anda menyesuaikan diri dengan sangat baik.
04:04
There are scavenger beetles that pick the skin and flesh off of bones in museums.
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Ada kumbang pemulung yang mengambil kulit dan daging dari tulang di museum.
04:09
There are predator beetles, that attack other insects
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Ada kumbang pemangsa, yang menyerang serangga lain
04:12
and still look pretty cute to us.
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dan masih terlihat cukup lucu bagi kita.
04:14
There are beetles that roll little balls of dung
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Ada kumbang yang menggelindingkan bola kecil kotoran
04:17
great distances across the desert floor to feed to their hatchlings.
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menyeberangi gurun untuk memberi makan anak-anaknya.
04:21
This reminded the ancient Egyptians of their god Khepri,
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Ini mengingatkan bangsa Mesir Kuno akan dewa mereka Khepri,
04:24
who renews the ball of the sun every morning,
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yang memperbarui bola matahari setiap pagi,
04:28
which is how that dung-rolling scarab
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yang menyebabkan kumbang penggelinding kotoran ini
04:30
became that sacred scarab on the breastplate of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
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menjadi kumbang suci di penutup dada Firaun Tutankhamun.
04:35
Beetles, I was reminded, have the most romantic flirtation in the animal kingdom.
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Saya diingatkan bahwa kumbang memiliki cumbuan paling romantis di dunia hewan.
04:41
Fireflies are not flies, fireflies are beetles.
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Kunang-kunang bukanlah lalat, namun kumbang.
04:44
Fireflies are coleoptera, and coleoptera communicate in other ways as well.
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Kunang-kunang adalah coleoptera, dan coleoptera berkomunikasi dengan cara lain.
04:49
Like my next link:
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Seperti tautan saya berikutnya:
04:50
The chemical language of pheromones.
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Bahasa kimia dari feromon.
04:53
Now the pheromone page took me to a video of a sea urchin having sex.
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Laman feromon ini membawa saya pada video dari bulu babi yang sedang berhubungan intiim.
04:59
Yeah.
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Yeah.
05:03
(Laughter)
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(Tawa)
05:06
And the link to aphrodisiac.
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Dan tautan ke afrodisiak.
05:08
Now that's something that increases sexual desire,
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Ini adalah sesuatu yang meningkatkan nafsu seksual,
05:10
possibly chocolate.
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mungkin coklat.
05:12
There is a compound in chocolate called phenethylamine
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Ada kandungan coklat yang disebut fenetilamina
05:15
that might be an aphrodisiac.
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yang mungkin merupakan afrodisiak.
05:17
But as the article mentions,
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Namun seperti disebutkan dalam artikel ini,
05:19
because of enzyme breakdown,
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karena kerusakan enzim,
05:20
it's unlikely that phenethylamine will reach your brain if taken orally.
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biasanya fenetilamina tidak akan mencapai otak Anda jika Anda memakannya.
05:24
So those of you who only eat your chocolate, you might have to experiment.
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Jadi bagi Anda yang hanya makan coklat, Anda harus mencobanya.
05:28
The link I clicked on here,
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Tautan yang saya klik ini,
05:31
"sympathetic magic," mostly because I understand what both of those words mean.
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"sihir simpatik," terutama karena saya mengerti arti kedua kata itu.
05:37
But not when they're together like that.
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Namun tidak saat keduanya disatukan seperti itu.
05:39
I do like sympathy. I do like magic.
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Saya suka simpatik, saya suka sihir.
05:42
So when I click on "sympathetic magic,"
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Saat saya mengklik "sihir simpatik,"
05:43
I get sympathetic magic and voodoo dolls.
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ada sihir simpatik dan boneka voodoo.
05:48
This is the boy in me getting lucky again.
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Anak kecil dalam diri saya kembali beruntung.
05:50
Sympathetic magic is imitation.
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Sihir simpatik adalah tiruan.
05:52
If you imitate something, maybe you can have an effect on it.
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Jika Anda menirukan sesuatu, mungkin Anda dapat terpengaruh.
05:55
That's the idea behind voodoo dolls, and possibly also cave paintings.
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Itulah gagasan di balik boneka voodoo, dan mungkin juga lukisan gua.
05:59
The link to cave paintings takes me to some of the oldest art known to humankind.
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Tautan pada lukisan gua membawa saya ke beberapa seni tertua yang diketahui umat manusia.
06:04
I would love to see Google maps inside some of these caves.
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Saya akan senang melihat Google maps ke dalam beberapa gua ini.
06:06
We've got tens-of-thousands-years-old artwork.
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Ada karya seni berusia puluhan ribu tahun.
06:10
Common themes around the globe include large wild animals and tracings of human hands,
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Tema yang umum adalah hewan liar besar dan jiplakan tangan manusia,
06:15
usually the left hand.
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biasanya tangan kiri.
06:17
We have been a dominantly right-handed tribe for millenia,
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Kita telah menjadi pengguna tangan kanan selama ribuan tahun,
06:22
so even though I don't know why a paleolithic person would trace his hand
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sehingga walaupun saya tidak tahu mengapa manusia purba menjiplak tangannya
06:27
or blow pigment on it from a tube,
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atau meniup pigmen dari tabung,
06:29
I can easily picture how he did it.
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saya dapat dengan mudah membayangkan cara mereka melakukannya.
06:32
And I really don't think it's that different form our own little dominant hand avatar
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Dan saya tidak merasa hal ini berbeda dari gambar tangan kanan
06:36
right there that I'm going to use now to click on the term for "hand,"
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di sana yang akan saya gunakan untuk mengklik "tangan,"
06:39
go to the page for "hand," where I found the most fun and possibly embarrassing bit of trivia
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kita mengunjungi laman "tangan," di mana saya menemukan hal sepele yang paling menyenangkan dan mungkin memalukan
06:46
I've found in a long time. It's simply this:
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yaitu hal ini:
06:48
The back of the hand is formally called the opisthenar.
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Bagian belakang tangan secara resmi disebut opisthenar.
06:52
Now that's embarrassing, because up until now,
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Ini memalukan karena sampai sekarang
06:56
every time I've said, "I know it like the back of my hand,"
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setiap kali saya berkata, "Saya tahu itu seperti belakang telapak tangan saya sendiri,"
06:59
I've really been saying, "I'm totally familiar with that,
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saya selalu berkata, "Saya sangat mengenal hal itu,
07:01
I just don't know it's freaking name, right?"
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saya hanya tidak tahu namanya, benar?"
07:04
And the link I clicked on here,
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Dan tautan yang saya klik di sini,
07:07
well, lemurs, monkeys and chimpanzees have the little opisthenar.
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kukang, monyet, dan simpanse memiliki opisthenar yang kecil.
07:12
I click on chimpanzee, and I get our closest genetic relative.
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Saya mengklik simpanse dan menemukan saudara kita yang paling dekat secara genetika.
07:16
Pan troglodytes, the name we give him, means "cave dweller."
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Pan troglodytes, nama yang kita berikan, yang berarti "yang tinggal di gua."
07:20
He doesn't.
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Namun tidak.
07:21
He lives in rainforests and savannas.
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Hewan ini tinggal di hutan hujan dan padang rumput.
07:23
It's just that we're always thinking of this guy as lagging behind us,
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Hanya saja kita selalu berpikir mereka tertinggal di belakang kita
07:26
evolutionarily or somehow uncannily creeping up on us,
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dalam hal evolusi dan secara luar biasa merambat naik pada kita,
07:29
and in some cases, he gets places before us.
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dan dalam beberapa kasus, tepat di belakang kita.
07:33
Like my next link, the almost irresistible link, Ham the Astrochimp.
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Seperti tautan berikutnya, tautan yang sangat menarik, Ham si simpanse luar angkasa.
07:38
I click on him, and I really thought he was going to bring me full circle twice, in fact.
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Saya mengkliknya dan saya berpikir dia akan membawa saya kembali dua kali.
07:42
He's born in Cameroon,
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Dia lahir di Kamerun
07:44
which is smack in the middle of my tropics map,
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yang berada di tengah peta tropis saya,
07:47
and more specifically his skeleton wound up in the Smithsonian museum getting picked clean by beetles.
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dan secara khusus kerangkanya di museum Smithsonian dimakan oleh kumbang.
07:54
In between those two landmarks in Ham's life,
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Di antara kedua tengara kehidupannya,
07:57
he flew into space.
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Ham terbang ke luar angkasa.
07:59
He experienced weightlessness and re-entry
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Dia mengalami tanpa bobot dan masuk kembali ke Bumi
08:02
months before the first human being to do it,
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beberapa bulan sebelum manusia pertama melakukannya.
08:05
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
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Kosmonot Uni Soviet, Yuri Gagarin.
08:08
When I click on Yuri Gagarin's page,
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Saat saya mengklik laman Yuri Gagarin,
08:10
I get this guy who was surprisingly short in stature,
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saya menemukan ternyata postur orang ini cukup pendek,
08:13
huge in heroism.
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namun besar dalam hal kepahlawanan.
08:14
Top estimates, Soviet estimates, put this guy at 1.65 meters,
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Perkiraan tertinggi, dia memiliki tinggi 165 cm
08:19
that is less than five and a half feet tall max,
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kurang dari lima setengah kaki,
08:22
possibly because he was malnourished as a child.
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mungkin karena dia kekurangan gizi pada waktu kecil.
08:25
Germans occupied Russia.
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Jerman menduduki Rusia.
08:27
A Nazi officer took over the Gagarin household,
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Seorang prajurit Nazi mengambil alih rumah Gagarin,
08:30
and he and his family built and lived in a mud hut.
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dia dan keluarganya tinggal di gubuk dari lumpur.
08:33
Years later, the boy from that cramped mud hut
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Beberapa tahun kemudian, anak dari gubuk lumpur sempit itu
08:37
would grow up to be the man in that cramped capsule
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tumbuh menjadi orang dalam kapsul sempit
08:40
on the tip of a rocket
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di ujung roket
08:42
who volunteered to be launched into outer space,
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yang dengan sukarela diluncurkan ke luar angkasa,
08:45
the first one of any of us to really physically leave this planet.
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manusia pertama dari kita semua yang meninggalkan planet ini.
08:50
And he didn't just leave it,
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Dia tidak hanya keluar dari Bumi,
08:51
he circled it once.
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namun mengitarinya sekali.
08:53
Fifty years later, as a tribute,
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50 tahun kemudian, sebagai penghormatan,
08:56
the International Space Station, which is still up there tonight,
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Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional yang masih ada di atas sana sekarang
09:00
synced its orbit with Gagarin's orbit,
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menyesuaikan orbitnya dengan orbit Gagarin
09:04
at the exact same time of day,
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pada waktu yang sama
09:05
and filmed it,
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dan merekamnya,
09:06
so you can go online and you can watch over 100 minutes
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jadi Anda dapat melihat sekitar 100 menit
09:10
of what must have been an absolutely mesmerizing ride,
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dari apa yang pasti merupakan perjalanan yang mempesona,
09:13
possibly a lonely one,
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mungkin juga perjalanan yang sepi,
09:15
the first person to ever see such a thing.
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orang pertama yang melakukan hal seperti itu.
09:17
And then when you've had your fill of that,
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Dan saat Anda sudah penuh akan hal itu,
09:18
you can click on one more link.
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Anda dapat mengklik satu tautan lagi.
09:21
You can come back to Earth.
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Anda kembali ke Bumi.
09:22
You return to where you started.
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Kembali ke tempat di mana Anda mulai.
09:24
You can finish your game.
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Anda dapat menyelesaikan permainan ini.
09:27
You just need to find one more fact that you didn't know.
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Anda hanya perlu satu fakta lagi yang Anda tidak tahu.
09:30
And for me, I quickly landed on this one:
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Bagi saya, saya dengan cepat melihat hal ini:
09:33
The Earth has a tolerance of about .17 percent from the reference spheroid,
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Bumi memiliki toleransi sekitar 0,17 persen dari bola acuan,
09:38
which is less than the .22 percent allowed in billiard balls.
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kurang dari batas bola biliar sebesar 0,22 persen.
09:42
This is the kind of fact I would have loved as a boy.
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Inilah fakta yang akan saya sukai jika saya masih kecil.
09:44
I found it myself.
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Saya menemukannya sendiri.
09:45
It's got some math that I can do.
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Saya dapat sedikit menghitung.
09:48
I'm pretty sure my dad doesn't know it.
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Saya cukup yakin ayah saya tidak tahu.
09:50
What this means is that if you could shrink the Earth to the size of a billiard ball,
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hal ini berarti jika Anda mengecilkan Bumi hingga seukuran bola biliar,
09:55
if you could take planet Earth, with all its mountain tops and caves
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jika Anda dapat membuat Bumi, dengan semua gunung, gua,
10:01
and rainforests, astronauts and uncontacted tribes and chimpanzees, voodoo dolls,
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hutan hujan, astronot, suku yang tidak tersentuh, simpanse, boneka voodoo,
10:06
fireflies, chocolate, sea creatures making love in the deep blue sea,
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kunang-kunang, coklat, makhluk laut yang berhubungan intim di laut dalam,
10:11
you just shrink that to the size of a billiard ball,
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jika Anda bisa mengecilkannya hingga seukuran bola biliar,
10:15
it would be as smooth as a billiard ball,
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Bumi akan sama halusnya dengan bola biliar,
10:19
presumably a billiard ball with a slight bulge around the middle.
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mungkin bola biliar dengan sedikit tonjolan di tengah.
10:23
That's pretty cool.
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Itu cukup keren.
10:26
I didn't know that.
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Saya tidak tahu itu.
10:28
Chimborazo!
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Chimborazo!
10:30
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
10:31
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rives - Performance poet, multimedia artistPerformance artist and storyteller Rives has been called "the first 2.0 poet," using images, video and technology to bring his words to life.
Why you should listen
Part poet, part storyteller, part philosopher, Rives is the co-host of TEDActive as well as a frequent TED speaker. On stage, his poems burst in many directions, exposing multiple layers and unexpected treats: childhood memories, grown-up humor, notions of love and lust, of what is lost forever and of what's still out there waiting to unfold. Chimborazo.
A regular on HBO's Def Poetry Jam, Rives also starred alongside model Bar Refaeli in the 2008 Bravo special Ironic Iconic America, touring the United States on a "roller coaster ride through the eye-popping panorama of American pop culture." Flat pages can't contain his storytelling, even when paper is his medium. The pop-up books he creates for children unfold with surprise: The Christmas Pop-Up Present expands to reveal moving parts, hidden areas and miniature booklets inside.
His latest project—the Museum of Four in the Morning—is an ode to a time that may well be part of a global conspiracy. In a good way.
Rives | Speaker | TED.com