Ray Dalio: How to build a company where the best ideas win
レイ・ダリオ: 最高のアイデアが選ばれる会社を作るには
Ray Dalio is the founder, chair and co-chief investment officer of Bridgewater Associates, a global leader in institutional portfolio management and the largest hedge fund in the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
decision-making is coming at you fast,
アルゴリズムで意思決定する未来は迫っており
to take algorithms
アルゴリズムを
that you're leaving on yourself
あなた自身の
to interact with you
殆どの人間よりも優れた方法で
than most people can.
できるからです
and I have found it to be wonderful.
素晴らしいことだと思っています
to have meaningful work
with the people I work with,
意義深い関係を持つことです
and that algorithmic decision-making.
仕組みが無い限り実現出来ないと分かりました
that I'm going to show you
I've had a terrible rote memory.
私は丸暗記が大の苦手で
how things worked for myself.
理解するのが大好きでした
with trading the markets.
and I put it in the stock market.
the stock market was hot at the time.
株式市場が熱くなっていた頃で
of Northeast Airlines.
the only company I heard of
聞いたことのある会社のなかで唯一
than five dollars a share.
と思いました
because I got lucky.
と思いました
無い事を学びました
against the consensus and be right.
正解するのは難しいものです
the consensus and be right
かつ正解しなければならないのは
is built into the price.
株価に折り込まれているためです
the consensus and be right.
正しくなければなりません
and an investor --
is making a lot of painful mistakes.
began to change.
変わり始めました
考え始めたんです
so I wouldn't make that painful mistake?
取るべき一手を見つけるというものでした
so I would remember them
書き記していたので
would be embedded in computers,
コンピューターに組み込まれ
make decisions along with me;
私と同じように意思決定を行いました
we would make these decisions.
then compared with my own decisions,
私自身の決断と比較して
those decisions were a lot better.
could make decisions much faster,
非常に迅速な意思決定を行うことができるので
my decision-making.
根本的に改善されました
立ち上げて8年後
to emerging countries
貸しており
were going to be able to pay back
the greatest debt crisis
kind of a crazy point of view.
since the Great Depression.
最悪の債務危機に陥りました
and appear on "Wall Street Week,"
『ウォール・ストリート・ウィーク』に出演し
I've got a clip here,
to be able to appear before you
is going wrong with our economy.
quoted in an article.
「最近の ある記事によりますと
with absolute certainty
『絶対の自信がある
with absolute certainty
「私は絶対の確信を持っています
and the world as a whole,
level of liquidity
to an era of stagflation."
戻ることは無いと考えます」
"What an arrogant jerk!"
「何て思い上がったヤツだ!」と思いますよ
went up rather than going down,
for myself and for my clients
莫大な資産を失いました
my operation pretty much,
4,000 dollars from my dad
experiences of my life ...
最も苦しい経験の一つでしたが
one of the greatest experiences of my life
最高の経験の一つでもありました
about decision-making.
改められたからです
謙虚さを手に入れました
people who would disagree with me
優秀な人たちを探し
stress test my perspective.
してもらおうと考えました
I would lead and others would follow
points of view were equally valued,
評価される民主主義でもなく
in which the best ideas would win out.
アイデアの能力主義を実現したかったんです
radical truthfulness
必要だということに
and radical transparency
what they really believed
tape almost all conversations
an idea meritocracy.
and say what they want.
to everybody in the company.
today in the meeting ...
you could have been that disorganized."
あれ程 要領悪く振舞わないでしょう」
I needed feedback like that.
必要だったからです
and people like Jim,
意見を述べる機会を
違ったものになっていたでしょう
for everybody to see,
公開しなかったら
実現しなかったでしょう
that's how we've been operating.
with this radical transparency
運営してきました
those principles into algorithms.
アルゴリズムに落とし込みます
the investment business,
投資事業を行ってきました
with the people management.
into what this looks like,
called the "Dot Collector"
「Dot Collector」の様子をご紹介します
would mean for the US economy.
何を意味するかを議論しました
different opinions on the matter
その問題には様々な意見があり
approaching the discussion.
意見は分かれました
これらの意見を収集します
about another person's thinking,
何か意見がある際に
to convey their assessment;
and provide a rating from one to 10.
1から10までで採点をすれば良いのです
私に3点を付けました
of open-mindedness and assertiveness.
バランスを取れなかったからです
added up like this.
このようになりました
have different opinions.
異なる意見を持っています
going to have different opinions.
about how I was doing.
私に対する評価を見てみましょう
behind the numbers.
確認することができます
gets to express their thinking,
皆自分の考えを表現できることです
in the company.
and right out of college,
that I'm approaching things terribly.
CEOの私に伝えることができます
both express their opinions
誰もが 自分の意見を伝えられると同時に
from their opinions
より高い見地から
できるようになります
from inputting their own opinions
自分の意見を入力することから
as just one of many
ひとつとして把握し
from seeing in one dimension
今まで一次元だったものが
なるようなもので
from arguing over our opinions
どの意見が最も良いかを決める
for determining which opinions are best.
会話をシフトさせます
is a computer that is watching.
コンピューターが仔細に
these people are thinking
with how they think.
関連付けます
back to each of them based on that.
それらを基に人々にアドバイスを返します
from all the meetings
of what people are like
どんな考え方をするのかを表す点描画が
to match them better with their jobs.
その人により合った仕事をあてがえます
who's reliable but not creative.
マッチングされるかも知れません
also allows us to decide
どのような責任を与えるか
based on people's merits.
意思決定を比較検討します
of people felt one way ...
一方に収束していますが…
based on people's merits,
not based on democracy,
民主主義や独裁に基づかずに
people's believability into consideration.
意思決定を行うことができます
one of the greatest tragedies of mankind,
in their minds that are wrong,
to stress test them.
そんな悲劇を排除できます
above our own opinions
自分を高めてくれるので
through everybody's eyes,
皆の目を通して 皆で物事を
better than individual decision-making
個人の意思決定よりも
behind our success.
more money for our clients
どのヘッジファンドよりも
23 out of the last 26 years.
with being radically truthful
お互いに徹底的な透明性を保つことの
for a brutal work environment.
方程式だと言い
with how are brains are prewired.
これは先天的な脳の配線と関係があると言います
that would like to know our mistakes
積極的に自分の過ちを知り
so we could do better.
改善につなげる機能が備わっているそうです
the prefrontal cortex.
which views all of this as attacks.
すべての刺激を攻撃として捉える部分―
there are two you's inside you:
2人のあなたがいるんです
that we can win this battle.
この戦いに勝つことができると考えます
prefer operating this way,
思うようになっています
in a more opaque environment.
良いと考えるようになります
there's not the brutality of --
社内政治はなく
behind-the-scenes --
酷い隠し事もありません
where people can speak up.
誰でも発言することができます
more effective relationships.
できるようになりました
25 or 30 percent of the population
これは向いていないと
about everything.
大っぴらにするわけではありません
that their bald spot is growing
誰かの赤ちゃんが可愛くないとか
in conversations with others.
観察して欲しいと思います
what they were really thinking,
what they were really like ...
what you were really thinking
あなたが本当に何を考え どんな人か
どうでしょうか
together more effective.
your relationships.
改善すると思います
集めるのに役立ち
all of that information
あなたが意思決定するのを支援してくれる
in an idea-meritocratic way.
想像してください
is coming at you
もうすぐそこに来ていて
素晴らしい世界になると思います
これが素晴らしいことになると
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ray Dalio - Hedge fund chairRay Dalio is the founder, chair and co-chief investment officer of Bridgewater Associates, a global leader in institutional portfolio management and the largest hedge fund in the world.
Why you should listen
Dalio started Bridgewater out of his two-bedroom apartment in New York City in 1975 and has grown it into the fifth most important private company in the U.S. (according to Fortune magazine). Because of the firm’s many industry-changing innovations over its 40-year history, he has been called the “Steve Jobs of investing” by aiCIO magazine and named one of TIME magazine’s "100 Most Influential People."
Dalio attributes Bridgewater’s success to its unique culture. He describes it as “a believability-weighted idea meritocracy” in which the people strive for “meaningful work and meaningful relationships through radical truth and radical transparency.” He has explained this approach in his book Principles, which has been downloaded more than three million times and has produced considerable curiosity and controversy.
Ray Dalio | Speaker | TED.com