TED2010
Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns
ギャリー・ローダーの新たな交通標識：交互に
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50%の交通事故が交差点で発生しています。ギャリー・ローダーがドライバーががよりスムーズに運転できるよう素晴しいが簡単なアイディアを共有します：”止まれ”と”譲れ”の性質を融合させた新たな交通標識--そして心ある運転手になって下さい。
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalist
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I only have three minutes
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3分しかないので
00:17
so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will
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早口になります
00:19
use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.
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"ながら"では追い切れないかもしれません
00:23
So, 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket
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まず27年前交通違反チケットを切られ
00:25
that got me thinking.
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私はこう考えました
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I've had some time to think it over.
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それ以来何度か考えているんですが
00:29
And energy efficiency is more than just
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つまりエネルギー効率というのは
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about the vehicle --
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自動車だけの問題ではなく
00:33
it's also about the road.
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道路にも関係しているのです
00:35
Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,
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道路 特に交差点の設計が重要です
00:37
of which there are two types: signalized
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2種類の交差点があります 信号機付きのものと
00:39
and unsignalized, which means stop signs.
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”止まれ”の標識です
00:41
Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.
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50%の衝突事故は交差点で起こっています
00:43
Roundabouts are much better.
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これに比べロータリーはかなり安全です
00:45
A study of 24 intersections
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24箇所の交差点を調査したところ
00:47
has found crashes drop 40 percent
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信号の交差点をロータリーに変更すると
00:50
from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.
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衝突事故が40％減少することが分かりました
00:53
Injury crashes have dropped 76 percent,
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衝突による負傷も76%減少しました
00:56
fatal crashes down 90 percent.
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致死的な衝突事故は90%減です
00:58
But that's just safety.
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しかしこれは安全面の話でしかありません
01:00
What about time and gas?
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時間とガソリンはどうでしょう？
01:02
So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,
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流れがスムーズだとブレーキの回数が減ります
01:04
which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,
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つまりアクセルの回数、燃料消費量、大気汚染
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less time wasted,
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無駄な時間も減少することになります
01:09
and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency
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ヨーロッパのエネルギー効率が
01:11
than we have in the United States.
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アメリカのものより優れている一因です
01:13
So, unsignalized intersections,
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信号なし交差点の停止標識は
01:15
meaning stop signs, they save many lives,
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多くの命を救っていますが
01:17
but there's an excessive proliferation of them.
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停止標識は増えすぎました
01:19
Small roundabouts are starting to appear.
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小さなロータリーも登場してきています
01:22
This is one in my neighborhood. And they are
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自宅近くのものです 信号機や
01:25
much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.
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”止まれ”の標識 4 本よりもずっとよいですね
01:28
They're expensive to install,
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設置は値が張りますが 標識のままだと
01:30
but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.
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もっとお金がかかります 見てみましょう
01:33
But they are not applicable in all situations.
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”止まれ”がふさわしくない場所もあります
01:34
So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.
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そこで、例えばT字路
01:37
So, it's logical that you'd have one there,
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小さな道から大きな方に入るところの
01:39
on the minor road entering the major.
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”止まれ”は理にかなっていますが
01:41
But the other two are somewhat questionable.
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残りの2箇所には疑問が残ります
01:44
So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.
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こんな交差点も 私が研究したのはこちらの交差点
01:46
Cars rarely appear on that third road.
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3 番目の道からの車は少ないのです
01:49
And so, the question is, what does that cost us?
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そこで“止まれ”の費用はいくらかという問題です
01:51
That intersection I looked at had about 3,000
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私が見たこの交差点では毎日
01:53
cars per day in each direction,
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各方向から3000台の車が通過します
01:55
and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.
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アクセルを踏むと2オンス分ガソリンが消費されます
01:57
That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,
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毎回 5 セントに 毎日 3000 台をかけて
01:59
that's $51,000 per year.
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年間で51000ドルになります
02:02
That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,
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これはガソリン代だけ 他に大気汚染や
02:04
wear on the car, and time.
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車体償却費や時間も関わります
02:06
What's that time worth?
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時間は何ドルになるでしょう？
02:08
Well, at 10 seconds per 3,000 cars,
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10秒ずつ 3000台なら
02:10
that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.
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一日では8.3時間
02:12
is $20 an hour. That is 60,000 per year.
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国内の平均時給は20ドル すなわち年間6万ドル相当です
02:16
Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,
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ガソリン代と合わせて 11万2千ドル
02:19
just for that sign in each direction.
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これが一方向の“止まれ”のコストです
02:21
Discount that back to the present, at five percent:
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割引率 5% で現在価値に直すと
02:23
over two million dollars
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200 万ドル以上です
02:26
for a stop sign, in each direction.
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一方向の標識のコストです
02:29
Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,
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さて近所の空地にはどれ位価値があるでしょう
02:33
you could actually buy the property,
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皆さん土地を購入して
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cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,
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かん木を切って見通しを良くして
02:38
and then sell it off again.
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再度売り払うことも可能なんです
02:40
And you'd still come out ahead.
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このほうがお得です
02:42
So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"
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そこで”何でこんなものがあるの？”と思いませんか？
02:44
I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?
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つまり、なんで３つも”止まれ”の標識があるのか？
02:47
Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?
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命を守っているからです 他の達成法は
02:50
The answer is to enable cars
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ないでしょうか？
02:52
to come in from that side road safely.
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脇道から安全に合流できればいいのです
02:54
Because there are a lot of people who might live up there
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T字路の合流では 幹線の車が減速しないので
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and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form
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脇道から出られない車を先頭に
02:58
because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.
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長い列が出来ることになります
03:01
Can that be accomplished with existing signs?
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果たして既存の標識で大丈夫でしょうか？
03:03
So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.
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”止まれ”と”譲れ”の標識には長い歴史があるんです
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Stop signs were invented in 1915,
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”止まれ”の標識は1915年に作られました
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yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.
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”譲れ”は1950年に、これで終わりです
03:11
So, why not use a yield sign?
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”譲れ”を使えばいいじゃないか
03:13
Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.
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”譲れ”の標識は、右側の車に道を譲れというものです
03:16
That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait
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つまりもし車が5台並んでいたらあなたは6番目
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till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion
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5台全部行くまで進めません これには
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of alternating, or taking turns,
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譲り合いの精神が欠落しています
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and it's always on the minor road,
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この標識は必ず脇道に設置され
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allowing the major one to have primacy.
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幹線の方に優先権を与えます
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So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.
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既存の標識に新たな意味を与えるのは難しく
03:28
You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember
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「今までの"譲れ"は忘れよう」
03:30
what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."
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というわけにはいきません
03:32
That would not work.
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これでは駄目です
03:34
So, what the world needs now
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そこで我々が今必要なのは
03:36
is a new type of sign.
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新しいタイプの標識です
03:38
(Applause)
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（拍手）
03:42
So, you'd have a little instruction below it,
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下側に指示を記載した標識もつけます
03:45
you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.
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官報を見ない人もいますから
03:47
And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.
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要は”止まれ”と”譲れ”の融合体です
03:50
It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.
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T の形は 「交互に (Turns)」 の T
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And uncertainty results in caution.
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見慣れないので注意を引きます
03:55
When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with
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対処のわからない未知の状況下では
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they slow down.
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スピードを落とします
03:59
So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...
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さぁ 皆さんもう立派な”交通学者”です
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(Laughter)
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（笑）
04:02
don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.
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この標識を待ってはだめですよ すぐに変えられるものではありませんから
04:05
But you all are members of communities,
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でも皆さん全員が地域の一員ですから
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and you can exercise your community influence
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地域にはたらきかけて
04:09
to create more sensible traffic flows.
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思いやりある交通の流れを作れるでしょう
04:11
And you can have more impact on the environment
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皆さんの地域でこういう変化を起こせば
04:13
just getting your neighborhood to change these things
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環境問題に対する貢献は 車を替えるよりも
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than by changing your vehicle. Thank you very much.
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大きなものになります ありがとうございました
04:18
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalistGary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute.
Why you should listen
Gary Lauder is the Managing Partner of Lauder Partners LLC, a Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm investing primarily in information technologies. He has been a venture capitalist since 1985, investing in some 60 private companies. He is also chair of ActiveVideo Networks, a developer of interactive television technology for cable, IPTV and other forms of internet delivery. Other directorships: Promptu, MediaFriends and ShotSpotter. Investments are primarily in television/IPTV technology and web arenas.
He is the co-creator of the Aspen Institute's Socrates Society with Laura, his wife. He has had a working cable modem (usually) in his home since 1994. He is co-inventor of 10 patents, has spoken at some 80 industry forums, and, since 1992, has published several articles about the future of the cable industry ... that he still stands by.
Gary Lauder | Speaker | TED.com