TED2010
Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns
Gerijs Louders: Brauciet pārmaiņus
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Piecdesmit procenti no satiksmes negadījumiem notiek krustojumos. Gerijs Louders dalās izcilā un lētā idejā, kas autovadītājiem ļauj braukt vienmērīgāk, jaunu ceļa zīmi, kas apvieno divas jau esošas ceļa zīmes — „Stop” un „Dodiet ceļu” un lūdz vadītājiem būt pieklājīgiem.
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalist
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I only have three minutes
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Man ir tikai trīs minūtes,
00:17
so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will
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tādēļ man vajadzēs runāt ātri, un tas liks
00:19
use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.
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jums izmantot savus brīvos smadzeņu resursus, tādēļ paralēla darbošanās ar citām lietām var būt pagrūta.
00:23
So, 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket
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Tātad, pirms 27 gadiem es saņēmu satiksmes soda kvīti,
00:25
that got me thinking.
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kas man lika aizdomāties.
00:27
I've had some time to think it over.
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Man bija kāds laiks, lai to visu pārdomātu.
00:29
And energy efficiency is more than just
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Energoefektivitāte ir saistīta ne vien
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about the vehicle --
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ar transportlīdzekli,
00:33
it's also about the road.
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bet arī ar ceļu.
00:35
Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,
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Ietekmējošs ir ceļu projektējums, īpaši krustojumi,
00:37
of which there are two types: signalized
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kas ir divu veidu: regulējamie
00:39
and unsignalized, which means stop signs.
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un neregulējamie, kas nozīmē „Stop” zīmes.
00:41
Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.
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50 procenti no avārijām notiek krustojumos.
00:43
Roundabouts are much better.
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Apļi ir daudz labāki.
00:45
A study of 24 intersections
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24 krustojumu pētījumā
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has found crashes drop 40 percent
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noskaidroja, ka avāriju skaits samazinās par 40 procentiem,
00:50
from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.
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ja luksofora krustojumu pārveido par apli.
00:53
Injury crashes have dropped 76 percent,
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Avārijas ar ievainotajiem samazinās par 76 procentiem.
00:56
fatal crashes down 90 percent.
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Negadījumi ar bojāgājušajiem — par 90 procentiem.
00:58
But that's just safety.
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Bet tā ir tikai drošība.
01:00
What about time and gas?
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Kā ir ar laiku un degvielu?
01:02
So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,
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Satiksme turpina plūst, kas nozīmē mazāku bremzēšanu,
01:04
which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,
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kas nozīmē mazāku ātruma palielināšanu, mazāk degvielas un mazāk piesārņojuma.
01:07
less time wasted,
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mazāk iztērētā laika.
01:09
and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency
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Daļēji tādēļ arī Eiropā satiksme ir efektīvāka
01:11
than we have in the United States.
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nekā šeit, ASV.
01:13
So, unsignalized intersections,
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Tātad, neregulējamie krustojumi,
01:15
meaning stop signs, they save many lives,
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proti, „Stop” zīmes, tie glābj daudzas dzīvības,
01:17
but there's an excessive proliferation of them.
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taču tos pārmērīgi pavairo.
01:19
Small roundabouts are starting to appear.
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Ir sākuši parādīties mazi apļi.
01:22
This is one in my neighborhood. And they are
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Lūk, viens manā apkaimē. Tie ir
01:25
much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.
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daudz labāki par luksoforiem, labāki par četrvirzienu „Stop” zīmēm.
01:28
They're expensive to install,
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Tos ir dārgi ieviest,
01:30
but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.
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bet vēl dārgāk ir tos neieviest. Mums vajadzētu par to padomāt.
01:33
But they are not applicable in all situations.
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Bet tie nav piemēroti visās situācijās.
01:34
So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.
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Ņemsim par piemēru trīsvirzienu krustojumu.
01:37
So, it's logical that you'd have one there,
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Ir loģiski, ka jums būs viena zīme šeit,
01:39
on the minor road entering the major.
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mazākas nozīmes ceļam, kas krustojas ar galveno.
01:41
But the other two are somewhat questionable.
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Bet abu pārējo zīmju vajadzība ir diezgan apšaubāma.
01:44
So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.
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Lūk, viens. Lūk, vēl viens, kuru es pētīju.
01:46
Cars rarely appear on that third road.
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Mašīnas reti kad parādās uz šī trešā ceļa.
01:49
And so, the question is, what does that cost us?
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Jautājums ir: ko tas mums izmaksā?
01:51
That intersection I looked at had about 3,000
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Krustojumā, kuru pētīju, dienā katrā virzienā
01:53
cars per day in each direction,
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brauca aptuveni 3000 mašīnu,
01:55
and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.
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un tās ir divas unces (0,06 litri) degvielas paātrinājumam.
01:57
That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,
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Tie ir pieci centi par katru unci, un reiz 3000 mašīnas katru dienu,
01:59
that's $51,000 per year.
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tie ir 51,000 dolāri gadā.
02:02
That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,
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Tās ir tikai degvielas izmaksas. Vēl ir arī piesārņojums,
02:04
wear on the car, and time.
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mašīnas nolietojums un laiks.
02:06
What's that time worth?
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Cik dārgs ir šis laiks?
02:08
Well, at 10 seconds per 3,000 cars,
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Tātad, 10 sekundes reiz 3000 mašīnas
02:10
that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.
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ir 8,3 stundas dienā. Vidējā alga ASV
02:12
is $20 an hour. That is 60,000 per year.
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ir 20 dolāri stundā. Tie ir 60,000 dolāru gadā.
02:16
Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,
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Saskaitiet to kopā ar degvielu, un tie ir 112,000 dolāru gadā
02:19
just for that sign in each direction.
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tikai par šo zīmi katrā virzienā.
02:21
Discount that back to the present, at five percent:
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Pārrēķinot, cik tas sanāk tagad, ievērojot 5% likmi,
02:23
over two million dollars
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tie ir vairāk kā divi miljoni dolāru
02:26
for a stop sign, in each direction.
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par „Stop” zīmi katrā virzienā.
02:29
Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,
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Aplūkojot, cik vērtīgs ir šis blakus esošais īpašums,
02:33
you could actually buy the property,
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jūs varētu iegādāties īpašumu,
02:35
cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,
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nogriezt krūmājus, lai uzlabotu redzamību,
02:38
and then sell it off again.
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un tad atkal pārdot.
02:40
And you'd still come out ahead.
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Un pat tad tas jums būtu izdevīgi.
02:42
So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"
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Tāpēc tas liek aizdomāties: „Kāpēc tā tur atrodas?”
02:44
I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?
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Proti, kāpēc tur ir „Stop” zīme katrā virzienā?
02:47
Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?
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Tāpēc, ka tā glābj dzīvības. Vai ir labāks veids, kā sasniegt šo mērķi?
02:50
The answer is to enable cars
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Atbilde ir nodrošināt mašīnām
02:52
to come in from that side road safely.
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no sānu ceļa drošu pieeju galvenajam ceļam.
02:54
Because there are a lot of people who might live up there
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Tādēļ, ka tur, iespējams, dzīvo daudz cilvēku,
02:56
and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form
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un ja viņiem ir jāgaida bezgalīgi, var izveidoties gara rinda,
02:58
because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.
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jo mašīnas uz galvenā ceļa nesamazina ātrumu.
03:01
Can that be accomplished with existing signs?
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Vai to var atrisināt ar esošajām ceļa zīmēm?
03:03
So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.
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„Stop” un „Dodiet ceļu” zīmēm ir pagara vēsture.
03:06
Stop signs were invented in 1915,
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„Stop” zīmes izgudroja 1915.gadā.
03:08
yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.
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„Dodiet ceļu” zīmes — 1950.gadā. Bet tas ir viss, kas mums ir.
03:11
So, why not use a yield sign?
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Kāpēc gan nelietot zīmi „Dodiet ceļu”?
03:13
Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.
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„Dodiet ceļu” zīmes funkcija ir dot priekšroku transportlīdzeklim pa labo roku.
03:16
That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait
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Tas nozīmē, ja tur ir piecas mašīnas, jums ir jāgaida,
03:18
till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion
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kamēr tās visas aizbrauc, un tikai tad varat braukt. Zīme neparedz
03:20
of alternating, or taking turns,
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mainīšanos vai secīgi braukšanu,
03:22
and it's always on the minor road,
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un tā vienmēr atrodas uz mazāk svarīgā ceļa,
03:24
allowing the major one to have primacy.
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dodot priekšrocību galvenajam ceļam.
03:26
So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.
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Ir grūti dot jaunu nozīmi jau esošai zīmei.
03:28
You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember
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Jūs nevarētu pēkšņi kādam teikt: „Labi, atceraties,
03:30
what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."
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ko līdz šim darījāt pie zīmēm „Dodiet ceļu”? Tagad dariet ko citu.”
03:32
That would not work.
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Tas nestrādātu.
03:34
So, what the world needs now
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Tāpēc pasaulei vajag
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is a new type of sign.
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jauna veida zīmi.
03:38
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
03:42
So, you'd have a little instruction below it,
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Jums tai apakšā būtu mazs paskaidrojums
03:45
you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.
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tiem, kas neredzētu publiskos paziņojumus.
03:47
And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.
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Tā apvieno „Stop” un „Dodiet ceļu” zīmes.
03:50
It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.
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Tā ir T formas veidā, norādot secīgu priekšroku.
03:52
And uncertainty results in caution.
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Nepārliecinātība izraisa piesardzību.
03:55
When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with
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Cilvēki nonākot nepieredzētā situācijā, un viņiem nezinot, kā rīkoties,
03:57
they slow down.
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viņi piebremzē.
03:59
So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...
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Nu, kad jūs visi esat „ceļa lietpratēji” ...
04:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
04:02
don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.
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negaidiet, ka šī zīme tiks pielāgota, tās lietas nenotiek tik ātri.
04:05
But you all are members of communities,
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Bet jūs visi esat kopienu biedri
04:07
and you can exercise your community influence
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un spējat ietekmēt kopienu
04:09
to create more sensible traffic flows.
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veidot saprātīgāku satiksmes plūsmu.
04:11
And you can have more impact on the environment
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Jums var būt lielāka ietekme uz vidi,
04:13
just getting your neighborhood to change these things
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pārliecinot apkārtējos iedzīvotājus mainīt šīs lietas,
04:15
than by changing your vehicle. Thank you very much.
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nekā nomainot savu auto. Liels paldies.
04:18
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalistGary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute.
Why you should listen
Gary Lauder is the Managing Partner of Lauder Partners LLC, a Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm investing primarily in information technologies. He has been a venture capitalist since 1985, investing in some 60 private companies. He is also chair of ActiveVideo Networks, a developer of interactive television technology for cable, IPTV and other forms of internet delivery. Other directorships: Promptu, MediaFriends and ShotSpotter. Investments are primarily in television/IPTV technology and web arenas.
He is the co-creator of the Aspen Institute's Socrates Society with Laura, his wife. He has had a working cable modem (usually) in his home since 1994. He is co-inventor of 10 patents, has spoken at some 80 industry forums, and, since 1992, has published several articles about the future of the cable industry ... that he still stands by.
Gary Lauder | Speaker | TED.com