TED2010
Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns
Nová dopravná značka Garyho Laudera: Na striedačku
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50% dopravných nehôd sa stáva na križovatkách. Gary Lauder sa delí o brilantnú a lacnú myšlienku, ktorá pomôže vodičom jazdiť plynule: nová dopravná značka, ktorá kombinuje vlastnosti "Stop" a "Daj prednosť v jazde" a ktorá žiada od vodičov viac slušnosti.
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalist
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Gary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I only have three minutes
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Mám iba tri minúty,
00:17
so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will
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a preto budem hovoriť veľmi rýchlo, a budem
00:19
use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.
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využívať vaše voľné myšlienkové cykly, takže multitasking bude pre vás ťažký.
00:23
So, 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket
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Pred 27 rokmi som dostal dopravnú pokutu
00:25
that got me thinking.
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a začal som nad tým premýšľať.
00:27
I've had some time to think it over.
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Mal som určitý čas, keď som o tom premýšľal.
00:29
And energy efficiency is more than just
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A energetická efektivita je oveľa viac
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about the vehicle --
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ako iba problematika automobilov,
00:33
it's also about the road.
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je to tiež o cestách.
00:35
Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,
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Design ciest je dôležitý, najmä križovatky,
00:37
of which there are two types: signalized
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ktorých poznáme dva druhy: so signalizáciou
00:39
and unsignalized, which means stop signs.
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a bez nej, čo znamená so značkou "STOP."
00:41
Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.
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50% dopravných nehôd sa stane na križovatkách.
00:43
Roundabouts are much better.
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Kruhové objazdy sú omnoho lepšie.
00:45
A study of 24 intersections
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Štúdia 24 križovatiek odhalila,
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has found crashes drop 40 percent
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že nehodovosť klesne o 40%,
00:50
from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.
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keď vymeníte križovatku za kruhový objazd.
00:53
Injury crashes have dropped 76 percent,
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Nehody so zraneniami klesli o 76%
00:56
fatal crashes down 90 percent.
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a fatálne nehody až o 90%.
00:58
But that's just safety.
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Ale toto je iba bezpečnostné hľadisko.
01:00
What about time and gas?
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Čo tak čas a palivo?
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So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,
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Keďže je doprava plynulá, znamená to menej brzdenia,
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which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,
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čo známená menej zrýchľovania, menšiu spotrebu paliva a znečistenie,
01:07
less time wasted,
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menej premrhaného času;
01:09
and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency
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a to je čiastočne dôvodom vyššej efektívnosti Európy
01:11
than we have in the United States.
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oproti situácii v Spojených štátoch amerických.
01:13
So, unsignalized intersections,
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Takže, križovatky bez signalizácie
01:15
meaning stop signs, they save many lives,
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so značením "STOP" zachraňujú veľa životov,
01:17
but there's an excessive proliferation of them.
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ale sú až príliš rozšírené.
01:19
Small roundabouts are starting to appear.
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Malé kruhové objazdy sa už začínajú objavovať.
01:22
This is one in my neighborhood. And they are
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Jeden je i mojom okolí. A sú omnoho
01:25
much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.
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lepšie, lepšie než semafory, lepšie než značky STOP v štyroch smeroch.
01:28
They're expensive to install,
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Ich zavedenie je drahé,
01:30
but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.
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no ich absencia vychádza ešte drahšie. Takže by sme sa na to mali pozrieť.
01:33
But they are not applicable in all situations.
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Nie sú použiteľné vo všetkých situáciách.
01:34
So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.
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Vezmite si napríklad trojsmernú križovatku.
01:37
So, it's logical that you'd have one there,
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Logicky mala byť jedna tam,
01:39
on the minor road entering the major.
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kde sa vedľajšia cesta spája s hlavnou.
01:41
But the other two are somewhat questionable.
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Ale zvyšné dve sú otázne.
01:44
So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.
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Takže, to je jedna vec. Tu je ďalšia križovatka, ktorú som študoval.
01:46
Cars rarely appear on that third road.
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Autá sa na tretej ceste objavujú len zriedka.
01:49
And so, the question is, what does that cost us?
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Takže, otázka znie, čo nás to stojí?
01:51
That intersection I looked at had about 3,000
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Cez križovatku, ktorú som sledoval, prešlo asi 3000
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cars per day in each direction,
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áut za deň v každom smere,
01:55
and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.
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a to je 60 gramov paliva na akceleráciu pri výjazde.
01:57
That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,
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To je na každé auto 5 centov, krát 3000 áut denne,
01:59
that's $51,000 per year.
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to činí 51 tisíc dolárov ročne.
02:02
That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,
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Toto je iba cena paliva. Tiež tu máme aj znečistenie,
02:04
wear on the car, and time.
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opotrebovanie auta a čas.
02:06
What's that time worth?
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Koľko nás stojí čas?
02:08
Well, at 10 seconds per 3,000 cars,
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Takže, pri 10 sekundách za 3000 áut
02:10
that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.
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to je 8,3 hodiny denne. Priemerná mzda v USA
02:12
is $20 an hour. That is 60,000 per year.
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je 20 dolárov za hodinu. To je celkom 60 000 za rok.
02:16
Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,
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Prirátame to k palivu a spolu to je 112 000 dolárov ročne,
02:19
just for that sign in each direction.
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iba pre značku v každom smere jazdy.
02:21
Discount that back to the present, at five percent:
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Keď to premietneme do súčasnosti, pri 5%:
02:23
over two million dollars
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viac ako 2 milióny dolárov
02:26
for a stop sign, in each direction.
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za značku STOP v každom smere.
02:29
Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,
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Ak si zistíte, koľko stojí pozemok vedľa križovatky,
02:33
you could actually buy the property,
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zistíte, že by ste si ho mohli zakúpiť,
02:35
cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,
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ostrihať kríky a zlepšiť prehľadnosť,
02:38
and then sell it off again.
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a potom ho znova predať.
02:40
And you'd still come out ahead.
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A ešte by ste z toho vyťažili.
02:42
So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"
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Takže nás to núti zamyslieť sa, "Prečo je tam tá značka?"
02:44
I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?
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Mám na mysli, prečo je značka v každom smere?
02:47
Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?
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Pretože zachraňuje životy. Je aj nejaká iná možnosť, ako toto dosiahnuť?
02:50
The answer is to enable cars
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Odpoveďou je umožniť autám
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to come in from that side road safely.
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vojsť do križovatky z vedľajšej cesty bezpečne.
02:54
Because there are a lot of people who might live up there
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Možno tam, odkiaľ tá cesta prichádza, býva mnoho ľudí,
02:56
and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form
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a ak tam večne čakajú, vytvárajú sa kolóny,
02:58
because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.
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keďže autá na hlavnej nespomalia.
03:01
Can that be accomplished with existing signs?
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Možno tohto dosiahnuť so súčasnými značkami?
03:03
So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.
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História "Stoj" a "Daj prednosť v jazde" je dlhá.
03:06
Stop signs were invented in 1915,
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Stop-ka bola vytvorená v roku 1915,
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yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.
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"Daj prednosť v jazde" v roku 1950. Ale to je asi tak všetko, čo máme.
03:11
So, why not use a yield sign?
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Prečo nepoužiť "Daj prednosť v jazde?"
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Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.
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Pretože význam značky "Daj prednosť v jazde" je o tom, že musím dať niekomu prednosť.
03:16
That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait
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Znamená to, že pokiaľ tam čaká 5 aút, musím počkať,
03:18
till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion
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kým odídu oni, a potom môžem ísť ja. Chýba tam
03:20
of alternating, or taking turns,
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zmysel alterácie, striedania sa,
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and it's always on the minor road,
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a "Daj prednosť v jazde" je vždy na vedľajšej ceste,
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allowing the major one to have primacy.
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dávajúc hlavnej ceste prednostné právo.
03:26
So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.
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Takže je ťazké vytvoriť nový význam existujúcej značky.
03:28
You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember
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Nemôžete zrazu všetkým povedať, "Dobre, pamätáte si,
03:30
what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."
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čo ste pri "Daj prednosť v jazde" robili? Odteraz sa to zmení."
03:32
That would not work.
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To by asi nešlo.
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So, what the world needs now
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Čo svet dnes potrebuje
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is a new type of sign.
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je nový typ značky.
03:38
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
03:42
So, you'd have a little instruction below it,
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Mali by ste pod značkou malú inštrukciu,
03:45
you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.
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pre tých, čo nevideli verejný oznam.
03:47
And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.
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A spája to "Stop" a "Daj prednosť v jazde."
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It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.
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Jej tvar pripomína T, ako v striedaní sa.
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And uncertainty results in caution.
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A táto neistota sa odrazí na obozretnosti.
03:55
When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with
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Keď ľudia narazia na neznámu situáciu, s ktorou sa predtým nestretli,
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they slow down.
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spomalia.
03:59
So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...
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Teraz sa z vás stali "Cestný vyslanci....."
04:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:02
don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.
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nečakajte, kým bude tá značka uznaná zákonom, tieto veci sa nedejú rýchlo.
04:05
But you all are members of communities,
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Ale vy všetci ste členmi komunít
04:07
and you can exercise your community influence
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a môžete využiť svoj vplyv v komunite
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to create more sensible traffic flows.
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na vytvorenie viac rozumných dopravných prúdov.
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And you can have more impact on the environment
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A tak môžete mať väčší vplyv na životné prostredie,
04:13
just getting your neighborhood to change these things
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iba tým, že svoje okolie obohatíte o tieto značky,
04:15
than by changing your vehicle. Thank you very much.
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nemusíte meniť autá. Ďakujem vám.
04:18
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gary Lauder - Venture capitalistGary Lauder is the managing partner of Lauder Partners, a VC firm, and the co-creator of the Socrates Society at the Aspen Institute.
Why you should listen
Gary Lauder is the Managing Partner of Lauder Partners LLC, a Silicon Valley-based venture capital firm investing primarily in information technologies. He has been a venture capitalist since 1985, investing in some 60 private companies. He is also chair of ActiveVideo Networks, a developer of interactive television technology for cable, IPTV and other forms of internet delivery. Other directorships: Promptu, MediaFriends and ShotSpotter. Investments are primarily in television/IPTV technology and web arenas.
He is the co-creator of the Aspen Institute's Socrates Society with Laura, his wife. He has had a working cable modem (usually) in his home since 1994. He is co-inventor of 10 patents, has spoken at some 80 industry forums, and, since 1992, has published several articles about the future of the cable industry ... that he still stands by.
Gary Lauder | Speaker | TED.com