Paul Lewis: How mobile phones helped solve two murders
Paul Lewis: Crowdsourcing the news
Reporter Paul Lewis harnesses the power of mobile phones and social media -- innovations that are making every person a potential journalist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
a new way of doing journalism.
얘기해보려 합니다.
"citizen journalism,"
"시민 언론"이라 부르는데
"collaborative journalism."
"협력 언론"이라고도 하지요.
for the journalists, people like me,
이런 의미도 있습니다.
that you can't know everything,
다 알 수는 없으므로
through technology,
for other members of the public,
the passive consumers of news,
a really empowering process.
프로세스임이 분명합니다.
to hold powerful organizations to account.
구성하게 되는거죠.
to you today with two cases,
소개하고자 합니다.
controversial deaths.
사망 사건과 연관되어 있습니다.
put out an official version of events,
공식 결과를 발표했는데
utilizing new technology,
실체적 진실을 규명하고자 했는데요.
particularly Twitter.
활용해서 말이죠.
is, as I said, citizen journalism.
이야기를 할 것입니다.
the man in the foreground.
he died at the G20 protests in London.
G20 반대 시위 중 사망했습니다.
his way home from work
맞닥뜨리게 되었거든요.
has covered his face with a balaclava.
방한모로 얼굴을 가리고 있었습니다.
his badge numbers.
he was PC Simon Harwood,
순경이란 걸 알고 있습니다.
Metropolitan Police Force.
to the elite territorial support group.
소속이었습니다.
Harwood struck Tomlinson with a baton,
톰린슨을 경찰봉으로 가격했고
the police wanted us to tell.
언급을 회피했습니다.
and off-the-record briefings,
비공식 브리핑을 통해
had died of natural causes.
no contact with the police,
tried to resuscitate him,
경관 한 명이 심폐소생술을 했는데
were impeded from doing so,
방해받았다고 주장했습니다.
believed to be bottles, at police.
아마도 병을 투척했기 때문에요.
were stories like this.
that Ian Tomlinson had been selling
판매하던 신문으로
had an obligation
what had been going on,
범죄과학적 분석을 했더라면
including my news organization --
비롯한 모든 언론이
version of events put out by police.
being thrown at police
병들은 벽돌로 바뀌었죠.
this edition of the newspaper.
was more to the story.
살펴보았습니다.
you see in the image,
찾아볼 필요도 있었지만
by the time we started investigating.
이미 그들은 해산한 뒤였죠.
where it got really interesting.
you've heard a lot about it today.
많이 들어보셨을 텐데요.
when I began investigating this case,
I'd signed up two days earlier.
불과 이틀 전에 가입했죠.
was a microblogging site.
것도 알게 됐습니다.
short, 140-character messages.
보낼 수 있었고
in which other people were gathering
사회적 공간으로서
independently of journalists,
독립 언론인 관점에서
exactly what had happened to Ian Tomlinson
벌어졌는지 살펴보았으며
after he collapsed.
도우러 왔습니다.
they didn't see any bricks.
본 적 없다고 합니다.
that the stories weren't quite as accurate
we started encountering
photographs, evidence.
사람들을 만나기 시작했습니다.
on Ian Tomlinson,
어떠한 공격도 없었음을 보여줍니다.
with the police officers next to him?
아무 상관 없는 일일까요?
걸려는 것처럼 보입니다.
to investigate further, to dig deeper.
조사해볼만 하죠.
stories ourselves.
결론을 도출할 수 있습니다.
about the internet is:
is freely available to anyone,
자유롭게 이용할 수 있다는 것입니다.
for citizen journalists,
on Facebook or Twitter.
국한되지 않습니다.
of a paywall, i.e, it's free,
무료로 제공된다면
the official version of events,
의문을 제기하며
that we had questions ourselves.
제기할 것을 촉구합니다.
끌어들이는 힘이 있죠.
help us were drawn toward us
저희를 돕는 것은
to track down around 20 witnesses.
목격자들을 찾아냈습니다.
of Ian Tomlinson's death,
that we plotted on the map,
small bullet points,
see their videographic images as well.
police attack Ian Tomlinson
가격했다고 얘기했습니다.
investigation into his death.
없었습니다.
manager in New York.
이메일 한 통을 받았습니다.
he'd been in London on business,
그 사람은 런던 출장 중이었습니다.
This is the crowd at G20 protest
이 군중은 G20 반대 시위대입니다.
near the Bank of England.
of a police investigation
설명할 것입니다.
through this area,
지나가고 있었으며
to show how it poses serious questions
없는지 살펴보았습니다.
경찰견 경관을 뒤로 하고
to riot officers and dog handlers
Tomlinson's leg area with a baton.
다리 부위를 경찰봉으로 가격합니다.
and hits the floor.
고꾸라집니다.
the video for myself,
this investment fund manager in New York,
계속 연락을 취했으며,
who said they had seen this happen,
이야기를 나누었으며,
of the phone was saying,
until I saw it for myself.
그의 얘기를 믿지 못했습니다.
I was there with an IT guy --
something quite significant.
영상이란 걸 깨달았죠.
영상을 올렸습니다.
was they came to our office --
우리 사무실로 찾아왔어요.
내리라고 요구했습니다.
확산되었으니까요.
in two days' time,
an inquest jury in London,
that Ian Tomlinson was unlawfully killed.
죽게 되었는지 판단할 권한이 있지요.
I said two cases today.
오늘 두 가지 사례가 있다고 했는데요.
he was a father, he lived in London.
한 명의 아버지이자 런던시민이었습니다.
refugee from Angola.
the British government decided
보내기로 결정했습니다.
a flight from Heathrow.
비행편에 그를 태웠습니다.
the official explanation,
공식적 설명은
the plane had returned to Heathrow,
항공기는 히드로 공항으로 회항했으며,
and pronounced dead.
to Jimmy Mubenga,
실제로 일어난 일을
my colleague Mathew Taylor and I,
이제 말할 수 있는데요.
began trying to restrain him
they were restraining him in his seat.
좌석에 결박해버린 것이죠.
and he was making a lot of noise.
조용하게 만들었습니다.
to positional asphyxia,
혼수상태에 빠지게 됐죠.
there were other passengers on the plane,
비행기에 다른 승객들이 있었는데,
They're killing me!"
그들이 나를 죽여요!"
이 승객들을 찾아냈을까요?
the witnesses were still in London.
목격자들이 런던에 있었지만
many of them, had returned to Angola.
앙골라로 돌아간 상태였습니다.
stories -- they're online magnets.
자석처럼 온라인의 주목을 끌었지요.
journalism professors might frown upon
교수들은 눈쌀을 찌푸릴지도 모르죠.
perhaps speculative,
아마도 추측의 성격이 짙어서
journalists shouldn't do.
그렇게 하면 안 되거든요.
and we needed to use Twitter also.
트위터를 이용할 필요도 있었습니다.
dies on a flight.
사망했다고 올렸습니다.
a level of speculation.
추측 단계이기는 하지만요.
"RT해주세요."
please pass down the chain.
계속 퍼뜨려달라는 의미죠.
things about Twitter
of a piece of information,
올려놓기만 한다면
끝낼지 결정할 수도 없어요.
to reach their intended destination.
도달할 수 있는 묘한 기능도 있지요.
that's the flight number --
"저도 BA77편에 있었어요."
간청하고 있었죠.
that I did nothing."
죄책감이 들어요."
when he sent me this tweet.
이 트윗을 날렸어요.
what happened on the flight.
일에 대해 무척 우려했고
he typed in the flight number.
he had encountered our stories.
이야기를 발견했습니다.
to tell a different version of events;
다른 시각을 가진 것도 알게됐죠.
it'll turn out to be asphyxiation.
그 사람이 기절한 것은 확실합니다.
was he couldn't breathe.
숨을 쉴 수가 없다고 했어요.
like 100-kilo plus,
down -- from what I could see,
to pull him down below the seats.
끌어내리는 걸 똑똑히 보았죠.
sticking up above the seats,
you know, "Help me!"
"살려주세요! 살려주세요!"
guards sitting on top of him from there.
그 사람 위로 올라탔어요.
in the back of my mind.
every time I lay down to go to sleep now.
그 생각이 저를 괴롭히네요.
kicked off the flight and lose my job.
잃을까봐 겁이 났거든요.
그를 제압하고
같이 타고 있었다면,
of what had happened on the flight.
사건의 개요입니다.
one of five witnesses
한 명이었고
most of them, as I said,
through social media.
파악할 수 있었으며
exactly where they were sat.
앉았는지도 확인할 수 있었습니다.
할 것이 있는데요.
dimension to all of this
무엇보다 중요한 측면은
체크해야 한다는 것입니다.
of the Ian Tomlinson witnesses,
to the scene of the death
증언하라고 했죠.
we couldn't do that,
그렇게까지 하진 않았어요.
their boarding passes.
탑승권을 보내왔거든요.
what they were saying
other passengers were saying, too.
for journalists -- for all of us --
경계해야 할 것은
fed into the public domain.
왜곡된 정보를 흘릴 수도 있죠.
the power of citizen journalism.
영향력을 부인하지는 못할 겁니다.
into the Hudson two years ago,
비행기가 추락했을 때
because a man is on a nearby ferry,
근처에서 배를 타고 있던 사람이
and photographs the image of the plane
found out initially,
사건을 알게 됐는데
about the plane in the Hudson River.
이 비행기에 대해 알게된 겁니다.
news stories of the year.
두 가지를 생각해보십시오.
and the tsunami.
back to the images that you saw
떠올려보세요.
living rooms, supermarkets shaking --
수퍼마켓은 흔들립니다.
shot by citizen journalists
the political crisis,
바로 정치적 위기입니다.
in the Middle East.
Egypt or Libya or Syria or Yemen.
예맨이건 간에 중요치 않습니다.
the repressive restrictions
on the internet.
a huge layer of accountability.
막대한 책임감이 따릅니다.
shown you any, actually;
unarmed protester in Bahrain.
총격을 당하게 됩니다.
if the individual being mistreated,
별로 중요치 않죠.
technology has inserted
into our world,
책임감을 불어넣습니다.
of the conference, "Why not?" --
주제는 "왜 못해?" 입니다.
it's quite simple, really.
이는 매우 쉬운 일입니다.
the boundaries of what's possible,
that happen in our world now go recorded,
많은 일들이 기록되며
we would have been able to investigate
10년 전에는 조사를 할 수 없었겠죠.
five years ago.
to say that the two deaths,
치열한 논쟁이 있었겠죠.
and the death of Jimmy Mubenga,
지미 무벵가의 죽음에 대해서요.
exactly what had happened in those cases.
무슨 일이 벌어졌는지 몰랐을 겁니다.
"왜 못해?"라고 반문할 수 있어요.
that you believe is problematic,
어떤 사건에 직면한다면,
an injustice of some kind,
우려되거나 부당하다고 느낀다면,
doesn't feel quite right,
record it and share it?
공유하는 게 어떨까요?
recording and sharing is journalism.
일련의 과정들이 바로 언론입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Lewis - JournalistReporter Paul Lewis harnesses the power of mobile phones and social media -- innovations that are making every person a potential journalist.
Why you should listen
Paul Lewis uses social media and cellphone video and photos to build hard-hitting stories. He first gained notice for his reporting on the death of Ian Tomlinson, when he used a witness’ cellphone video to prove that the police attacked Tomlinson at the 2009 G-20 protests. The international story led to an internal police investigation and changed the way we think about self-policing in a digital era.
He leads a team of journalists at The Guardian who specialize in using the very reporting methods he helped popularize. He reflects on citizen journalism as part of the book Investigative Journalism: Dead or Alive?
Paul Lewis | Speaker | TED.com