ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality

Kimberlé Crenshaw: A urgência da "interseccionalidade"

Filmed:
1,680,633 views

Agora, mais do que nunca, é imprescindível olharmos corajosamente para a realidade do preconceito de gênero e de raça e compreendermos como os dois podem se unir para causar ainda mais danos. Kimberlé Crenshaw usa o termo "interseccionalidade" para descrever esse fenômeno; como ela mesma diz, se você ficar parado na interseção onde múltiplas formas de exclusão se cruzam, você tem chance de ser atingido por todas elas. Nesta palestra tocante, ela apela para que testemunhemos essa realidade e falemos pelas vítimas do preconceito.
- Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bio - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to try something new.
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Eu gostaria de tentar algo novo.
00:15
Those of you who are able,
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Aqueles que puderem,
por favor, se levantem.
00:16
please stand up.
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00:20
OK, so I'm going to name some names.
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Bem, vou falar alguns nomes.
00:24
When you hear a name
that you don't recognize,
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Quando ouvirem um que não reconhecerem,
00:26
you can't tell me anything about them,
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e não puderem dizer nada a respeito,
00:28
I'd like you to take a seat
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eu gostaria que se sentassem
00:30
and stay seated.
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e que assim permanecessem.
00:32
The last person standing,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
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Veremos o que sabem as últimas pessoas
a permanecerem em pé, certo?
00:35
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
00:37
All right.
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Certo.
00:39
Eric Garner.
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Eric Garner.
00:42
Mike Brown.
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Mike Brown.
00:47
Tamir Rice.
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Tamir Rice.
00:51
Freddie Gray.
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Freddie Gray.
00:56
So those of you who are still standing,
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Bem, aqueles ainda em pé,
00:58
I'd like you to turn around
and take a look.
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eu gostaria que olhassem em redor.
01:00
I'd say half to most of the people
are still standing.
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Posso dizer que metade das pessoas
ainda permanecem em pé.
01:04
So let's continue.
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Continuemos.
01:07
Michelle Cusseaux.
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Michelle Cusseaux.
01:15
Tanisha Anderson.
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Tanisha Anderson.
01:22
Aura Rosser.
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Aura Rosser.
01:27
Meagan Hockaday.
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Meagan Hockaday.
01:30
So if we look around again,
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Se olharmos em redor de novo,
01:32
there are about four people
still standing,
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há mais ou menos quatro pessoas em pé,
01:35
and actually I'm not going
to put you on the spot.
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e, na verdade, não vou lhes pedir nada.
01:38
I just say that to encourage transparency,
so you can be seated.
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Só disse aquilo para estimular
a sinceridade, podem se sentar.
01:41
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
01:44
So those of you who recognized
the first group of names know
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Bem, aqueles que reconheceram
o primeiro grupo de nomes sabem
01:47
that these were African-Americans
who have been killed by the police
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que são de afro-americanos
mortos pela polícia
01:51
over the last two and a half years.
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nos últimos dois anos e meio.
01:55
What you may not know
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O que talvez não saibam
01:56
is that the other list
is also African-Americans
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é que o outro grupo
também é de afro-americanos
02:01
who have been killed
within the last two years.
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mortos pela polícia nos últimos dois anos.
02:07
Only one thing distinguishes
the names that you know
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Apenas uma coisa distingue
os nomes que vocês reconheceram
02:11
from the names that you don't know:
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dos nomes que vocês não reconheceram:
02:14
gender.
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o gênero.
02:16
So let me first let you know
that there's nothing at all distinct
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Primeiro, deixem-me lhes dizer
que não há nada diferente
02:22
about this audience
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nesta plateia
02:24
that explains the pattern of recognition
that we've just seen.
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que explique o padrão de reconhecimento
que acabamos de presenciar.
02:28
I've done this exercise
dozens of times around the country.
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Eu já apliquei esse exercício
inúmeras vezes por todo o país.
02:32
I've done it to women's
rights organizations.
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Já o apliquei em organizações
pelos direitos da mulher.
02:35
I've done it with civil rights groups.
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Já o apliquei em grupos de direitos civis.
02:37
I've done it with professors.
I've done it with students.
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Em professores, em estudantes.
02:40
I've done it with psychologists.
I've done it with sociologists.
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Já o apliquei em psicólogos, sociólogos.
02:44
I've done it even with
progressive members of Congress.
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Já o apliquei até em membros
progressistas do Congresso.
02:48
And everywhere, the awareness
of the level of police violence
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E, em todos os lugares, a consciência
do nível de violência policial
02:52
that black women experience
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sofrida por mulheres negras
02:54
is exceedingly low.
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é excessivamente baixo.
02:57
Now, it is surprising, isn't it,
that this would be the case.
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É assombroso ser esta a causa, não é?
03:01
I mean, there are two issues
involved here.
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Quero dizer, há dois problemas aqui:
03:03
There's police violence
against African-Americans,
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violência policial contra afro-americanos
03:06
and there's violence against women,
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e violência contra mulheres.
03:08
two issues that have been
talked about a lot lately.
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Dois problemas bastante
abordados recentemente.
03:12
But when we think about
who is implicated by these problems,
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Mas, quando pensamos sobre quem está
envolvido nesses problemas,
03:18
when we think about
who is victimized by these problems,
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quando pensamos sobre quem
estes problemas vitimizam,
03:21
the names of these black women
never come to mind.
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os nomes dessas mulheres negras
nunca vêm à mente.
03:25
Now, communications experts tell us
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Vejam, especialistas nos dizem que,
03:28
that when facts do not fit
with the available frames,
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quando fatos não são bem assimilados
dentro dos padrões disponíveis,
03:32
people have a difficult time
incorporating new facts
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as pessoas têm dificuldade
em incorporar novos fatos
03:36
into their way of thinking
about a problem.
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ao modo como pensam sobre um problema.
03:41
These women's names
have slipped through our consciousness
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Os nomes dessas mulheres
nos têm fugido da consciência
03:44
because there are no frames
for us to see them,
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porque não há padrões para as enxergarmos,
03:47
no frames for us to remember them,
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não há padrões para nos lembrarmos delas,
03:50
no frames for us to hold them.
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não há padrões para guardar seus nomes.
03:53
As a consequence,
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Como consequência,
03:55
reporters don't lead with them,
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jornalistas não noticiam sobre elas,
03:58
policymakers don't think about them,
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legisladores não pensam nelas,
04:01
and politicians aren't encouraged
or demanded that they speak to them.
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e políticos não são encorajados
ou exigidos a falar com elas.
04:07
Now, you might ask,
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Mas vocês podem perguntar:
"Por que tais padrões importariam?"
04:09
why does a frame matter?
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04:11
I mean, after all,
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Quero dizer,
04:12
an issue that affects black people
and an issue that affects women,
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um problema que afeta pessoas negras,
um problema que afeta mulheres,
04:18
wouldn't that necessarily include
black people who are women
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não incluiria, necessariamente,
pessoas negras que são mulheres
04:22
and women who are black people?
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e mulheres que são pessoas negras?
04:25
Well, the simple answer is that this is
a trickle-down approach to social justice,
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Bem, a resposta é que essa é uma abordagem
de justiça social bastante elitista,
04:30
and many times it just doesn't work.
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e muitas vezes simplesmente não funciona.
04:34
Without frames that allow us to see
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Sem padrões que nos permitam ver
04:36
how social problems impact
all the members of a targeted group,
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como problemas sociais impactam
todos os membros de um determinado grupo,
04:41
many will fall through the cracks
of our movements,
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muitos vão passar ao largo
de nossos movimentos,
04:44
left to suffer in virtual isolation.
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deixados para sofrer
em potencial isolamento.
04:49
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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Mas isso não precisa ser deste modo.
04:54
Many years ago, I began to use
the term "intersectionality"
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Há muitos anos, eu comecei a usar
o termo "interseccionalidade"
04:59
to deal with the fact
that many of our social justice problems
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para lidar com o fato de que muitos
de nossos problemas de justiça social,
05:03
like racism and sexism
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como racismo e sexismo,
05:05
are often overlapping,
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frequentemente se sobrepõem,
05:08
creating multiple levels
of social injustice.
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criando múltiplos níveis
de injustiça social.
05:13
Now, the experience
that gave rise to intersectionality
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Bem, a experiência que deu início
à ideia de interseccionalidade
05:18
was my chance encounter
with a woman named Emma DeGraffenreid.
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foi meu encontro casual com uma mulher
chamada Emma DeGraffenreid.
05:24
Emma DeGraffenreid
was an African-American woman,
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Emma DeGraffenreid foi
uma mulher afro-americana,
05:28
a working wife and a mother.
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esposa, trabalhadora e mãe.
05:30
I actually read about Emma's story
from the pages of a legal opinion
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Na verdade, eu li sobre sua história
nas páginas de um parecer legal
05:36
written by a judge
who had dismissed Emma's claim
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escrito por um juiz que recusara
a alegação de Emma
05:40
of race and gender discrimination
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por discriminação de raça e de gênero
05:42
against a local car manufacturing plant.
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contra uma fábrica automobilística.
05:47
Emma, like so many African-American women,
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Emma, como muitas
mulheres afro-americanas,
05:51
sought better employment
for her family and for others.
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buscava melhores ocupações
para sua família e para outros.
05:55
She wanted to create a better life
for her children and for her family.
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Ela queria construir uma vida melhor
para seus filhos e para sua família.
05:59
But she applied for a job,
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Mas ela se candidatou a um emprego
06:01
and she was not hired,
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e não foi contratada,
06:03
and she believed that she was not hired
because she was a black woman.
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e acreditou que não conseguira
o emprego por ser uma mulher negra.
06:07
Now, the judge in question
dismissed Emma's suit,
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Bem, o juiz em questão recusou a petição,
06:12
and the argument
for dismissing the suit was
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e o argumento usado
foi de que o empregador
06:15
that the employer
did hire African-Americans
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de fato contratava afro-americanos
06:19
and the employer hired women.
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e contratava mulheres.
06:23
The real problem, though, that the judge
was not willing to acknowledge
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O real problema, entretanto, que o juiz
não estava disposto a reconhecer
06:27
was what Emma was actually trying to say,
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e que Emma estava,
na verdade, tentando dizer
06:30
that the African-Americans
that were hired,
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é que os afro-americanos contratados,
06:33
usually for industrial jobs,
maintenance jobs, were all men.
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comumente para trabalhos industriais
e de manutenção, eram todos homens.
06:39
And the women that were hired,
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E todas as mulheres contratadas,
06:41
usually for secretarial
or front-office work,
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comumente como secretárias
ou recepcionistas,
06:44
were all white.
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eram todas brancas.
06:46
Only if the court was able to see
how these policies came together
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Apenas se o tribunal fosse capaz de ver
como as duas políticas funcionavam juntas,
06:51
would he be able to see
the double discrimination
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ele poderia perceber a dupla discriminação
06:55
that Emma DeGraffenreid was facing.
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enfrentada por Emma DeGraffenreid.
06:58
But the court refused to allow Emma
to put two causes of action together
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Mas o tribunal não permitiu que Emma
entrasse com as duas petições juntas
07:04
to tell her story
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para contar a sua história,
07:05
because he believed that,
by allowing her to do that,
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por julgar que, ao permitir isso,
07:09
she would be able
to have preferential treatment.
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ela teria tratamento preferencial.
07:13
She would have an advantage
by having two swings at the bat,
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Ela teria a vantagem
de ter dupla oportunidade,
07:19
when African-American men and white women
only had one swing at the bat.
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enquanto homens afro-americanos
e mulheres brancas teriam apenas uma.
07:24
But of course, neither
African-American men or white women
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Mas é claro que nem homens afro-americanos
nem mulheres brancas
07:29
needed to combine a race
and gender discrimination claim
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precisavam combinar
discriminação de raça e de gênero
07:34
to tell the story of the discrimination
they were experiencing.
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para contar a história
de discriminação que sofriam.
07:39
Why wasn't the real unfairness
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Por que a verdadeira injustiça
07:42
law's refusal to protect
African-American women
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não foi a recusa da lei em proteger
mulheres afro-americanas
07:46
simply because their experiences
weren't exactly the same
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simplesmente pelo fato
de suas experiências não serem exatamente
07:50
as white women and African-American men?
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as mesmas experiências de mulheres
brancas e homens afro-americanos?
07:55
Rather than broadening the frame
to include African-American women,
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Em vez de alargar os padrões
para incluir mulheres afro-americanas,
08:00
the court simply tossed their case
completely out of court.
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o caso foi tão somente desconsiderado.
08:06
Now, as a student
of antidiscrimination law,
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Bem, como uma estudiosa
de leis antidiscriminação,
08:10
as a feminist,
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como uma feminista,
08:11
as an antiracist,
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como antirracista,
08:13
I was struck by this case.
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eu me senti atingida por este caso.
08:17
It felt to me like injustice squared.
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Ele me pareceu uma injustiça organizada.
08:21
So first of all,
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Primeiro,
08:24
black women weren't allowed
to work at the plant.
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mulheres negras não podiam
trabalhar na fábrica.
08:27
Second of all, the court
doubled down on this exclusion
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Segundo, o tribunal duplicou a exclusão
08:31
by making it legally inconsequential.
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ao torná-la juridicamente inconsequente.
08:35
And to boot, there was
no name for this problem.
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E, para piorar, o problema
nem sequer tinha um nome.
08:39
And we all know that,
where there's no name for a problem,
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E todos sabemos que, quando
os problemas não têm um nome,
08:43
you can't see a problem,
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não os enxergamos,
08:44
and when you can't see a problem,
you pretty much can't solve it.
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e, quando não os enxergamos,
não podemos resolvê-los.
08:50
Many years later, I had come to recognize
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Muitos anos depois, eu pude reconhecer
08:52
that the problem that Emma was facing
was a framing problem.
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que o problema que Emma enfrentava
era um problema de enquadramento.
08:59
The frame that the court was using
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O padrão adotado pelo tribunal,
09:01
to see gender discrimination
or to see race discrimination
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de considerar discriminação de gênero
ou considerar discriminação de raça,
09:06
was partial, and it was distorting.
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era parcial e distorcido.
09:10
For me, the challenge that I faced was
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Para mim, o principal desafio foi
09:12
trying to figure out whether
there was an alternative narrative,
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tentar descobrir se havia outra narrativa,
09:17
a prism that would allow us
to see Emma's dilemma,
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um outro prisma que nos permitisse
observar o dilema de Emma,
09:22
a prism that would allow us
to rescue her from the cracks in the law,
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um outro prisma que nos permitisse
resgatá-la das falhas da lei,
09:28
that would allow judges to see her story.
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que permitisse aos juízes
conhecer sua história.
09:33
So it occurred to me,
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Bem, ocorreu-me que talvez
uma simples analogia com uma intersecção
09:34
maybe a simple analogy to an intersection
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permitisse aos juízes observar
melhor o dilema de Emma.
09:39
might allow judges
to better see Emma's dilemma.
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09:44
So if we think about this intersection,
the roads to the intersection would be
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Se pensarmos nessa intersecção,
suas ruas seriam
09:49
the way that the workforce
was structured by race and by gender.
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o modo como a força de trabalho
foi estruturada por raça e gênero.
09:56
And then the traffic in those roads
would be the hiring policies
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O tráfego nessas ruas seriam
as políticas de contratação
10:00
and the other practices
that ran through those roads.
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e outras práticas que trafegam por elas.
10:05
Now, because Emma
was both black and female,
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Bem, como Emma era negra e mulher,
10:10
she was positioned precisely
where those roads overlapped,
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ela estava posicionada exatamente
onde tais ruas se cruzavam,
10:15
experiencing the simultaneous impact
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sentindo o impacto simultâneo
10:20
of the company's gender and race traffic.
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do tráfego de gênero e de raça da empresa.
A lei?
10:25
The law -- the law is
like that ambulance that shows up
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A lei é como a ambulância
que prestará socorro à Emma
10:31
and is ready to treat Emma
only if it can be shown
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apenas se ficar claro
10:34
that she was harmed
on the race road or on the gender road
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4616
que ela fora ferida na "rua de raça"
ou na "rua de gênero",
10:39
but not where those roads intersected.
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mas não no local em que as ruas se cruzam.
10:43
So what do you call
being impacted by multiple forces
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Então, que nome se dá ao ser
atingido por múltiplas forças
10:49
and then abandoned to fend for yourself?
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e então abandonado à própria sorte?
10:53
Intersectionality seemed to do it for me.
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Interseccionalidade parece-me apropriado.
10:58
I would go on to learn
that African-American women,
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Fui adiante e descobri
que mulheres afro-americanas,
11:02
like other women of color,
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1936
como outras mulheres de cor,
11:04
like other socially marginalized people
all over the world,
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como outros povos
marginalizados mundo afora,
11:08
were facing all kinds
of dilemmas and challenges
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enfrentavam todo tipo
de dilemas e desafios
11:12
as a consequence of intersectionality,
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como consequência da interseccionalidade,
11:15
intersections of race and gender,
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intersecções de raça,
gênero, heterossexismo,
11:19
of heterosexism, transphobia,
xenophobia, ableism,
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5216
transfobia, xenofobia,
discriminação pela condição física,
11:24
all of these social dynamics come together
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4576
todas essas dinâmicas sociais se unem
11:29
and create challenges
that are sometimes quite unique.
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e criam desafios bastante únicos.
11:35
But in the same way
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Do mesmo modo como a interseccionalidade
11:36
that intersectionality
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11:39
raised our awareness to the way
that black women live their lives,
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aumentou nossa consciência sobre a forma
como as mulheres negras vivem suas vidas,
11:45
it also exposes the tragic circumstances
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também expõe as trágicas circunstâncias
11:49
under which African-American women die.
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sob as quais tais mulheres morrem.
11:54
Police violence against black women
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A violência policial
contra mulheres negras
11:58
is very real.
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1200
é bastante contundente.
12:00
The level of violence
that black women face
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O nível de violência
que mulheres negras enfrentam
12:02
is such that it's not surprising
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é tanto, que não nos surpreende
12:05
that some of them do not survive
their encounters with police.
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4320
algumas delas não sobreviverem
após seus encontros com a polícia.
12:11
Black girls as young as seven,
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3456
Garotas negras de sete anos de idade,
12:14
great grandmothers as old as 95
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3720
bisavós de 95 anos de idade,
12:19
have been killed by the police.
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1760
morrem nas mãos da polícia.
12:21
They've been killed in their living rooms,
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2040
São mortas em suas salas de estar,
12:24
in their bedrooms.
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1240
em seus quartos.
12:26
They've been killed in their cars.
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1920
São mortas em seus carros.
12:29
They've been killed on the street.
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1936
São mortas na rua.
12:31
They've been killed
in front of their parents
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São mortas na frente de seus pais
12:34
and they've been killed
in front of their children.
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2800
e são mortas na frente de seus filhos.
12:38
They have been shot to death.
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1680
São baleadas até a morte.
12:41
They have been stomped to death.
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1880
São pisoteadas até a morte.
12:43
They have been suffocated to death.
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751960
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São sufocadas até a morte.
12:46
They have been manhandled to death.
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2936
São maltratadas até a morte.
12:49
They have been tasered to death.
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São feridas com pistola
de eletrochoque até a morte.
12:53
They've been killed
when they've called for help.
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3000
São assassinadas enquanto pedem ajuda.
12:57
They've been killed when they were alone,
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3096
São assassinadas quando estão sozinhas,
13:00
and they've been killed
when they were with others.
206
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3120
e são assassinadas
quando estão acompanhadas.
13:04
They've been killed shopping while black,
207
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2760
São assassinadas ao serem perseguidas
em lojas por serem negras;
13:08
driving while black,
208
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1480
em abordagens no trânsito,
por serem negras;
13:11
having a mental disability while black,
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3120
com deficiência mental, por serem negras;
13:15
having a domestic disturbance while black.
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2800
em conflitos domésticos, por serem negras.
13:19
They've even been killed
being homeless while black.
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3880
São assassinadas inclusive
enquanto mendigam, por serem negras.
13:24
They've been killed
talking on the cell phone,
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2616
São assassinadas falando ao celular,
13:26
laughing with friends,
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2376
divertindo-se com amigos,
13:29
sitting in a car reported as stolen
214
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3056
dentro de um carro com denúncia de roubo
13:32
and making a U-turn
in front of the White House
215
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3616
e fazendo um retorno diante da Casa Branca
13:35
with an infant strapped
in the backseat of the car.
216
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2840
com uma criança
no banco traseiro do veículo.
13:40
Why don't we know these stories?
217
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1800
Por que não conhecemos esses fatos?
13:44
Why is it that their lost lives
218
812640
3000
Por que suas vidas perdidas
13:48
don't generate the same amount
of media attention and communal outcry
219
816440
4736
não atraem a mesma atenção
midiática e o clamor público
13:53
as the lost lives
of their fallen brothers?
220
821200
3160
que as vidas perdidas
de seus irmãos atraem?
13:57
It's time for a change.
221
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1960
É hora de mudança.
14:03
So what can we do?
222
831040
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Então, o que podemos fazer?
14:06
In 2014, the African-American
Policy Forum began to demand
223
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5376
Em 2014, o Fórum de Políticas
Afro-Americanas passou a exigir
14:12
that we "say her name"
224
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2240
que "diga o nome dela"
14:16
at rallies, at protests,
225
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2840
em comícios, em protestos,
14:19
at conferences, at meetings,
226
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2656
em conferências, em encontros,
14:22
anywhere and everywhere
227
850640
2616
em todo e qualquer lugar
14:25
that state violence against black bodies
is being discussed.
228
853280
4000
em que situações de violência
contra a comunidade negra
estejam sendo discutidas.
14:30
But saying her name is not enough.
229
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2656
Mas dizer o nome dela não é suficiente.
14:33
We have to be willing to do more.
230
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2576
Precisamos estar dispostos a fazer mais.
14:36
We have to be willing to bear witness,
231
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3216
Precisamos estar dispostos a testemunhar,
14:39
to bear witness
to the often painful realities
232
867320
3616
a testemunhar sobre as constantes
e dolorosas realidades
14:42
that we would just rather not confront,
233
870960
2736
que preferiríamos não confrontar,
14:45
the everyday violence and humiliation
that many black women have had to face,
234
873720
6456
a violência e humilhação diária que muitas
mulheres negras são forçadas a enfrentar,
14:52
black women across color,
235
880200
2376
mulheres negras em todas as expressões
de cor, de idade, de gênero,
14:54
age, gender expression,
236
882600
2416
14:57
sexuality and ability.
237
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2280
de sexualidade e de habilidade.
15:01
So we have the opportunity right now --
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Então temos a oportunidade neste momento,
15:05
bearing in mind that some of the images
that I'm about to share with you
239
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4016
tendo em mente que algumas imagens
que compartilharei com vocês
15:09
may be triggering for some --
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1720
podem ser fortes para alguns,
15:12
to collectively bear witness
to some of this violence.
241
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4600
de coletivamente testemunhar
algumas dessas violências.
15:18
We're going to hear the voice
of the phenomenal Abby Dobson.
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4280
Ouviremos a voz da fenomenal Abby Dobson.
15:23
And as we sit with these women,
243
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3000
E, enquanto estivermos com essas mulheres,
15:26
some who have experienced violence
and some who have not survived them,
244
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5200
algumas que sofreram violência
e algumas que não sobreviveram a ela,
15:33
we have an opportunity
245
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nós teremos a oportunidade
15:34
to reverse what happened
at the beginning of this talk,
246
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3736
de reverter o que aconteceu
no início deste encontro,
15:38
when we could not stand for these women
247
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2696
quando não pudemos
nos levantar por essas mulheres
15:41
because we did not know their names.
248
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3360
porque não sabíamos seus nomes.
15:45
So at the end of this clip,
there's going to be a roll call.
249
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3400
Ao fim do vídeo, haverá uma chamada.
15:50
Several black women's names will come up.
250
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2600
Vários nomes de mulheres negras
serão anunciados.
15:54
I'd like those of you who are able
to join us in saying these names
251
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4936
Eu peço àqueles que forem capazes
que se unam a nós para dizer esses nomes,
15:59
as loud as you can,
252
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2376
o mais alto possível,
16:02
randomly, disorderly.
253
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2736
aleatoriamente, desordenadamente.
16:04
Let's create a cacophony of sound
254
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2800
Criemos uma cacofonia
16:08
to represent our intention
255
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2120
para representar nossa intenção
16:11
to hold these women up,
256
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2040
de apoiar essas mulheres,
16:14
to sit with them,
257
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de nos unirmos a elas,
16:15
to bear witness to them,
258
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de sermos suas testemunhas,
16:18
to bring them into the light.
259
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2600
de darmos notoriedade a elas.
16:28
(Singing) Abby Dobson: Say,
260
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6760
Abby Dobson: ♪ Diga,
16:35
say her name.
261
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6000
diga o nome dela.
16:42
Say,
262
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6120
Diga,
16:50
say her name.
263
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4176
diga o nome dela.
16:54
(Audience) Shelly!
264
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1200
Plateia: Shelly!
16:56
(Audience) Kayla!
265
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Plateia: Kayla!
16:57
AD: Oh,
266
1005840
6440
AD: ♪ Oh,
17:05
say her name.
267
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6176
diga o nome dela.
17:11
(Audience shouting names)
268
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2536
(Plateia gritando nomes)
17:14
Say, say,
269
1022440
6960
AD: ♪ Diga, diga,
17:21
say her name.
270
1029760
5760
diga o nome dela.
17:29
Say her name.
271
1037160
5496
Diga o nome dela.
17:34
For all the names
272
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2856
Por todos os nomes
17:37
I'll never know,
273
1045560
5320
que eu nunca saberei,
17:44
say her name.
274
1052680
3096
diga o nome dela. ♪
17:47
KC: Aiyanna Stanley Jones,
Janisha Fonville,
275
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2776
KC: Aiyanna Stanley Jones,
Janisha Fonville,
17:50
Kathryn Johnston, Kayla Moore,
276
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2336
Kathryn Johnston, Kayla Moore,
17:52
Michelle Cusseaux, Rekia Boyd,
277
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2856
Michelle Cusseaux, Rekia Boyd,
17:55
Shelly Frey, Tarika, Yvette Smith.
278
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4440
Shelly Frey, Tarika, Yvette Smith.
18:00
AD: Say her name.
279
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6640
AD: ♪ Diga o nome dela. ♪
18:11
KC: So I said at the beginning,
280
1079040
2856
KC: Como eu disse no começo,
18:13
if we can't see a problem,
281
1081920
2760
se não podemos ver um problema,
18:17
we can't fix a problem.
282
1085800
1520
não podemos resolvê-lo.
18:20
Together, we've come together
to bear witness
283
1088560
3416
Unidos, estamos unidos para testemunhar
18:24
to these women's lost lives.
284
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2080
as vidas perdidas dessas mulheres.
18:27
But the time now is to move
285
1095160
2456
O tempo agora é de passarmos
18:29
from mourning and grief
286
1097640
2496
do luto e da tristeza
18:32
to action and transformation.
287
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2760
para a ação e transformação.
18:36
This is something that we can do.
288
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Isto é algo que podemos fazer.
18:39
It's up to us.
289
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1400
Só depende de nós.
18:42
Thank you for joining us.
290
1110840
1896
Obrigada por juntarem-se a nós.
18:44
Thank you.
291
1112760
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Obrigada!
18:46
(Applause)
292
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(Aplausos) (Vivas)
Translated by Renan Pereira
Reviewed by Cláudia Sander

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocate
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.

Why you should listen

Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.

Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.

Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.

Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.

In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.

Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies  at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.

More profile about the speaker
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.

Why you should listen

Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.

Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).

Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.

Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com

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