Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality
肯布羅.冉莎: 明了交叉性,我們迫在眉睫
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bioAbby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that you don't recognize,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
我們將看看他究竟都知道什麼,好麼?
and take a look.
are still standing.
still standing,
to put you on the spot.
so you can be seated.
現在你們可以坐下了。
the first group of names know
一定注意到了
who have been killed by the police
is also African-Americans
within the last two years.
the names that you know
that there's nothing at all distinct
並沒有任何個體特征,
我們剛剛所看到的認知偏差,
that we've just seen.
dozens of times around the country.
做這樣的小調查已有十多次了,
rights organizations.
I've done it with students.
I've done it with sociologists.
progressive members of Congress.
of the level of police violence
施加在黑女女性身上的暴力
that this would be the case.
這樣的情形。
involved here.
against African-Americans,
talked about a lot lately.
who is implicated by these problems,
誰被這些問題所牽涉,
who is victimized by these problems,
never come to mind.
with the available frames,
incorporating new facts
about a problem.
have slipped through our consciousness
從我們的意識中黯然溜走
for us to see them,
or demanded that they speak to them.
去和她們溝通。
and an issue that affects women,
black people who are women
a trickle-down approach to social justice,
(強勢群體帶動弱勢群體,譯者注)
all the members of a targeted group,
of our movements,
許多人會失敗,
the term "intersectionality"
that many of our social justice problems
有關社會正義的問題
of social injustice.
that gave rise to intersectionality
with a woman named Emma DeGraffenreid.
一位叫艾瑪.蒂格拉福瑞的女人。
was an African-American woman,
from the pages of a legal opinion
我實在法律意見書上讀到她的名字的,
who had dismissed Emma's claim
for her family and for others.
尋求更好的就業機會。
for her children and for her family.
創造一個更好的生活。
because she was a black woman.
因為她是一位黑人婦女。
dismissed Emma's suit,
for dismissing the suit was
did hire African-Americans
was not willing to acknowledge
that were hired,
maintenance jobs, were all men.
or front-office work,
how these policies came together
將這兩個問題放在一起看時,
the double discrimination
to put two causes of action together
將這兩件事的前因後果放在一起
by allowing her to do that,
如果他讓她如此做,
to have preferential treatment.
by having two swings at the bat,
only had one swing at the bat.
只有一層優勢。
African-American men or white women
非裔男性及白人婦女
and gender discrimination claim
they were experiencing.
African-American women
weren't exactly the same
與非裔男性或白人女性並非一模一樣
to include African-American women,
來把非裔美國婦女囊括進去,
completely out of court.
完全拒于法庭門外。
of antidiscrimination law,
to work at the plant.
doubled down on this exclusion
no name for this problem.
這個問題並沒有一個屬於自己的名字。
where there's no name for a problem,
當一個問題沒有名字時,
you pretty much can't solve it.
你當然就無法解決那個問題。
was a framing problem.
or to see race discrimination
there was an alternative narrative,
能指代這一問題的敘述,
to see Emma's dilemma,
to rescue her from the cracks in the law,
從法律漏洞里拯救出來的視角,
to better see Emma's dilemma.
更好的意識到艾瑪的困境。
the roads to the intersection would be
那麼匯集與這個交叉點的路就是
was structured by race and by gender.
would be the hiring policies
that ran through those roads.
was both black and female,
where those roads overlapped,
like that ambulance that shows up
來到現場的救護車
only if it can be shown
但只有當(法官)查證確認
on the race road or on the gender road
(艾瑪才能得到治療)
being impacted by multiple forces
這個情形你會稱之為什麼?
that African-American women,
all over the world,
社會邊緣的人,
of dilemmas and challenges
xenophobia, ableism,
仇外心理,能力主義的交叉歧視,
that are sometimes quite unique.
that black women live their lives,
that black women face
在遇到警察時沒有活下來
their encounters with police.
in front of their parents
in front of their children.
when they've called for help.
when they were with others.
being homeless while black.
talking on the cell phone,
in front of the White House
in the backseat of the car.
of media attention and communal outcry
of their fallen brothers?
Policy Forum began to demand
政策論壇開始要求
is being discussed.
正在被討論。
to the often painful realities
日常暴力和侮辱作證
that many black women have had to face,
的一些圖像
that I'm about to share with you
to some of this violence.
非凡的艾比.道布森的歌聲。
of the phenomenal Abby Dobson.
和一些沒有倖存的他們,
and some who have not survived them,
at the beginning of this talk,
因為我們不知道她們的名字
會有一個名單。
there's going to be a roll call.
讓我們來說出這些名字
to join us in saying these names
見證他們,
(觀眾念出名字)
(念出各個名字)
Janisha Fonville,
to bear witness
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocateAs a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.
Why you should listen
Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.
Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.
Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.
Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.
In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.
Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.
Why you should listen
Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.
Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.
Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com