TEDGlobal 2009
Gordon Brown: Global ethic vs. national interest
Gordon Brown despre etica globală versus interesul naţional
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Se poate ca interesele unei singure naţiuni să fie armonizate cu binele superior al umanităţii? Se poate ca un politician patriot, ales la nivel naţional să ofere aceeaşi atenţie oamenilor din alte ţări? La sfârşitul prelegerii sale la TED care solicită formarea unei etici globale, Primul Ministrul Britanic Gordon Brown primeşte întrebări de la Curatorul TED Chris Anderson.
Gordon Brown - British Prime Minister
Britain's former prime minister Gordon Brown played a key role in shaping the G20 nations' response to the world's financial crisis, and was a powerful advocate for a coordinated global response to problems such as climate change, poverty and social justice. Full bio
Britain's former prime minister Gordon Brown played a key role in shaping the G20 nations' response to the world's financial crisis, and was a powerful advocate for a coordinated global response to problems such as climate change, poverty and social justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Prime Minister,
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Chris Anderson: Va multumesc foarte mult, domnule Prim Ministru,
00:27
that was both fascinating and quite inspiring.
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a fost fascinant si inspirational
00:29
So, you're calling for a global ethic.
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Deci lansati o chemare pentru o etica globala.
00:33
Would you describe that as global citizenship?
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Ati descrie-o ca fiind o cetatenie globala?
00:37
Is that an idea that you believe in, and how would you define that?
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Este aceasta o idee in care credeti, si cum ati defini-o?
00:40
Gordon Brown: I think it is about global citizenship. It's about recognizing
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Gordon Brown: Cred ca este vorba despre cetatenie globala. Ideea e sa recunoastem
00:42
our responsibilities to others.
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responsabilitatile noastre fata de ceilalti.
00:44
There is so much to do over the next few years
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Sunt atat de multe de facut in urmatorii ani
00:48
that is obvious to so many of us
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care sunt clare pentru foarte multi dintre noi.
00:51
to build a better world.
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pentru a construi o lume mai buna.
00:53
And there is so much shared sense
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Si este atat de evident in constiinta tuturor
00:55
of what we need to do,
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ceea ce trebuie facut,
00:57
that it is vital that we all come together.
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incat este vital sa lucram cu totii, impreuna.
00:59
But we don't necessarily have the means to do so.
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Dar nu avem neaparat si mijloacele de a face aceasta.
01:02
So there are challenges to be met.
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Exista deci provocari carora trebuie sa le raspundem.
01:04
I believe the concept of global citizenship
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Cred ca conceptul cetateniei globale
01:07
will simply grow out of people talking to each other across continents.
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va aparea pur si simplu din comunicarea dintre oameni de pe diferite continente.
01:11
But then, of course, the task is to create the institutions
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Insa, bineinteles, misiunea este de a construi institutiile
01:13
that make that global society work.
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care sa faca acea societate globala sa functioneze.
01:15
But I don't think we should underestimate the extent to which
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Dar cred ca nu ar trebui sa subestimam masura in care
01:17
massive changes in technology
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schimbarile masive in domeniul tehnologiei
01:20
make possible the linking up of people across the world.
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permit conectarea oamenilor pe intreg mapamondul.
01:23
CA: But people get excited about this idea of global citizenship,
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CA: Dar oamenii se entuziasmeaza cand aud de ideea cetateniei globale
01:27
but then they get confused a bit again
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insa redevin putin confuzi
01:29
when they start thinking about patriotism,
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cand incep sa se gandeasca la patriotism
01:31
and how to combine these two.
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si modul in care ar trebui sa le combine pe cele doua.
01:33
I mean, you're elected as Prime Minister
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Ma refer la faptul ca sunteti ales ca Prim-ministru
01:35
with a brief to bat for Britain.
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cu misiunea de a lupta pentru interesele Marii Britanii.
01:38
How do you reconcile the two things?
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Cum reconciliati cele doua pozitii?
01:42
GB: Well, of course national identity remains important.
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Pai, bineinteles, identitatea nationala ramane importanta.
01:45
But it's not at the expense of people accepting their global responsibilities.
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Insa nu compromite acceptarea responsabilitatilor globale de catre oameni.
01:48
And I think one of the problems of a recession
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Si cred ca una din problemele aduse de o recesiune
01:52
is that people become more protectionist,
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este ca oamenii devin mai protectionisti,
01:55
they look in on themselves,
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sunt foarte atenti la ei insisi,
01:57
they try to protect their own nation,
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incearca sa isi protejeze propria natiune,
01:59
perhaps at the expense of other nations.
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posibil chiar in dauna celorlalte.
02:02
When you actually look at the motor of the world economy,
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Atunci cand privesti motorul economiei mondiale,
02:05
it cannot move forward unless
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vezi ca acesta nu poate progresa
02:07
there is trade between the different countries.
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decat daca exista comert intre diferitele tari.
02:10
And any nation that would become protectionist over the next few years
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Iar orice natiune care ar deveni protectionista in urmatorii cativa ani
02:13
would deprive itself of the chance of getting the benefits
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s-ar priva pe sine de sansa de a beneficia de pe urma
02:16
of growth in the world economy.
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cresterii inregistrate de economia mondiala.
02:18
So, you've got to have a healthy sense of patriotism;
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Prin urmare, trebuie sa ai un simt sanatos al patriotismului,
02:21
that's absolutely important.
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asta este cat se poate de important.
02:23
But you've got to realize that this world has changed fundamentally,
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Dar trebuie sa realizezi ca lumea noastra s-a schimbat fundamental,
02:26
and the problems that we have cannot be solved
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si ca problemele pe care le avem nu pot fi rezolvate
02:28
by one nation and one nation alone.
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de o singura natiune, doar prin ea insasi.
02:30
CA: Well, indeed. But what do you do
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CA: Da, intr-adevar. Dar ce faci
02:33
when the two come into conflict and you're forced to make a decision
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cand cele doua intra in conflict si esti fortat sa iei o decizie
02:36
that either is in Britain's interest,
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care este fie in interesul Marii Britanii,
02:39
or the interest of Britons,
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sau in interesul britanicilor,
02:41
or citizens elsewhere in the world?
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sau al cetatenilor aflati pretutindeni in lume?
02:43
GB: Well I think we can persuade people
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GB: Pai, cred ca putem convinge oamenii
02:45
that what is necessary for Britain's long-term interests,
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ca ceea ce este necesar pentru interesele pe termen lung ale Marii Britanii,
02:49
what is necessary for America's long-term interests,
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ceea ce este necesar pentru interesele pe termen lung ale Americii,
02:51
is proper engagement with the rest of the world,
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este un angajament alaturi de restul lumii,
02:53
and taking the action that is necessary.
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si luarea masurilor care se impun.
02:58
There is a great story, again, told about Richard Nixon.
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Exista o frumoasa poveste, din nou, despre Richard Nixon.
03:03
1958, Ghana becomes independent,
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1958, Ghana devine independenta,
03:07
so it is just over 50 years ago.
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deci sunt doar putin peste 50 de ani de atunci,
03:10
Richard Nixon goes to represent the United States government
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Richard Nixon merge acolo pentru a reprezenta Statele Unite
03:14
at the celebrations for independence in Ghana.
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la sarbatorirea independentei in Ghana.
03:17
And it's one of his first outings as Vice President to an African country.
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Si e una din primele sale vizite in calitate de vicepresedinte intr-o tara africana.
03:22
He doesn't quite know what to do, so he starts going around the crowd
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Nu stie foarte clar ce trebuie sa faca, asa ca incepe sa mearga prin multime
03:25
and starts talking to people in the crowd
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si intra in vorba cu oamenii din multime
03:27
and he says to people in this rather unique way,
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si le spune oamenilor in modul sau inconfundabil,
03:29
"How does it feel to be free?"
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"Cum va simtiti sa fiti liberi?"
03:32
And he's going around, "How does it feel to be free?"
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Si, plimbandu-se de colo-colo, "Cum va simtiti sa fiti liberi?"
03:34
"How does it feel to be free?"
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"Cum e sa fiti liberi?"
03:36
And then someone says, "How should I know? I come from Alabama."
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Si apoi cineva ii raspunde, "De unde sa stiu? Sunt din Alabama"
03:39
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
03:42
And that was the 1950s.
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Si asta era in anii '50.
03:45
Now, what is remarkable
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Acum, ceea ce este remarcabil
03:48
is that civil rights in America were achieved in the 1960s.
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este ca drepturile civile au fost dobandite in America in anii '60.
03:54
But what is equally remarkable
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Dar ceea ce este la fel de remarcabil
03:56
is socioeconomic rights in Africa
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este ca in ceea ce priveste drepturile socio-economice in Africa
03:58
have not moved forward very fast
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nu s-au facut progrese prea rapide
04:01
even since the age of colonialism.
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inca din epoca colonialismului.
04:04
And yet, America and Africa
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Si totusi, America si Africa
04:06
have got a common interest.
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au un interes comun.
04:08
And we have got to realize that if we don't link up
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Si trebuie sa ne dam seama ca daca nu colaboram
04:11
with those people who are sensible voices and democratic voices in Africa,
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cu acele voci ale ratiunii si ale democratiei din Africa,
04:15
to work together for common causes,
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pentru a lupta pentru cauze comune,
04:17
then the danger of Al Qaeda and related groups
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atunci pericolul ca Al Qaeda si alte astfel de grupari
04:20
making progress in Africa is very big.
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sa faca progrese in Africa este foarte mare.
04:22
So, I would say that what seems sometimes
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Deci, as spune ca ceea ce pare uneori
04:24
to be altruism, in relation to Africa,
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ca fiind altruism, in relatie cu Africa,
04:27
or in relation to developing countries,
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sau in relatie cu tarile in curs de dezvoltare,
04:29
is more than that. It is enlightened self-interest
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este mai mult decat atat, este propriul interes scos la lumina
04:31
for us to work with other countries.
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ce ne determina sa lucram cu aceste tari,
04:33
And I would say that national interest
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Si as spune ca interesul national
04:35
and, if you like, what is the global interest
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si, daca doriti, interesul global
04:37
to tackle poverty and climate change
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de a pune capat saraciei extreme si schimbarii climatice
04:39
do, in the long run, come together.
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pe termen lung, fuzioneaza.
04:42
And whatever the short-run price for taking action on climate change
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Si oricare ar fi costul pe termen scurt pentru a lua masuri in ce priveste schimbarea climatica
04:45
or taking action on security, or taking action to provide opportunities
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sau de a lua masuri in ce priveste securitatea, sau pentru a crea oportunitati
04:47
for people for education,
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pentru oameni in domeniul educatiei,
04:49
these are prices that are worth paying
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acestea sunt preturi care merita platite
04:51
so that you build a stronger global society
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pentru a construi o societate globala mai puternica
04:54
where people feel able to feel comfortable with each other
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in care oamenii sa se simta confortabil unii in preajma celorlalti
04:57
and are able to communicate with each other in such a way
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si sa poata comunica unii cu altii intr-un asemenea mod
05:00
that you can actually build stronger links between different countries.
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incat sa se construiasca de fapt legaturi mai puternice intre diversele tari.
05:03
CA: We're in Oxford, which is the home
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CA: Suntem in Oxford, care este patria
05:05
of philosophical thought experiments.
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experimentelor de gandire filosofica
05:08
And so here is one that kind of goes --
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Si iata unul care merge la modul urmator-
05:10
I still just want to draw out on this issue.
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Inca vreau sa insist pe aceasta chestiune.
05:13
So, you're on vacation at a nice beach,
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Deci, esti in vacanta pe o plaja insorita
05:17
and word comes through that there's been a massive earthquake
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si se afla vestea ca a avut loc un cuntremur puternic
05:20
and that there is a tsunami advancing on the beach.
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si ca un tsunami avanseaza spre plaja.
05:22
One end of the beach there is a house
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La un capat al plajei este o casa
05:25
containing a family of five Nigerians.
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in care se afla o familie de 5 nigerieni.
05:27
And at the other end of the beach
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La celalalt capat al plajei
05:29
there is a single Brit.
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este un singur britanic.
05:31
You have time to --
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Ai timp suficient sa --
05:33
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
05:34
you have time to alert one house. What do you do?
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Ai timp suficient sa avertizezi o singura casa. Ce faci?
05:37
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
05:39
GB: Modern communications.
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GB: Telecomunicatiile moderne.
05:41
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
05:44
Alert both.
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Anunta-le pe amandoua.
05:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauze)
05:50
I do agree that my responsibility
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Sunt de acord ca responsabilitatea mea
05:53
is first of all to make sure that people in our country are safe.
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este ca, mai intai de toate, sa asigur siguranta cetatenilor tarii mele.
05:56
And I wouldn't like anything that is said today to suggest
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Si nu as vrea ca ceva din ceea ce spun astazi sa sugereze
06:00
that I am diminishing the importance of the responsibility
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ca imi desconsider responsabilitatea
06:02
that each individual leader has for their own country.
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pe care fiecare lider o are pentru tara sa.
06:05
But I'm trying to suggest that there is a huge opportunity
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Dar incerc sa sugerez ca exista o imensa oportunitate
06:08
open to us that was never open to us before.
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care ne este deschisa si pe care nu am mai avut-o pana acum.
06:10
But the power to communicate across borders
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Dar puterea de a comunica peste granite
06:12
allows us to organize the world in a different way.
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ne permite sa organizam lumea intr-un mod diferit.
06:16
And I think, look at the tsunami, it's a classic example.
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Si apoi, gandindu-ma la tsunami, e un exemplu clasic.
06:20
Where was the early warning systems?
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Ce s-a intamplat cu sistemele de avertizare in avans?
06:22
You know? Where was the world acting together
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Stiti, unde era lumea actionand laolalta
06:25
to deal with the problems that they knew arose
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pentru a face fata problemelor despre care stiau ca vor aparea
06:28
from the potential for earthquakes,
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incepand de la potentialul de a se produce un cutremur,
06:30
as well as the potential for climate change?
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la fel de bine ca in cazul potentialului de aparitie a schimbarilor climatice?
06:32
And when the world starts to work together,
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Atunci cand lumea va incepe sa conlucreze,
06:34
with better early warning systems,
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folosind sisteme de avertizare in avans mai performante,
06:36
then you can deal with some of these problems in a far better way.
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atunci poti sa rezolvi aceste situatii intr-un mod cu mult mai eficient.
06:38
I just think we're not seeing, at the moment,
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Cred ca nu ne dam seama, momentan,
06:40
the huge opportunities open to us
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de imensele oportunitati deschise noua
06:42
by the ability of people to cooperate
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de abilitatea oamenilor de a coopera
06:45
in a world where either there was isolationism before
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intr-o lume in care inainte era fie izolationism
06:48
or there was limited alliances based on convenience
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fie existau aliante limitate bazate pe interese
06:51
which never actually took you to deal with some of the central problems.
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care nu au dus de fapt niciodata la rezolvarea principalelor probleme.
06:55
CA: But I think this is the frustration that perhaps
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CA: Dar cred ca este vroba de frustrarea pe care poate
06:57
a lot people have, like people in the audience here,
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o au multi oameni, precum cei din audienta aceasta,
06:59
where we love the kind of language that you're talking about.
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placandu-ne foarte tare lucrurile pe care le spuneti.
07:02
It is inspiring. A lot of us believe
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E inspirational. Multi dintre noi credem
07:04
that that has to be the world's future.
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ca acesta trebuie sa fie viitorul planetei.
07:07
And yet, when the situation changes,
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Si totusi, atunci cand situatia se schimba
07:10
you suddenly hear politicians talking as if,
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dintr-odata auzi politicienii vorbind ca si cum
07:13
you know, for example, the life of one American soldier
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stiti, de exemplu, viata unui soldat american
07:16
is worth countless numbers of Iraqi civilians.
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e echivalentul vietii a nenumarati civili irakieni.
07:19
When the pedal hits the metal,
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Atunci cand situatia devine neiertatoare,
07:23
the idealism can get moved away.
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acest idealism poate fi dat deoparte.
07:26
I'm just wondering how --
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Ma intreb cum anume --
07:29
whether you can see that changing over time,
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credeti ca s-ar putea schimba asta in timp,
07:31
whether you see in Britain
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daca vedeti Marea Britanie
07:33
that there are changing attitudes, and that people are actually
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schimandu-si atitudinea si daca oameni chiar
07:36
more supportive of the kind of global ethic that you talk about.
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sunt mai toleranti fata de aceasta etica globala de care vorbiti.
07:41
GB: I think every religion, every faith,
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GB: Cred ca fiecare religie, fiecare credinta,
07:44
and I'm not just talking here to people of faith or religion --
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si aici nu ma refer doar la oameni credinciosi sau religiosi --
07:47
it has this global ethic at the center
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are aceasta etica globala in centrul ei,
07:49
of its credo.
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in centrul crezului ei.
07:51
And whether it's Jewish or whether it's Muslim
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Si indiferent ca e evreu sau ca e musulman
07:54
or whether it's Hindu, or whether it's Sikh,
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sau hindus sau Sikh,
07:57
the same global ethic is at the heart
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aceeasi etica globala sta in centrul
07:59
of each of these religions.
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fiecareia dintre aceste religii.
08:02
So, I think you're dealing with something
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Deci cred ca avem de-a face cu ceva
08:04
that people instinctively
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ce oamenii vad instinctiv
08:06
see as part of that moral sense.
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ca facand parte din acel simt moral.
08:09
So you're building on something that is not pure self-interest.
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Construiesti deci pe ceva ce nu e doar interes propriu,
08:13
You're building on people's ideas and values --
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construiesti pe ideile si valorile oamenilor
08:17
that perhaps they're candles that
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care poate sunt lumanari care
08:19
burn very dimly on certain occasions.
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vor arde cu flacara aproape stinsa in unele momente.
08:23
But it is a set of values that cannot, in my view, be extinguished.
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Dar este un set de valori care, in opinia mea, nu poate fi 'stins'.
08:27
Then the question is,
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Intrebarea este, asadar,
08:29
how do you make that change happen?
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cum faci ca aceasta schimbare sa se petreaca?
08:32
How do you persuade people
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Cum convingi oamenii
08:34
that it is in their interest
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ca este in interesul lor
08:36
to build strong ... After the Second World War,
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sa construiasca puternic... Dupa al doilea razboi mondial
08:39
we built institutions, the United Nations,
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am construit institutii, precum ONU
08:42
the IMF, the World Bank,
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FMI, Banca Mondiala,
08:44
the World Trade Organization, the Marshall Plan.
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Organizatia Mondiala a Comertului, Planul Marshall.
08:46
There was a period in which people talked about an act of creation,
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A existat o perioada in care oamenii vorbeau de un act al creatiei
08:50
because these institutions were so new.
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pentru ca aceste instutitutii erau atat de recent aparute.
08:52
But they are now out of date. They don't deal with the problems.
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Acum insa ele si-au depasit viabilitatea. Nu mai pot rezolva problemele.
08:54
As I said, you can't deal with the environmental problem
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Dupa cum ziceam, nu putem ameliora problema mediului inconjurator
08:56
through existing institutions.
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prin institutiile existente.
08:58
You can't deal with the security problem in the way that you need to.
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Nu putem rezolva problema securitatii asa cum am avea nevoie.
09:02
You can't deal with the economic and financial problem.
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Nu putem rezolva problema economica si cea financiara.
09:04
So we have got to rebuild our global institutions,
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Trebuie deci sa reconstruim instutitiile noastre globale,
09:07
build them in a way that is suitable to the challenges of this time.
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sa le reconstruim intr-un mod care se potriveste dilemelor si greutatilor cu care ne confruntam astazi.
09:10
And I believe that if you look at the biggest challenge we face,
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Si cred ca, daca analizam cea mai mare greutate cu care ne confruntam,
09:13
it is to persuade people to have the confidence
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este cea de a ii convinge pe oameni sa aiba incredere
09:16
that we can build a truly global society
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ca putem construi o societate globala
09:19
with the institutions that are founded on these rules.
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cu institutii care sa fie fondate pe astfel de reguli.
09:22
So, I come back to my initial point.
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Revin, deci, la ideea mea initiala.
09:24
Sometimes you think things are impossible.
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Uneori lucrurile par imposibile.
09:26
Nobody would have said 50 years ago
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Nimeni nu ar fi zis acum 50 de ani
09:28
that apartheid would have gone in 1990,
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ca apartheid-ul va disparea in 1990,
09:30
or that the Berlin wall would have fallen
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ca zidul Berlinului va cadea
09:32
at the turn of the '80s and '90s,
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la trecerea intre anii '80 si anii '90,
09:35
or that polio could be eradicated, or that perhaps 60 years ago
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sau ca poliomelita va fi eradicata, sau poate ca acum 60 de ani
09:38
nobody would have said that a man could have gone to the moon.
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nimeni nu ar fi spus ca un om va ajunge pe Luna.
09:40
All these things have happened.
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Toate aceste lucruri s-au intamplat.
09:42
By tackling the impossible, you make the impossible possible.
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Abordand imposibilul, faci ca imposibilul sa devina posibil.
09:45
CA: And we have had a speaker who said that very thing,
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CA: SI am avut un vorbitor care a spus exact asta,
09:49
and swallowed a sword right after that, which was quite dramatic.
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si a inghitit o sabie imediat dupa. Ceea ce a fost foarte dramatic.
09:52
(Laughter)
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(rasete)
09:53
GB: Followed my sword will swallow.
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GB: Voi inghiti si eu o sabie.
09:56
CA: But, surely a true global ethic
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CA: Cu siguranta, insa, o adevarata etica globala
09:59
is for someone to say,
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ar insemna ca cineva sa spuna,
10:01
"I believe the life of every human on the planet
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"Cred ca viata fiecarei fiinte umane de pe planeta
10:04
is worth the same, equal consideration,
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valoreaza la fel de mult, merita luata la fel de mult in considerare,
10:07
regardless of nationality and religion."
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indiferent de nationalitate sau religie."
10:10
And you have politicians who have --
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Si exista politicieni care au --
10:13
you're elected. In a way, you can't say that.
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Sunteti alesi. Intr-un fel, nu puteti spune asa ceva.
10:16
Even if, as a human being, you believe that,
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Chiar daca, in calitate de fiinta umana, crezi asta,
10:18
you can't say that. You're elected for Britain's interests.
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nu o poti declara, esti ales pentru a apara interesele Marii Britanii.
10:21
GB: We have a responsibility to protect.
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GB: Avem responsabilitatea de a proteja.
10:24
I mean look, 1918, the Treaty of Versailles,
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Ma refer, ganditi-va la 1918, Tratatul de la Versailles,
10:28
and all the treaties before that, the Treaty of Westphalia and everything else,
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si toate tratatele de dinaintea lui, Pacea westfalica si toate celelalte,
10:31
were about protecting the sovereign right of individual countries
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erau legate de protejarea suveranitatii tarilor individuale
10:34
to do what they want.
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ca ele sa poata faca ceea ce vor.
10:36
Since then, the world has moved forward,
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De atunci, lumea a evoluat,
10:38
partly as a result of what happened with the Holocaust,
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partial ca rezultat al ceea ce a produs Holocaustul,
10:41
and people's concern about the rights of individuals
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si preocuparea oamenilor pentru drepturile indivizilor
10:44
within territories where they need protection,
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in teritoriile in care ei au nevoie de protectie,
10:47
partly because of what we saw in Rwanda,
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partial datorita a ceea ce am vazut in Rwanda,
10:50
partly because of what we saw in Bosnia.
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partial datorita a ceea ce am vazut in Bosnia.
10:52
The idea of the responsibility to protect
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Ideea responsabilitatii de a proteja
10:54
all individuals who are in situations
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toti indivizii aflati in situatii
10:56
where they are at humanitarian risk
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in care exista un risc de natura umanitara
10:58
is now being established as a principle which governs the world.
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se stabileste, la ora actuala, ca principiu care guveneaza lumea.
11:01
So, while I can't automatically say
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Deci, desi nu pot spune in mod automat
11:05
that Britain will rush to the aid
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ca Marea Britanie va ajuta imediat
11:08
of any citizen of any country, in danger,
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oricare cetatean al oricarei tari, atunci cand se afla in pericol,
11:11
I can say that Britain is in a position
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pot spune ca Marea Britanie este intr-o pozitie
11:14
where we're working with other countries
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in care conlucram cu alte state
11:16
so that this idea that you have a responsibility
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astfel incat ideea aceasta cum ca ai o responsabilitate
11:18
to protect people who are victims of either genocide
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de a proteja oamenii care sunt victime fie ale genocidului
11:21
or humanitarian attack,
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fie ale unui atac la adresa drepturilor fundamentale ale omului,
11:24
is something that is accepted by the whole world.
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este ceva ce este acceptat de intreaga lume.
11:26
Now, in the end, that can only be achieved
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Aceasta nu se poate petrece
11:28
if your international institutions work well enough
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decat daca institutiile internationale functioneaza suficient de bine
11:30
to be able to do so.
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pentru a putea face asta.
11:32
And that comes back to what the future role of the United Nations,
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Revenim astfel la viitorul rol al ONU
11:35
and what it can do, actually is.
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si la ceea ce poate, de fapt, sa faca.
11:37
But, the responsibility to protect
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Dar responsabilitatea de a proteja
11:39
is a new idea that is, in a sense,
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este o idee noua, oarecum
11:41
taken over from the idea of
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preluata de la ideea
11:43
self-determination as the principle governing the international community.
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auto-determinarii ca principiu care guverneaza comunitatea internationala.
11:47
CA: Can you picture, in our lifetimes,
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CA: Va puteti imagina, in decursul vietilor noastre,
11:49
a politician ever going out on a platform
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un politician lansanu-si o platforma electorala
11:52
of the kind of full-form global ethic, global citizenship?
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de forma unei veritabile etici globale si cetatenii globale?
11:57
And basically saying that "I believe that all people across the planet
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Si sa spuna, practic, ca "Eu cred ca toti oamenii de pe planeta
12:03
have equal consideration, and if in power
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au importanta egala, si daca ajung la putere
12:05
we will act in that way.
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voi actiona tinand cont de aceasta.
12:07
And we believe that the people of this country
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Si credem ca locuitorii acestei tari
12:09
are also now global citizens and will support that ethic ..."
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sunt de asemenea cetateni globali care vor sustine aceasta etica..."
12:12
GB: Is that not what we're doing
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Gordon Brown: Nu asta este ceea ce facem
12:14
in the debate about climate change?
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in dezbaterea cu privirea la schimbarea climatica?
12:16
We're saying that you cannot solve the problem of climate change in one country;
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Spunem ca nu se pot rezolva problemele schimbarii climatice intr-o singura tara,
12:21
you've got to involve all countries.
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trebuie implicate toate tarile.
12:23
You're saying that you must, and you have a duty to help
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Spuneti ca ar trebui si ca avem o datorie chiar de a ajuta
12:27
those countries that cannot afford to deal with
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aceste tari care nu isi permit sa rezolve
12:29
the problems of climate change themselves.
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problema schimbarii climatice ele insele.
12:31
You're saying you want a deal with all the different countries of the world
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Spuneti ca vreti o intelegere cu toate tarile lumii
12:35
where we're all bound together
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in care sa fim cu totii angajati
12:37
to cutting carbon emissions in a way that is to the benefit of the whole world.
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sa reducem emisiile de dioxid de carbon intr-un mod benefic pentru intreaga planeta.
12:41
We've never had this before because Kyoto didn't work.
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Niciodata nu am avut asa ceva inainte pentru ca [protocolul de la] Kyoto nu a functionat.
12:45
If you could get a deal at Copenhagen,
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Si daca am putea ajunge la o intelegere la Copenhaga,
12:48
where people agreed, A, that there was
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in care oamenii sa spuna ca, A, a fost
12:50
a long-term target for carbon emission cuts,
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o tinta pe termen lung in ce priveste reducerea emisiilor de carbon,
12:52
B, that there was short-range targets that had to be met
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B, a fost o tinta de valori care trebuie atinse pe termen scurt
12:55
so this wasn't just abstract;
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astfel incat sa nu fie doar ceva abstract,
12:57
it was people actually making decisions now
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chiar sa fie oameni care iau decizii
12:59
that would make a difference now,
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care sa faca o diferenta acum,
13:01
and if you could then find a financing mechanism
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si daca ai putea gasi apoi un mecanism de finantare
13:03
that meant that the poorest countries that had been hurt
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care ar insemna ca cele mai sarace state care au fost afectate
13:06
by our inability to deal with climate change
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de inabilitatea noastra de a opri schimbarea climatica
13:08
over many, many years and decades
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de-a lungul a ani si ani, decenii si decenii
13:10
are given special help so that they can move
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sunt ajutate spre a putea trece la
13:13
to energy-efficient technologies,
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tehnologii eficiente din punct de vedere energetic,
13:15
and they are in a position financially
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si sunt in pozitia financiara
13:18
to be able to afford the long-term investment
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de a-si putea permite investitia pe termen lung
13:20
that is associated with cutting carbon emissions,
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care e necesara pentru aceasta reducere a emisiilor de carbon,
13:23
then you are treating the world equally,
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atunci tratezi lumea in mod egal,
13:27
by giving consideration to every part of the planet
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luand in considerare fiecare parte a planetei,
13:30
and the needs they have.
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si nevoile ei.
13:32
It doesn't mean that everybody does exactly the same thing,
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Asta nu inseamna ca fiecare face exact acelasi lucru
13:34
because we've actually got to do more financially
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pentru ca de fapt noi trebuie sa facem mai mult, financiar
13:37
to help the poorest countries, but it does mean there is equal consideration
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pentru a ajuta cele mai sarace tari, dar inseamna intr-adevar ca li se acorda atentie egala
13:40
for the needs of citizens
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nevoilor unor cetateni
13:43
in a single planet.
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pe o singura planeta.
13:45
CA: Yes. And then of course the theory is still
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CA: Da. iar teoria este bineinteles in continuare ca
13:47
that those talks get rent apart by different countries
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acele discutii vor fi divizita de diferitele tari
13:50
fighting over their own individual interests.
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care se lupta pentru propriile lor interese.
13:52
GB: Yes, but I think Europe has got a position,
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GB: Da, dar cred ca Europa este intr-o pozitie
13:54
which is 27 countries have already come together.
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in care 27 de tari deja s-au unit.
13:59
I mean, the great difficulty in Europe is if
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Marea dificultate in Europa este ca daca
14:00
you're at a meeting and 27 people speak,
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esti la o intalnire si vorbesc 27 de oameni,
14:02
it takes a very very long time.
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dureaza foarte foarte mult.
14:04
But we did get an agreement on climate change.
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Dar ne-am pus de acord in ce priveste schimbarea climatica.
14:08
America has made its first disposition on this
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America a dat si ea prima sa dispozitie pe aceasta tema
14:11
with the bill that President Obama should be congratulated
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prin legea pentru care Presedintele Obama ar trebui felicitat
14:15
for getting through Congress.
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ca a reusit sa o treaca prin Congres.
14:17
Japan has made an announcement.
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Japonia a facut recent un anunt,
14:19
China and India have signed up to the scientific evidence.
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China si India s-au inclinat si ele, in fata dovezilor stiintifice.
14:22
And now we've got to move them to accept
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Si acum trebuie sa le convingem sa accepte
14:25
a long-term target, and then short-term targets.
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o tinta pe termen lung, si apoi tinte pe termen scurt.
14:28
But more progress has been made, I think, in the last few weeks
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Dar, s-a inregistrat un progres mai important, cred, in ultimele saptamani
14:30
than had been made for some years.
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decat s-a facut in ani intregi.
14:32
And I do believe
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Si cred ca
14:34
that there is a strong possibility
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exista o mare posibilitate,
14:36
that if we work together, we can get that agreement to Copenhagen.
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daca vom conlucra, sa ajungem la un acord la Copenhaga.
14:39
I certainly have been putting forward proposals
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Eu unul, sigur ca am avansat diverse propuneri
14:41
that would have allowed the poorest parts of the world
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care ar fi permis celor mai sarace parti ale lumii
14:44
to feel that we have taken into account
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sa simta ca am luat in considerare
14:47
their specific needs.
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nevoile lor specifice.
14:49
And we would help them adapt.
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Si le-am ajuta sa se adapteze.
14:51
And we would help them make the transition to a low carbon economy.
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Si le-am ajuta sa faca trecerea spre o economie cu emisii reduse de carbon.
14:54
I do think a reform of the international institutions is vital to this.
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Cred ca, in acest scop, o reforma a institutiilor internationale este vitala.
14:58
When the IMF was created in the 1940s,
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Atunci cand FMI a fost creat in anii '40,
15:01
it was created with resources that were five percent or so of the world's GDP.
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a fost creat cu resurse care reprezentau cam 5 procente din PIBul mondial.
15:04
The IMF now has limited resources, one percent.
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FMI astazi are resurse limitate, un singur procent.
15:07
It can't really make the difference that ought to be made in a period of crisis.
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Chiar nu are posibilitatea de a face diferenta in perioadele de criza.
15:10
So, we've got to rebuild the world institutions.
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Trebuie, deci, sa reconstruim instutitiile lumii.
15:13
And that's a big task: persuading
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Si asta este o sarcina extrem de dificila: a convinge
15:15
all the different countries with the different voting shares
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toate tarile cu o importanta mai mare sau mai mica a voturilor lor
15:17
in these institutions to do so.
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in aceste institutii sa o faca.
15:19
There is a story told about the three world leaders
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Exista o poveste spusa despre 3 lideri mondiali
15:23
of the day getting a chance to get some advice from God.
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care intr-o zi au avut sansa de a fi sfatuiti de Dumnezeu.
15:28
And the story is told that Bill Clinton went to God
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Si se spune ca Bill Clinton a mers la Dumnezeu
15:31
and he asked when there will be
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si l-a intrebat cand vor fi
15:34
successful climate change and a low carbon economy.
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incununate de succes ideile de schimbare a climei si de emisii reduse de carbon.
15:39
And God shook his head and said, "Not this year,
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Iar Dumnezeu a dat din cap si a spus ca "Nu anul acesta,
15:41
not this decade, perhaps not even in your lifetime."
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nu in deceniul acesta, poate nici macar in decursul vietii tale."
15:44
And Bill Clinton walked away in tears
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Iar Bill Clinton a plecat plangand
15:47
because he had failed to get what he wanted.
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pentru ca nu reusise sa obtina ceea ce a vrut.
15:49
And then the story is that Barroso, the president of the European Commission,
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Si povestea spune ca Barroso, presedintele Comisiei Europene,
15:52
went to God and he asked, he said,
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s-a dus la Dumnezeu si l-a intrebat
15:54
"When will we get a recovery of global growth?"
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"Cand vom trece inapoi la crestere economica globala?"
15:59
And God said, "Not this year, not in this decade,
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Iar Dumnezeu i-a spus: "Nu anul acesta, nu deceniul acesta,
16:01
perhaps not in your lifetime."
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poate chiar nu in timpul vietii tale."
16:03
So Barroso walked away crying and in tears.
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Astfel incat Barroso a plecat plangand.
16:07
And then the secretary general of the United Nations
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Apoi secretarul general al ONU
16:11
came up to speak to God and said,
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s-a dus la Dumnezeu si i-a spus
16:13
"When will our international institutions work?"
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"Cand vor functiona institutiile noatre internationale?"
16:17
And God cried.
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Iar Dumnezeu a inceput sa planga.
16:19
(Laughter)
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(Rasete)
16:21
It is very important to recognize
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Este foarte important sa recunoastem
16:26
that this reform of institutions
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ca aceasta reforma a institutiilor
16:29
is the next stage after
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este urmatoarea etapa dupa
16:31
agreeing upon ourselves
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ce ne punem de acord
16:33
that there is a clear ethic upon which we can build.
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ca exista o etica clara in baza careia putem construi
16:36
CA: Prime Minister, I think there are many in the audience who
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CA: Domnule prim-ministru, cred ca sunt multi in audienta care
16:38
are truly appreciative of the efforts you made
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chiar apreciaza eforturile pe care le-ati facut
16:40
in terms of the financial mess we got ourselves into.
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in ce priveste situatia financiara tulburata in care am intrat.
16:43
And there are certainly many people in the audience
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Si cu siguranta sunt multi membrii ai audientei
16:46
who will be cheering you on as you seek to advance
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care va vor sustine in timp ce incercati sa avansati
16:48
this global ethic. Thank you so much for coming to TED.
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aceasta etica globala. Va multumesc foarte mult pentru ca ati venit la TED.
16:51
GB: Well, thank you.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gordon Brown - British Prime MinisterBritain's former prime minister Gordon Brown played a key role in shaping the G20 nations' response to the world's financial crisis, and was a powerful advocate for a coordinated global response to problems such as climate change, poverty and social justice.
Why you should listen
During his long term of office, former UK prime minister Gordon Brown became one of the world's most experienced political leaders, with a deep understanding of the global economy based on 10 years' experience as Great Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer. He has been a key architect of the G8's agreements on poverty and climate change, and has provided a passionate voice to encourage the developed world to aid struggling African countries. He is an advocate of global solutions for global problems -- through both the reinvention of international institution and the advancement of a global ethics.
While prime minister, Brown promoted technology as a tool for economic (and environmental) recovery. With his charge to "count the carbon and the pennies," research on electric cars and residential energy efficiency are slated to become a major part of the UK's recovery plan. He pushed for universal broadband and a general increase in spending on science. And he sought to use new communication tools like Twitter and YouTube as a means to communicate government policy.
Gordon Brown | Speaker | TED.com