Mission Blue Voyage
Mike deGruy: Hooked by an octopus
Mike deGruy: Závislý na chobotniciach
Filmed:
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Podmorský filmový tvorca Mike deGruy strávil desiatky rokov blízkym pozorovaním oceánu. Tento skvelý rozprávač zaujal v súvislosti s iniciatívou Mission Blue. Vo svojej reči sa podelil o svoje vzrušenie a úctu, ako aj a o svoj strach o modré srdce našej planéty.
Mike deGruy - Filmmaker
Mike deGruy filmed in and on the ocean for more than three decades -- becoming almost as famous for his storytelling as for his glorious, intimate visions of the sea and the creatures who live in it. Full bio
Mike deGruy filmed in and on the ocean for more than three decades -- becoming almost as famous for his storytelling as for his glorious, intimate visions of the sea and the creatures who live in it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I first became fascinated with octopus at an early age.
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Po prvýkrát ma chobotnice fascinovali už v útlom veku.
00:18
I grew up in Mobile, Alabama --
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Vyrástol som v Mobile, v štáte Alabama -
00:20
somebody's got to be from Mobile, right? --
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niekto musí byť aj z Mobile, no nie? -
00:22
and Mobile sits at the confluence of five rivers,
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no a Mobile leží na sútoku piatich riek,
00:25
forming this beautiful delta.
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vytvárajúcich nádhernú deltu.
00:27
And the delta has alligators crawling
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A tá delta má aligátory, ktoré sa plazia
00:29
in and out of rivers filled with fish
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do alebo von z riek plných rýb,
00:31
and cypress trees dripping with snakes,
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sú tam cyprusy obsypané hadmi
00:33
birds of every flavor.
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a všetkými možnými druhmi vtákov.
00:35
It's an absolute magical wonderland to live in --
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Ak ste dieťa, ktoré sa zaujíma o zvieratá,
00:38
if you're a kid interested in animals, to grow up in.
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je to na prežitie detstva naozaj čarovné miesto.
00:41
And this delta water flows to Mobile Bay, and finally into the Gulf of Mexico.
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Vody z tejto delty sa vlievajú do zálivu Mobile Bay, a potom do Mexického zálivu.
00:45
And I remember my first real contact with octopus
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Pämatám sa na moje prvé naozajstné stretnutie s chobotnicou
00:48
was probably at age five or six.
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keď som mal asi päť alebo šesť rokov.
00:50
I was in the gulf, and I was swimming around and saw a little octopus on the bottom.
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Bol som v zálive , plával som dookola a na dne som zbadal malú chobotnicu.
00:53
And I reached down and picked him up, and immediately
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Natiahol som ruku a zodvihol ju, a ihneď
00:56
became fascinated and impressed by its speed and its strength and agility.
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som ostal očarený a fascinovaný jej rýchlosťou a jej silou a obratnosťou.
00:59
It was prying my fingers apart and moving to the back of my hand.
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Snažila sa roztvoriť moje prsty a dostať sa na chrbát mojej ruky.
01:03
It was all I could do to hold onto this amazing creature.
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Jediné, čo som mohol robiť, bolo držať to úžasné stvorenie.
01:05
Then it sort of calmed down in the palms of my hands
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Potom sa v mojich dlaniach trochu upokojila
01:08
and started flashing colors,
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a začala žiariť farbami,
01:10
just pulsing all of these colors.
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začala priam pulzovať všetkými možnými farbami.
01:12
And as I looked at it, it kind of tucked its arms under it,
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A ako som sa na ňu pozeral, tak trochu si schovala chápadlá pod seba,
01:15
raised into a spherical shape
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premenila sa na guľovitý útvar
01:17
and turned chocolate brown with two white stripes.
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a odrazu bola čokoládovo hnedá, s dvoma bielymi pásikmi.
01:20
I'm going, "My gosh!" I had never seen anything like this in my life!
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Napadlo ma: "Bože!" Ešte nikdy v živote som nevidel nič podobné!
01:23
So I marveled for a moment, and then decided it was time to release him,
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Chvíľku som ešte nad ňou žasol a potom som sa rozhodol, že už je čas ju pustiť,
01:26
so I put him down.
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a tak som ju položil späť.
01:28
The octopus left my hands and then did the damnedest thing:
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Chobotnica odplávala z mojich rúk a potom urobila tú najneuveritelnejšiu vec -
01:32
It landed on the bottom in the rubble
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klesla do štrku na dne
01:35
and -- fwoosh! -- vanished
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a - vuš! - vyparila sa
01:37
right before my eyes.
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rovno pred mojimi očami.
01:38
And I knew, right then, at age six,
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A ja som hneď vtedy, vo veku šesť rokov pochopil,
01:40
that is an animal that I want to learn more about. So I did.
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že toto je zviera, o ktorom chcem zistiť viac. A tak som to urobil.
01:43
And I went off to college and got a degree in marine zoology,
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Vyštudoval som univerzitu a získal diplom v morskej zoológii,
01:46
and then moved to Hawaii and entered graduate school
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a potom som sa presťahoval na Havaj a nastúpil na postgraduálne štúdium
01:48
at the University of Hawaii.
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na Havajskej Univerzite.
01:50
And while a student at Hawaii, I worked at the Waikiki Aquarium.
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Kým som študoval na Havaji, pracoval som v akváriu vo Waikiki.
01:53
And the aquarium had a lot of big fish tanks
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Táto budova mala veľa obrovských nádrží s rybami,
01:55
but not a lot of invertebrate displays,
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ale málo expozícií o bezstavovcoch.
01:57
and being the spineless guy, I thought, well
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a keďže som bol mladík bez chrbtovej kosti, pomyslel som si,
02:00
I'll just go out in the field and collect these wonderful animals
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že proste pôjdem a nazhromaždím tieto nádherné stvorenia,
02:03
I had been learning about as a student
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o ktorých som sa učil v škole,
02:06
and bring them in, and I built these elaborate sets and put them on display.
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a prinesiem ich do akvária, postavím tie komplikované zariadenia a vystavím ich.
02:09
Now, the fish in the tanks were gorgeous to look at,
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Ryby v akváriách totiž vyzerali nádherne,
02:13
but they didn't really interact with people.
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ale nemali žiadnu interakciu s ľuďmi.
02:16
But the octopus did.
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Chobotnice mali.
02:18
If you walked up to an octopus tank,
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Ak ste prišli k akváriu s chobotnicami
02:20
especially early in the morning before anyone arrived,
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(najmä skoro ráno predtým, ako prišli ľudia),
02:22
the octopus would rise up and look at you
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chobotnica sa zdvihla a pozrela sa na vás
02:24
and you're thinking, "Is that guy really looking at me? He is looking at me!"
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a vy ste si pomysleli: "Pozerá sa naozaj na mňa? Ona sa pozerá na mňa!"
02:27
And you walk up to the front of the tank. Then you realize
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Tak ste prišli bližšie k akváriu. Vtedy ste si uvedomili,
02:29
that these animals all have different personalities:
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že každá chobotnica má inú osobnosť:
02:33
Some of them would hold their ground,
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Niektoré sa nezľakli a ostali na svojom mieste,
02:35
others would slink into the back of the tank and disappear in the rocks,
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iné sa odplazili dozadu a zmizli medzi kameňmi,
02:39
and one in particular, this amazing animal ...
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a špeciálne jedna, úplne výnimočné stvorenie...
02:41
I went up to the front of the tank, and he's just staring at me,
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Prišiel som k akváriu a ona sa na mňa uprene zahľadela.
02:44
and he had little horns come up above his eyes.
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Mala maličké rožky nad očami.
02:46
So I went right up to the front of the tank --
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Prišiel som úplne k akváriu -
02:48
I was three or four inches from the front glass --
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tak desať centimetrov od skla -
02:50
and the octopus was sitting on a perch, a little rock,
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chobotnica sedela na bydielku, malom kameni,
02:53
and he came off the rock and he also came down right to the front of the glass.
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zišla z kameňa a prišla úplne ku sklu.
02:57
So I was staring at this animal about six or seven inches away,
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Tak som uprene pozeral na to zviera vzdialené zo desať centimetrov
03:00
and at that time I could actually focus that close;
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(vtedy som ešte videl na takú malú vzdialenosť;
03:03
now as I look at my fuzzy fingers I realize those days are long gone.
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teraz, keď sa pozerám na svoje rozmazané prsty, uvedomujem si, že tie časy sú dávno preč).
03:07
Anyway, there we were, staring at each other,
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No a tak sme tam na seba zízali,
03:09
and he reaches down and grabs an armful of gravel
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až sa zrazu načiahla dolu, schytila plnú hrsť štrku
03:12
and releases it in the jet of water entering the tank
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a vypustila ho do prúdu vody prichádzajúcej do nádrže
03:15
from the filtration system,
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z filtračného systému.
03:17
and -- chk chk chk chk chk! -- this gravel hits the front of the glass and falls down.
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- šk šk šk šk šk! - štrk narazil do predného skla a spadol dolu.
03:20
He reaches up, takes another armful of gravel, releases it --
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A ona sa znovu načiahla, nabrala plnú hrsť štrku, vypustila ju -
03:23
chk chk chk chk chk! -- same thing.
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šk šk šk šk šk! - to isté!
03:26
Then he lifts another arm and I lift an arm.
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Potom zdvihla iné chápadlo a ja som zdvihol moju ruku.
03:29
Then he lifts another arm and I lift another arm.
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Potom zdvihla zas ďalšie chápadlo a ja som zodvihol moju druhú ruku.
03:32
And then I realize the octopus won the arms race,
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Vtedy som si uvedomil, že chobotnica vyhrala preteky v počte končatín,
03:35
because I was out and he had six left. (Laughter)
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ja som bol už hotový a ona ich mala ešte šesť v zásobe. (Smiech)
03:38
But the only way I can describe what I was seeing that day
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Jediné vysvetlenie toho, čo som v ten deň videl bolo,
03:42
was that this octopus was playing,
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že táto chobotnica sa hrala,
03:45
which is a pretty sophisticated behavior for a mere invertebrate.
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čo je pomerne dosť vyspelé správanie pre obyčajného bezstavovca.
03:49
So, about three years into my degree,
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Približne v treťom roku môjho štúdia
03:51
a funny thing happened on the way to the office,
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sa mi cestou do kancelárie stala príhoda,
03:54
which actually changed the course of my life.
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ktorá podstatne zmenila moju životnú dráhu.
03:56
A man came into the aquarium. It's a long story, but essentially
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Je to dlhý príbeh, ale v krátkosti - do akvária prišiel chlapík,
03:59
he sent me and a couple of friends of mine to the South Pacific
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ktorý mňa a zopár mojich kamarátov poslal do južného Pacifiku
04:02
to collect animals for him,
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nazbierať preňho nejaké zvieratá.
04:04
and as we left, he gave us two 16-millimeter movie cameras.
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Keď sme odchádzali, dal nám dve 16-milimetrové filmové kamery
04:07
He said, "Make a movie about this expedition."
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a povedal: "Nafilmujte o tejto expedícii film."
04:10
"OK, a couple of biologists making a movie --
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Pomyslel som si: "Fajn, to bude zaujímavé -
04:13
this'll be interesting,"
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biológovia, čo sa snažia natočiť film",
04:14
and off we went. And we did, we made a movie,
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a s tým sme odišli. No a natočili sme film,
04:16
which had to be the worst movie ever made
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ktorý musí byť síce tým najhorším filmom
04:18
in the history of movie making,
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v celej filmovej histórii,
04:20
but it was a blast. I had so much fun.
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ale bol to´náramný pôžitok. Mal som s tým úžasnú zábavu.
04:22
And I remember that proverbial light going off in my head,
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Pamätám si ten moment, keď mi odrazu svitlo v hlave
04:24
thinking, "Wait a minute.
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a pomyslel som si: "Počkať.
04:26
Maybe I can do this all the time.
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Možno by som toto mohol robiť natrvalo.
04:28
Yeah, I'll be a filmmaker."
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Hej, tuším budem točiť filmy."
04:30
So I literally came back from that job,
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Takže hneď ako som sa vrátil z toho projektu,
04:32
quit school, hung my filmmaking shingle
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ukončil som školu, založil svoju filmovú spoločnosť
04:34
and just never told anyone that I didn't know what I was doing.
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a nikdy som nikomu nepovedal, že som vôbec nevedel, čo robím.
04:37
It's been a good ride.
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Bola to úžasná skúsenosť.
04:39
And what I learned in school though was really beneficial.
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Čo som sa naučil v škole mi naozaj veľmi pomohlo.
04:41
If you're a wildlife filmmaker
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Ak filmujete život v divočine
04:43
and you're going out into the field to film animals,
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a špecializujete sa na filmovanie zvierat,
04:45
especially behavior,
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hlavne ich správania,
04:47
it helps to have a fundamental background
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je užitočné, mať základné vedomosti o tom,
04:49
on who these animals are,
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kto tieto zvieratá sú,
04:51
how they work and, you know, a bit about their behaviors.
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ako žijú a tiež samozrejme trochu o tom, ako sa správajú.
04:54
But where I really learned about octopus
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Ale najviac som sa naučil o chobotniciach
04:56
was in the field, as a filmmaker
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v teréne, ako filmár,
04:58
making films with them,
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počas ich filmovania,
05:00
where you're allowed to spend large periods of time
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kde máte možnosť stráviť množstvo času
05:03
with the animals, seeing octopus being octopus
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so zvieratami, pozorovať chobotnice ako chobotnica
05:06
in their ocean homes.
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v ich oceánskom domove.
05:08
I remember I took a trip to Australia,
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Pamätám si na jeden výlet do Austrálie,
05:10
went to an island called One Tree Island.
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kam som išiel na ostrov, ktorý sa volá Ostrov Jedného Stromu.
05:13
And apparently, evolution had occurred
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Očividne evolúcia na ostrove prebehla
05:15
at a pretty rapid rate on One Tree,
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rapídnou rýchlosťou
05:17
between the time they named it and the time I arrived,
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medzi dobou jeho pomenovania a mojim príchodom,
05:20
because I'm sure there were at least three trees
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lebo som si istý, že na ostrove boli minimálne tri stromi
05:22
on that island when we were there.
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keď sme tam boli.
05:24
Anyway, one tree is situated right next to
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No tak, či tak, Ostrov Jedného Stromu leží hneď vedľa
05:26
a beautiful coral reef.
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nádherného koralového útesu.
05:28
In fact, there's a surge channel
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Je tam nepokojný kanál,
05:30
where the tide is moving back and forth, twice a day, pretty rapidly.
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v ktorom sa dvakrát denne značne rýchlo mení príliv a odliv.
05:33
And there's a beautiful reef,
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Je tam nádherný útes,
05:34
very complex reef, with lots of animals,
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absolútne dokonalý útes, s množstvom zvierat
05:37
including a lot of octopus.
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vrátane početných chobotníc.
05:39
And not uniquely
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A nie výnimočne,
05:41
but certainly, the octopus in Australia
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lež naisto sú chobotnice v Austrálii
05:43
are masters at camouflage.
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majstrami v maskovaní.
05:45
As a matter of fact,
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Naozaj,
05:47
there's one right there.
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jedna je priamo tam.
05:49
So our first challenge was to find these things,
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Takže naša prvá úloha bola nájsť ich
05:51
and that was a challenge, indeed.
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a bol to vskutku poriadne ťažký oriešok.
05:53
But the idea is, we were there for a month
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Keďže sme tam boli na celý mesiac,
05:55
and I wanted to acclimate the animals to us
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chcel som, aby si zvieratá na nás zvykli,
05:57
so that we could see behaviors without disturbing them.
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aby sme mohli pozorovať ich správanie bez toho, aby sme ich vyrušovali.
06:00
So the first week was pretty much spent
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Takže väčšinu prvého týždňa sme strávili snahou
06:02
just getting as close as we could,
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priblížiť sa čo najviac,
06:04
every day a little closer, a little closer, a little closer.
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každý deň trošku bližšie a bližšie.
06:06
And you knew what the limit was: they would start getting twitchy
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Spoznali by ste hranicu: chobotnice by znervózneli
06:08
and you'd back up, come back in a few hours.
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a tak by ste ustúpili a vrátili sa o niekoľko hodín.
06:11
And after the first week, they ignored us.
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Po prvom týždni si nás už nevšímali.
06:14
It was like, "I don't know what that thing is, but he's no threat to me."
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Ako keby si mysleli: "Neviem, čo táto vec je, ale neohrozuje ma."
06:16
So they went on about their business
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Tak si šli po svojom
06:18
and from a foot away, we're watching mating
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a tak sme úplne zblízka pozorovali,
06:20
and courting and fighting
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ako sa pária a dvoria si a bojujú
06:22
and it is just an unbelievable experience.
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a to je jednoducho neuveriteľná skúsenosť.
06:25
And one of the most fantastic displays
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Jeden z ich najfantastickejších prejavov
06:27
that I remember, or at least visually,
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ktoré si pamätám, aspoň vizuálne,
06:29
was a foraging behavior.
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bolo ich správanie pri hľadaní potravy.
06:31
And they had a lot of different techniques
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Chobotnice majú veľa rozličných techník,
06:33
that they would use for foraging,
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ktoré by použili pri získavaní potravy,
06:35
but this particular one used vision.
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ale táto konktrétna využíva zrak.
06:37
And they would see a coral head,
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Keď zbadali koralový blok,
06:39
maybe 10 feet away,
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tak asi 3 metre ďaleko,
06:41
and start moving over toward that coral head.
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začali sa k nemu posúvať.
06:44
And I don't know whether they actually saw crab in it, or imagined that one might be,
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Neviem, či tam niekde naozaj videli kraba, alebo si iba predstavovali, že by tam nejaký mohol byť,
06:48
but whatever the case, they would leap off the bottom
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no tak či onak sa odlepili odo dna,
06:51
and go through the water and land right on top of this coral head,
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preplavili sa cez vodu a pristáli priamo navrchu tohto koralového bloku.
06:54
and then the web between the arms
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Potom by blana medzi chápadlami
06:56
would completely engulf the coral head,
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úplne obalila koralový blok
06:58
and they would fish out, swim for crabs.
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a začali by loviť a hľadať kraby.
07:00
And as soon as the crabs touched the arm, it was lights out.
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V momente, ako sa kraby dotkli chápadiel, bolo po nich.
07:03
And I always wondered what happened under that web.
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Vždy som bol zvedavý na to, čo sa dialo pod tou blanou.
07:05
So we created a way to find out, (Laughter)
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Tak sme vymysleli spôsob, ako to zistiť (smiech)
07:08
and I got my first look at that famous beak in action.
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a ja som prvýkrát pozeral na ten známy zobák v akcii.
07:11
It was fantastic.
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Bolo to úžasné.
07:13
If you're going to make a lot of films about a particular group of animals,
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Ak zamýšľate natočiť množstvo filmov o určitej skupine zvierat,
07:16
you might as well pick one that's fairly common.
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najlepšie je vybrať si také, ktoré sú pomerne obvyklé.
07:18
And octopus are, they live in all the oceans.
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To chobotnice sú, žijú vo všetkých oceánoch.
07:20
They also live deep.
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Taktiež žijú poriadne hlboko.
07:22
And I can't say octopus are responsible
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Nemôžem tvrdiť, že chobotnice sú zodpovedné
07:24
for my really strong interest
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za moju skutočne silnú snahu
07:26
in getting in subs and going deep,
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nastúpiť do ponorky a zísť do hĺbky,
07:28
but whatever the case, I like that.
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pretože to v každom prípade robím rád.
07:30
It's like nothing you've ever done.
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Nedá sa to porovnať k ničomu, čo ste kedy urobili.
07:32
If you ever really want to get away from it all
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Ak niekedy máte chuť od všetkého odísť
07:34
and see something that you have never seen,
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a vidieť niečo, čo ste nikdy nevideli
07:36
and have an excellent chance of seeing something
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a mať vynikajúcu príležitosť vidieť niečo,
07:38
no one has ever seen, get in a sub.
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čo ešte nikto nikdy nevidel, naskočte do ponorky.
07:41
You climb in, seal the hatch, turn on a little oxygen,
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Vlezte do nej, utesnite vchod, pustite trochu kyslíka,
07:43
turn on the scrubber,
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spustite filter,
07:45
which removes the CO2 in the air you breathe, and they chuck you overboard.
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čo odoberá kysličník uhličitý zo vzduchu, ktorý dýchate
a prehodia vás cez palubu.
a prehodia vás cez palubu.
07:48
Down you go. There's no connection to the surface
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A idete ku dnu. Nejestvuje žiadne spojenie s povrchom
07:50
apart from a pretty funky radio.
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okrem nejakého riadne smiešneho rádia.
07:52
And as you go down, the washing machine
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Ako klesáte, pračka existujúca na hladine
07:54
at the surface calms down.
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sa ukľudní.
07:56
And it gets quiet.
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Všetko stíchne.
07:58
And it starts getting really nice.
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A vtedy to začne byť naozaj pekné.
08:00
And as you go deeper, that lovely, blue water you were launched in
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Ako idete hlbšie a hlbšie, tá krásna modrá voda, v ktorej ste začínali,
08:03
gives way to darker and darker blue.
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ustupuje tmavšej a ešte tmavšej modrej.
08:06
And finally, it's a rich lavender,
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Nakoniec je to tmavo-fialové,
08:08
and after a couple of thousand feet, it's ink black.
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a po pár stovkách metrov atramentovo čierne.
08:11
And now you've entered the realm
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A vtedy ste vstúpili do ríše
08:13
of the mid-water community.
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spoločenstva stredných hĺbok..
08:16
You could give an entire talk
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Mohli by ste predniesť celú reč
08:18
about the creatures that live in the mid-water.
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o stvoreniach žijúcich vo vode v stredných hĺbkach.
08:20
Suffice to say though, as far as I'm concerned,
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Myslím, že čo sa mňa týka, môžem smelo povedať,
08:23
without question, the most bizarre designs
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že tie najbizarnejšie štruktúry
08:26
and outrageous behaviors
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a najvýstrednejšie spôsoby správania sa
08:29
are in the animals that live in the mid-water community.
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majú zvieratá, žijúce v stredných hĺbkach.
08:32
But we're just going to zip right past this area,
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Popri tejto oblasti však len prefrčíme,
08:34
this area that includes about 95 percent
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je to oblasť, ktorá zahŕňa okolo 95 percent
08:37
of the living space on our planet
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životného priestoru našej planéty
08:39
and go to the mid-ocean ridge, which I think is even more extraordinary.
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a posunieme sa k stredooceánskemu chrbtu, o ktorom si ja myslím, že je ešte neobyčajnejší.
08:42
The mid-ocean ridge is a huge mountain range,
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Stredooceánsky chrbát je obrovské pohorie,
08:45
40,000 miles long, snaking around the entire globe.
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ktoré sa kľukatí v dĺžke 65 000 kilometrov okolo celej zemegule.
08:48
And they're big mountains, thousands of feet tall,
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Sú to obrovské hory,
08:50
some of which are tens of thousands of feet
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stovky a niektoré z nich aj tisícky metrov vysoké,
08:52
and bust through the surface,
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čo sa predierajú cez hladinu
08:54
creating islands like Hawaii.
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a vytvárajú ostrovy ako Havaj.
08:56
And the top of this mountain range
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Vrchol tejto horskej oblasti
08:58
is splitting apart, creating a rift valley.
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je rozštiepený a tvorí tak v trhline údolie.
09:01
And when you dive into that rift valley, that's where the action is
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Keď sa ponoríte do tejto trhliny, začne to byť naozaj dobrodružné,
09:04
because literally thousands of active volcanoes
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pretože doslovne tisícky aktívnych sopiek
09:07
are going off at any point in time
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neustále chrlí
09:09
all along this 40,000 mile range.
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pozdĺž tohto 65 000 kilometrového úseku.
09:11
And as these tectonic plates are spreading apart,
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Ako sa tektonické platne rozostupujú,
09:14
magma, lava is coming up and filling those gaps,
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vyviera láva a vypĺňa tie medzery
09:17
and you're looking land -- new land --
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a vy sa pozeráte ako sa krajina -- nová krajina --
09:20
being created right before your eyes.
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rodí priamo pred vašimi očami.
09:22
And over the tops of them is 3,000 to 4,000 meters of water
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A nad jej vrcholmi je 3000 až 4000 metrov vody,
09:25
creating enormous pressure,
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vytvárajúcej obrovský tlak,
09:27
forcing water down through the cracks toward the center of the earth,
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ktorý tlačí cez praskliny vodu dole, ku stredu Zeme,
09:30
until it hits a magma chamber
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až pokiaľ nenarazí na magmatickú komoru,
09:32
where it becomes superheated
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kde sa z nej stane prehriata
09:34
and supersaturated with minerals,
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a minerálmi presýtená kvapalina,
09:36
reverses its flow and starts shooting back to the surface
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a kde sa prúdenie otočí a voda vystrelí k povrchu
09:38
and is ejected out of the earth like a geyser at Yellowstone.
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a vytryskne zo zeme ako gejzír v Yellowstone.
09:41
In fact, this whole area
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Naozaj, celá táto oblasť
09:43
is like a Yellowstone National Park with all of the trimmings.
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je ako Yellowstonský národný park so všetkými parádami.
09:46
And this vent fluid is about 600 or 700 degrees F.
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Táto vyvierajúca kvapalina má okolo 315-370 stupňov Celzia.
09:49
The surrounding water is just a couple of degrees above freezing.
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Okolitá voda je iba niekoľko stupňov nad bodom mrazu.
09:52
So it immediately cools,
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Takže vyvierajúca kvapalina sa okamžite ochladzuje
09:54
and it can no longer hold in suspension
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a nemôže už dlhšie udržať
09:56
all of the material that it's dissolved,
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všetok v nej rozpustený materiál.
09:58
and it precipitates out, forming black smoke.
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Ten sa vyzráža a vytvorí čierny dym.
10:01
And it forms these towers, these chimneys
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Dym vytvorí tamtie veže, alebo komíny,
10:03
that are 10, 20, 30 feet tall.
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ktoré sú zo 3 až 10 metrov vysoké.
10:05
And all along the sides of these chimneys
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A všetko v okolí tých komínov
10:08
is shimmering with heat and loaded with life.
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sa chveje teplom a je plné života.
10:11
You've got black smokers going all over the place
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Všade naokolo sú takýto čierni fajčiari
10:13
and chimneys that have tube worms
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a komíny s rúrkovými červíkmi,
10:15
that might be eight to 10 feet long.
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dlhými niekedy 2,5 až 3 metre.
10:18
And out of the tops of these tube worms
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Z ústí rúrok týchto červíkov vytŕčajú
10:20
are these beautiful red plumes.
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tieto nádherné, červené chumáče.
10:22
And living amongst the tangle of tube worms
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V spleti rúrkových červíkov žije
10:25
is an entire community of animals:
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celé celé spoločenstvo zvierat:
10:27
shrimp, fish, lobsters, crab,
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krevety, ryby, homáre, kraby,
10:29
clams and swarms of arthropods
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mušle a kŕdle členovcov,
10:31
that are playing that dangerous game
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ktoré sa hrajú nebezpečnú hru
10:33
between over here is scalding hot and freezing cold.
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medzi - tu je strašne horúco a tu zase treskúca zima.
10:36
And this whole ecosystem
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Celý tento ekosytém
10:38
wasn't even known about
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bol ešte pred 33 rokmi
10:40
until 33 years ago.
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neznámy.
10:42
And it completely threw science on its head.
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Vedu to úplne otočilo hore nohami.
10:46
It made scientists rethink
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Vedci museli prehodnotiť,
10:48
where life on Earth might have actually begun.
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kde život na Zemi mohol naozaj vzniknúť.
10:50
And before the discovery of these vents,
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Pred objavením týchto prieduchov,
10:53
all life on Earth, the key to life on Earth,
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sa verilo, že kľúčom k životu na Zemi
10:55
was believed to be the sun and photosynthesis.
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je Slnko a fotosyntéza.
10:57
But down there, there is no sun,
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Ale tam dolu nie je žiadne slnko,
10:59
there is no photosynthesis;
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nie je tam žiadna fotosyntéza;
11:01
it's chemosynthetic environment down there driving it,
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to prostredie tam dole riadi chemosyntéza,
11:04
and it's all so ephemeral.
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a celé je to veľmi rýchlo pominuteľné.
11:06
You might film this
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Môžete filmovať tento
11:08
unbelievable hydrothermal vent,
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neuveriteľný hydrotermálny prieduch,
11:10
which you think at the time has to be on another planet.
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o ktorom si myslíte, že svojho času musel byť na inej planéte.
11:13
It's amazing to think that this is actually on earth;
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Je naozaj úžasné si uvedomiť, že toto je to skutočne na Zemi;
11:15
it looks like aliens in an alien environment.
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pretože to vyzerá ako mimozemšťania na inej planéte.
11:18
But you go back to the same vent eight years later
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Ale vráťte sa k tomu istému prieduchu o osem rokov
11:21
and it can be completely dead.
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a môže byť úplne mŕtvy.
11:23
There's no hot water.
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Už tam nie je horúca voda.
11:25
All of the animals are gone, they're dead,
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Všetky zvieratá sú preč - sú mŕtve.
11:27
and the chimneys are still there
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Tie komíny tam stále sú,
11:29
creating a really nice ghost town,
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a vytvárajú naozaj krásne mesto duchov -
11:31
an eerie, spooky ghost town,
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tajuplné, strašidelné mesto duchov
11:33
but essentially devoid of animals, of course.
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ale samozrejme úplne bez života.
11:35
But 10 miles down the ridge...
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Ale o 15 kilometrov ďalej pozdĺž chrbta...
11:38
pshhh! There's another volcano going.
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pššš! Už je tam ďalšia sopka.
11:40
And there's a whole new hydrothermal vent community that has been formed.
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A vzniklo celé nové spoločenstvo hydrotermálneho prieduchu.
11:43
And this kind of life and death of hydrothermal vent communities
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Tento druh života a smrti spoločenstiev hydrotermálnych prieduchov
11:46
is going on every 30 or 40 years
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postupuje pozdĺž celého chrbta
11:48
all along the ridge.
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každých 30 alebo 40 rokov.
11:50
And that ephemeral nature
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Tá pominuteľnosť
11:52
of the hydrothermal vent community
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týchto spoločenstiev
11:54
isn't really different from some of the
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ne je veľmi odlišná od niektorých oblastí,
11:56
areas that I've seen
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ktoré som videl
11:58
in 35 years of traveling around, making films.
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počas 35 rokov cestovania a filmovania.
12:01
Where you go and film a really nice sequence at a bay.
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Niekam idete a natočíte naozaj pekné zábery v nejakom zálive.
12:04
And you go back, and I'm at home,
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A vrátite sa späť, a ja som doma
12:06
and I'm thinking, "Okay, what can I shoot ...
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a rozmýšľam: " Fajn, čo by som tak mohol natočiť...
12:08
Ah! I know where I can shoot that.
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Ach! Už viem, kde to môžem natočiť.
12:10
There's this beautiful bay, lots of soft corals and stomatopods."
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Existuje jeden krásny záliv, plný mäkkých koralov a stomatopódov."
12:12
And you show up, and it's dead.
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Prídete tam a je to mŕtve.
12:15
There's no coral, algae growing on it, and the water's pea soup.
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Nie sú tam žiadne koraly, rastú na nich riasy a voda je hrachová polievka.
12:18
You think, "Well, what happened?"
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Rozmýšľate: "Čo sa to tu stalo?"
12:20
And you turn around,
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Potom sa otočíte
12:22
and there's a hillside behind you with a neighborhood going in,
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a za vami je stráň s vyrastajúcim sídliskom
12:24
and bulldozers are pushing piles of soil back and forth.
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a buldozérmi premiestňujúcimi hromady zeminy sem a tam.
12:27
And over here
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A obďaleč
12:29
there's a golf course going in.
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sa zase stavia golfové ihrisko.
12:31
And this is the tropics.
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Toto sa odohráva v trópoch,
12:33
It's raining like crazy here.
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kde sú nenormálne dažde.
12:35
So this rainwater is flooding down the hillside,
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Takže dažďová voda steká dolu stráňou
12:38
carrying with it sediments from the construction site,
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a berie zo sebou všetky sedimenty zo staveniska,
12:40
smothering the coral and killing it.
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ktorými zavalí a zničí koraly.
12:42
And fertilizers and pesticides
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Hnojivá a pesticídy
12:44
are flowing into the bay from the golf course --
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stekajú do zálivu z golfového ihriska -
12:47
the pesticides killing all the larvae and little animals,
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pesticídy zabíjajú larvy a malé zvieratá,
12:50
fertilizer creating this beautiful plankton bloom --
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hnojivá vytvárajú krásne kvitnúci planktón
12:52
and there's your pea soup.
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a preto je tam voda ako hrachová polievka.
12:54
But, encouragingly, I've seen just the opposite.
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Našťastie, videl som aj presný opak.
12:57
I've been to a place that was a pretty trashed bay.
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Bol som pri naozaj dosť znečistenom zálive.
13:00
And I looked at it, just said, "Yuck,"
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Keď som sa naň pozrel, iba som si povedal: "Fuj"
13:02
and go and work on the other side of the island.
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a išiel som pracovať na druhú stranu ostrova.
13:04
Five years later, come back,
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O päť rokov neskôr som sa vrátil
13:06
and that same bay is now gorgeous. It's beautiful.
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a ten istý záliv bol zrazu nádherný. Je to krásne.
13:09
It's got living coral, fish all over the place,
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Má žijúce koraly, ryby všade naokolo,
13:11
crystal clear water, and you go, "How did that happen?"
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krištáľovo čistú vodu. Pýtate sa: "Ako sa to stalo?"
13:14
Well, how it happened is
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No a stalo sa to tak,
13:16
the local community galvanized.
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že miestna komunita sa zaktivizovala.
13:18
They recognized what was happening on the hillside and put a stop to it;
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Ľudia si uvedomili, čo sa dialo na stráni a zastavili to.
13:21
enacted laws and made permits required
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Vytvorili zákony a stanovili limity potrebné
13:23
to do responsible construction
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na rozvážnu výstavbu
13:25
and golf course maintenance
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a údržbu golfového ihriska.
13:27
and stopped the sediments flowing into the bay,
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Zastavili prítok sedimentov do zálivu,
13:29
and stopped the chemicals flowing into the bay,
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zastavili chemikálie pritekajúce do zálivu,
13:31
and the bay recovered.
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a záliv ožil.
13:33
The ocean has an amazing ability
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Oceán má úžasnú schopnosť vzchopiť sa,
13:35
to recover, if we'll just leave it alone.
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ak ho necháme byť.
13:38
I think Margaret Mead
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Myslým, že najlepšie to vystihla
13:40
said it best.
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Margaret Mead.
13:42
She said that a small group of thoughtful people
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Margaret povedala, že aj malá skupina premýšľajúcich ľudí
13:44
could change the world.
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môže zmeniť svet.
13:46
Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.
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Naozaj, to je tá jediná vec, ktorá kedy pomohla.
13:49
And a small group of thoughtful people
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Malá skupina premýšľajúcich ľudí
13:51
changed that bay.
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zmenila záliv.
13:53
I'm a big fan of grassroots organizations.
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Som veľký fanúšik hnutia zdola.
13:56
I've been to a lot of lectures
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Zúčastňujem sa mnohých prednášok,
13:58
where, at the end of it, inevitably,
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kde sa na konci nevyhnutne
14:00
one of the first questions that comes up is,
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medzi prvými objavuje otázka:
14:02
"But, but what can I do?
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"Ale ako môžem pomôcť ja?
14:04
I'm an individual. I'm one person.
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Ja som predsa jednotlivec. Som sám.
14:06
And these problems are so large and global, and it's just overwhelming."
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A tieto problémy sú tak obrovské a globálne a je to priam ohromujúce."
14:09
Fair enough question.
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To je otázka na mieste.
14:11
My answer to that is don't look
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Odpovedám na ňu:
14:13
at the big, overwhelming issues of the world.
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nepozerajte na tie obrovské, ohromujúce problémy sveta!
14:16
Look in your own backyard.
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Pozrite sa do vlastného dvora.
14:18
Look in your heart, actually.
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Vlastne, pozrite sa radšej do svojho srdca.
14:21
What do you really care about that isn't right where you live?
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Čo nie je v poriadku z toho, na čom vám naozaj záleží vo vašom bydlisku?
14:24
And fix it.
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Opravte to!
14:26
Create a healing zone in your neighborhood
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Vytvorte oddychovú zónu vo vašej štvrti
14:28
and encourage others to do the same.
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a podporte iných, aby spravili to isté.
14:30
And maybe these healing zones can sprinkle a map,
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A potom možno tieto oddychové zóny zasypú mapu,
14:32
little dots on a map.
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malé bodky na mape.
14:34
And in fact, the way that we can communicate today --
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Ale vďaka úrovni našich dnešných komunikačných služieb,
14:37
where Alaska is instantly knowing what's going on in China,
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keď Aljaška hneď vie, čo sa deje v Číne
14:40
and the Kiwis did this, and then over in England they tried to ...
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a že Austrálčania urobili toto a v Anglicku skúsili tamto...
14:42
and everybody is talking to everyone else --
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a každý sa rozpráva s každým
14:44
it's not isolated points on a map anymore,
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nie sú to izolované body na mape,
14:46
it's a network we've created.
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je to nami stvorená sieť.
14:48
And maybe these healing zones can start growing,
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A možno, že tieto oddychové zóny začnú rásť,
14:50
and possibly even overlap, and good things can happen.
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a dokonca sa prekrývať a môžu z toho vyklíčiť ďalšie dobré veci.
14:53
So that's how I answer that question.
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Tak zvyknem odpovedať na tú otázku.
14:56
Look in your own backyard, in fact, look in the mirror.
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Pozrite sa do svojho dvora. Ešte lepšie, pozrite sa do zrkadla.
14:59
What can you do that is more responsible
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Čo môžete urobiť zodpovednejšie,
15:01
than what you're doing now?
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než to robíte teraz?
15:03
And do that, and spread the word.
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A spravte to a potom to rozšírte po svete.
15:06
The vent community animals
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Spoločenstvo živočichov okolo hydrotermálnych prieduchov
15:08
can't really do much
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naozaj nemôže urobiť veľa
15:10
about the life and death
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ohľadne života a smrti
15:12
that's going on where they live, but up here we can.
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tam, kde žijú... ale my tu hore môžeme.
15:15
In theory, we're thinking, rational human beings.
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Teoreticky sme predsa rozmýšľajúce, racionálne ľudské bytosti.
15:18
And we can make changes to our behavior
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Môžeme zmeniť naše správanie,
15:21
that will influence and affect the environment,
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čo ovplyvní a zasiahne životné prostredie rovnako,
15:24
like those people changed the health of that bay.
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ako tí ľudia zmenili zdravie toho zálivu.
15:26
Now, Sylvia's TED Prize wish
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Sylvia nás vo svojom želaní v Cene TEDu
15:29
was to beseech us to do anything we could,
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naliehavo prosila urobiť čokoľvek,
15:32
everything we could,
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všetko, čo len môžeme,
15:34
to set aside not pin pricks,
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pre vyčlenenie nie drobných,
15:36
but significant expanses
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ale naozaj významných oblastí
15:38
of the ocean for preservation,
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v oceáne pre jeho ochranu.
15:40
"hope spots," she calls them.
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Sylvia ich pomenovala: "ostrovy nádeje".
15:42
And I applaud that. I loudly applaud that.
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A ja tomu tlieskam. Nahlas tomu tlieskam.
15:46
And it's my hope that some of these "hope spots"
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Dúfam, že niektoré z týchto "ostrovov nádeje"
15:49
can be in the deep ocean,
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môžu byť v hlbokých vodách oceánu -
15:51
an area that has historically
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v oblastiach, ktoré boli dlhodobo
15:54
been seriously neglected, if not abused.
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veľmi zanedbávané, ak nie priamo zneužívané.
15:57
The term "deep six" comes to mind:
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Napadá ma fráza "pochovať v mori":
15:59
"If it's too big or too toxic for a landfill,
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"Ak je to priveľké, alebo priveľmi jedovaté pre skládku odpadu,
16:02
deep six it!"
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pochovajte to v oceáne!"
16:04
So, I hope that we can also keep
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A tak dúfam, že udržíme
16:06
some of these "hope spots" in the deep sea.
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niektoré z týchto "ostrovov nádeje" v hlbokých vodách.
16:09
Now, I don't get a wish,
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Teraz nemám žiadne želanie,
16:12
but I certainly can say
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ale môžem s istotou povedať,
16:15
that I will do anything I can
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že urobím všetko, čo len budem môcť,
16:17
to support Sylvia Earle's wish.
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pre podporu želania Sylvie Earleovej.
16:19
And that I do.
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A to robím.
16:21
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Ďakujem. (Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike deGruy - FilmmakerMike deGruy filmed in and on the ocean for more than three decades -- becoming almost as famous for his storytelling as for his glorious, intimate visions of the sea and the creatures who live in it.
Why you should listen
Mike deGruy was a graduate student in marine biology when he first picked up a 16mm film camera. Thirty-plus years on, his company, the Film Crew Inc., travels the oceans making underwater films for the BBC, PBS, National Geographic and Discovery Channel. He dived beneath both poles and visited the hydrothermal vents in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. And as you can imagine, he collected many stories along the way.
An accomplished diver and underwater cinematographer, deGruy also became a go-to host and expedition member on shows like the recent Mysteries of the Shark Coast with Céline Cousteau and Richard Fitzpatrick. (He was a regular on Shark Week -- and a shark attack survivor himelf.) But his first passion was cephalopods, and in fact deGruy and his team were the first to film two rarely seen cephalopods, the nautilus and the vampire squid, in their home ocean.
Mike deGruy | Speaker | TED.com