TEDGlobal 2005
Jacqueline Novogratz: Invest in Africa's own solutions
Jacqueline Novogratz investuje do zániku chudoby
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Jacqueline Novogratz oceňuje zvýšenie svetového záujmu o Afriku a chudobu, ale presvedčivo bojuje za nový prístup.
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I want to start with a story, a la Seth Godin,
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Chcela by som začať príbehom, ako Seth Godin,
00:28
from when I was 12 years old.
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z obdobia, keď som mala 12.
00:30
My uncle Ed gave me a beautiful blue sweater --
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Strýko Ed mi dal nádherný modrý sveter --
00:33
at least I thought it was beautiful.
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aspoň ja som ho považovala za nádherný.
00:35
And it had fuzzy zebras walking across the stomach,
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Rozmazané zebry kráčajúce krížom cez brucho,
00:38
and Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru were kind of
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a Kilimandžáro a Meru boli nejako
00:41
right across the chest, that were also fuzzy.
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krížom cez hrudník, tiež neostré.
00:43
And I wore it whenever I could,
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Obliekala som si ho
00:44
thinking it was the most fabulous thing I owned.
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s pocitom, že je to najúžasnejšia vec, akú vlastním.
00:47
Until one day in ninth grade,
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Až do dňa v deviatej triede,
00:49
when I was standing with a number of the football players.
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kedy som bola s nejakými futbalistami.
00:52
And my body had clearly changed, and Matt Mussolina,
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Moje telo sa očividne zmenilo, a Matt Mussolina,
00:56
who was undeniably my nemesis in high school,
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nepopierateľne môj nepriateľ na strednej,
01:00
said in a booming voice that
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povedal hromovým hlasom, že
01:01
we no longer had to go far away to go on ski trips,
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už ďalej nemusíme chodiť na lyžovačku ďaleko,
01:05
but we could all ski on Mount Novogratz.
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ale môžeme lyžovať na hore Novogratz.
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
01:08
And I was so humiliated and mortified
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A mňa to tak ponížilo a zahanbilo,
01:11
that I immediately ran home to my mother and chastised her
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že som okamžite bežala domov za mamou a vyhrešila ju,
01:15
for ever letting me wear the hideous sweater.
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že my dovolila nosiť ten otrasný sveter.
01:16
We drove to the Goodwill and we threw the sweater away
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Išli sme do Goodwillu a zahodili sme sveter
01:19
somewhat ceremoniously,
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celkom slávnostne
01:21
my idea being that I would never have to think about the sweater
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s tým, že už som naň nikdy nechcela myslieť,
01:24
nor see it ever again.
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či znova ho vidieť.
01:25
Fast forward -- 11 years later, I'm a 25-year-old kid.
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Rýchlo vpred -- 11 rokov neskôr, som 25 ročné... decko.
01:29
I'm working in Kigali, Rwanda, jogging through the steep slopes,
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Pracujem v Kigali v Rwande, behám po strmých svahoch,
01:36
when I see, 10 feet in front of me, a little boy -- 11 years old --
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keď zbadám, 3 metre predomnou, malého chlapca -- 11 ročného --
01:40
running toward me, wearing my sweater.
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ktorý beží oproti mne, a oblečený má môj sveter.
01:43
And I'm thinking, no, this is not possible.
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Hovorím si, nie, to nie je možné.
01:45
But so, curious, I run up to the child -- of course
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Ale aj tak, zvedavá sa rozbehnem k dieťaťu -- samozrejme
01:49
scaring the living bejesus out of him --
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ho tým na smrť vystraším --
01:51
grab him by the collar, turn it over, and there is my name
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chytím za golier, otočím, a tam je moje meno -
01:54
written on the collar of this sweater.
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napísané na golieri tohto svetra.
01:56
I tell that story, because it has served and continues to serve
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Hovorievam ten príbeh, pretože mi slúžil a stále slúži
02:01
as a metaphor to me about the level of connectedness
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ako metafora úrovne prepojenosti,
02:05
that we all have on this Earth.
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ktorú máme tu na Zemi.
02:07
We so often don't realize what our action and our inaction
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Často si ani neuvedomujeme, čo naša činnosť alebo nečinnosť
02:11
does to people we think we will never see and never know.
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spôsobí ľuďom, ktorých nikdy neuvidíme a nikdy nespoznáme.
02:15
I also tell it because it tells a larger contextual story
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Tiež to vravím kvôli tomu, že to hovorí v širšom kontexte o tom,
02:18
of what aid is and can be.
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čo je to pomoc, a čo môže byť.
02:20
That this traveled into the Goodwill in Virginia,
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Ten sveter prišiel do Goodwillu vo Virginií,
02:24
and moved its way into the larger industry,
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a dostal sa do väčšieho priemyslu,
02:27
which at that point was giving millions of tons of secondhand clothing to Africa and Asia.
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ktorý v tom momente dodával milióny ton noseného oblečenia do Afriky a Ázie.
02:31
Which was a very good thing, providing low cost clothing.
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Čo bola výborná vec, dovážali lacné oblečenie.
02:35
And at the same time, certainly in Rwanda,
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Ale zároveň, konkrétne v Rwande,
02:37
it destroyed the local retailing industry.
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to zničilo miestny textilný priemysel.
02:39
Not to say that it shouldn't have,
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Nehovorím, že by nemalo,
02:41
but that we have to get better at answering the questions
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ale že sa musíme zlepšiť pri odpovedaní na otázky,
02:44
that need to be considered when we think about consequences
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ktoré zvažujeme, keď myslíme na dôsledky
02:47
and responses.
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a reakcie.
02:49
So, I'm going to stick in Rwanda, circa 1985, 1986,
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Tak, zostanem v Rwande, asi 1985.. 1986,
02:54
where I was doing two things.
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kde som robila dve veci.
02:55
I had started a bakery with 20 unwed mothers.
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Otvorila som pekáreň s 20 slobodnými mamičkami.
02:58
We were called the "Bad News Bears," and our notion was
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Volali sme sa "Zlé správy pre medvede" a
03:00
we were going to corner the snack food business in Kigali,
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rozhodli sme sa pokryť trh s občerstvením v Kigali,
03:03
which was not hard because there were no snacks before us.
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čo nebolo ťažké, pretože pred nami tam žiadne občerstvenie nebolo.
03:07
And because we had a good business model, we actually did it,
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A keďže sme mali dobrý obchodný plán, dokázali sme to,
03:10
and I watched these women transform on a micro-level.
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a pozorovala som premenu týchto žien na mikro úrovni.
03:12
But at the same time, I started a micro-finance bank,
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No v rovnakom čase som začala s mikro-finančnou bankou
03:15
and tomorrow Iqbal Quadir is going to talk about Grameen,
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a zajtra bude Iqbal Quadir hovoriť o Grameen-e,
03:18
which is the grandfather of all micro-finance banks,
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starom otcovi všetkých mikro-finančných bánk,
03:21
which now is a worldwide movement -- you talk about a meme --
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z čoho sa medzičasom stal celosvetový element,
03:24
but then it was quite new, especially in an economy
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ale vtedy to bolo celkom nové, obzvlášť v ekonomike
03:27
that was moving from barter into trade.
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ktoré sa presúvala od výmeny k obchodu.
03:30
We got a lot of things right.
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Veľa vecí sa nám podarilo.
03:32
We focused on a business model; we insisted on skin in the game.
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Zamerali sme sa na obchodný plán; trvali sme na spolupodieľaní.
03:35
The women made their own decisions at the end of the day
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Koniec koncov, tieto ženy robili vlastné rozhodnutia,
03:38
as to how they would use this access to credit
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akým spôsobom použijú peniaze z tohto úveru
03:40
to build their little businesses, earn more income
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na podporu ich malých biznisov, pre väčší zárobok,
03:43
so they could take care of their families better.
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aby sa mohli lepšie postarať o svoje rodiny.
03:46
What we didn't understand, what was happening all around us,
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Čomu sme nerozumeli, čo sa dialo všade okolo nás:
03:50
with the confluence of fear, ethnic strife
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zmes strachu, etnických sporov, a hlavne
03:57
and certainly an aid game, if you will, that was playing into
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hry s pomocou, ak dovolíte, vytvorilo
04:02
this invisible but certainly palpable movement inside Rwanda,
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akési neviditeľné, ale hmatateľné hnutie vnútri Rwandy,
04:08
that at that time, 30 percent of the budget was all foreign aid.
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kde v tom čase 30% rozpočtu bola zahraničná pomoc.
04:11
The genocide happened in 1994,
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Genocída prebehla v roku 1994,
04:13
seven years after these women all worked together
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sedem rokov potom, čo tieto ženy spolupracovali
04:15
to build this dream.
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a budovali svoj sen.
04:17
And the good news was that the institution,
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Dobrá správa je, že tá inštitúcia,
04:19
the banking institution, lasted.
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tá banka, pretrvala.
04:21
In fact, it became the largest rehabilitation lender in the country.
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Stala sa najväčším poskytovateľom pôžičiek na rehabilitácie v krajine.
04:25
The bakery was completely wiped out,
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Pekáreň bola vyhladená,
04:27
but the lessons for me were that accountability counts --
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ale naučila som sa, že zodpovednosť sa počíta --
04:32
got to build things with people on the ground,
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pracovala som s ľudmi od piky,
04:34
using business models where, as Steven Levitt would say,
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s použitím obchodných modelov, kde, ako by povedal Steven Levitt,
04:37
the incentives matter.
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na stimuloch záleží.
04:39
Understand, however complex we may be, incentives matter.
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Pochopte, akokoľvek sme komplikovaní, na stimuloch záleží.
04:43
So when Chris raised to me how wonderful everything
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Takže, keď mi Chris osvetlil, ako úžasne všetko..
04:47
that was happening in the world,
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čo sa dialo vo svete,
04:49
that we were seeing a shift in zeitgeist,
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že sme boli svedkami zmeny doby,
04:51
on the one hand I absolutely agree with him,
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na jednej strane s ním úplne súhlasím,
04:53
and I was so thrilled to see what happened with the G8 --
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a nadšene som sledovala, čo sa stalo s G8 --
04:56
that the world, because of people like Tony Blair and Bono
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že svet vďaka ľuďom ako Tony Blair a Bono
05:00
and Bob Geldof -- the world is talking about global poverty;
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a Bob Geldof -- svet hovorí o chudobe;
05:04
the world is talking about Africa
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svet hovorí o Afrike
05:06
in ways I have never seen in my life.
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tak, ako nikdy predtým.
05:08
It's thrilling.
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Je to vzrušujúce.
05:09
And at the same time, what keeps me up at night
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A zároveň, čo mi nedá spávať,
05:12
is a fear that we'll look at the victories of the G8 --
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je strach, že sa budeme pozerať na úspechy G8 --
05:16
50 billion dollars in increased aid to Africa,
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o 50 miliárd dolárov zvýšenú pomoc Afrike,
05:19
40 billion in reduced debt -- as the victory,
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zníženie dlhov o 40 miliárd -- ako na víťazstvo,
05:22
as more than chapter one, as our moral absolution.
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viac ako prvú kapitolu, ako na našu morálnu spásu.
05:26
And in fact, what we need to do is see that as chapter one,
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Ale v skutočnosti sa na to potrebujeme pozerať ako na prvú kapitolu,
05:30
celebrate it, close it, and recognize that we need a chapter two
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osláviť ju, uzavrieť, a uvedomiť si, že potrebujeme druhú kapitolu,
05:34
that is all about execution, all about the how-to.
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ktorá je o prevedení, o tom "ako."
05:37
And if you remember one thing from what I want to talk about today,
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A keď si zapamätáte jednu vec z toho, čo tu dnes poviem,
05:40
it's that the only way to end poverty, to make it history,
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jediný spôsob ako sa zbaviť chudoby raz a navždy
05:44
is to build viable systems on the ground
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je vybudovať samostatné systémy
05:47
that deliver critical and affordable goods and services to the poor,
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na dopravu nevyhnutných a cenovo dostupných tovarov a služieb chudobným
05:51
in ways that are financially sustainable and scaleable.
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spôsobom, ktorý je financovateľný a merateľný.
05:54
If we do that, we really can make poverty history.
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Ak to spravíme, skutočne sa môžeme chudoby zbaviť.
05:57
And it was that -- that whole philosophy --
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A toto bolo -- celá tá filozofia --
06:00
that encouraged me to start my current endeavor
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tým, čo ma motivovalo začať môj súčasný projekt
06:04
called "Acumen Fund,"
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nazývaný "Acumen Fund,"
06:06
which is trying to build some mini-blueprints
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ktorý sa snaží vytvoriť nejaké miniplány,
06:08
for how we might do that in water, health and housing
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ako to vymyslieť s vodou, so zdravím a bývaním
06:11
in Pakistan, India, Kenya, Tanzania and Egypt.
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v Pakistane, Indii, Keni, Tanzánii a Egypte.
06:14
And I want to talk a little bit about that, and some of the examples,
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A chcem hovoriť chvíľu o tom, a o nejakých príkladoch,
06:19
so you can see what it is that we're doing.
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aby ste videli, čo to vlastne robíme.
06:21
But before I do this -- and this is another one of my pet peeves --
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Ale ešte predtým -- a to je ďalší môj výstrelok --
06:24
I want to talk a little bit about who the poor are.
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chcem hovoriť o tom, kto sú tí chudobní.
06:26
Because we too often talk about them as these
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Pretože často o nich rozprávame ako o tých
06:30
strong, huge masses of people yearning to be free,
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veľkých, obrovských skupinách ľudí, ktoré túžia po slobode,
06:33
when in fact, it's quite an amazing story.
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keď v skutočnosti je to celkom úžasný príbeh.
06:38
On a macro level, four billion people on Earth make less than four dollars a day.
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Vo veľkom, 4 miliardy ľudí na Zemi zarobia menej ako 4 doláre denne.
06:43
That's who we talk about when we think about "the poor."
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To sú tí, ktorých nazývame chudobnými.
06:45
If you aggregate it, it's the third largest economy on Earth,
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Keď sa to tak vezme, je to tretia najväčšia ekonomika na Zemi,
06:48
and yet most of these people go invisible.
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a napriek tomu je väčšina týchto ľudí neviditeľná.
06:51
Where we typically work, there's people making between
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Bežne pracujeme v oblastiach, kde ľudia zarobia
06:53
one and three dollars a day.
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medzi 1 a 3 dolármi denne.
06:55
Who are these people?
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Kto sú títo ľudia?
06:57
They are farmers and factory workers.
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Sú to farmári a robotníci v továrni.
07:00
They work in government offices. They're drivers.
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Pracujú na úradoch. Sú vodiči.
07:02
They are domestics.
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Pracujú v domácnosti.
07:05
They typically pay for critical goods and services like water,
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Bežne platia za nevyhnutné tovary a služby ako voda,
07:08
like healthcare, like housing, and they pay 30 to 40 times
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zdravotníctvo, ubytovanie, a platia 30 až 40 násobok
07:12
what their middleclass counterparts pay --
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toho, čo platia ich spoluobčania zo strednej vrstvy --
07:14
certainly where we work in Karachi and Nairobi.
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tam, kde pracujeme my, v Karáčí a Nairobi.
07:18
The poor also are willing to make, and do make, smart decisions,
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Chudobní sú tiež ochotní robiť, a aj robia, rozumné rozhodnutia,
07:22
if you give them that opportunity.
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ak im dáte šancu.
07:24
So, two examples.
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Takže, dva príklady.
07:26
One is in India, where there are 240 million farmers,
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Jeden v Indii, kde je 240 miliónov farmárov,
07:29
most of whom make less than two dollars a day.
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z ktorých väčšina zarobí menej ako 2 doláre za deň.
07:31
Where we work in Aurangabad, the land is extraordinarily parched.
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V Aurangabade, kde pracujeme, je krajina extrémne vysušená.
07:35
You see people on average making 60 cents to a dollar.
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Vidíte ľudí zarábať v priemere od 60 centov po dolár.
07:38
This guy in pink is a social entrepreneur named Ami Tabar.
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Tento chlapík v ružovom je sociálno-prospešný podnikateľ Ami Tabar.
07:42
What he did was see what was happening in Israel, larger approaches,
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Videl, čo sa deje v Izraeli vo veľkom,
07:45
and figure out how to do a drip irrigation,
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akési kvapkové zavlažovanie,
07:48
which is a way of bringing water directly to the plant stock.
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spôsob, ktorým sa voda dostane priamo k rastline.
07:53
But previously it's only been created for large-scale farms,
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Ale dovtedy sa vyrábali vždy iba pre rozsiahle farmy,
07:56
so Ami Tabar took this and modularized it down to an eighth of an acre.
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takže Ami Tabar to prispôsobil a zmenšil na veľkosť 5 árov.
08:01
A couple of principles:
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Pár pravidiel:
08:03
build small.
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stavať v malom.
08:05
Make it infinitely expandable and affordable to the poor.
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Umožniť nekonečnú reprodukciu a dostupnosť chudobným.
08:07
This family, Sarita and her husband, bought a 15-dollar unit
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Táto rodina, Sarita a jej manžel, si kúpili jednotku za 15 dolárov
08:12
when they were living in a -- literally a three-walled lean-to
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keď žili v -- doslova troj-stennom prístrešku
08:15
with a corrugated iron roof.
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s vlnitou železnou strechou.
08:18
After one harvest, they had increased their income enough
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Po prvom zbere sa im zvýšil príjem dosť na to,
08:22
to buy a second system to do their full quarter-acre.
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aby si kúpili druhú jednotku a pokryli tak celých 10 árov.
08:25
A couple of years later, I meet them.
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O pár rokov neskôr som ich stretla.
08:27
They now make four dollars a day, which is pretty much middle class for India,
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Dnes zarábajú 4 doláre denne, čo je do značnej miery stredná vrstva v Indii,
08:30
and they showed me the concrete foundation they had just laid
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a ukázali mi betónové základy, ktoré práve položili,
08:35
to build their house.
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aby si postavili dom.
08:36
And I swear, you could see the future in that woman's eyes.
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A prisahám, v očiach tej ženy ste mohli vidieť budúcnosť.
08:39
Something I truly believe.
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Niečo, čomu skutočne verím.
08:41
You can't talk about poverty today without talking about malaria bed nets,
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Keď rozprávame o chudobe, treba spomenúť sieťky na posteľ proti malárii
08:44
and I again give Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard
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a znova volám Jeffreymu Sachsovi z Harvardu
08:47
huge kudos for bringing to the world
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na slávu, čo priniesol svetu
08:50
this notion of his rage -- for five dollars you can save a life.
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dôsledok jeho hnevu -- za 5 dolárov môžete zachrániť život.
08:54
Malaria is a disease that kills one to three million people a year.
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Malária je choroba, ktorá zabije 1 až 3 milióny ľudí ročne.
08:58
300 to 500 million cases are reported.
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300 až 500 miliónov prípadov je hlásených.
09:00
It's estimated that Africa loses
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Odhaduje sa, že Afrika prichádza o
09:02
about 13 billion dollars a year to the disease.
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približne 13 miliárd dolárov ročne, kvôli tejto chorobe.
09:04
Five dollars can save a life.
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Päť dolárov dokáže zachrániť život.
09:06
We can send people to the moon; we can see if there's life on Mars --
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Vieme poslať ľudí na Mesiac; zistiť či je život na Marse --
09:09
why can't we get five-dollar nets to 500 million people?
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prečo by sme nemohli zaobstarať 5-dolárové sieťky pre 500 miliónov ľudí?
09:13
The question, though, is not "Why can't we?"
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Ale otázka nie je "Prečo nemôžeme?"
09:16
The question is how can we help Africans do this for themselves?
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Otázka je, ako môžeme pomôcť Afričanom, aby si ich zaobstarali sami?
09:21
A lot of hurdles.
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Množstvo prekážok.
09:22
One: production is too low. Two: price is too high.
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Jeden: výroba je príliš nízka. Dva: cena je príliš vysoká.
09:25
Three: this is a good road in -- right near where our factory is located.
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Tri: toto je dobrá cesta v -- blízko našej továrne.
09:30
Distribution is a nightmare, but not impossible.
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Doprava je tu nočnou morou, ale nie nemožná.
09:33
We started by making a 350,000-dollar loan
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Začali sme 350 000 dolárovou pôžičkou
09:37
to the largest traditional bed net manufacturer in Africa
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najväčšiemu výrobcovi sietí na postele v Afrike,
09:39
so that they could transfer technology from Japan
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aby mohli prevziať technológiu z Japonska
09:44
and build these long-lasting, five-year nets.
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a vyrábať tie dlhotrvajúce, 5 ročné sieťky.
09:46
Here are just some pictures of the factory.
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Tu sú nejaké fotky z továrne.
09:48
Today, three years later, the company has employed
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Dnes, po troch rokov, spoločnosť zamestnala
09:51
another thousand women.
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ďalších tisíc žien.
09:54
It contributes about 600,000 dollars in wages to the economy of Tanzania.
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To prispeje k cca. 600 000 dolárov v mzdách Tanzánskej ekonomike.
09:59
It's the largest company in Tanzania.
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Je to najväčšia spoločnosť v Tanzánii.
10:01
The throughput rate right now is 1.5 million nets,
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Produkcia je práve teraz 1,5 milióna sietí,
10:04
three million by the end of the year.
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3 milióny koncom roka.
10:06
We hope to have seven million at the end of next year.
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Chceli by sme dosiahnuť 7 miliónov do konca budúceho roka.
10:09
So the production side is working.
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Takže, na strane výroby to funguje.
10:11
On the distribution side, though,
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Na strane distribúcie...
10:12
as a world, we have a lot of work to do.
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ako svet, máme pred sebou veľa práce.
10:14
Right now, 95 percent of these nets are being bought by the U.N.,
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V súčasnosti 95% týchto sietí kupuje OSN,
10:18
and then given primarily to people around Africa.
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a potom rozdáva hlavne ľuďom v Afrike.
10:22
We're looking at building
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Chceli by sme budovať
10:24
on some of the most precious resources of Africa: people.
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na jednom z najvzácnejších zdrojov Afriky: na ľuďoch.
10:27
Their women.
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Na ich ženách.
10:29
And so I want you to meet Jacqueline,
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Chcem vám predstaviť Jacqueline,
10:31
my namesake, 21 years old.
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moju 21-ročnú menovkyňu.
10:33
If she were born anywhere else but Tanzania,
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Ak by sa narodila niekde inde ako v Tanzánii,
10:35
I'm telling you, she could run Wall Street.
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hovorím vám, mohla by robiť na Wall Street.
10:37
She runs two of the lines, and has already saved enough money
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Obsluhuje dve pracovné linky a už si našetrila dosť peňazí,
10:41
to put a down payment on her house.
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aby splatila zálohu za svoj dom.
10:43
She makes about two dollars a day, is creating an education fund,
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Zarába približne 2 doláre na deň, zakladá vzdelávací fond,
10:47
and told me she is not marrying nor having children
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a povedala mi, že sa nebude vydávať ani mať deti,
10:50
until these things are completed.
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pokiaľ tieto veci nedokončí.
10:53
And so, when I told her about our idea --
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A tak, keď som jej povedala o našom nápade ..
10:55
that maybe we could take a Tupperware model from the United States,
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že možno by sme si mohli vziať príklad z Tupperware v USA,
10:58
and find a way for the women themselves to go out
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a nájsť spôsob, ako by tieto ženy vyšli von
11:01
and sell these nets to others --
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a predávali tieto siete ostatným --
11:03
she quickly started calculating what she herself could make
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okamžite začala rozmýšľať, čo by mohla spraviť ona sama
11:06
and signed up.
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a zaregistrovala sa.
11:08
We took a lesson from IDEO, one of our favorite companies,
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Vzali sme si príklad od IDEO, jednej z našich obľúbených spoločností,
11:13
and quickly did a prototyping on this,
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a rýchlo sme vytvorili prototyp,
11:15
and took Jacqueline into the area where she lives.
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a vzali Jacqueline do oblasti, v ktorej žije.
11:18
She brought 10 of the women with whom she interacts
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Dala dokopy 10 žien, s ktorými prichádza do styku,
11:22
together to see if she could sell these nets, five dollars apiece,
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aby zistila, či dokáže predať tieto sieťky, po piatich dolároch,
11:24
despite the fact that people say nobody will buy one,
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napriek tomu, že ľudia tvrdia, že ich nikto nekúpi,
11:27
and we learned a lot about how you sell things.
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a naučili sme sa veľa o tom, ako predávať.
11:30
Not coming in with our own notions,
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Išla na to po svojom,
11:32
because she didn't even talk about malaria until the very end.
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pretože maláriu spomenula až úplne na konci.
11:34
First, she talked about comfort, status, beauty.
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Najprv rozprávala o pohodlí, postavení, kráse.
11:37
These nets, she said, you put them on the floor, bugs leave your house.
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Tieto sieťky, vravela, ak ich dáte na zem, hmyz opustí váš dom.
11:40
Children can sleep through the night;
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Deti môžu v noci spať;
11:42
the house looks beautiful; you hang them in the window.
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dom vyzerá lepšie; zavesíte ich do okna.
11:44
And we've started making curtains,
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A začali sme vyrábať záclony,
11:46
and not only is it beautiful, but people can see status --
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nielen že to je nádherné, ale ľudia môžu vidieť váš postoj --
11:50
that you care about your children.
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že vám záleží na vašich deťoch.
11:51
Only then did she talk about saving your children's lives.
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Až potom spomenula, že im to môže zachrániť život.
11:56
A lot of lessons to be learned in terms of how we sell
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Veľa sa musíme naučiť o tom, ako predávať
11:59
goods and services to the poor.
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tovar a služby chudobným.
12:03
I want to end just by saying that there's enormous opportunity
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Chcela by som skončiť tým, že je tu obrovská príležitosť
12:08
to make poverty history.
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zbaviť sa chudoby.
12:10
To do it right, we have to build business models that matter,
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Aby sme to dokázali, je treba urobiť obchodné plány, na ktorých záleží,
12:13
that are scaleable and that work with Africans, Indians,
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sú merateľné a použiteľné pre Afričanov, Indov,
12:17
people all over the developing world
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všetkých ľudí rozvojového sveta,
12:19
who fit in this category, to do it themselves.
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ktorí spadajú do tejto kategórie, aby ich sami používali.
12:22
Because at the end of the day, it's about engagement.
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Pretože, na konci dňa, je to o kompromise.
12:25
It's about understanding that people really don't want handouts,
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Je treba pochopiť, že ľudia v skutočnosti nechcú dostávať almužnu,
12:28
that they want to make their own decisions;
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chcú robiť svoje vlastné rozhodnutia,
12:30
they want to solve their own problems;
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riešiť svoje vlastné problémy,
12:32
and that by engaging with them,
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a týmito kompromismi
12:34
not only do we create much more dignity for them,
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vzbudíme omnoho viac dôstojnosti nie len v nich,
12:37
but for us as well.
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ale aj v sebe.
12:39
And so I urge all of you to think next time
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A tak vás všetkých vyzývam, aby ste sa nabudúce zamysleli,
12:42
as to how to engage with this notion and this opportunity
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ako využiť tieto myšlienky a túto príležitosť,
12:46
that we all have -- to make poverty history --
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ktorú všetci máme -- zbaviť sa chudoby --
12:49
by really becoming part of the process
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a stali sa súčasťou tohto procesu,
12:51
and moving away from an us-and-them world,
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presunuli sa od my-a-oni sveta,
12:53
and realizing that it's about all of us,
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a uvedomili si, že všetko je to o nás,
12:55
and the kind of world that we, together, want to live in and share.
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a o svete, v ktorom my všetci, spolu, chceme žiť a zdieľať ho.
12:58
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
12:59
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadershipJacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.
Why you should listen
Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.
"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.
Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.
The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.
And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com