TED2004
James Howard Kunstler: The ghastly tragedy of the suburbs
Džejms Hauard Kunstler secira predgrađe
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Po mišljenju Džejmsa Hauarda Kunstlera, javni prostori bi trebalo da budu nadahnuti centri gradskog života i fizička manifestacija zajedničkog dobra. Umesto toga, tvrdi on, u Americi imamo naciju mesta koja nisu vredna pažnje.
James Howard Kunstler - Social critic
James Howard Kunstler may be the world’s most outspoken critic of suburban sprawl. He believes the end of the fossil fuels era will soon force a return to smaller-scale, agrarian communities -- and an overhaul of the most destructive features of postwar society. Full bio
James Howard Kunstler may be the world’s most outspoken critic of suburban sprawl. He believes the end of the fossil fuels era will soon force a return to smaller-scale, agrarian communities -- and an overhaul of the most destructive features of postwar society. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:26
The immersive ugliness
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Preplavljujuća ružnoća
00:29
of our everyday environments in America
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naših svakodnevnih okruženja u Americi
00:34
is entropy made visible.
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je entropija na delu.
00:38
We can't overestimate the amount of despair
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Ne možemo preceniti količinu očaja
00:42
that we are generating with places like this.
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koju proizvodimo ovakvim mestima.
00:47
And mostly, I want to persuade you that we have to do better
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I najvažnije, želim da vas ubedim da moramo da se potrudimo
00:51
if we're going to continue the project of civilization in America.
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ako želimo da nastavimo projekat civilizovanja u Americi.
00:57
By the way, this doesn't help.
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Usput, ovo ne pomaže.
01:00
Nobody's having a better day down here because of that.
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Nikom dan nije bolji zbog ovoga.
01:07
There are a lot of ways you can describe this.
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Ima mnogo načina na koje ovo možete opisati,
01:09
You know, I like to call it "the national automobile slum."
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ja volim to da zovem "nacionalni auto slam".
01:12
You can call it suburban sprawl.
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Možete reći i prigradsko razlivanje.
01:15
I think it's appropriate to call it
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Ja mislim da je prikladno da se zove
01:17
the greatest misallocation of resources in the history of the world.
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najveće pogrešno raspoređivanje resursa u istoriji sveta.
01:22
You can call it a technosis externality clusterfuck.
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Možete ga zvati tehnološko eksternalno nagomilano sranje.
01:27
And it's a tremendous problem for us.
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To je ogroman problem za nas.
01:33
The outstanding -- the salient problem about this for us
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Značajan - problem koji se ističe u vezi s ovim
01:37
is that these are places that are not worth caring about.
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jeste taj da su ovo mesta do kojih nam nije stalo.
01:40
We're going to talk about that some more.
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O tome ćemo malo više da pričamo.
01:43
A sense of place:
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Osećaj za mesto.
01:45
your ability to create places that are meaningful and places of quality and character
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Vaša sposobnost da stvarate mesta koja su značajna i koja poseduju kvalitet i karakter,
01:52
depends entirely on your ability to define space with buildings,
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zavisi u potpunosti od vaše sposobnosti da definišete prostor građevinama,
01:57
and to employ the vocabularies, grammars,
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i da upotrebite rečnike, gramatike,
02:01
syntaxes, rhythms and patterns of architecture
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sintakse, ritmove i obrasce arhitekture
02:05
in order to inform us who we are.
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kako biste nas informisali o tome ko smo.
02:08
The public realm in America has two roles:
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Javni domen u Americi ima dve uloge:
02:14
it is the dwelling place of our civilization and our civic life,
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to je mesto boravka naše civilizacije i našeg građanskog života,
02:19
and it is the physical manifestation of the common good.
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kao i fizička manifestacija javnog dobra.
02:24
And when you degrade the public realm,
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I kada degradirate javni domen,
02:27
you will automatically degrade the quality of your civic life
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automatski ćete degradirati kvalitet svog građanskog života,
02:30
and the character of all the enactments of your public life and communal life that take place there.
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i karakter svih odredbi javnog i zajedničkog života koji se tu odvija.
02:39
The public realm comes mostly in the form of the street in America
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Javni domen se uglavnom u Americi javlja u obliku ulica,
02:44
because we don't have the 1,000-year-old cathedral plazas
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jer mi nemamo trgove ispred katedrala starih 1000 godina
02:48
and market squares of older cultures.
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i pijačne trgove, kao stare kulture.
02:52
And your ability to define space and to create places that are worth caring about
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I sposobnost da definišemo prostor i kreiramo mesta do kojih nam je stalo
03:00
all comes from a body of culture that we call the culture of civic design.
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dolazi iz kulture koju mi zovemo kultura građanskog uređenja.
03:05
This is a body of knowledge, method, skill and principle
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To je telo znanja, metodologije, veštine i principa
03:10
that we threw in the garbage after World War II
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koje smo bacili u smeće posle Drugog svetskog rata
03:15
and decided we don't need that anymore; we're not going to use it.
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i odlučili da nam više nije potrebno; nećemo ga više koristiti.
03:18
And consequently, we can see the result all around us.
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I posledično, rezultat toga vidimo svuda oko nas.
03:23
The public realm has to inform us not only where we are geographically,
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Javni domen mora da nas obavesti ne samo o tome gde se nalazimo geografski,
03:28
but it has to inform us where we are in our culture.
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nego mora da nas obavesti gde se nalazimo u našoj kulturi.
03:32
Where we've come from, what kind of people we are, and it needs to,
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Odakle dolazimo, kakvi smo ljudi i mora da -
03:37
by doing that, it needs to afford us a glimpse to where we're going
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radeći to, mora da nam pokaže kuda idemo,
03:43
in order to allow us to dwell in a hopeful present.
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kako bi nam dozvolio da boravimo u sadašnjici punoj nade.
03:48
And if there is one tremendous --
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I ako postoji jedna ogromna -
03:50
if there is one great catastrophe about the places that we've built,
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ako postoji jedna velika katastrofa u vezi s mestima koja smo izgradili,
03:53
the human environments we've made for ourselves in the last 50 years,
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u vezi s ljudskim okruženjima koja smo sebi napravili u poslednjih 50 godina,
03:57
it is that it has deprived us of the ability to live in a hopeful present.
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to je da su nas uskratila za sposobnost da živimo u sadašnjici punoj nade.
04:06
The environments we are living in, more typically, are like these.
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Okruženja u kojima živimo, tipičnije su ovakva.
04:10
You know, this happens to be the asteroid belt of architectural garbage two miles north of my town.
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Znate, ovo je prsten asteroida od arhitektonskog smeća 3km severno od mog grada.
04:16
And remember, to create a place of character and quality,
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Upamtite, da biste kreirali mesto s karakterom i kvalitetom,
04:20
you have to be able to define space.
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morate znati da definišete prostor.
04:22
So how is that being accomplished here?
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Kako se to ovde postiže?
04:24
If you stand on the apron of the Wal-Mart over here
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Ako stojite na ulazu u Wal-Mart ovde
04:27
and try to look at the Target store over here,
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i pokušate da pogledate Target prodavnicu ovde,
04:29
you can't see it because of the curvature of the Earth. (Laughter)
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ne možete da je vidite zbog zakrivljenosti Zemlje. (smeh)
04:35
That's nature's way of telling you that you're doing a poor job of defining space.
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Na taj način vam priroda govori da nemate pojma da definišete prostor.
04:41
Consequently, these will be places that nobody wants to be in.
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Posledično, ovo će biti mesta na kojima niko ne želi da bude.
04:44
These will be places that are not worth caring about.
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To će biti mesta do kojih nam nije stalo.
04:48
We have about, you know, 38,000 places
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Danas imamo, znate, oko 38 000 mesta
04:51
that are not worth caring about in the United States today.
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u Sjedinjenim Državama, do kojih nam nije stalo.
04:53
When we have enough of them, we're going to have a nation that's not worth defending.
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Kada ih budemo imali dovoljno, imaćemo naciju koju ne vredi braniti.
04:59
And I want you to think about that when you think about
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Želim da se setite toga kada pomislite na
05:03
those young men and women who are over in places like Iraq,
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one mlade muškarce i žene koji se nalaze u mestima kao što je Irak
05:05
spilling their blood in the sand,
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i prolivaju svoju krv u pesak.
05:07
and ask yourself, "What is their last thought of home?"
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Zapitajte se kakvo je njihovo poslednje sećanje na dom?
05:12
I hope it's not the curb cut between the Chuck E. Cheese and the Target store
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Nadam se da nije ivičnjak između Chuck E. Cheese i Target prodavnice!
05:16
because that's not good enough for Americans to be spilling their blood for. (Applause)
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Jer to nije dovoljan razlog da Amerikanci prolivaju svoju krv. (aplauz)
05:22
We need better places in this country.
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Potrebna su nam bolja mesta u ovoj zemlji.
05:25
Public space. This is a good public space.
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Javni prostor. Ovo je dobar javni prostor.
05:27
It's a place worth caring about. It's well defined.
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To je mesto vredno pažnje. Dobro je definisano.
05:30
It is emphatically an outdoor public room.
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To je nedvosmisleno otvorena javna prostorija.
05:33
It has something that is terribly important --
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Ima nešto što je užasno važno -
05:36
it has what's called an active and permeable membrane around the edge.
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ima nešto što se zove aktivna i propustljiva membrana oko ivice.
05:39
That's a fancy way of saying it's got shops, bars, bistros, destinations --
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To je fensi način da se kaže da ima prodavnice, barove, restorančiće, lokale -
05:44
things go in and out of it. It's permeable.
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stvari ulaze i izlaze iz nje. Propustljiva je.
05:47
The beer goes in and out, the waitresses go in and out,
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Pivo ulazi i izlazi, konobarice ulaze i izlaze,
05:50
and that activates the center of this place and makes it a place that people want to hang out in.
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i to aktivira centar ovog mesta i čini da to bude mesto gde ljudi žele da borave.
05:55
You know, in these places in other cultures,
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Znate, na ova mesta u drugim kulturama
05:59
people just go there voluntarily because they like them.
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ljudi jednostavno idu dobrovoljno jer im se dopadaju.
06:03
We don't have to have a craft fair here to get people to come here. (Laughter)
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Nije nam potreban sajam zanata da bismo naterali ljude da dođu. (smeh)
06:06
You know, you don't have to have a Kwanzaa festival.
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Znate, nije vam potreban Kwanzaa festival.
06:09
People just go because it's pleasurable to be there.
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Ljudi idu jer je zadovoljstvo ići tamo.
06:13
But this is how we do it in the United States.
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Ali mi u Sjedinjenim Državama to ovako radimo.
06:17
Probably the most significant public space failure in America,
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Verovatno najznačajniji promašaj u javnom prostoru u Americi,
06:20
designed by the leading architects of the day, Harry Cobb and I.M. Pei:
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koji su projektovali tada vodeći arhitekti, Heri Kob i I.M. Pei:
06:25
Boston City Hall Plaza.
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trg bostonske gradske kuće.
06:27
A public place so dismal that the winos don't even want to go there. (Laughter)
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Javno mesto koje je toliko tmurno da ni alkosi ne žele da idu tamo. (smeh)
06:33
And we can't fix it because I.M. Pei's still alive,
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I ne možemo da ga popravimo, jer je I.M. Pei još uvek živ,
06:36
and every year Harvard and M.I.T. have a joint committee to repair it.
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i svake godine Harvard i M.I.T. prave zajednički komitet za popravku.
06:39
And every year they fail to because they don't want to hurt I.M. Pei's feelings.
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I svake godine im ne uspe, jer ne žele da povrede osećanja I.M.Peija.
06:43
This is the other side of the building.
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Ovo je druga strana zgrade.
06:45
This was the winner of an international design award in, I think, 1966, something like that.
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Ovo je dobilo internacionalnu nagradu za dizajn, mislim 1966. ili tako negde.
06:50
It wasn't Pei and Cobb, another firm designed this,
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Druga firma je projektovala ovo, ne Pei i Kob.
06:53
but there's not enough Prozac in the world to make people feel OK about going down this block.
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Ali u svetu ne postoji dovoljno Prozaka da učini da ljudima bude ok da prođu ovim blokom.
07:04
This is the back of Boston City Hall,
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Ovo je zadnji deo bostonske gradske kuće,
07:06
the most important, you know, significant civic building in Albany -- excuse me -- in Boston.
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najvažnije značajne javne zgrade u Albaniju - pardon - u Bostonu.
07:14
And what is the message that is coming,
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A kakva je poruka koja dolazi -
07:16
what are the vocabularies and grammars that are coming, from this building
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kakve su reči i gramatike koje dolaze od ove zgrade
07:19
and how is it informing us about who we are?
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i kako nas informiše o tome ko smo?
07:22
This, in fact, would be a better building if we put mosaic portraits
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Ovo bi ustvari bila bolja zgrada da stavimo mozaike portreta
07:26
of Josef Stalin, Pol Pot, Saddam Hussein,
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Jozefa Staljina, Pola Pota, Sadama Huseina,
07:31
and all the other great despots of the 20th century on the side of the building,
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i svih drugih velikih despota 20. veka, na drugu stranu,
07:34
because then we'd honestly be saying what the building is really communicating to us.
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jer onda bismo iskreno rekli šta nam zgrada zaista poručuje.
07:39
You know, that it's a despotic building;
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Znate, da je to despotska zgrada;
07:41
it wants us to feel like termites. (Laughter)
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želi da se osećamo kao termiti. (smeh)
07:49
This is it on a smaller scale:
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Ovo je isto to, malo manje.
07:51
the back of the civic center in my town, Saratoga Springs, New York.
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Zadnji deo gradskog centra u mom gradu, Saratoga Springs, Njujork.
07:55
By the way, when I showed this slide to a group of Kiwanians in my town,
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Usput, kada sam pokazao ovaj slajd grupi Kivanijanaca u mom gradu,
08:00
they all rose in indignation from their creamed chicken, (Laughter)
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svi su u besu ustali od svoje filovane piletine. (smeh)
08:05
and they shouted at me and said,
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Vikali su na mene i rekli,
08:08
"It was raining that day when you took that picture!"
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"Padala je kiša kad si to fotografisao!"
08:12
Because this was perceived to be a weather problem. (Laughter)
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Jer se smatralo da se ovde radi o problemu s vremenom. (smeh)
08:24
You know, this is a building designed like a DVD player. (Laughter)
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Znate, ova je zgrada dizajnirana kao DVD plejer. (smeh)
08:29
Audio jack, power supply --
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Ulaz za audio, struja -
08:34
and look, you know these things are important architectural jobs for firms, right?
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vidite, znate da su ove stvari bitni arhitektonski poslovi za biroe, je l' tako?
08:39
You know, we hire firms to design these things.
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Znate, mi angažujemo biroe da projektuju ove stvari.
08:41
You can see exactly what went on, three o'clock in the morning at the design meeting.
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Možete tačno videti šta se dešavalo u 3 ujutru na sastanku projektnog tima.
08:45
You know, eight hours before deadline,
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Znate, 8 sati pre roka,
08:47
four architects trying to get this building in on time, right?
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četvoro arhitekata pokušava da završi ovu zgradu na vreme.
08:51
And they're sitting there at the long boardroom table
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I sede za dugim stolom u sali za sastanke
08:54
with all the drawings, and the renderings,
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sa svim crtežima i renderima
08:56
and all the Chinese food caskets are lying on the table, and --
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i svim kutijama od kineske hrane koje leže po stolu i -
09:00
I mean, what was the conversation that was going on there? (Laughter)
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mislim, o čemu se ono vodio razgovor? (smeh)
09:04
Because you know what the last word was, what the last sentence was of that meeting.
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Jer znate koja je bila poslednja reč, poslednja rečenica na tom sastanku.
09:09
It was: "Fuck it." (Laughter) (Applause)
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Bila je: "Zajebi ovo". (smeh) (aplauz)
09:16
That -- that is the message of this form of architecture.
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To je poruka ove vrste arhitekture.
09:22
The message is: We don't give a fuck! We don't give a fuck.
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Poruka je: Jebe nam se! Jebe nam se.
09:28
So I went back on the nicest day of the year, just to --
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Tako sam se vratio najlepšeg dana u godini da bih -
09:31
you know -- do some reality testing,
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znate, samo da proverim realnost.
09:33
and in fact, he will not even go down there because (Laughter)
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Ustvari, čak ni on neće da ide tamo jer
09:37
it's not interesting enough for his clients,
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nije dovoljno interesantno za njegove klijente,
09:39
you know, the burglars, the muggers.
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znate, provalnike, pljačkaše.
09:42
It's not civically rich enough for them to go down there.
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Nije društveno dovoljno bogato da bi oni išli tamo.
09:47
OK.
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OK.
09:49
The pattern of Main Street USA --
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Šema Glavne ulice u SAD -
09:52
in fact, this pattern of building downtown blocks, all over the world, is fairly universal.
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ustvari, ova šema građenja blokova u centrima je svuda u svetu prilično univerzalna.
09:57
It's not that complicated:
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Nije tako komplikovano -
09:59
buildings more than one story high, built out to the sidewalk edge,
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zgrade više od jednog sprata, izgrađene do ivice trotoara
10:05
so that people who are, you know, all kinds of people can get into the building.
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tako da ljudi - znate, svakakvi ljudi mogu da uđu u zgradu.
10:08
Other activities are allowed to occur upstairs,
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Druge aktivnosti mogu da se odvijaju gore,
10:12
you know, apartments, offices, and so on.
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znate stanovi, kancelarije i slično.
10:15
You make provision for this activity called shopping on the ground floor.
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Aktivnost koja se naziva kupovina odvija se na prizemlju.
10:19
They haven't learned that in Monterey.
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To nisu naučili u Montereju.
10:21
If you go out to the corner right at the main intersection right in front of this conference center,
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Ako odete do ćoška tačno na glavnoj raskrsnici pravo ispred ovog konferencijskog centra,
10:25
you'll see an intersection with four blank walls on every corner.
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videćete raskrsnicu sa četiri prazna zida na svakom ćošku.
10:28
It's really incredible.
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To je stvarno neverovatno.
10:30
Anyway, this is how you compose and assemble a downtown business building,
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Kako god, ovako osmišljavate i sastavljate poslovnu zgradu u centru,
10:34
and this is what happened when in Glens Falls, New York,
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a ovo se desilo u Glens Folsu u Njujorku,
10:37
when we tried to do it again, where it was missing, right?
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kada smo pokušali da to ponovimo, gde je nedostajalo.
10:39
So the first thing they do is they pop up the retail a half a story above grade to make it sporty.
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Prva stvar koju urade je da podignu prodavnicu za pola sprata kako bi izgledalo sportski.
10:45
OK. That completely destroys the relationship between the business and the sidewalk,
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OK. To potpuno uništava vezu između posla i trotoara,
10:51
where the theoretical pedestrians are. (Laughter)
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gde se nalaze teoretski pešaci. (smeh)
10:54
Of course, they'll never be there, as long as this is in that condition.
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Naravno, njih tamo nikad neće biti, sve dok se ovo nalazi u takvom stanju.
10:58
Then because the relationship between the retail is destroyed,
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Zatim, pošto je veza između trgovine uništena,
11:02
we pop a handicapped ramp on that,
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ubacimo rampu za hendikepirane
11:05
and then to make ourselves feel better, we put a nature Band-Aid in front of it.
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i onda, da bismo se osećali bolje, ubacimo prirodni flaster ispred.
11:09
And that's how we do it.
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Tako mi to radimo.
11:11
I call them "nature Band-Aids" because there's a general idea in America
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Zovem ih "prirodni flasteri" jer rašireno je mišljenje u Americi
11:15
that the remedy for mutilated urbanism is nature.
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da je priroda lek za osakaćeni urbanizam.
11:20
And in fact, the remedy for wounded and mutilated urbanism is good urbanism, good buildings.
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Ustvari, lek za osakaćeni i ranjeni urbanizam je dobar urbanizam, dobre zgrade.
11:27
Not just flower beds, not just cartoons of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
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Ne samo leje sa cvećem, ne samo slike Siera Nevada planina.
11:33
You know, that's not good enough.
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Znate, to nije dovoljno dobro.
11:34
We have to do good buildings.
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Moramo da pravimo dobre zgrade.
11:36
The street trees have really four jobs to do and that's it:
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Drveće na ulicama ima samo četiri uloge i to je to.
11:39
To spatially denote the pedestrian realm,
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Da prostorno ograniče trotoarski prostor,
11:42
to protect the pedestrians from the vehicles in the carriageway,
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da zaštite prolaznike od vozila na kolovozu,
11:47
to filter the sunlight onto the sidewalk,
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da propuštaju sunčevu svetlost na trotoar
11:50
and to soften the hardscape of the buildings
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i da omekšaju grub izgled zgrada
11:52
and to create a ceiling -- a vaulted ceiling -- over the street, at its best.
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i da formiraju tavanicu - zasvođenu tavanicu - iznad ulice.
11:56
And that's it. Those are the four jobs of the street trees.
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I to je to. To su četiri uloge uličnog drveća.
12:00
They're not supposed to be a cartoon of the North Woods;
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Ona ne treba da budu crtež Severnih šuma;
12:03
they're not supposed to be a set for "The Last of the Mohicans."
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ne treba da budu scenografija za "Poslednjeg Mohikanca".
12:08
You know, one of the problems with the fiasco of suburbia is that it destroyed our understanding
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Znate, jedan od problema sa fijaskom predgrađa je u tome što je uništio naše poimanje
12:16
of the distinction between the country and the town, between the urban and the rural.
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razlike između sela i grada, između urbanog i ruralnog.
12:20
They're not the same thing.
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To nisu iste stvari.
12:22
And we're not going to cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city,
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I nećemo rešiti probleme urbanog tako što ćemo dovlačiti selo u grad,
12:26
which is what a lot of us are trying to do all the time.
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što mnogi od nas pokušavaju da urade svo vreme.
12:28
Here you see it on a small scale -- the mothership has landed,
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Ovde vidite umanjeno - matični brod je sleteo,
12:32
R2-D2 and C-3PO have stepped out to test the bark mulch
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R2-D2 i C-3PO su izašli da testiraju površinu
12:38
to see if they can inhabit this planet. (Laughter)
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da vide da li mogu da nasele planetu. (smeh)
12:43
A lot of this comes from the fact that the industrial city in America was such a trauma
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Mnogo toga dolazi iz činjenice da je industrijski grad u Americi bio takva trauma,
12:48
that we developed this tremendous aversion for the whole idea of the city,
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da smo razvili ogromnu averziju prema celoj ideji grada,
12:52
city life, and everything connected with it.
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gradskog života i prema svemu što je s tim povezano.
12:54
And so what you see fairly early, in the mid-19th century,
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I ono što možete videti prilično rano, sredinom 19. veka,
12:59
is this idea that we now have to have an antidote to the industrial city,
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je ideja da nam je potreban protivotrov za industrijski grad,
13:03
which is going to be life in the country for everybody.
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a to je život na selu za sve ljude.
13:06
And that starts to be delivered in the form of the railroad suburb:
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I to se pojavljuje u vidu železničkog predgrađa:
13:10
the country villa along the railroad line,
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seoska kuća uz prugu,
13:13
which allows people to enjoy the amenity of the city,
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što dozvoljava ljudima da uživaju u prijatnosti grada,
13:16
but to return to the countryside every night.
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ali da se vrate na selo svake večeri.
13:18
And believe me, there were no Wal-Marts or convenience stores out there then,
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I verujte mi, tada nije bilo Wal-Marta ili marketa u okolini.
13:21
so it really was a form of country living.
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Znači to jeste bio oblik seoskog života.
13:23
But what happens is, of course, it mutates over the next 80 years
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Ali onda se dešava da to mutira u narednih 80 godina,
13:27
and it turns into something rather insidious.
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i pretvara se u nešto prilično podmuklo.
13:29
It becomes a cartoon of a country house, in a cartoon of the country.
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Postaje crtać seoske kuće u crtaću od zemlje.
13:34
And that's the great non-articulated agony of suburbia
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I to je ta nepovezana agonija predgrađa,
13:39
and one of the reasons that it lends itself to ridicule.
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jedan od razloga što se izlaže podsmehu.
13:41
Because it hasn't delivered what it's been promising for half a century now.
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Jer nije ispunilo ono što već pola veka obećava.
13:46
And these are typically the kind of dwellings we find there, you know.
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Ovo je tipično stanovanje kakvo tamo vidimo, znate.
13:50
Basically, a house with nothing on the side
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U osnovi to je kuća bez ičega sa strane,
13:53
because this house wants to state, emphatically,
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jer ova kuća želi da nedvosmisleno izjavi
13:55
"I'm a little cabin in the woods. There's nothing on either side of me.
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"Ja sam mala koliba u šumi. Ne postoji ništa s bilo koje moje strane.
13:58
I don't have any eyes on the side of my head. I can't see."
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Nemam oči na glavi. Ne mogu da vidim."
14:02
So you have this one last facade of the house,
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Znači imate ovu poslednju fasadu kuće,
14:04
the front, which is really a cartoon of a facade of a house.
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prednji deo, što je ustvari crtež fasade kuće.
14:07
Because -- notice the porch here.
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Jer - primetite ovde trem.
14:09
Unless the people that live here are Munchkins, nobody's going to be using that.
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Osim ako su ljudi koji tu žive patuljci, niko ga neće koristiti.
14:16
This is really, in fact, a television broadcasting a show 24/7 called "We're Normal."
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Ovo je ustvari TV koji non stop emituje program koji se zove "Mi smo normalni".
14:22
We're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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Normalni smo, normalni smo, normalni smo, normalni smo, normalni smo.
14:25
Please respect us, we're normal, we're normal, we're normal.
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Molimo vas poštujte nas, normalni smo, normalni, normalni.
14:27
But we know what's going on in these houses, you know.
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Ali mi znamo šta se dešava u ovim kućama, znate.
14:29
We know that little Skippy is loading his Uzi down here,
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Znamo da mali Skipi ovde puni svoj uzi,
14:33
getting ready for homeroom. (Laughter)
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spremajući se za školu. (smeh)
14:37
We know that Heather, his sister Heather, 14 years old,
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Znamo da Heder, njegova sestra Heder, koja ima 14 godina,
14:40
is turning tricks up here to support her drug habit.
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ovde radi, da bi održavala svoju navučenost na drogu.
14:43
Because these places, these habitats,
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Jer ova mesta, ove naseobine,
14:46
are inducing immense amounts of anxiety and depression in children,
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proizvode ogromne količine anksioznosti i depresije kod dece,
14:51
and they don't have a lot of experience with medication.
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a ona nemaju mnogo iskustva sa lekovima.
14:55
So they take the first one that comes along, often.
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Tako često uzmu prvi koji im se nađe pri ruci.
14:57
These are not good enough for Americans.
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Ove nisu dovoljno dobre za Amerikance.
14:59
These are the schools we are sending them to:
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Ovo su škole u koje ih šaljemo:
15:02
The Hannibal Lecter Central School, Las Vegas, Nevada.
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Centralna škola Hanibal Lektor, Las Vegas, Nevada.
15:08
This is a real school!
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Ovo je prava škola!
15:10
You know, but there's obviously a notion that if you let the inmates of this thing out,
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Znate, očigledno postoji ideja da ako pustite zatvorenike ovog mesta napolje,
15:14
that they would snatch a motorist off the street and eat his liver.
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oni će zgrabiti vozača sa ulice i pojesti mu jetru.
15:18
So every effort is made to keep them within the building.
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Dakle svi napori se ulažu da se oni sačuvaju unutar zgrade.
15:23
Notice that nature is present. (Laughter)
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Primetite da je priroda prisutna. (smeh)
15:30
We're going to have to change this behavior whether we like it or not.
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Moraćemo da promenimo ovo ponašanje, sviđalo nam se to ili ne.
15:32
We are entering an epochal period of change in the world, and -- certainly in America
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Ulazimo u epohalni period promene u svetu i - u Americi sigurno -
15:37
-- the period that will be characterized by the end of the cheap oil era.
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taj period će biti obeležen kao prestanak ere jevtine nafte.
15:42
It is going to change absolutely everything.
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To će promeniti apsolutno sve.
15:46
Chris asked me not to go on too long about this, and I won't,
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Kris me je zamolio da ne dužim o ovome, i neću.
15:49
except to say there's not going to be a hydrogen economy.
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Osim da kažem da neće postojati hidrogenska ekonomija.
15:52
Forget it. It's not going to happen.
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Zaboravite. To se neće desiti.
15:54
We're going to have to do something else instead.
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Moraćemo umesto toga da uradimo nešto drugo.
15:56
We're going to have to down-scale, re-scale, and re-size
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Moraćemo da smanjimo i promenimo veličinu i obim
16:01
virtually everything we do in this country and we can't start soon enough to do it.
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skoro svega što radimo u ovoj zemlji i već je trebalo da počnemo.
16:05
We're going to have -- (Applause) -- we're going to have to live closer to where we work.
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Moraćemo - (aplauz) - moraćemo da živimo bliže mestu na kom radimo.
16:09
We're going to have to live closer to each other.
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Moraćemo da živimo bliže jedni drugima.
16:11
We're going have to grow more food closer to where we live.
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Moraćemo da gajimo više hrane bliže mestima u kojima živimo.
16:15
The age of the 3,000 mile Caesar salad is coming to an end.
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Doba Cezar salate sa udaljenosti od 5km se bliži kraju.
16:20
We're going to have to -- we have a railroad system that the Bulgarians would be ashamed of!
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Moraćemo - imamo železnički sistem kog bi se Bugari stideli!
16:25
We gotta do better than that!
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Moramo bolje od toga!
16:27
And we should have started two days before yesterday.
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I trebalo je davno da počnemo.
16:30
We are fortunate that the new urbanists were there, for the last 10 years,
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Srećni smo da su novi urbanisti poslednjih 10 godina
16:35
excavating all that information that was thrown in the garbage
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iskopavali sve informacije koje su generacije naših roditelja
16:39
by our parents' generation after World War II.
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bacile u smeće posle Drugog svetskog rata.
16:42
Because we're going to need it if we're going to learn how to reconstruct towns.
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Jer to će nam biti potrebno ako ćemo da naučimo da rekonstruišemo gradove.
16:44
We're going to need to get back this body of methodology and principle and skill
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Moraćemo da povratimo ovu metodologiju i principe i veštinu
16:50
in order to re-learn how to compose meaningful places, places that are integral,
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kako bismo ponovo naučili da stvaramo mesta sa smislom - celovita mesta.
16:56
that allow -- that are living organisms in the sense that they contain all the organs of our civic life
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Koja predstavljaju žive organizme u smislu da sadrže sve organe našeg građanskog života,
17:03
and our communal life, deployed in an integral fashion.
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i našeg zajedničkog života, razvijene na celovit način.
17:08
So that, you know, the residences make sense
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Tako da kuće imaju smisla,
17:11
deployed in relation to the places of business, of culture and of governance.
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da su razvijene u mesta za posao, kulturu, vladu.
17:16
We're going to have to re-learn what the building blocks of these things are:
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Moraćemo da ponovo naučimo šta su noseći blokovi ovih stvari.
17:20
the street, the block, how to compose public space that's both large and small,
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Ulica. Blok. Kako skrojiti javni prostor koji je u isto vreme velik i mali.
17:26
the courtyard, the civic square
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Dvorište. Gradski trg.
17:29
and how to really make use of this property.
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I kako stvarno iskoristiti ovo.
17:32
We can see some of the first ideas
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Možemo videti neke od prvih ideja
17:35
for retro-fitting some of the catastrophic property that we have in America.
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za poboljšanje nekih od katastrofalnih nekretnina u Americi.
17:40
The dead malls: what are we going to do with them?
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Mrtvi tržni centri. Šta ćemo da uradimo s njima?
17:43
Well, in point of fact, most of them are not going to make it.
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Pa, činjenica je da mnogi od njih neće preživeti.
17:45
They're not going to be retro-fitted;
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Oni neće biti poboljšani;
17:47
they're going to be the salvage yards of the future.
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oni će biti otpadi budućnosti.
17:49
Some of them we're going to fix, though.
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Mada, neke od njih ćemo popraviti.
17:51
And we're going to fix them by imposing back on them street and block systems
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Popravićemo ih tako što ćemo ponovo nametnuti sistem ulica i blokova
17:55
and returning to the building lot as the normal increment of development.
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i vratićemo se zgradama kao normalnim doprinosima razvoju.
18:01
And if we're lucky, the result will be revivified town centers and neighborhood centers
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I ako imamo sreće, rezultat će biti vaskrsnuće gradskih i susedskih centara
18:07
in our existing towns and cities.
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u našim postojećim mestima i gradovima.
18:09
And by the way, our towns and cities are where they are, and grew where they were
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Usput, naša mesta i gradovi se nalaze tamo gde se nalaze i razvijaju se tu
18:14
because they occupy all the important sites.
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jer zauzimaju sva bitna mesta.
18:16
And most of them are still going to be there,
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Većina njih će i dalje biti tu,
18:19
although the scale of them is probably going to be diminished.
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iako će njihova veličina verovatno da se umanji.
18:24
We've got a lot of work to do.
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Imamo mnogo posla.
18:26
We're not going to be rescued by the hyper-car; we're not going to be rescued by alternative fuels.
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Neće nas spasiti hiper-automobil; neće nas spasiti alternativna goriva.
18:31
No amount or combination of alternative fuels
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Nikakva količina ili kombinacija alternativnih goriva
18:34
is going to allow us to continue running what we're running, the way we're running it.
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nam neće dozvoliti da nastavimo da radimo to što radimo na način na koji to radimo.
18:38
We're going to have to do everything very differently.
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Moraćemo da sve radimo veoma drugačije.
18:41
And America's not prepared.
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Ali Amerika nije spremna.
18:43
We are sleepwalking into the future.
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Mi mesečarimo u budućnost.
18:46
We're not ready for what's coming at us.
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Nismo pripremljeni za ono što nam stiže.
18:49
So I urge you all to do what you can.
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Zato vas pozivam da uradite ono što možete.
18:52
Life in the mid-21st century is going to be about living locally.
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Život sredinom 21. veka će se živeti lokalno.
18:59
Be prepared to be good neighbors.
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Pripremite se da budete dobri susedi.
19:02
Be prepared to find vocations that make you useful
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Pripremite se da nađete poziv kojim ćete biti od koristi
19:07
to your neighbors and to your fellow citizens.
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svojim komšijama i sugrađanima.
19:09
One final thing -- I've been very disturbed about this for years,
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Poslednja stvar - ovo me uznemirava godinama,
19:12
but I think it's particularly important for this audience.
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ali mislim da je posebno važno za ovu publiku.
19:15
Please, please, stop referring to yourselves as "consumers." OK?
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Molim vas, molim vas prekinite da o sebi govorite kao o "potrošačima". OK?
19:21
Consumers are different than citizens.
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Potrošači su drugačiji od građana.
19:23
Consumers do not have obligations, responsibilities and duties
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Potrošači nemaju obaveza, odgovornosti i dužnosti
19:28
to their fellow human beings.
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prema drugim ljudskim bićima.
19:30
And as long as you're using that word consumer in the public discussion,
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I sve dok u javnoj diskusiji koristite reč potrošač,
19:33
you will be degrading the quality of the discussion we're having.
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vi degradirate kvalitet diskusije koju vodimo.
19:37
And we're going to continue being clueless
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I nastavićemo da kao neznalice
19:40
going into this very difficult future that we face.
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idemo u tu veoma tešku budućnost s kojom se suočavamo.
19:43
So thank you very much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
19:44
Please go out and do what you can to make this a land full of places that are worth caring about
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Molim vas izađite i radite ono što možete kako bismo imali puno mesta do kojih nam je stalo
19:50
and a nation that will be worth defending. (Applause)
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i naciju koju bi bilo vredno braniti. (aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James Howard Kunstler - Social criticJames Howard Kunstler may be the world’s most outspoken critic of suburban sprawl. He believes the end of the fossil fuels era will soon force a return to smaller-scale, agrarian communities -- and an overhaul of the most destructive features of postwar society.
Why you should listen
James Howard Kunstler calls suburban sprawl "the greatest misallocation of resources the world has ever known." His arguments bring a new lens to urban development, drawing clear connections between physical spaces and cultural vitality.
Geography of Nowhere, published in 1993, presented a grim vision of America in decline -- a nation of cookie-cutter strip malls, vacuous city centers, and dead spaces wrought by what Kunstler calls the ethos of Happy Motoring: our society-wide dependence on the automobile.
The Long Emergency (2005) takes a hard look at energy dependency, arguing that the end of the fossil fuels era will force a return to smaller-scale, agrarian-focused communities and an overhaul of many of the most prominent and destructive features of postwar society.
His confrontational approach and propensity for doomsday scenarios make Kunstler a lightning rod for controversy and critics. But his magnificent rants are underscored with logic and his books are widely read, particularly by architectural critics and urban planners.
James Howard Kunstler | Speaker | TED.com