TEDGlobal 2013
Charmian Gooch: Meet global corruption's hidden players
Šarmijan Guč (Charmian Gooch): Upoznajte skrivene igrače globalne korupcije
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Kada sin predsednika očajnički siromašne države počne da kupuje vile i sportske automobile sa zvaničnom mesečnom platom od 7.000 dolara, Šarmijan Guč navodi da je korupcija verovatno negde u igri. U žestokom, razotkrivajućem govoru (i kroz nekoliko specifičnih primera), ona detaljno prikazuje kako pratioci globalne korupcije ulaze u trag novcu - trag koji vodi do nekih iznenađujuće poznatih lica.
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activist
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When we talk about corruption,
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Kada pričamo o korupciji,
00:14
there are typical types of individuals that spring to mind.
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postoje tipične vrste pojedinaca
koje padaju na pamet.
koje padaju na pamet.
00:18
There's the former Soviet megalomaniacs.
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Imamo megalomanijake
iz bivšeg Sovjetskog Saveza.
iz bivšeg Sovjetskog Saveza.
00:20
Saparmurat Niyazov, he was one of them.
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Saparmurat Nijazov je bio jedan od njih.
00:23
Until his death in 2006,
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Do svoje smrti 2006.
00:25
he was the all-powerful leader of Turkmenistan,
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bio je doživotni predsednik
Turkmenistana,
Turkmenistana,
00:29
a Central Asian country rich in natural gas.
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srednjoazijske zemlje
bogate prirodnim gasom.
bogate prirodnim gasom.
00:32
Now, he really loved to issue presidential decrees.
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On je zbilja voleo
da izdaje predsedničke dekrete.
da izdaje predsedničke dekrete.
00:36
And one renamed the months of the year
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Jednim od njih je preimenovao
mesece u godini
mesece u godini
00:39
including after himself and his mother.
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po svom imenu i imenu svoje majke.
00:42
He spent millions of dollars
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Potrošio je milione dolara
00:44
creating a bizarre personality cult,
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stvarajući bizaran kult ličnosti,
00:47
and his crowning glory was the building
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a krunu njegove slave
predstavljalo je
predstavljalo je
00:49
of a 40-foot-high gold-plated statue of himself
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građenje pozlaćene statue
sopstvenog lika, veličine 12 metara,
sopstvenog lika, veličine 12 metara,
00:53
which stood proudly in the capital's central square
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koja je ponosno krasila
prestonički centralni trg
prestonički centralni trg
00:56
and rotated to follow the sun.
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i okretala se prema suncu.
00:59
He was a slightly unusual guy.
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Bio je pomalo neobičan momak.
01:01
And then there's that cliché,
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I onda imamo taj kliše,
01:03
the African dictator or minister or official.
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afričkog diktatora,
ministra ili zvaničnika.
ministra ili zvaničnika.
01:07
There's Teodorín Obiang.
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Tu je Teodorin Obijang.
01:10
So his daddy is president for life of Equatorial Guinea,
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Njegov tatica je doživotni predsednik
Ekvatorijalne Gvineje,
Ekvatorijalne Gvineje,
01:14
a West African nation that has exported
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zapadnoafričke nacije koja je izvezla
01:17
billions of dollars of oil since the 1990s
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milijarde dolara u nafti
od devedesetih godina prošlog veka,
od devedesetih godina prošlog veka,
01:21
and yet has a truly appalling human rights record.
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a ipak ima zbilja užasan
tretman ljudskih prava.
tretman ljudskih prava.
01:25
The vast majority of its people
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Najveći deo stanovništva
01:27
are living in really miserable poverty
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živi u velikom siromaštvu uprkos prihodu
01:30
despite an income per capita that's on a par
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po glavi stanovništva koji je isti
01:32
with that of Portugal.
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kao u Portugaliji.
01:34
So Obiang junior, well, he buys himself
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Tako da, Obijang mlađi, pa,
on sebi kupuje
on sebi kupuje
01:37
a $30 million mansion in Malibu, California.
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vilu vrednu 30 miliona dolara
u Malibuu, u Kaliforniji.
u Malibuu, u Kaliforniji.
01:41
I've been up to its front gates.
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Bila sam do prednje kapije.
01:42
I can tell you it's a magnificent spread.
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Mogu da vam kažem
da je prizor veličanstven.
da je prizor veličanstven.
01:45
He bought an €18 million art collection
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Kupio je umetničku kolekciju
vrednu 18 miliona evra,
vrednu 18 miliona evra,
01:49
that used to belong to fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent,
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koja je pripadala Iv Sen Loranu,
modnom dizajneru,
modnom dizajneru,
01:53
a stack of fabulous sports cars,
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gomilu predivnih sportskih automobila,
01:55
some costing a million dollars apiece --
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neki su koštali i do milion dolara,
01:57
oh, and a Gulfstream jet, too.
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kao i Galfstrim mlazni avion.
02:00
Now get this:
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Pazite sad ovo:
02:01
Until recently, he was earning an official monthly salary
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do skoro je dobijao zvaničnu
mesečnu platu
mesečnu platu
02:05
of less than 7,000 dollars.
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manju od 7 000 dolara.
02:09
And there's Dan Etete.
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Onda, tu je Den Etete.
02:11
Well, he was the former oil minister of Nigeria
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On je bio bivši ministar za naftu Nigerije
02:14
under President Abacha,
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tokom vladavine predsednika Abača,
02:16
and it just so happens he's a convicted money launderer too.
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i slučajno se desilo
da je i osuđen za pranje novca.
da je i osuđen za pranje novca.
02:20
We've spent a great deal of time
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Potrošili smo mnogo vremena
02:22
investigating a $1 billion --
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istražujući ugovor od milijarde -
02:24
that's right, a $1 billion —
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da, da, jedne milijarde dolara
02:26
oil deal that he was involved with,
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gde je on bio umešan
02:29
and what we found was pretty shocking,
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i ono što smo otkrili je
prilično šokantno,
prilično šokantno,
02:31
but more about that later.
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ali malo više o tome kasnije.
02:33
So it's easy to think that corruption happens
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Lako je misliti da se korupcija događa
02:37
somewhere over there,
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negde tamo,
02:39
carried out by a bunch of greedy despots
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od strane gomile pohlepnih despota
02:41
and individuals up to no good in countries
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i pojedinaca koji čine zlo u zemljama
02:43
that we, personally, may know very little about
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o kojima mi lično ne znamo baš mnogo
02:46
and feel really unconnected to
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i ne osećamo baš vezu sa njima
02:48
and unaffected by what might be going on.
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i ne pogađa nas šta se
tamo možda dešava.
tamo možda dešava.
02:51
But does it just happen over there?
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Ali, da li se to samo tamo dešava?
02:55
Well, at 22, I was very lucky.
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U 22. godini, ja sam baš imala sreće.
02:58
My first job out of university
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Moj prvi posao posle fakulteta
03:01
was investigating the illegal trade in African ivory.
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bio je da istražujem nelegalnu
trgovinu afričkom slonovačom.
trgovinu afričkom slonovačom.
03:05
And that's how my relationship with corruption really began.
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I tako je počela moja
veza sa korupcijom.
veza sa korupcijom.
03:09
In 1993, with two friends who were colleagues,
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1993, sa dvojicom prijatelja koji
su mi bili kolege,
su mi bili kolege,
03:12
Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley,
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Sajmonom Tejlorom i Patrikom Elijem,
03:15
we set up an organization called Global Witness.
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osnovali smo organizaciju
pod imenom Globalni svedok.
pod imenom Globalni svedok.
03:18
Our first campaign was investigating the role
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Naša prva kampanja
bila je istraživanje uloge
bila je istraživanje uloge
03:21
of illegal logging in funding the war in Cambodia.
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ilegalne seče drva
u finansiranju rata u Kambodži.
u finansiranju rata u Kambodži.
03:25
So a few years later, and it's now 1997,
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Nekoliko godina kasnije, sad je 1997,
03:28
and I'm in Angola undercover investigating blood diamonds.
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nalazim se u Angoli na tajnom zadatku
i istražujem krvave dijamante.
i istražujem krvave dijamante.
03:33
Perhaps you saw the film,
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Možda ste pogledali holivudski film
03:35
the Hollywood film "Blood Diamond,"
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"Krvavi dijamant''
03:36
the one with Leonardo DiCaprio.
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sa Leonardom Dikapriom.
03:38
Well, some of that sprang from our work.
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E pa, nešto od toga je
proisteklo iz našeg rada.
proisteklo iz našeg rada.
03:42
Luanda, it was full of land mine victims
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Luanda je bila puna žrtava
nagaznih mina
nagaznih mina
03:44
who were struggling to survive on the streets
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koje su se borile da prežive
po ulilcama
po ulilcama
03:47
and war orphans living in sewers under the streets,
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i ratnih siročića koji su živeli
u kanalizaciji ispod ulica
u kanalizaciji ispod ulica
03:50
and a tiny, very wealthy elite
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i malog dela veoma bogate elite
03:52
who gossiped about shopping trips to Brazil and Portugal.
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koji je tračarao o šoping putovanjima
do Brazila i Portugala.
do Brazila i Portugala.
03:55
And it was a slightly crazy place.
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I to bilo je malo ludo mesto.
03:58
So I'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy hotel room
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I tako, ja sedim u toploj
i veoma zagušljivoj hotelskoj sobi,
i veoma zagušljivoj hotelskoj sobi,
04:01
feeling just totally overwhelmed.
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osećajući se potpuno skrhano.
04:04
But it wasn't about blood diamonds.
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Ali ne zbog krvavih dijamanata.
04:07
Because I'd been speaking to lots of people there
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Već zato što sam pričala
sa mnogo ljudi tamo
sa mnogo ljudi tamo
04:10
who, well, they talked about a different problem:
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koji su pričali i o drugom problemu:
04:12
that of a massive web of corruption on a global scale
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o masivnoj mreži korupcije
svetskih razmera
svetskih razmera
04:15
and millions of oil dollars going missing.
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i milionima dolara u nafti
koji su nestali.
koji su nestali.
04:19
And for what was then a very small organization
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I od onoga što je tad bila
veoma mala organizacija
veoma mala organizacija
04:21
of just a few people,
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od jedva nekoliko ljudi
04:23
trying to even begin to think how we might tackle that
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koji su pokušavali da samo zamisle
kako da se zabave time
kako da se zabave time
04:26
was an enormous challenge.
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bio je ogroman izazov.
04:29
And in the years that I've been,
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I u godinama kada sam radila,
04:30
and we've all been campaigning and investigating,
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i svi smo vodili kampanje i istraživali,
04:33
I've repeatedly seen that what makes corruption
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iznova sam viđala šta omogućava korupciju
04:35
on a global, massive scale possible,
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na globalnom, visokom nivou,
04:37
well it isn't just greed or the misuse of power
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pa nije to samo pohlepa
ili zloupotreba moći
ili zloupotreba moći
04:40
or that nebulous phrase "weak governance."
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ili ona nebulozna fraza "slaba vlada".
04:43
I mean, yes, it's all of those,
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Mislim, jeste sve od toga,
04:45
but corruption, it's made possible by the actions
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ali korupcija je omogućena delanjem
04:48
of global facilitators.
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globalnih moderatora.
04:51
So let's go back to some of those people I talked about earlier.
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Da se vratimo na ljude
o kojima sam pričala ranije.
o kojima sam pričala ranije.
To su sve ljudi o kojima smo istraživali,
04:55
Now, they're all people we've investigated,
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04:56
and they're all people who couldn't do what they do alone.
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i ti ljudi nisu to što rade
mogli da rade sami.
mogli da rade sami.
04:59
Take Obiang junior. Well, he didn't end up
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Recimo Obijang Junior.
On nije završio
On nije završio
05:01
with high-end art and luxury houses without help.
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sa skupocenom umetnošću
i luksuznim kućama bez pomoći.
i luksuznim kućama bez pomoći.
05:05
He did business with global banks.
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Poslovao je sa svetskim bankama.
05:07
A bank in Paris held accounts of companies controlled by him,
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Banka u Parizu držala je račune
kompanija koje je kontrolisao,
kompanija koje je kontrolisao,
05:11
one of which was used to buy the art,
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od kojih je jedna bila
za kupovinu umetnina,
za kupovinu umetnina,
05:14
and American banks, well, they funneled
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a američke banke su slivale
05:16
73 million dollars into the States,
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73 miliona dolara u SAD,
05:19
some of which was used to buy that California mansion.
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od čega je jedan deo iskorišćen
za kupovinu te vile u Kaliforniji.
za kupovinu te vile u Kaliforniji.
05:23
And he didn't do all of this in his own name either.
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A ovo nije sve uradio u svoje ime.
05:26
He used shell companies.
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Koristio je kompanije paravane.
05:28
He used one to buy the property, and another,
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Jednu bi iskoristio da kupi imovinu
05:30
which was in somebody else's name,
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a drugu, koja je bila na tuđem imenu,
05:32
to pay the huge bills it cost to run the place.
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da plati ogromne račune
neophodne da bi sve funkcionisalo.
neophodne da bi sve funkcionisalo.
05:36
And then there's Dan Etete.
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Tu je i Den Etete.
05:39
Well, when he was oil minister,
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Kada je bio ministar za naftu,
05:41
he awarded an oil block now worth over a billion dollars
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dodelio je kvadrant nafte
sada vredan preko milijardu dolara
sada vredan preko milijardu dolara
05:46
to a company that, guess what, yeah,
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kompaniji koju je, čik pogodite, da,
05:49
he was the hidden owner of.
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posedovao u tajnosti.
05:51
Now, it was then much later traded on
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Ona je dosta kasnije promenila vlasnika,
05:54
with the kind assistance of the Nigerian government --
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uz srdačnu pomoć vlade Nigerije -
05:57
now I have to be careful what I say here —
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moram da budem pažljiva
šta ću sada reći -
šta ću sada reći -
05:59
to subsidiaries of Shell and the Italian Eni,
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uzele su ga kompanije ćerke
Šela i italijanske Eni,
Šela i italijanske Eni,
06:03
two of the biggest oil companies around.
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što su dve najveće naftne kompanije.
06:06
So the reality is, is that the engine of corruption,
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Stvarnost je ta da srce korupcije
06:08
well, it exists far beyond the shores of countries
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postoji daleko od obala zemalja
06:11
like Equatorial Guinea or Nigeria or Turkmenistan.
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poput Ekvatorijalne Gineje, Nigerije
ili Turkmenistana.
ili Turkmenistana.
06:14
This engine, well, it's driven
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Pokretač tog srca je
06:16
by our international banking system,
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međunarodni bankarski sistem,
06:19
by the problem of anonymous shell companies,
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problemom anonimnih kompanija paravana
06:21
and by the secrecy that we have afforded
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i tajnošću koju smo pružili
06:24
big oil, gas and mining operations,
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velikim operacijama koje se tiču
nafte, gasa i ruda,
nafte, gasa i ruda,
06:27
and, most of all, by the failure of our politicians
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i pre svega, nemogućnošću političara
06:30
to back up their rhetoric and do something
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da stanu iza svojih reči i urade nešto
06:32
really meaningful and systemic to tackle this stuff.
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zaista bitno i sistematski
da se izbore sa ovim.
da se izbore sa ovim.
06:37
Now let's take the banks first.
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Hajde prvo da pogledamo banke.
06:39
Well, it's not going to come as any surprise
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Nije iznenađenje
06:42
for me to tell you that banks accept dirty money,
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što ću vam reći da banke
prihvataju prljav novac,
prihvataju prljav novac,
06:46
but they prioritize their profits in other destructive ways too.
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ali stavljaju za prioritete zaradu
i na druge destruktivne načine.
i na druge destruktivne načine.
06:51
For example, in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Na primer, u Saravaku u Maleziji.
06:54
Now this region, it has just five percent
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U ovoj regiji postoji samo pet procenata
06:57
of its forests left intact. Five percent.
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netaknutih šuma. Pet procenata.
07:03
So how did that happen?
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Kako se to desilo?
07:04
Well, because an elite and its facilitators
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Tako što su elita i njene vođe
07:07
have been making millions of dollars
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zarađivali milione dolara
07:09
from supporting logging on an industrial scale
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podržavajući seču drveta
na industrijskom nivou
na industrijskom nivou
07:13
for many years.
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dugi niz godina.
07:15
So we sent an undercover investigator in
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Poslali smo tajnog istraživača
07:18
to secretly film meetings with members of the ruling elite,
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da u tajnosti snima sastanke
sa članovima vladajuće elite,
sa članovima vladajuće elite,
07:21
and the resulting footage, well, it made some people very angry,
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i snimci koje smo dobili
su neke ljude veoma naljutili
su neke ljude veoma naljutili
i to možete videti na Jutjubu,
ali to je pokazalo
ali to je pokazalo
07:24
and you can see that on YouTube,
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07:27
but it proved what we had long suspected,
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ono na šta smo dugo sumnjali,
07:28
because it showed how the state's chief minister,
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jer je pokazalo da je premijer države,
07:32
despite his later denials,
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uprkos kasnijem poricanju,
07:34
used his control over land and forest licenses
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koristio kontrolu nad zemljištem
i šumskim dozvolama
i šumskim dozvolama
07:38
to enrich himself and his family.
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da sebe i svoju porodicu učini bogatim.
07:41
And HSBC, well, we know that HSBC bankrolled
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A za HSBC znamo da su čuvali novac
07:45
the region's largest logging companies
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najvećih kompanija za seču drva u regiji
07:47
that were responsible for some of that destruction
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koje su bile odgovorne
za deo te destrukcije
za deo te destrukcije
07:49
in Sarawak and elsewhere.
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u Saravaku i na drugim mestima.
07:52
The bank violated its own sustainability policies in the process,
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Banka je prekršila sopstvene polise
o održivosti u samom procesu,
o održivosti u samom procesu,
07:56
but it earned around 130 million dollars.
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ali je zaradila oko 130 miliona dolara.
08:00
Now shortly after our exposé,
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Ukratko nakon našeg ekspozea,
08:02
very shortly after our exposé earlier this year,
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veoma ubrzo nakon ekspozea
početkom ove godine,
početkom ove godine,
08:05
the bank announced a policy review on this.
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banka je najavila prikaz polise.
08:08
And is this progress? Maybe,
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Da li je ovo napredak?
08:10
but we're going to be keeping a very close eye
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Možda, ali ćemo budnim okom
08:13
on that case.
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paziti na ovaj slučaj.
08:15
And then there's the problem of anonymous shell companies.
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Onda je tu i problem anonimnih
kompanija paravana.
kompanija paravana.
08:18
Well, we've all heard about what they are, I think,
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Mislim da smo svi čuli šta su one,
08:21
and we all know they're used quite a bit
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i svi znamo da ih dosta koriste
08:24
by people and companies who are trying to avoid
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ljudi i kompanije
koji pokušavaju da izbegnu
koji pokušavaju da izbegnu
08:26
paying their proper dues to society,
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plaćanje svojih dugova društvu,
08:29
also known as taxes.
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to jest poreza.
08:31
But what doesn't usually come to light
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Ali na svetlo obično ne izađe
08:34
is how shell companies are used to steal
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to kako se ove kompanije koriste za krađu
08:39
huge sums of money, transformational sums of money,
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ogromnih suma novca,
transformacionih suma novca,
transformacionih suma novca,
08:42
from poor countries.
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iz siromašnih zemalja.
08:44
In virtually every case of corruption that we've investigated,
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U skoro svakom slučaju korupcije
koji smo istraživali,
koji smo istraživali,
08:48
shell companies have appeared,
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pojavile su se kompanije paravani
08:50
and sometimes it's been impossible to find out
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i ponekad je bilo nemoguće otkriti
08:52
who is really involved in the deal.
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ko je zapravo uključen u posao.
08:56
A recent study by the World Bank
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Skorašnje istraživanje Svetske banke
08:58
looked at 200 cases of corruption.
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pokrivalo je 200 slučajeva korupcija.
09:01
It found that over 70 percent of those cases
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Oktriveno je da su u 70% tih slučajeva
09:04
had used anonymous shell companies,
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korišćene anonimne kompanije paravani,
09:07
totaling almost 56 billion dollars.
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a ukupna suma bila je
56 milijardi dolara.
56 milijardi dolara.
09:11
Now many of these companies were in America
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Dosta tih kompanija bilo je u Americi
ili Ujedinjenom kraljevstvu,
09:13
or the United Kingdom,
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09:14
its overseas territories and Crown dependencies,
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teritorijama preko okeana
i Krunskim posedima,
i Krunskim posedima,
09:17
and so it's not just an offshore problem,
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tako da to nije samo problem
sa ofšor kompanijama,
sa ofšor kompanijama,
09:19
it's an on-shore one too.
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već i sa onim u zemlji.
09:21
You see, shell companies, they're central
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Vidite, kompanije paravani su ključne
09:23
to the secret deals which may benefit wealthy elites
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za tajne ugovore koji mogu
da koriste bogatim članovima elite
da koriste bogatim članovima elite
09:26
rather than ordinary citizens.
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umesto običnim građanima.
09:29
One striking recent case that we've investigated
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U jednom upečatljivom slučaju
koji smo skoro istraživali,
koji smo skoro istraživali,
09:33
is how the government in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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vlada u Demokratskoj republici Kongo
09:36
sold off a series of valuable, state-owned mining assets
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prodala je dosta vredne državne imovine
gde se kopa ruda
gde se kopa ruda
09:40
to shell companies in the British Virgin Islands.
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kompanijama paravanima
na Britanskim devičanskim ostrvima.
na Britanskim devičanskim ostrvima.
09:43
So we spoke to sources in country,
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Pričali smo sa izvorima u zemlji,
09:46
trawled through company documents and other information
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prošli kroz dokumenta kompanije
i druge informacije,
i druge informacije,
09:49
trying to piece together a really true picture of the deal.
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pokušavajući da sklopimo
pravu sliku o dogovoru.
pravu sliku o dogovoru.
09:53
And we were alarmed to find that these shell companies
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Bili smo uznemireni kada smo saznali
da su ove kompanije paravani
da su ove kompanije paravani
09:56
had quickly flipped many of the assets on
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brzo preprodale većinu imovine
09:58
for huge profits to major international mining companies
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velikim međunarodnim kompanijama
za rudarstvo iz Londona
za rudarstvo iz Londona
10:02
listed in London.
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za ogromne zarade.
10:05
Now, the Africa Progress Panel, led by Kofi Annan,
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Odbor za napredak Afrike,
na čelu sa Kofijem Ananom,
na čelu sa Kofijem Ananom,
10:08
they've calculated that Congo may have lost
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izračunao je da je Kongo možda izgubio
10:11
more than 1.3 billion dollars from these deals.
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više od 1,3 milijarde dolara
na ovim poslovima.
na ovim poslovima.
10:16
That's almost twice
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To je skoro dvostruko više
10:18
the country's annual health and education budget combined.
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od godišnjeg budžeta ove zemlje
za zdravstvo i obrazovanje zajedno.
za zdravstvo i obrazovanje zajedno.
10:24
And will the people of Congo, will they ever get their money back?
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Da li će ljudima iz države Kongo
ikada biti vraćen novac?
ikada biti vraćen novac?
10:26
Well, the answer to that question,
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Odgovor na to pitanje,
10:28
and who was really involved and what really happened,
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i to ko je zaista bio umešan
i šta se zaista desilo,
i šta se zaista desilo,
10:30
well that's going to probably remain locked away
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to će verovatno ostati zaključano
10:33
in the secretive company registries of the British Virgin Islands
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u tajnim registrima kompanija
na Britanskim devičanskim ostrvima
na Britanskim devičanskim ostrvima
10:36
and elsewhere unless we all do something about it.
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i drugde, osim ako zaista ne uradimo
nešto povodom toga.
nešto povodom toga.
10:41
And how about the oil, gas and mining companies?
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A šta je sa kompanijama koje se bave
naftom, gasom i rudama?
naftom, gasom i rudama?
10:43
Okay, maybe it's a bit of a cliché to talk about them.
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Možda je kliše pričati o njima.
10:46
Corruption in that sector, no surprise.
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Korupcija u tom sektoru nije iznenađenje.
10:48
There's corruption everywhere, so why focus on that sector?
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Svuda ima korupcije,
zašto bi se usredsredili na taj sektor?
zašto bi se usredsredili na taj sektor?
10:53
Well, because there's a lot at stake.
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Zato što je ulog velik.
10:55
In 2011, natural resource exports
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2011, izvoz prirodnih resursa
10:59
outweighed aid flows by almost 19 to one
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bio je 19 puta veći od iznosa pomoći
11:03
in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Nineteen to one.
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u Africi, Aziji i Latinskoj Americi.
19 puta veći.
19 puta veći.
11:07
Now that's a hell of a lot of schools and universities
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To je veoma mnogo škola, univerziteta,
11:11
and hospitals and business startups,
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1977
bolnica i započetih biznisa,
11:13
many of which haven't materialized and never will
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od kojih se mnogi nikada nisu ostvarili
i nikada neće
i nikada neće
11:15
because some of that money has simply been stolen away.
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jer je deo tog novca jednostavno ukraden.
11:19
Now let's go back to the oil and mining companies,
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Vratimo se na naftne
i rudarske kompanije,
i rudarske kompanije,
11:22
and let's go back to Dan Etete and that $1 billion deal.
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na Dena Etetea
i taj posao od milijardu dolara.
i taj posao od milijardu dolara.
11:25
And now forgive me, I'm going to read the next bit
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Oprostite mi, ali ovaj deo ću pročitati
11:28
because it's a very live issue, and our lawyers
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jer je problem veoma aktuelan
i naši advokati
i naši advokati
11:30
have been through this in some detail
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su detaljno pretresli ovo
11:32
and they want me to get it right.
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i žele da uradim sve kako treba.
11:36
Now, on the surface, the deal appeared straightforward.
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Posao na prvi pogled
izgleda sasvim jasno.
izgleda sasvim jasno.
11:40
Subsidiaries of Shell and Eni
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2100
Ćerke kompanije Šela i Eni
11:42
paid the Nigerian government for the block.
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su platile vladi Nigerije za kvadrant.
11:45
The Nigerian government transferred
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Nigerijska vlada je prebacila
11:47
precisely the same amount, to the very dollar,
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tačno isti iznos, do poslednjeg dolara
11:50
to an account earmarked for a shell company
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4615
na račun povezan sa kompanijom paravanom
11:55
whose hidden owner was Etete.
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čiji je tajni vlasnik bio Etete.
11:57
Now, that's not bad going for a convicted money launderer.
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Nije loše za nekog
ko je osuđen za pranje novca.
ko je osuđen za pranje novca.
12:00
And here's the thing.
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Evo u čemu je stvar.
12:02
After many months of digging around
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Nakon dosta meseci prekopavanja
12:03
and reading through hundreds of pages of court documents,
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i čitanja stotina strana sudskih zapisa,
12:07
we found evidence that, in fact,
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1955
pronašli smo dokaze
12:09
Shell and Eni had known that the funds
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da su Šel i Eni zapravo
znali da će sredstva
znali da će sredstva
12:12
would be transferred to that shell company,
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biti prebačena na tu kompaniju paravan
12:15
and frankly, it's hard to believe they didn't know
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i iskreno, teško je za poverovati
da nisu znali
da nisu znali
12:19
who they were really dealing with there.
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sa kime tačno imaju posla.
12:22
Now, it just shouldn't take these sorts of efforts
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Ne bi trebalo da se uloži ovakav trud
12:26
to find out where the money in deals like this went.
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da se otkrije gde odlazi novac
u ovakvim poslovima.
u ovakvim poslovima.
12:28
I mean, these are state assets.
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Ovo je državni posed.
12:30
They're supposed to be used for the benefit
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Treba da se koristi za dobrostanje
12:31
of the people in the country.
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ljudi u toj državi.
12:33
But in some countries, citizens and journalists
257
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Ali u nekim državama, građani i novinari
12:36
who are trying to expose stories like this
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1955
koji pokušaju da prikažu priče poput ove
12:38
have been harassed and arrested
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doživljavaju maltretiranje i hapšenje
12:40
and some have even risked their lives to do so.
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a neki su čak i rizikovali svoje živote.
12:44
And finally, well, there are those who believe
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Konačno, postoje oni koji veruju
12:48
that corruption is unavoidable.
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da je korupcija neizbežna.
12:50
It's just how some business is done.
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2149
Tako se prosto obavljaju poslovi.
12:52
It's too complex and difficult to change.
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Previše je komplikovano
i teško za promeniti.
i teško za promeniti.
12:55
So in effect, what? We just accept it.
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Šta je posledica?
Jednostavno to prihvatamo.
Jednostavno to prihvatamo.
12:58
But as a campaigner and investigator,
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Ali kao borac i istraživač,
13:00
I have a different view,
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imam drugačiji pogled,
13:01
because I've seen what can happen
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jer sam videla šta može da se dogodi
13:03
when an idea gains momentum.
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kada se ideja pokrene.
13:06
In the oil and mining sector, for example,
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2744
U sektoru nafte i rudarstva, na primer,
13:09
there is now the beginning
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sada se počinje
13:10
of a truly worldwide transparency standard
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sa pravim svetskim
standardom transparentnosti
standardom transparentnosti
13:13
that could tackle some of these problems.
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koji bi mogao da reši
neke od ovih problema.
neke od ovih problema.
13:16
In 1999, when Global Witness called
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2422
Kada je 1999. Globalni svedok pozvao
13:19
for oil companies to make payments on deals transparent,
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3339
naftne kompanije da učine
plaćanja poslova transparentnim,
plaćanja poslova transparentnim,
13:22
well, some people laughed at the extreme naiveté
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neki ljudi su se smejali
ekstremnoj naivnosti
ekstremnoj naivnosti
13:26
of that small idea.
277
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2103
te malene ideje.
13:28
But literally hundreds of civil society groups
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Ali bukvalno stotine grupa građana
13:31
from around the world came together
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iz celog sveta se sastalo
13:33
to fight for transparency,
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da se bori za transparentnost,
13:35
and now it's fast becoming the norm and the law.
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i to sada brzo postaje norma i zakon.
13:39
Two thirds of the value
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1972
Dve trećine vrednosti
13:41
of the world's oil and mining companies
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2320
svetskih naftnih i rudarskih kompanija
13:43
are now covered by transparency laws. Two thirds.
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sada je pokriveno zakonima
o transparentnosti. Dve trećine.
o transparentnosti. Dve trećine.
13:47
So this is change happening.
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1473
Ovo je promena na delu.
13:48
This is progress.
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1890
Ovo je napredak.
13:50
But we're not there yet, by far.
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Ali još nismo tu, ni blizu.
13:53
Because it really isn't about corruption
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Ovde se zapravo ne radi o korupciji
13:56
somewhere over there, is it?
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tamo negde, zar ne?
13:58
In a globalized world, corruption
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U globalizovanom svetu,
14:00
is a truly globalized business,
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2263
korupcija je zaista globalizovan posao,
14:02
and one that needs global solutions,
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kome su potrebna globalna rešenja
14:04
supported and pushed by us all, as global citizens,
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koja podržavamo i guramo svi mi
kao globalni građani,
kao globalni građani,
14:08
right here.
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upravo ovde.
14:10
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activistCharmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources.
Why you should listen
Charmian Gooch co-founded the watchdog NGO Global Witness with colleagues Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley, in response to growing concerns over covert warfare funded by illicit trade in 1993. Since then, Global Witness has captured headlines for their exposé of "blood diamonds" in Uganda, of mineral exploitation in the Congo, of illegal timber trade between Cambodia and Thailand, and more. With unique expertise on the shadowy threads connecting corrupt businesses and governments, Global Witness continues its quest to uncover and root out the sources of exploitation.
In 2014, Gooch and Global Witness were awarded the $1 million TED Prize, along with the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, for their campaign to end anonymous companies. Gooch's TED Prize wish: for us to know who ultimately owns and controls companies and launch a new era of openness in business. Global Witness highlighted the importance of this issue in an investigation, aired on 60 Minutes, where they sent an undercover investigator into 13 New York law firms. The investigator posed as an adviser to a government minister in Africa and asked for thoughts on how to move money into the United States for a plane, a yacht and a brownstone. All but one firm offered advice.
The Panama Papers, released in April of 2016, further demonstrate the need for transparency. The papers paint a picture of how the rich and powerful around the world use offshore accounts and anonymous companies to move money. "This secretive world is being opened up to global public scrutiny," said Gooch, on the day the papers were released.
Charmian Gooch | Speaker | TED.com