ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Full - Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering.

Why you should listen

UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full is fascinated by the motion of creatures like cockroaches, crabs and geckos having many legs, unusual feet or talented tails. He has led an effort to demonstrate the value of learning from Nature by the creating interdisciplinary collaborations of biologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists from academia and industry. He founded CiBER, the Center for interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research, and the Poly-PEDAL Laboratory, which studies the Performance, Energetics and Dynamics of Animal Locomotion (PEDAL) in many-footed creatures (Poly).

His research shows how studying a diversity of animals leads to the discovery of general principles which inspire the design of novel circuits, artificial muscles, exoskeletons, versatile scampering legged search-and-rescue robots and synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesives based on gecko feet. He is passionate about discovery-based education leading to innovation -- and he even helped Pixar’s insect animations in the film A Bug's Life.

More profile about the speaker
Robert Full | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Robert Full: The secrets of nature's grossest creatures, channeled into robots

Robert Ful (Robert Full): Tajne najodvratnijih stvorenja u prirodi, primenjene na robote

Filmed:
1,286,255 views

Kako da roboti nauče da budu stabilni na neravnom terenu, hodaju izvrnuti na leđa, izvode gimnastičke manevre u vazduhu ili naleću na zidove bez oštećenja? Robert Ful istražuje neverovatno telo bubašvabe ne bi li otkrio šta robotika može da nauči iz njega.
- Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Even nature'sприрода mostнајвише disgustingодвратан creaturesстворења
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Čak i najodvratnija stvorenja
00:15
have importantважно secretsтајне,
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kriju bitne tajne,
00:18
but who would want a swarmRoj of cockroachesbuba
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ali ko bi želeo da naleti
00:19
comingдолазе towardsка them?
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na roj bubašvaba?
Jedna od najbitnijih razlika
između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija
00:21
YetJoš one of the greatestнајвећи differencesРазлике
betweenизмеђу naturalприродно and humanљудско technologiesтехнологије
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00:24
relatesодноси се to robustnessčvrstini.
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se odnosi na izdržljivost.
00:26
RobustRobusno systemsсистема are stableстабилна in complexкомплекс
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Izdržljivi sistemi ostaju stabilni
00:29
and newново environmentsокружења.
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u novim i složenim okolnostima.
Neverovatno je
što se bubašvabe stabilizuju
00:31
RemarkablyIzuzetno, cockroachesbuba can self-stabilizeSamo-stabilizovati
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00:32
runningтрчање over roughгрубо terrainteren.
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dok prelaze neravan teren.
Kad na njih stavimo mlazni ranac
00:34
When we put a jetмлазни packпаковање on them,
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00:35
or give them a perturbationpometnja like an earthquakeземљотрес,
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ili ih protresemo poput zemljotresa,
00:37
we discoveredоткривени that theirњихова wonderfullyпрекрасно tunedподешен legsноге
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otkrivamo da zbog fino podešenih nogu
00:40
allowдозволите them to self-stabilizeSamo-stabilizovati
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mogu da stabilizuju telo
00:42
withoutбез usingКористећи any of theirњихова brainpowerbiti pribran.
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bez korišćenja mozga.
00:45
They can go over complexкомплекс terrainteren like grassтрава,
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Mogu bez nestabilnosti da prelaze
00:49
no problemпроблем, and not get destabilizeddestabilizovali.
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preko neravnih terena, kao što je trava.
00:51
We discoveredоткривени a newново behaviorпонашање where,
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Otkrili smo
00:52
because of theirњихова shapeоблик,
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da se zbog oblika tela
00:53
they actuallyзаправо rollролл automaticallyаутоматски to theirњихова sideстрана
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automatski okreću na stranu
00:55
to go throughкроз this artificialвештачки testтест bitмало of grassтрава.
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kako bi prošle kroz ovu veštačku travu.
00:59
RobustRobusno systemsсистема can performизводити multipleвише tasksзадатке
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Izdržljivi sistemi
su u stanju da obavljaju
01:02
with the sameисти structureструктура.
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mnoge zadatke bez promene u građi.
01:04
Here'sEvo a newново behaviorпонашање we'veми смо discoveredоткривени.
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Evo još nečeg što smo otkrili.
01:06
The animalsЖивотиње rapidlyбрзо invertObrni and disappearнестати
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Umeju da se brzo izvrnu i nestanu,
01:08
in lessмање than 150 millisecondsmilisekundi — you never see them —
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za manje od 150 milisekundi
- ne mogu se ni videti -
01:10
usingКористећи the sameисти structuresструктуре that
they use to runтрцати, theirњихова legsноге.
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uz pomoć nogu, koje koriste za trčanje.
01:12
They can runтрцати upsideгоре down
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U stanju su i da veoma brzo trče
01:14
very rapidlyбрзо on rodsштапови, branchesgrane and wiresжице,
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dok su izvrnute na štapovima,
granama ili žicama,
01:17
and if you perturbperturb one of those branchesgrane,
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a ako protresete neku od tih grana,
01:19
they can do this.
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umeju i ovo.
Umeju da izvode gimnastičke manevre
01:20
They can performизводити gymnasticakrobatski maneuversManevri
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01:22
like no robotробот we have yetјош увек.
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koje nijedan robot
trenutno nije u stanju da izvede.
01:24
And they have nearlyскоро unlimitedнеограничено
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Imaju gotovo bezgraničnu
manevarsku sposobnost
01:26
maneuverabilitypokretnost with that sameисти structureструктура
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bez promena u građi
01:29
and unprecedentedбез преседана accessприступ to a varietyсорта
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i samim tim imaju pristup
01:33
of differentразличит areasобласти.
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najrazličitijim sredinama.
01:37
They have wingsкрила for flyingлети when they get warmтопло,
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Poseduju krila kojima lete kad se ugreju,
01:40
but they use those sameисти wingsкрила to flipфлип over
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ali i njima mogu da se i okrenu
01:42
if they get destabilizeddestabilizovali.
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ako padnu na leđa.
01:46
Very effectiveефикасан.
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Veoma efektivno.
01:47
RobustRobusno systemsсистема are alsoтакође faultkrivica toleranttolerantni and fail-safeSigurnosna.
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Izdržljivi sistemi uz sve ovo
tolerišu i nedostatke.
01:51
This is the footстопала of a cockroachžohar.
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Ovo je stopalo bubašvabe.
01:52
It has spinesbodlje, glueygluey padsjastučića and clawskandže,
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Na njemu se nalaze bodlje,
lepljivi jastučići i kandže,
01:55
but if you take off those feetстопала,
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ali ako im odsečete stopala,
01:57
they can still go over roughгрубо terrainteren,
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mogu gotovo istom brzinom
01:58
like the bottomдно videoвидео that you see,
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da prelaze neravan teren,
02:00
withoutбез hardlyтешко slowingуспоравање down. ExtraordinaryIzvanredno.
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kao što se može videti na donjem snimku.
Neverovatno.
02:04
They can runтрцати up meshмрежа withoutбез theirњихова feetстопала.
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Mogu da trče uz mrežu bez stopala.
02:07
Here'sEvo an animalживотиња usingКористећи a normalнормално, alternatingNaizmenično tripodtronožac:
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Ova vrsta naizmenično koristi
tri upravne noge:
02:09
threeтри legsноге, threeтри legsноге, threeтри legsноге,
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tri, po tri, po tri,
02:11
but in natureприрода, the insectsинсекти oftenчесто have lostизгубљено theirњихова legsноге.
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ali u prirodi se često dešava
da insekt izgubi noge.
02:14
Here'sEvo one movingкретање with two middleсредина legsноге goneотишла.
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Evo jedne koja se kreće
bez dve srednje noge.
02:18
It can even loseизгубити threeтри legsноге, in a tripodtronožac,
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Ukoliko izgubi grupu od tri noge,
02:21
and adoptусвојити a newново gaitгаит, a hoppingulaze gaitгаит.
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počinje da se kreće na drugačiji način,
da skakuće.
02:25
And I pointтачка out that all of these videosвидеос
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Moram da naglasim da su svi ovi snimci
02:27
are slowedusporen down 20 timesпута,
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usporeni 20 puta,
02:29
so they're actuallyзаправо really fastбрзо, when you see this.
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tako da su u stvarnosti veoma brze.
02:31
RobustRobusno systemsсистема are alsoтакође damageштета resistantотпорна.
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Izdržljivi sistemi su i otporni na štetu.
02:34
Here'sEvo an animalживотиња climbingпењање up a wallзид.
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Ova bubašvaba se penje uza zid.
02:36
It looksизглед like a rapidбрзо, smoothглатко, verticalвертикала climbпопети се,
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Izgleda kao brz i gladak uspon,
02:39
but when you slowспор it down,
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ali kada se snimak uspori,
02:40
you see something very differentразличит.
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vidi se da je znatno drugačije.
02:42
Here'sEvo what they do.
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Zapravo ovo rade.
02:44
They intentionallyНамерно have a
head-ondirektno collisionsudar with the wallзид
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Namerno se sudare sa zidom,
02:47
so they don't slowспор down and can transitionпрелаз up it
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kako bi bez usporavanja mogle da se popnu
02:49
in 75 millisecondsmilisekundi.
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za 75 milisekundi.
02:52
And they can do this in partдео because they have
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Ovo je delom moguće zbog
02:53
extraordinaryизузетно exoskeletonsegzoskeletom.
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njihovog izuzetnog egzoskeleta.
02:55
And they're really just madeмаде up of compliantusaglašen jointszglobova
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Sačinjen je od ploča i cevi
02:59
that are tubesцеви and platestablice
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koje su međusobno povezane
03:01
connectedповезан to one anotherдруги.
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gipkim zglobovima.
03:03
Here'sEvo a dissectionseciranje of an abdomenстомак of a cockroachžohar.
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Ovo je secirani abdomen bubašvabe.
03:05
You see these platestablice, and you
see the compliantusaglašen membraneмембрана.
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Ovo su ploče, a ovo vezivna membrana.
03:09
My engineeringинжењеринг colleagueколега at BerkeleyBerkeley
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Moj kolega, inženjer sa Berklija
03:12
designedдизајниран with his studentsстуденти
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je sa svojim studentima
03:13
a novelРоман manufacturingпроизводња techniqueтехника
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osmislio novu tehniku proizvodnje,
03:15
where you essentiallyУ суштини origamiorigami the exoskeletonegzoskelet,
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kod koje se egzoskelet sklapa kao origami.
03:18
you laserласер cutрез it, laminatelaminat it,
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Iseče se laserom, plastificira
03:20
and you foldфолд it up into a robotробот.
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i sklopi u robota.
03:22
And you can do that now in lessмање than 15 minutesминута.
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To se sad može završiti za 15 minuta.
03:28
These robotsроботи, calledпозвани DASHCRTA,
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Ovi roboti, zvani DASH,
03:30
for DynamicDinamički AutonomousAutonomni SprawledProstrli HexapodHexapod,
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što je skraćenica za
dinamičke autonomne šestonoge gmizavce,
03:33
are highlyвисоко compliantusaglašen robotsроботи,
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su izuzetno savitljivi,
03:36
and they're remarkablyизванредно robustробустан as a resultрезултат
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i zbog toga
03:39
of these featuresКарактеристике.
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su veoma izdržljivi.
03:41
They're certainlyсигурно incrediblyневероватно damageштета resistantотпорна.
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Sigurno je da su
izuzetno otporni na oštećenja.
03:47
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:51
They even have some of the
behaviorsпонашања of the cockroachesbuba.
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Čak se i ponašaju poput bubašvaba.
03:53
So they can use theirњихова smartпаметан, compliantusaglašen bodyтело
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Dobro konstruisano i savitljivo telo
03:55
to transitionпрелаз up a wallзид
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im omogućava da se bez poteškoća
03:58
in a very simpleједноставно way.
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penju uz zidove.
04:01
They even have some of the beginningsпочетки
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04:02
of the rapidбрзо inversioninverzije behaviorпонашање
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Čak su počeli da uče
04:04
where they disappearнестати.
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da se brzo izvrću i nestaju.
04:07
Now we want to know why they can go anywhereбило где.
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Zanimalo nas je kako bubašvabe
uspevaju svuda da se provuku.
04:08
We discoveredоткривени that they can go throughкроз
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04:10
three-millimeter3 mm gapsпразнине,
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Otkrili smo da su u stanju
04:11
the heightвисина of two penniespenije, two stackednaslagano penniespenije,
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da prođu kroz prostor od tri milimetra,
debljine dva novčića
i za to vreme
04:14
and when they do this,
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04:15
they can actuallyзаправо runтрцати throughкроз those confinedzatvoren spacesпросторе
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zapravo veoma brzo
04:17
at highвисоко speedsбрзине,
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trče kroz taj skučen prostor,
04:19
althoughиако you never see it.
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iako se to ne vidi.
04:22
To understandРазумем it better,
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Da bismo ovo bolje razumeli,
04:23
we did a CTCT scanскенирање of the exoskeletonegzoskelet
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CT skenerom smo snimili egzoskelet
04:25
and showedпоказао that they can compressкомпресовати theirњихова bodyтело
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i videli smo da su u stanju
da sabiju telo i više od 40 posto.
04:27
by over 40 percentпроценат.
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04:30
We put them in a materialsматеријали testingтестирање machineмашина
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Ispitali smo ih u mašini
04:31
to look at the stressстрес strainстраин analysisанализа
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za testiranje materijala
04:33
and showedпоказао that they can withstandиздржи forcesсиле
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i saznali da mogu da izdrže
04:36
800 timesпута theirњихова bodyтело weightтежина,
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800 puta veći pritisak od svoje težine
04:37
and after this they can flyлети and runтрцати
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i da nakon toga trče i lete
04:39
absolutelyапсолутно normallyнормално.
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bez ikakvih problema.
04:41
So you never know where
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Znači da se nikad ne zna
04:43
curiosity-basedzasnovane na radoznalosti researchистраживање will leadолово,
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gde istraživanje iz radoznalosti
može da odvede,
04:46
and somedayједног дана you mayможе want a swarmRoj
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tako da možda nekad poželite
04:48
of cockroach-inspiredDa li je inspirisalo žohar robotsроботи
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da naletite na roj robota
04:50
to come at you.
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nalik bubašvabama.
04:52
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
04:59
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:01
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Aleksandar Kovačević
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Full - Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering.

Why you should listen

UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full is fascinated by the motion of creatures like cockroaches, crabs and geckos having many legs, unusual feet or talented tails. He has led an effort to demonstrate the value of learning from Nature by the creating interdisciplinary collaborations of biologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists from academia and industry. He founded CiBER, the Center for interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research, and the Poly-PEDAL Laboratory, which studies the Performance, Energetics and Dynamics of Animal Locomotion (PEDAL) in many-footed creatures (Poly).

His research shows how studying a diversity of animals leads to the discovery of general principles which inspire the design of novel circuits, artificial muscles, exoskeletons, versatile scampering legged search-and-rescue robots and synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesives based on gecko feet. He is passionate about discovery-based education leading to innovation -- and he even helped Pixar’s insect animations in the film A Bug's Life.

More profile about the speaker
Robert Full | Speaker | TED.com