TED2014
Robert Full: The secrets of nature's grossest creatures, channeled into robots
Robert Full: Tajna najodvratnijih bića u prirodi, pretočena u robote
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Kako roboti mogu naučiti stabilizirati se na teškom terenu, hodati naglavačke, raditi gimnastičke manevre u zraku i zalijetati se u zidove bez da se ozlijede?
Robert Full proučava nevjerojatno tijelo žohara kako bi pokazao što može poučiti robotske inžinjere.
Robert Full - Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering. Full bio
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Even nature's most disgusting creatures
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Čak i najodvratnija stvorenja u prirodi
00:15
have important secrets,
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imaju bitne tajne,
00:18
but who would want a swarm of cockroaches
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ali tko bi želio roj žohara
00:19
coming towards them?
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da hrli ka njemu?
00:21
Yet one of the greatest differences
between natural and human technologies
between natural and human technologies
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Jedna od najvećih razlika
između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija
između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija
00:24
relates to robustness.
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se odnosi na robusnost.
00:26
Robust systems are stable in complex
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Robusni sustavi su stabilni u složenim
00:29
and new environments.
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i novim okolinama.
00:31
Remarkably, cockroaches can self-stabilize
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Upečatljivo, žohari se mogu
samostablizirati
samostablizirati
00:32
running over rough terrain.
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trčeći preko grubog terena.
00:34
When we put a jet pack on them,
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Kada na njih stavimo jet pack
00:35
or give them a perturbation like an earthquake,
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ili im smetamo poput potresa,
00:37
we discovered that their wonderfully tuned legs
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otkrili smo da im njihove
prekrasno podešene noge
prekrasno podešene noge
00:40
allow them to self-stabilize
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omogućuju da se samostabiliziraju
00:42
without using any of their brainpower.
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bez da koriste išta svoje snage mozga.
00:45
They can go over complex terrain like grass,
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Mogu šetati preko složenih
terena kao što je trava,
terena kao što je trava,
00:49
no problem, and not get destabilized.
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bez problema, i ne budu destabilizirani.
00:51
We discovered a new behavior where,
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Otkrili smo novo ponašanje gdje,
00:52
because of their shape,
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zbog svog oblika,
00:53
they actually roll automatically to their side
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oni se automatski prevrnu na bok
00:55
to go through this artificial test bit of grass.
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kako bi prošli kroz ovu
umjetnu testnu travu.
umjetnu testnu travu.
00:59
Robust systems can perform multiple tasks
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Robusni sustavi mogu
obavljati više zadataka
obavljati više zadataka
01:02
with the same structure.
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s istom strukturom.
01:04
Here's a new behavior we've discovered.
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Ovdje je novo ponašanje koje smo otkrili.
01:06
The animals rapidly invert and disappear
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Životinje se brzo obrnu i nestanu
01:08
in less than 150 milliseconds — you never see them —
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u manje od 150 milisekundi -
nikad ih ne vidite -
nikad ih ne vidite -
01:10
using the same structures that
they use to run, their legs.
they use to run, their legs.
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koristeći iste strukture koje koriste
za trčanje, svoje noge.
za trčanje, svoje noge.
01:12
They can run upside down
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Mogu trčati naglavce
01:14
very rapidly on rods, branches and wires,
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vrlo brzo na štapovima, granama i žicama,
01:17
and if you perturb one of those branches,
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i ako izmjenimo jednu od tih grana,
01:19
they can do this.
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oni mogu učiniti ovo.
01:20
They can perform gymnastic maneuvers
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Mogu raditi gimnastičke manevre
01:22
like no robot we have yet.
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koje ne može nijedan robot kojeg imamo.
01:24
And they have nearly unlimited
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I imaju gotovo neograničenu
01:26
maneuverability with that same structure
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pokretljivost sa istom tom strukturom
01:29
and unprecedented access to a variety
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i nepremašan pristup mnogim
01:33
of different areas.
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različitim područjima.
01:37
They have wings for flying when they get warm,
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Imaju krila kako bi letjeli
kada se zagriju,
kada se zagriju,
01:40
but they use those same wings to flip over
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ali koriste ta krila i kako bi se okrenuli
01:42
if they get destabilized.
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ako se destabiliziraju.
01:46
Very effective.
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Vrlo učinkovito.
01:47
Robust systems are also fault tolerant and fail-safe.
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Robusni sustavi toleriraju greške
i sigurni su od prekida rada.
i sigurni su od prekida rada.
01:51
This is the foot of a cockroach.
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Ovo je stopalo žohara.
01:52
It has spines, gluey pads and claws,
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Ima bodlje, ljepljive pločice i kandže,
01:55
but if you take off those feet,
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ali ako uklonite jednu nogu,
01:57
they can still go over rough terrain,
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oni se i dalje mogu kretati
preko teškog terena,
preko teškog terena,
01:58
like the bottom video that you see,
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kao u snimci koji vidite,
02:00
without hardly slowing down. Extraordinary.
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bez da se imalo uspore. Nevjerojatno.
02:04
They can run up mesh without their feet.
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Mogu trčati uz mrežu bez nogu.
02:07
Here's an animal using a normal, alternating tripod:
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Ovdje je životinja koja koristi normalni,
izmjenjujući tronožac:
izmjenjujući tronožac:
02:09
three legs, three legs, three legs,
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tri noge, tri noge, tri noge,
02:11
but in nature, the insects often have lost their legs.
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ali u prirodi, insekti često izgube noge.
02:14
Here's one moving with two middle legs gone.
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Ovdje je jedan koji se kreće
bez dvije središnje noge.
bez dvije središnje noge.
02:18
It can even lose three legs, in a tripod,
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Može čak izgubiti i tri noge, u tronošca,
02:21
and adopt a new gait, a hopping gait.
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i prihvatiti novi hod, poskakivajući hod.
02:25
And I point out that all of these videos
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I napominjem da su sve ove snimke
02:27
are slowed down 20 times,
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usporeni 20 puta,
02:29
so they're actually really fast, when you see this.
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tako da su zapravo jako brzi,
kada to vidite.
kada to vidite.
02:31
Robust systems are also damage resistant.
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Robusni sustavi su otporni i na štetu.
02:34
Here's an animal climbing up a wall.
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Ovdje je životinja koja se penje uza zid.
02:36
It looks like a rapid, smooth, vertical climb,
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Izgleda kao brz, gladak, vertikalni uspon,
02:39
but when you slow it down,
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ali kada to usporite,
02:40
you see something very different.
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vidite nešto potpuno drugačije.
02:42
Here's what they do.
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Evo što čine.
02:44
They intentionally have a
head-on collision with the wall
head-on collision with the wall
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Namjerno se zabijaju glavom u zid
02:47
so they don't slow down and can transition up it
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tako da ne uspore i mogu se
nastaviti kretati uz njega
nastaviti kretati uz njega
02:49
in 75 milliseconds.
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u 75 milisekundi.
02:52
And they can do this in part because they have
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I to djelomično mogu činiti jer imaju
02:53
extraordinary exoskeletons.
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nevjerojatne vanjske egzoskelete.
02:55
And they're really just made up of compliant joints
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I zapravo su napravljeni
od prilagodljivih zglobova
od prilagodljivih zglobova
02:59
that are tubes and plates
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koji su cijevi i pločice
03:01
connected to one another.
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povezane jedne s drugima.
03:03
Here's a dissection of an abdomen of a cockroach.
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Ovo je disekcija abdomena žohara.
03:05
You see these plates, and you
see the compliant membrane.
see the compliant membrane.
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Ovdje vidite pločice
i prilagodljivu membranu.
i prilagodljivu membranu.
03:09
My engineering colleague at Berkeley
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Moj kolega inžinjer s Berkeleya
03:12
designed with his students
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dizajnirao je sa svojim studentima
03:13
a novel manufacturing technique
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novu tehnologiju proizvodnje
03:15
where you essentially origami the exoskeleton,
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gdje u osnovi slažete egzoskelet
poput origamija,
poput origamija,
03:18
you laser cut it, laminate it,
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režete ga laserom, oblažete ga,
03:20
and you fold it up into a robot.
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i onda ga slažete u robota.
03:22
And you can do that now in less than 15 minutes.
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I možete to sada činiti
u manje od 15 minuta.
u manje od 15 minuta.
03:28
These robots, called DASH,
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Ovi roboti, nazvani DASH
03:30
for Dynamic Autonomous Sprawled Hexapod,
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kratica za Dinamički Autonomni
Opruženi (Sprawled) Heksapod,
Opruženi (Sprawled) Heksapod,
03:33
are highly compliant robots,
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su vrlo prilagodljivi roboti,
03:36
and they're remarkably robust as a result
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i oni su vrlo robusni kao rezultat
03:39
of these features.
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svih ovih karakteristika.
03:41
They're certainly incredibly damage resistant.
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Zasigurno su vrlo otporni na oštećivanje.
03:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:51
They even have some of the
behaviors of the cockroaches.
behaviors of the cockroaches.
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Čak imaju i neka ponašanja žohara.
03:53
So they can use their smart, compliant body
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Tako da mogu koristiti
svoja pametna, prilagodljiva tijela
svoja pametna, prilagodljiva tijela
03:55
to transition up a wall
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da bi se penjali uza zid
03:58
in a very simple way.
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na vrlo jednostavan način.
04:01
They even have some of the beginnings
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Čak imaju i neke početke
04:02
of the rapid inversion behavior
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ponašanja brzog okreta
04:04
where they disappear.
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gdje nestaju.
04:07
Now we want to know why they can go anywhere.
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Sada želimo znati zašto mogu ići bilo gdje.
04:08
We discovered that they can go through
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Otkrili smo da mogu proći kroz
04:10
three-millimeter gaps,
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procjepe od tri milimetra,
04:11
the height of two pennies, two stacked pennies,
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visine dva novčića,
dva novčića jedan na drugom,
dva novčića jedan na drugom,
04:14
and when they do this,
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i kada to čine,
04:15
they can actually run through those confined spaces
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mogu zapravo trčati
kroz te skučene prostore
kroz te skučene prostore
04:17
at high speeds,
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velikim brzinama,
04:19
although you never see it.
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iako ih nikad ne vide.
04:22
To understand it better,
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Kako bismo bolje razumjeli,
04:23
we did a CT scan of the exoskeleton
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napravili smo CT sken egzoskeleta
04:25
and showed that they can compress their body
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i pokazali da mogu komprimirati svoje tijelo
04:27
by over 40 percent.
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za 40 posto.
04:30
We put them in a materials testing machine
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Stavili smo ih u uređaj
za testiranje materijala
za testiranje materijala
04:31
to look at the stress strain analysis
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da vidimo analizu naprezanja
04:33
and showed that they can withstand forces
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i pokazalo je da mogu izdržati sile
04:36
800 times their body weight,
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800 puta veće od svoje težine,
04:37
and after this they can fly and run
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i nakon toga mogu letjeti i trčati
04:39
absolutely normally.
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potpuno normalno.
04:41
So you never know where
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Tako da nikad ne znate gdje
04:43
curiosity-based research will lead,
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će nas istraživanje bazirano
na znatiželji odvesti,
na znatiželji odvesti,
04:46
and someday you may want a swarm
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i jednog dana ćete možda htjeti roj
04:48
of cockroach-inspired robots
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žoharima inspiriranih robota
04:50
to come at you.
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da vam priđu.
04:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:59
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:01
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Full - BiologistRobert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering.
Why you should listen
UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full is fascinated by the motion of creatures like cockroaches, crabs and geckos having many legs, unusual feet or talented tails. He has led an effort to demonstrate the value of learning from Nature by the creating interdisciplinary collaborations of biologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists from academia and industry. He founded CiBER, the Center for interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research, and the Poly-PEDAL Laboratory, which studies the Performance, Energetics and Dynamics of Animal Locomotion (PEDAL) in many-footed creatures (Poly).
His research shows how studying a diversity of animals leads to the discovery of general principles which inspire the design of novel circuits, artificial muscles, exoskeletons, versatile scampering legged search-and-rescue robots and synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesives based on gecko feet. He is passionate about discovery-based education leading to innovation -- and he even helped Pixar’s insect animations in the film A Bug's Life.
Robert Full | Speaker | TED.com