ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Full - Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering.

Why you should listen

UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full is fascinated by the motion of creatures like cockroaches, crabs and geckos having many legs, unusual feet or talented tails. He has led an effort to demonstrate the value of learning from Nature by the creating interdisciplinary collaborations of biologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists from academia and industry. He founded CiBER, the Center for interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research, and the Poly-PEDAL Laboratory, which studies the Performance, Energetics and Dynamics of Animal Locomotion (PEDAL) in many-footed creatures (Poly).

His research shows how studying a diversity of animals leads to the discovery of general principles which inspire the design of novel circuits, artificial muscles, exoskeletons, versatile scampering legged search-and-rescue robots and synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesives based on gecko feet. He is passionate about discovery-based education leading to innovation -- and he even helped Pixar’s insect animations in the film A Bug's Life.

More profile about the speaker
Robert Full | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Robert Full: The secrets of nature's grossest creatures, channeled into robots

Robert Full: Tajna najodvratnijih bića u prirodi, pretočena u robote

Filmed:
1,286,255 views

Kako roboti mogu naučiti stabilizirati se na teškom terenu, hodati naglavačke, raditi gimnastičke manevre u zraku i zalijetati se u zidove bez da se ozlijede? Robert Full proučava nevjerojatno tijelo žohara kako bi pokazao što može poučiti robotske inžinjere.
- Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Even nature'spriroda je mostnajviše disgustingodvratan creaturesstvorenja
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Čak i najodvratnija stvorenja u prirodi
00:15
have importantvažno secretstajne,
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imaju bitne tajne,
00:18
but who would want a swarmRoj of cockroachesžohari
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ali tko bi želio roj žohara
00:19
comingdolazak towardsza them?
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da hrli ka njemu?
00:21
YetJoš one of the greatestnajveći differencesRazlike
betweenizmeđu naturalprirodni and humanljudski technologiestehnologije
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Jedna od najvećih razlika
između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija
00:24
relatesodnosi to robustnessrobusnost.
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se odnosi na robusnost.
00:26
RobustRobustan systemssustavi are stablestabilan in complexkompleks
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Robusni sustavi su stabilni u složenim
00:29
and newnovi environmentsokruženja.
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i novim okolinama.
00:31
RemarkablyIzuzetno, cockroachesžohari can self-stabilizeSelf-stabilizirati
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Upečatljivo, žohari se mogu
samostablizirati
00:32
runningtrčanje over roughhrapav terrainterena.
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trčeći preko grubog terena.
00:34
When we put a jetmlaz packpaket on them,
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Kada na njih stavimo jet pack
00:35
or give them a perturbationperturbacija like an earthquakepotres,
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ili im smetamo poput potresa,
00:37
we discoveredotkriven that theirnjihov wonderfullypredivno tunedtuned legsnoge
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otkrili smo da im njihove
prekrasno podešene noge
00:40
allowdopustiti them to self-stabilizeSelf-stabilizirati
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omogućuju da se samostabiliziraju
00:42
withoutbez usingkoristeći any of theirnjihov brainpowerbrainpower.
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bez da koriste išta svoje snage mozga.
00:45
They can go over complexkompleks terrainterena like grasstrava,
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Mogu šetati preko složenih
terena kao što je trava,
00:49
no problemproblem, and not get destabilizeddestabiliziran.
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bez problema, i ne budu destabilizirani.
00:51
We discoveredotkriven a newnovi behaviorponašanje where,
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Otkrili smo novo ponašanje gdje,
00:52
because of theirnjihov shapeoblik,
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zbog svog oblika,
00:53
they actuallyzapravo rollsvitak automaticallyautomatsko to theirnjihov sidestrana
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oni se automatski prevrnu na bok
00:55
to go throughkroz this artificialUmjetna testtest bitbit of grasstrava.
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kako bi prošli kroz ovu
umjetnu testnu travu.
00:59
RobustRobustan systemssustavi can performizvesti multiplevišekratnik taskszadaci
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Robusni sustavi mogu
obavljati više zadataka
01:02
with the sameisti structurestruktura.
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s istom strukturom.
01:04
Here'sOvdje je a newnovi behaviorponašanje we'veimamo discoveredotkriven.
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Ovdje je novo ponašanje koje smo otkrili.
01:06
The animalsživotinje rapidlybrzo invertinvertni and disappearnestati
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Životinje se brzo obrnu i nestanu
01:08
in lessmanje than 150 millisecondsmilisekundi — you never see them —
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u manje od 150 milisekundi -
nikad ih ne vidite -
01:10
usingkoristeći the sameisti structuresstrukture that
they use to runtrčanje, theirnjihov legsnoge.
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koristeći iste strukture koje koriste
za trčanje, svoje noge.
01:12
They can runtrčanje upsidegore down
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Mogu trčati naglavce
01:14
very rapidlybrzo on rodsšipke, branchesgrane and wiresžice,
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vrlo brzo na štapovima, granama i žicama,
01:17
and if you perturbperturb one of those branchesgrane,
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i ako izmjenimo jednu od tih grana,
01:19
they can do this.
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oni mogu učiniti ovo.
01:20
They can performizvesti gymnasticgimnastika maneuversManevri
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Mogu raditi gimnastičke manevre
01:22
like no robotrobot we have yetjoš.
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koje ne može nijedan robot kojeg imamo.
01:24
And they have nearlyskoro unlimitedneograničen
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I imaju gotovo neograničenu
01:26
maneuverabilityupravljivost with that sameisti structurestruktura
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pokretljivost sa istom tom strukturom
01:29
and unprecedentedbez presedana accesspristup to a varietyraznolikost
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i nepremašan pristup mnogim
01:33
of differentdrugačiji areaspodručja.
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različitim područjima.
01:37
They have wingskrila for flyingleteći when they get warmtoplo,
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Imaju krila kako bi letjeli
kada se zagriju,
01:40
but they use those sameisti wingskrila to flipdrzak over
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ali koriste ta krila i kako bi se okrenuli
01:42
if they get destabilizeddestabiliziran.
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ako se destabiliziraju.
01:46
Very effectivedjelotvoran.
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Vrlo učinkovito.
01:47
RobustRobustan systemssustavi are alsotakođer faultgreška toleranttolerantni and fail-safesigurnosna.
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Robusni sustavi toleriraju greške
i sigurni su od prekida rada.
01:51
This is the footnoga of a cockroachžohar.
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Ovo je stopalo žohara.
01:52
It has spineskralježnica, glueyljepljiva padsjastučići and clawskandže,
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Ima bodlje, ljepljive pločice i kandže,
01:55
but if you take off those feetnoge,
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ali ako uklonite jednu nogu,
01:57
they can still go over roughhrapav terrainterena,
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oni se i dalje mogu kretati
preko teškog terena,
01:58
like the bottomdno videovideo that you see,
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kao u snimci koji vidite,
02:00
withoutbez hardlyjedva slowingusporavanje down. ExtraordinaryIzvanredne.
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bez da se imalo uspore. Nevjerojatno.
02:04
They can runtrčanje up meshmreža withoutbez theirnjihov feetnoge.
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Mogu trčati uz mrežu bez nogu.
02:07
Here'sOvdje je an animalživotinja usingkoristeći a normalnormalan, alternatingnaizmjenično tripodtronožac:
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Ovdje je životinja koja koristi normalni,
izmjenjujući tronožac:
02:09
threetri legsnoge, threetri legsnoge, threetri legsnoge,
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tri noge, tri noge, tri noge,
02:11
but in naturepriroda, the insectsinsekata oftenčesto have lostizgubljen theirnjihov legsnoge.
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ali u prirodi, insekti često izgube noge.
02:14
Here'sOvdje je one movingkreće with two middlesrednji legsnoge goneotišao.
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Ovdje je jedan koji se kreće
bez dvije središnje noge.
02:18
It can even loseizgubiti threetri legsnoge, in a tripodtronožac,
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Može čak izgubiti i tri noge, u tronošca,
02:21
and adoptposvojiti a newnovi gaithod, a hoppingBiciklistička ruta gaithod.
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i prihvatiti novi hod, poskakivajući hod.
02:25
And I pointtočka out that all of these videosvideo
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I napominjem da su sve ove snimke
02:27
are slowedusporen down 20 timesputa,
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usporeni 20 puta,
02:29
so they're actuallyzapravo really fastbrzo, when you see this.
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tako da su zapravo jako brzi,
kada to vidite.
02:31
RobustRobustan systemssustavi are alsotakođer damagešteta resistantotporan.
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Robusni sustavi su otporni i na štetu.
02:34
Here'sOvdje je an animalživotinja climbingpenjanje up a wallzid.
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Ovdje je životinja koja se penje uza zid.
02:36
It looksizgled like a rapidbrz, smoothglatko, nesmetano, verticalvertikala climbpopeti se,
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Izgleda kao brz, gladak, vertikalni uspon,
02:39
but when you slowusporiti it down,
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ali kada to usporite,
02:40
you see something very differentdrugačiji.
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vidite nešto potpuno drugačije.
02:42
Here'sOvdje je what they do.
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Evo što čine.
02:44
They intentionallynamjerno have a
head-onsprijeda collisionsudar with the wallzid
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Namjerno se zabijaju glavom u zid
02:47
so they don't slowusporiti down and can transitiontranzicija up it
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tako da ne uspore i mogu se
nastaviti kretati uz njega
02:49
in 75 millisecondsmilisekundi.
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u 75 milisekundi.
02:52
And they can do this in partdio because they have
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I to djelomično mogu činiti jer imaju
02:53
extraordinaryizvanredan exoskeletonsegzoskeletoni.
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nevjerojatne vanjske egzoskelete.
02:55
And they're really just madenapravljen up of compliantpopustljiv jointszglobova
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I zapravo su napravljeni
od prilagodljivih zglobova
02:59
that are tubescijevi and platesploče
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koji su cijevi i pločice
03:01
connectedpovezan to one anotherjoš.
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povezane jedne s drugima.
03:03
Here'sOvdje je a dissectiondisekcija of an abdomentrbuh of a cockroachžohar.
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Ovo je disekcija abdomena žohara.
03:05
You see these platesploče, and you
see the compliantpopustljiv membranemembrana.
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Ovdje vidite pločice
i prilagodljivu membranu.
03:09
My engineeringinženjering colleaguekolega at BerkeleyBerkeley
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Moj kolega inžinjer s Berkeleya
03:12
designedkonstruiran with his studentsstudenti
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dizajnirao je sa svojim studentima
03:13
a novelroman manufacturingproizvodnja techniquetehnika
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novu tehnologiju proizvodnje
03:15
where you essentiallyu srži origamiOrigami the exoskeletonoklop,
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gdje u osnovi slažete egzoskelet
poput origamija,
03:18
you laserlaser cutrez it, laminateLaminat it,
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režete ga laserom, oblažete ga,
03:20
and you foldpreklopiti it up into a robotrobot.
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i onda ga slažete u robota.
03:22
And you can do that now in lessmanje than 15 minutesminuta.
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I možete to sada činiti
u manje od 15 minuta.
03:28
These robotsroboti, calledzvao DASHCRTICA,
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Ovi roboti, nazvani DASH
03:30
for DynamicDinamičan AutonomousAutonomna SprawledSprawled HexapodHexapod,
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kratica za Dinamički Autonomni
Opruženi (Sprawled) Heksapod,
03:33
are highlyvisoko compliantpopustljiv robotsroboti,
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su vrlo prilagodljivi roboti,
03:36
and they're remarkablyizvanredno robustrobustan as a resultproizlaziti
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i oni su vrlo robusni kao rezultat
03:39
of these featuresznačajke.
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svih ovih karakteristika.
03:41
They're certainlysigurno incrediblynevjerojatno damagešteta resistantotporan.
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Zasigurno su vrlo otporni na oštećivanje.
03:47
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
03:51
They even have some of the
behaviorsponašanja of the cockroachesžohari.
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Čak imaju i neka ponašanja žohara.
03:53
So they can use theirnjihov smartpametan, compliantpopustljiv bodytijelo
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Tako da mogu koristiti
svoja pametna, prilagodljiva tijela
03:55
to transitiontranzicija up a wallzid
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da bi se penjali uza zid
03:58
in a very simplejednostavan way.
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na vrlo jednostavan način.
04:01
They even have some of the beginningspočeci
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Čak imaju i neke početke
04:02
of the rapidbrz inversionInverzija behaviorponašanje
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ponašanja brzog okreta
04:04
where they disappearnestati.
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gdje nestaju.
04:07
Now we want to know why they can go anywherebilo kuda.
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Sada želimo znati zašto mogu ići bilo gdje.
04:08
We discoveredotkriven that they can go throughkroz
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Otkrili smo da mogu proći kroz
04:10
three-millimeter3 mm gapspraznine,
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procjepe od tri milimetra,
04:11
the heightvisina of two penniesnovčana jedinica, two stackedsloženi penniesnovčana jedinica,
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visine dva novčića,
dva novčića jedan na drugom,
04:14
and when they do this,
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i kada to čine,
04:15
they can actuallyzapravo runtrčanje throughkroz those confinedograničena spacesprostori
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mogu zapravo trčati
kroz te skučene prostore
04:17
at highvisok speedsbrzine,
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velikim brzinama,
04:19
althoughiako you never see it.
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iako ih nikad ne vide.
04:22
To understandrazumjeti it better,
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Kako bismo bolje razumjeli,
04:23
we did a CTCT scanskenirati of the exoskeletonoklop
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napravili smo CT sken egzoskeleta
04:25
and showedpokazala that they can compressoblog theirnjihov bodytijelo
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i pokazali da mogu komprimirati svoje tijelo
04:27
by over 40 percentposto.
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za 40 posto.
04:30
We put them in a materialsmaterijali testingtestiranje machinemašina
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Stavili smo ih u uređaj
za testiranje materijala
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to look at the stressstres strainnaprezanje analysisanaliza
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da vidimo analizu naprezanja
04:33
and showedpokazala that they can withstandizdržati forcessnaga
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i pokazalo je da mogu izdržati sile
04:36
800 timesputa theirnjihov bodytijelo weighttežina,
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800 puta veće od svoje težine,
04:37
and after this they can flyletjeti and runtrčanje
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i nakon toga mogu letjeti i trčati
04:39
absolutelyapsolutno normallynormalno.
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potpuno normalno.
04:41
So you never know where
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Tako da nikad ne znate gdje
04:43
curiosity-basedZnatiželja-temeljen researchistraživanje will leaddovesti,
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će nas istraživanje bazirano
na znatiželji odvesti,
04:46
and somedayjednog dana you maysvibanj want a swarmRoj
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i jednog dana ćete možda htjeti roj
04:48
of cockroach-inspiredžohar-nadahnut robotsroboti
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žoharima inspiriranih robota
04:50
to come at you.
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da vam priđu.
04:52
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
04:59
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:01
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
Translated by Ivan Stamenkovic
Reviewed by Senzos Osijek

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Full - Biologist
Robert Full studies cockroach legs and gecko feet. His research is helping build tomorrow's robots, based on evolution's ancient engineering.

Why you should listen

UC Berkeley biologist Robert Full is fascinated by the motion of creatures like cockroaches, crabs and geckos having many legs, unusual feet or talented tails. He has led an effort to demonstrate the value of learning from Nature by the creating interdisciplinary collaborations of biologists, engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists from academia and industry. He founded CiBER, the Center for interdisciplinary Bio-inspiration in Education and Research, and the Poly-PEDAL Laboratory, which studies the Performance, Energetics and Dynamics of Animal Locomotion (PEDAL) in many-footed creatures (Poly).

His research shows how studying a diversity of animals leads to the discovery of general principles which inspire the design of novel circuits, artificial muscles, exoskeletons, versatile scampering legged search-and-rescue robots and synthetic self-cleaning dry adhesives based on gecko feet. He is passionate about discovery-based education leading to innovation -- and he even helped Pixar’s insect animations in the film A Bug's Life.

More profile about the speaker
Robert Full | Speaker | TED.com

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