Mission Blue Voyage
Brian Skerry: The ocean's glory -- and horror
Brajan Skeri otkriva sjaj okena - i strahote
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Fotograf Brajan Skeri (Brian Skerry) fotografiše život iznad i ispod talasa - kako sam kaže i užas i čaroliju okeana. Deleći zapanjujuće, intimne fotografije podvodnih stvorenja, pokazuje kako moćne fotografije mogu da pomognu da dođe do promene.
Brian Skerry - Photographer
Brian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans. Full bio
Brian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I would like to share with you this morning
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Voleo bih da podelim sa vama ovog jutra
00:19
some stories about the ocean
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neke priče o okeanu
00:21
through my work as a still photographer
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kroz moj rad kao fotografa
00:23
for National Geographic magazine.
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"National Geographic" magazina.
00:26
I guess I became an underwater photographer
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Pretpostavljam da sam postao podvodni fotograf
00:28
and a photojournalist
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i fotoreporter
00:30
because I fell in love with the sea as a child.
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zato što sam se zaljubio u more kao dete.
00:32
And I wanted to tell stories
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I hteo sam da ispričam priče
00:34
about all the amazing things I was seeing underwater,
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o svim divnim stvarima koja sam viđao pod vodom,
00:37
incredible wildlife and interesting behaviors.
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neverovatnom divljem svetu i zanimljivim ponašanjima.
00:40
And after even 30 years of doing this,
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I posle čak 30 godina ovog posla,
00:42
after 30 years of exploring the ocean,
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posle 30 godina istraživanja okeana,
00:44
I never cease to be amazed
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nikada na prestajem biti oduševljen
00:46
at the extraordinary encounters that I have while I'm at sea.
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izvanrednim susretima koje imam dok sam u moru.
00:49
But more and more frequently these days
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Ali sve češće ovih dana
00:51
I'm seeing terrible things underwater as well,
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takođe viđam užasne stvari pod vodom,
00:53
things that I don't think most people realize.
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stvari kojih mislim većina ljudi nije svesna.
00:56
And I've been compelled to turn my camera towards these issues
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I bio sam primoran da uperim svoj aparat prema ovim pitanjima
00:59
to tell a more complete story.
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kako bih ispričao potpuniju priču.
01:01
I want people to see what's happening underwater,
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Želim da ljudi vide šta se dešava ispod vode,
01:03
both the horror and the magic.
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oboje, užas i čaroliju.
01:06
The first story that I did for National Geographic,
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Prva priča koju sam napravio za "National Geographic",
01:08
where I recognized the ability to include
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gde sam prepoznao moć da uključim
01:10
environmental issues within a natural history coverage,
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pitanja životne sredine u okvir priče o istoriji prirode,
01:13
was a story I proposed on harp seals.
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bila je priča o belim fokama.
01:16
The story I wanted to do initially
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E sad, priča koju sam izvorno hteo da radim,
01:18
was just a small focus to look at the few weeks each year
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bila je samo mali pogled na par nedelja svake godine
01:21
where these animals migrate down from the Canadian arctic
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kada se ovo životinje sele sa kanadskog arktika
01:24
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada
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do St. Lawrence zaliva u Kanadi
01:26
to engage in courtship, mating and to have their pups.
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gde se udvaraju, pare i imaju mladunce.
01:29
And all of this is played out against
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A sve ovo se odigrava na
01:31
the backdrop of transient pack ice
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poleđini prelaznog leda
01:33
that moves with wind and tide.
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koji se pomera sa vetrom i plimom.
01:35
And because I'm an underwater photographer,
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I zato što sam ja podvodni fotograf,
01:37
I wanted to do this story from both above and below,
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hteo sam da uradim ovu priču sa obe strane, ispod i iznad,
01:39
to make pictures like this that show one of these little pups
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kako bih napravio slike poput ove koja prikazuje jedno od ovih malih mladunčadi
01:42
making its very first swim in the icy 29-degree water.
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koje prvi put pliva u ledenoj vodi.
01:45
But as I got more involved in the story,
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Ali što sam se više uplitao u ovu priču,
01:47
I realized that there were two big environmental issues I couldn't ignore.
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shvatio sam da postoje dva velika problema životne sredine koja nisam mogao da ignorišem.
01:50
The first was that these animals continue to be hunted,
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Prvi je da se ove životinje i dalje love,
01:53
killed with hakapiks at about eight, 15 days old.
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ubijaju se hakapikom sa osam, 15 dana starosti.
01:56
It actually is the largest marine mammal
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To je zapravo najveće klanje
01:58
slaughter on the planet,
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morskih sisara na planeti,
02:00
with hundreds of thousands of these seals being killed every year.
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sa stotinama i hiljadama ovih foki koje se ubijaju svake godine.
02:03
But as disturbing as that is,
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Ali koliko god da je to uznemirujuće,
02:05
I think the bigger problem for harp seals
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mislim da je veći problem za bele foke
02:07
is the loss of sea ice due to global warming.
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gubitak morskog leda zbog globalnog zagrevanja.
02:09
This is an aerial picture that I made that shows
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Ovo je fotografija iz vazduha koja prikazuje
02:11
the Gulf of St. Lawrence during harp seal season.
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St. Lawrence zaliv za vreme lova na bele foke.
02:14
And even though we see a lot of ice in this picture,
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I iako vidimo dosta leda na ovoj fotografiji,
02:16
there's a lot of water as well, which wasn't there historically.
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takođe ima i puno vode, koja nije bila tu istorijski gledano.
02:19
And the ice that is there is quite thin.
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A led je tu prilično tanak.
02:22
The problem is that these pups need a stable platform of solid ice
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Problem je što ova mladunčad trebaju stabilnu platformu čvrstog leda
02:25
in order to nurse from their moms.
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da bi se hranila kod svoje mame.
02:27
They only need 12 days from the moment they're born until they're on their own.
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Potrebno im je samo 12 dana od trenutka rođenja dok se ne osamostale.
02:30
But if they don't get 12 days,
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Ali ako ne dobiju 12 dana,
02:32
they can fall into the ocean and die.
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mogu da upadnu u okean i umru.
02:34
This is a photo that I made showing
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Ovo je fotografija koju sam napravio koja prikazuje
02:36
one of these pups that's only about five or seven days old --
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jedno od ovih mladunčadi koje ima samo 5 ili 7 dana -
02:38
still has a little bit of the umbilical cord on its belly --
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još uvek ima malo pupčane vrpce na stomaku -
02:40
that has fallen in because of the thin ice,
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koje je upalo zbog tankog leda,
02:42
and the mother is frantically trying to push it up to breathe
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a majka se ludački bori da ga gurne gore da diše
02:45
and to get it back to stable purchase.
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i da ga vrati na stabilnu podlogu.
02:47
This problem has continued to grow each year since I was there.
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Ovaj problem nastavlja da raste svake godine otkad sam tamo.
02:50
I read that last year the pup mortality rate
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Pročitao sam da je, prošle godine, stopa smrtnosti mladunaca
02:52
was 100 percent in parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
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bila 100 posto u delovima zaliva St. Lawrence.
02:55
So, clearly, this species has a lot of problems going forward.
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Dakle, jasno je, ove vrste imaju mnogo problema u napredovanju.
02:58
This ended up becoming a cover story at National Geographic.
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Ovo je završilo kao nasovna priča u "National Geographic".
03:01
And it received quite a bit of attention.
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I dobila je poprilično pažnje.
03:03
And with that, I saw the potential to begin
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I sa tim, video sam potencijal da počnem
03:05
doing other stories about ocean problems.
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da radim druge priče o problemima okeana.
03:07
So I proposed a story on the global fish crisis,
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Predložio sam priču o globalnoj krizi ribe,
03:10
in part because I had personally witnessed
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delom zato što sam lično prisustvovao
03:13
a lot of degradation in the ocean over the last 30 years,
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mnogim degradacijama u okeanu za proteklih 30 godina,
03:15
but also because I read a scientific paper
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ali takođe zato što sam pročitao naučni članak
03:17
that stated that 90 percent of the big fish in the ocean
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koji je tvrdio da je 90 odsto velike ribe u okeanu
03:20
have disappeared in the last 50 or 60 years.
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nestalo za poslednjih 50 ili 60 godina.
03:22
These are the tuna, the billfish and the sharks.
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To su tuna, sabljarka i ajkule.
03:25
When I read that, I was blown away by those numbers.
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I kada sam to pročitao, bio sam zapanjen tim brojkama.
03:27
I thought this was going to be headline news in every media outlet,
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Mislio sam da će biti udarna vest u svim medijima.
03:30
but it really wasn't, so I wanted to do a story
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Ali zapravo nije, tako da sam hteo da uradim priču
03:33
that was a very different kind of underwater story.
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koja bi bila prilično drugačija vrsta podvodne priče.
03:36
I wanted it to be more like war photography,
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Hteo sam da bude više poput ratne fotografije,
03:38
where I was making harder-hitting pictures
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gde sam pravio fotografije teške za uhvatiti
03:40
that showed readers what was happening
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koje su pokazale čitaocima šta se događa
03:42
to marine wildlife around the planet.
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morskom divljem životu širom planete.
03:44
The first component of the story that I thought was essential, however,
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Prvi element priče za koji sam mislio da je najbitniji,
03:47
was to give readers a sense of appreciation
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bio je da dam čitaocima osećaj zahvalnosti
03:50
for the ocean animals that they were eating.
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za okeanske životinje koje su jeli.
03:52
You know, I think people go into a restaurant,
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Znate, mislim da ljudi odlaze u restoran,
03:54
and somebody orders a steak, and we all know where steak comes from,
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i neko naruči odrezak, i svi znamo odakle odrezak dolazi,
03:57
and somebody orders a chicken, and we know what a chicken is,
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i neko naruči piletinu, i mi znamo šta je piletina,
04:00
but when they're eating bluefin sushi,
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ali kada jedu suši,
04:02
do they have any sense of the magnificent animal that they're consuming?
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da li imaju bilo kakav osećaj o veličanstevnoj životinji koju jedu?
04:05
These are the lions and tigers of the sea.
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Ovo su lavovi i tigrovi mora.
04:08
In reality, these animals have no terrestrial counterpart;
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U stvarnosti, ove životinje nemaju kopnene kolege,
04:10
they're unique in the world.
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jedinstveni su na svetu.
04:12
These are animals that can practically swim
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Ovo su životinje koje praktično mogu da plivaju
04:14
from the equator to the poles
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od ekvatora do polova
04:16
and can crisscross entire oceans in the course of a year.
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i mogu da preseku čitave okeane za godinu dana.
04:19
If we weren't so efficient at catching them, because they grow their entire life,
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Da nismo toliko efikasni u njihovom hvatanju, zato što rastu čitavog života,
04:22
would have 30-year-old bluefin out there that weigh a ton.
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imali bismo tridesetogodišnje plave tune koje bi bile tonu teške.
04:24
But the truth is we're way too efficient at catching them,
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Ali istina je da smo suviše efikasni u njihovom hvatanju,
04:27
and their stocks have collapsed worldwide.
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i njihove zalihe su propale širom sveta.
04:29
This is the daily auction at the Tsukiji Fish Market
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Ovo je svakodnevica na Cukiji ribljoj pijaci
04:31
that I photographed a couple years ago.
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koju sam fotografisao pre par godina.
04:33
And every single day these tuna, bluefin like this,
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I svakoga dana ova tuna, plava tuna poput ove,
04:36
are stacked up like cordwood,
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biva naslagana poput cepanica,
04:38
just warehouse after warehouse.
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skladište nakon skladišta.
04:40
As I wandered around and made these pictures,
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I dok sam tako lutao i pravio ove fotografije,
04:42
it sort of occurred to me that the ocean's not a grocery store, you know.
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nekako sam shvatio da okean nije prodavnica, znate.
04:45
We can't keep taking without expecting
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Ne možemo da nastavimo da uzimamo bez očekivanja
04:47
serious consequences as a result.
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ozbiljnih posledica kao rezultat.
04:50
I also, with the story, wanted to show readers
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Takođe sam, pored priče, hteo da pokažem čitaocima
04:52
how fish are caught, some of the methods that are used to catch fish,
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kako se riba hvata, neke od načina na koji se riba hvata,
04:55
like a bottom trawler, which is one of the most common methods in the world.
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poput mreže na dnu, koja je najčešći način hvatanja ribe na svetu.
04:58
This was a small net that was being used in Mexico to catch shrimp,
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Ovo je mala mreža korišćena u Meksiku za hvatanje škampa,
05:01
but the way it works is essentially the same everywhere in the world.
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ali način na koji radi je u osnovi isti svuda na svetu.
05:04
You have a large net in the middle
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Imate veliku mrežu u sredini
05:06
with two steel doors on either end.
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sa dvema čeličnim vratima na svakom kraju.
05:08
And as this assembly is towed through the water,
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I dok se ova konstrukcija vuče kroz vodu,
05:10
the doors meet resistance with the ocean,
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vrata se susreću sa otporom okeana,
05:12
and it opens the mouth of the net,
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i otvaraju se usta mreže,
05:14
and they place floats at the top and a lead line on the bottom.
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koja ima plovke na vrhu i olovo na dnu.
05:17
And this just drags over the bottom, in this case to catch shrimp.
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I ovo se jednostavno vuče po dnu, u ovom slučaju da uhvati škampe.
05:20
But as you can imagine, it's catching everything else in its path as well.
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Ali kao što možete da zamislite, hvata takođe sve ostalo u svoju mrežu.
05:23
And it's destroying that precious benthic community on the bottom,
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I uništava tu dragocenu zajednicu na dnu,
05:26
things like sponges and corals,
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stvari poput sunđera i korala,
05:28
that critical habitat for other animals.
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kritično stanište za druge životinje.
05:30
This photograph I made of the fisherman
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Ovu fotografju sam napravio dok ribar
05:33
holding the shrimp that he caught after towing his nets for one hour.
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drži škampe koje je uhvatio nakon što je vukao svoju mrežu sat vremena.
05:36
So he had a handful of shrimp, maybe seven or eight shrimp,
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Dakle imao je šaku punu škampa, možda sedam ili osam komada,
05:38
and all those other animals on the deck of the boat are bycatch.
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i sve te druge životinje na palubi broda su sporedni ulov.
05:41
These are animals that died in the process,
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Ovo su životinje koje uginu tokom procesa,
05:43
but have no commercial value.
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ali nemaju nikakvu komercijalnu vrednost.
05:45
So this is the true cost of a shrimp dinner,
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Dakle ovo je prava cena škampa za večeru,
05:47
maybe seven or eight shrimp
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možda sedam ili osam škampa
05:49
and 10 pounds of other animals that had to die in the process.
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i 5 kg drugih životinja koje su morale da uginu u tom procesu.
05:52
And to make that point even more visual, I swam under the shrimp boat
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I da bih to još više naglasio, otplivao sam ispod broda za škampe
05:55
and made this picture of the guy shoveling
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i napravio fotografiju ovog momka koji baca
05:57
this bycatch into the sea as trash
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ovaj ulov nazad u more kao otpad
05:59
and photographed this cascade of death,
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i fotografisao sam ovaj slap smrti,
06:01
you know, animals like guitarfish, bat rays,
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znate, životinje poput raža, ražopsa,
06:04
flounder, pufferfish, that only an hour before,
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list ribe, napuhača, koje su samo sat ranije,
06:07
were on the bottom of the ocean, alive,
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bile na dnu okeana, žive,
06:09
but now being thrown back as trash.
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a sada bačene nazad kao otpad.
06:11
I also wanted to focus on the shark fishing industry
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Takođe sam hteo da se fokusiram na industriju lova na ajkule
06:14
because, currently on planet Earth,
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jer, trenutno na palneti zemlji,
06:16
we're killing over 100 million sharks
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ubijamo više od 100 miliona ajkula
06:18
every single year.
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svake godine.
06:20
But before I went out to photograph this component,
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Ali pre nego što sam otišao da fotografišem ovu komponentu,
06:22
I sort of wrestled with the notion of how do you make a picture of a dead shark
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borio sam se sa idejom kako da napravim sliku mrtve ajkule
06:25
that will resonate with readers
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koja će čitaocima ostati u pamćenju.
06:27
You know, I think there's still a lot of people out there who think
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Znate, mislim da još uvek ima mnogo ljudi tamo koji misle
06:29
the only good shark is a dead shark.
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da je dobra ajkula jedino mrtva ajkula.
06:31
But this one morning I jumped in and found this thresher
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I ovog jutra sam skočio u vodu i našao ovu morsku lisicu
06:33
that had just recently died in the gill net.
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koja je nedavno uginula u ovoj ribarskoj mreži.
06:35
And with its huge pectoral fins and eyes still very visible,
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I sa ogromnim bočnim perajima i vrlo vidnim očima,
06:38
it struck me as sort of a crucifixion, if you will.
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podsetilo me na neku vrstu raspeća.
06:41
This ended up being the lead picture
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Ovo je završilo kao vodeća fotografija
06:43
in the global fishery story in National Geographic.
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u globalnoj ribarskoj priči u "National Geographic".
06:45
And I hope that it helped readers to take notice
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I nadam se da je pomogla čitaocima da primete
06:47
of this problem of 100 million sharks.
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ovaj problem od 100 miliona ajkula.
06:50
And because I love sharks -- I'm somewhat obsessed with sharks --
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I zato što volim ajkule - ja sam na neki način njima opsednut -
06:53
I wanted to do another, more celebratory, story about sharks,
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hteo sam da napravim još jednu priču o ajkulama, više slavljeničku,
06:55
as a way of talking about the need for shark conservation.
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kao način da se govori o važnosti očuvanja ajkula.
06:58
So I went to the Bahamas
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Tako sam otišao na Bahame
07:00
because there're very few places in the world
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jer postoji samo par mesta na svetu
07:02
where sharks are doing well these days,
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gde ajkulama ide dobro ovih dana,
07:04
but the Bahamas seem to be a place where stocks were reasonably healthy,
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ali čini se da su Bahami mesto gde su zalihe razumno zdrave,
07:07
largely due to the fact that the government there
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uglavnom zbog činjenice da je vlada tamo
07:10
had outlawed longlining several years ago.
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zabranila ribolov parangalom pre nekoliko godina.
07:12
And I wanted to show several species
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I hteo sam da prikažem više vrsta
07:14
that we hadn't shown much in the magazine and worked in a number of locations.
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koje nismo mnogo prikazali u časopisu radeći na više lokacija.
07:17
One of the locations was this place called Tiger Beach,
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Jedna od lokacija je bila ta plaža nazvana Tigar plaža,
07:20
in the northern Bahamas where tiger sharks
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u severnom delu Bahama gde se tigar ajkule
07:22
aggregate in shallow water.
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sakupljaju u plitkoj vodi.
07:24
This is a low-altitude photograph that I made
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Ova fotografija sa male visine
07:26
showing our dive boat with about a dozen of these big old tiger sharks
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prikazuje naš ronilački brod sa oko desetak ovih velikih starih tigar ajkula
07:29
sort of just swimming around behind.
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koje jednostavno plivaju okolo.
07:31
But the one thing I definitely didn't want to do with this coverage
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Ali jedna stvar koju svakako nisam hteo da uradim sa ovom pričom
07:34
was to continue to portray sharks as something like monsters.
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jeste da nastavim da prikazujem ajkule kao čudovišta,
07:37
I didn't want them to be overly threatening or scary.
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nisam hteo da budu previše opasne ili zastrašujuće.
07:40
And with this photograph of a beautiful
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I sa ovom fotografijom prelepe
07:42
15-feet, probably 14-feet, I guess,
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4,5 metra, verovatno 4 metra duge, pretpostavljam,
07:44
female tiger shark,
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ženke tigar ajkule,
07:46
I sort of think I got to that goal,
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nekako mislim da sam ostvario cilj,
07:49
where she was swimming with these little barjacks off her nose,
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gde ona pliva sa ovim ribama oko svoje njuške
07:52
and my strobe created a shadow on her face.
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i moj strob je stvorio senku na njenoj glavi.
07:54
And I think it's a gentler picture, a little less threatening,
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I mislim da je to nežnija fotografija, manje preteća,
07:56
a little more respectful of the species.
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malo više poštovanja za vrstu.
07:58
I also searched on this story
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Takođe sam radio na priči
08:00
for the elusive great hammerhead,
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o izostanku velike čekić ajkule,
08:02
an animal that really hadn't been photographed much
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životinje koja je retko bila fotografisana
08:04
until maybe about seven or 10 years ago.
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do pre nekih sedam ili 10 godina.
08:06
It's a very solitary creature.
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To je vrlo usamljeno stvorenje.
08:08
But this is an animal that's considered data deficient by science
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Ali ovo je životinja o kojoj nauka ima malo podataka
08:11
in both Florida and in the Bahamas.
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kako na Floridi tako i na Bahamima.
08:13
You know, we know almost nothing about them.
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Znate, skoro da ništa ne znamo o njima.
08:15
We don't know where they migrate to or from,
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Ne znamo odakle ni kuda migriraju,
08:17
where they mate, where they have their pups,
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gde se pare, gde dobijaju mladunce,
08:19
and yet, hammerhead populations in the Atlantic
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i opet, populacija čekić ajkula u Atlantiku
08:21
have declined about 80 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
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smanjila se za oko 80 posto u poslednjih 20, 30 godina.
08:24
You know, we're losing them faster than we can possibly find them.
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Znate, gubimo ih brže nego što možemo da ih nađemo.
08:27
This is the oceanic whitetip shark,
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Ovo je okeanska bela ajkula,
08:30
an animal that is considered the fourth most dangerous species,
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životinja koja se smatra četvrtom po redu najopasnijom vrstom,
08:32
if you pay attention to such lists.
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ako obraćate pažnju na takve liste.
08:34
But it's an animal that's about 98 percent in decline
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Ali to je životinja koja je za oko 98 odsto u opadanju
08:37
throughout most of its range.
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kroz čitav svoj opseg.
08:39
Because this is a pelagic animal and it lives out in the deeper water,
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Zato što je ovo riba koja živi u dubokoj vodi,
08:42
and because we weren't working on the bottom,
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i zato što nismo radili na dnu,
08:44
I brought along a shark cage here,
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doneo sam kavez za ajkule sa sobom,
08:46
and my friend, shark biologist Wes Pratt is inside the cage.
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i moj prijatelj, biolog za jakule Ves Prat je unutar kaveza.
08:49
You'll see that the photographer, of course, was not inside the cage here,
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Videćete da fotograf, naravno, nije bio unutar kaveza ovde,
08:52
so clearly the biologist is a little smarter than the photographer I guess.
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očigledno je biolog malo pametniji od fotografa, mislim.
08:55
And lastly with this story,
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I naposletku ove priče,
08:57
I also wanted to focus on baby sharks, shark nurseries.
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hteo sam da se fokusiram na negu beba ajkula.
09:00
And I went to the island of Bimini, in the Bahamas,
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I otišao sam na Bimini ostrvo, na Bahamima,
09:03
to work with lemon shark pups.
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da radim sa mladuncima limun ajkule.
09:05
This is a photo of a lemon shark pup,
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Ovo je fotografija mladunčeta limun ajkule
09:07
and it shows these animals where they live for the first two to three years of their lives
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koja prikazuje gde ove životinje žive prve dve tri godine svog života
09:10
in these protective mangroves.
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u ovom zaštitnom žbunju.
09:12
This is a very sort of un-shark-like photograph.
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Ovo je neka fotografija netipična za ajkule.
09:15
It's not what you typically might think of as a shark picture.
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To nije ono što biste tipično pomislili o fotografiji ajkule.
09:18
But, you know, here we see a shark that's maybe 10 or 11 inches long
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Ali, znate, ovde vidimo ajkulu dugu oko 25 možda 27 centimetara
09:21
swimming in about a foot of water.
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kako pliva u vodi dubokoj oko 30 centimetara.
09:23
But this is crucial habitat and it's where they spend the first two, three years of their lives,
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Ali ovo je ključno stanište u kojem one provode prve dve tri godine svog života,
09:26
until they're big enough to go out on the rest of the reef.
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dok ne budu dovoljno velike da odu u ostatak grebena.
09:29
After I left Bimini, I actually learned
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Nakon što sam napustio Bimini, shvatio sam ustvari
09:31
that this habitat was being bulldozed
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da je ovo stanište bilo očišćeno
09:33
to create a new golf course and resort.
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za novi golf teren i letovalište.
09:36
And other recent stories have looked at
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I druge nedavne priče ukazuju na
09:38
single, flagship species, if you will,
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jednu, vodeću vrstu, ako hoćete,
09:40
that are at risk in the ocean
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koja je u opasnosti u okeanu,
09:42
as a way of talking about other threats.
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kao način da se govori o drugim opasnostima.
09:45
One such story I did documented the leatherback sea turtle.
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Jednu takvu priču sam dokumentovao o sedmoprugoj kornjači.
09:48
This is the largest, widest-ranging,
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Ovo je najveća, najšireg raspona,
09:50
deepest-diving and oldest of all turtle species.
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najstarija vrsta kornjače u najdubljim vodama.
09:53
Here we see a female crawling
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Ovde vidimo ženku koja gmiže
09:55
out of the ocean under moonlight
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iz okeana po mesečini
09:57
on the island of Trinidad.
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na ostrvu Trinidad.
09:59
These are animals whose lineage dates back about 100 million years.
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To su životinje čije poreklo datira 100 miliona godina unazad.
10:02
And there was a time in their lifespan
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I postojalo je vreme u njihovom veku
10:04
where they were coming out of the water to nest
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kada su izlazeći iz vode da se gnezde
10:06
and saw Tyrannosaurus rex running by.
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videle tiranosaurus reksa kako trči.
10:08
And today, they crawl out and see condominiums.
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A danas, gmižu napolje i vide zgrade.
10:11
But despite this amazing longevity,
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Ali, uprkos ovoj čudesnoj dugovečnosti,
10:13
they're now considered critically endangered.
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one se sada smatraju kritično ugroženima.
10:16
In the Pacific, where I made this photograph,
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U pacifiku, gde sam napravio ovu fotografiju,
10:18
their stocks have declined about 90 percent
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njihov broj se smanjio za oko 90 posto
10:20
in the last 15 years.
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u poslednjih 15 godina.
10:22
This is a photograph that shows a hatchling
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Ovo je fotografija koja prikazuje novorođenče
10:25
about to taste saltwater for the very first time
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koje će probati slanu vodu po prvi put
10:27
beginning this long and perilous journey.
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i početi ovo dugo i opasno putovanje.
10:29
Only one in a thousand
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Samo jedno od hiljadu
10:31
leatherback hatchlings will reach maturity.
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mladunčadi ovih kornjača će dostići zrelost.
10:33
But that's due to natural predators
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Ali to je zbog prirodnih predatora
10:35
like vultures that pick them off on a beach
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poput lešinara koji ih kupe sa plaže
10:37
or predatory fish that are waiting offshore.
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ili riba predatora koje ih čekaju u blizini obale.
10:40
Nature has learned to compensate with that,
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Priroda je naučila da to nadomesti,
10:42
and females have multiple clutches of eggs
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i ženke imaju više jaja
10:44
to overcome those odds.
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kao bi prevazišle te nejednakosti.
10:46
But what they can't deal with is anthropogenic stresses,
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Ali ono sa čime ne mogu da se bore su antropogeni stresovi,
10:49
human things, like this picture that shows
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ljudske stvari, poput ove fotografije koja prikazuje
10:51
a leatherback caught at night in a gill net.
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sedmoprugu kornjaču uhvaćenu tokom noći u ribarsku mrežu.
10:54
I actually jumped in and photographed this,
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Ja sam zapravo skočio u vodu i fotografisao ovo,
10:56
and with the fisherman's permission,
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i sa ribarevom dozvolom,
10:58
I cut the turtle out, and it was able to swim free.
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oslobodio sam kornjaču i ona je mogla da pliva slobodna.
11:00
But, you know, thousands of other leatherbacks each year
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Ali, znate, hiljade sedmoprugih kornjača svake godine
11:03
are not so fortunate,
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nemaju toliko sreće,
11:05
and the species' future is in great danger.
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i budućnost vrste je u velikoj opasnosti.
11:07
Another charismatic megafauna species that I worked with
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Još jedna harizmatična velika vrsta životinje sa kojom sam radio
11:10
is the story I did on the right whale.
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je priča o crnom glatkom kitu.
11:12
And essentially, the story is this with right whales,
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I suštinski, priča o glatkim kitovima je sledeća,
11:14
that about a million years ago, there was
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pre oko milion godina, postojala je
11:16
one species of right whale on the planet,
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jedna vrsta glatkih kitova na planeti,
11:18
but as land masses moved around and oceans became isolated,
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ali kako se kopnena masa kretala i okeani postali izolovani,
11:21
the species sort of separated,
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vrsta se na neki način razdvojila,
11:23
and today we have essentially two distinct stocks.
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i danas imamo dve suštinski različite zalihe.
11:25
We have the Southern right whale that we see here
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Imamo Južnog glatkog kita kojeg vidimo ovde
11:27
and the North Atlantic right whale that we see here
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i Crnog glatkog kita kojeg vidimo ovde
11:30
with a mom and calf off the coast of Florida.
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sa majkom i mladunčetom na obali Floride.
11:32
Now, both species were hunted to the brink of extinction
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Sada, obe vrste su bile lovljene do tačke istrebljenja
11:34
by the early whalers,
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ranim brodovima za lov,
11:36
but the Southern right whales have rebounded a lot better
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ali Južni glatki kitovi su se oporavili bolje
11:38
because they're located in places
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jer se nalaze u mestima
11:40
farther away from human activity.
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udaljenim od ljudskih aktivnosti.
11:42
The North Atlantic right whale is listed as
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Crni glatki kit je klasifikovan kao
11:44
the most endangered species on the planet today
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najugroženija vrsta na planeti danas
11:46
because they are urban whales; they live along the east coast
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jer su to urbani kitovi; žive uzduž istočne obale
11:49
of North America, United States and Canada,
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Severne Amerike, Sjedinjenih Država i Kanade,
11:51
and they have to deal with all these urban ills.
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i moraju da se bore sa modernim bolestima.
11:54
This photo shows an animal popping its head out at sunset off the coast of Florida.
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Ova fotografija prikazuje životinju koja izranja glavom u sumrak na obali Floride.
11:57
You can see the coal burning plant in the background.
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Možete da vidite fabriku ugljena koja gori u pozadini.
12:00
They have to deal with things like toxins and pharmaceuticals
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Moraju da se bore sa stvarima poput otrova i lekova
12:02
that are flushed out into the ocean,
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koji se otpuštaju u okean,
12:04
and maybe even affecting their reproduction.
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i koji možda utiču na njihovu reprodukciju.
12:06
They also get entangled in fishing gear.
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Takođe bivaju upetljani u ribarske mreže.
12:08
This is a picture that shows the tail of a right whale.
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Ovo je fotografija koja prikazuje rep glatkog kita.
12:11
And those white markings are not natural markings.
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I ovi ožiljci nisu prirodni ožiljci.
12:13
These are entanglement scars.
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To su ožiljci od uplitanja.
12:15
72 percent of the population has such scars,
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72 procenta populacije ima ovakve ožiljke,
12:18
but most don't shed the gear, things like lobster traps and crab pots.
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ali većina ne rastura opremu, poput zamki za jastoge ili krabe.
12:21
They hold on to them, and it eventually kills them.
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Oni se drže za njih i na kraju ih to ubije.
12:24
And the other problem is they get hit by ships.
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A drugi problem je da oni bivaju udareni brodovima.
12:26
And this was an animal that was struck by a ship
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Ovo je životinja koja je udarena brodom
12:28
in Nova Scotia, Canada
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u Novoj Škotskoj, Kanada,
12:30
being towed in, where they did a necropsy
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koja je odvučena da se uradi autopsija
12:32
to confirm the cause of death,
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da se utvrdi uzrok smrti,
12:34
which was indeed a ship strike.
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koji zaista jeste udar broda.
12:36
So all of these ills are stacking up against these animals
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Dakle sve ove bolesti napadaju ove životinje
12:39
and keeping their numbers very low.
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i drže njihov broj vrlo niskim.
12:41
And to draw a contrast with that beleaguered North Atlantic population,
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I da napravim kontrast sa tom opkoljenom populacijom u Severnom Atlantiku,
12:44
I went to a new pristine population of Southern right whales
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otišao sam do prastare populacije Južnih glatkih kitova,
12:47
that had only been discovered about 10 years ago
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koji su otkriveni tek pre nekih 10 godina
12:49
in the sub-Antarctic of New Zealand, a place called the Auckland Islands.
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u pod-Antarktiku na Novom Zelandu, u mestu zvanom Ouklandska ostrva.
12:52
I went down there in the winter time.
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Otišao sam dole u zimskom periodu.
12:54
And these are animals that had never seen humans before,
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I ovo su životinje koje nikada ranije nisu videle čoveka.
12:56
and I was one of the first people they probably had ever seen.
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I ja sam verovatno bio jedan od prvih ljudi koje su one ikada videle.
12:58
And I got in the water with them,
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Ušao sam u vodu sa njima,
13:00
and I was amazed at how curious they were.
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i bio sam zapanjen koliko su bile radoznale.
13:02
This photograph shows my assistant standing on the bottom at about 70 feet
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Ova fotografija prikazuje mog asistenta kako stoji na dnu na oko 20 metara
13:05
and one of these amazingly beautiful, 45-foot,
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i jednog od ovih zadivljujućih prelepih, 13 metara dugih,
13:08
70-ton whales,
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70 tona teških kitova,
13:10
like a city bus just swimming up, you know.
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poput gradskog autobusa koji pliva, znate.
13:12
They were in perfect condition,
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Oni su u savršenoj formi,
13:14
very fat and healthy, robust, no entanglement scars,
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debeli i zdravi, kršni, bez ožiljaka,
13:17
the way they're supposed to look.
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onako kako treba da izgledaju.
13:19
You know, I read that the pilgrims, when they landed at Plymouth Rock
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Znate, pročitao sam da su Pilgrimi, kada su dospeli na Plimut Rok
13:21
in Massachusetts in 1620,
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u Masačusetsu 1620.,
13:23
wrote that you could walk across Cape Cod Bay
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napisali da su mogli da šetaju do Kejp Kod zaliva
13:25
on the backs of right whales.
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na leđima glatkih kitova.
13:27
And we can't go back and see that today,
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I ne možemo da se vratimo i da vidimo to danas,
13:29
but maybe we can preserve what we have left.
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ali možda možemo da očuvamo ono što je ostalo.
13:31
And I wanted to close this program with a story of hope,
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I hteo sam da završim ovaj program sa pričom nade,
13:34
a story I did on marine reserves
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pričom koju sam uradio o morskim rezervama
13:36
as sort of a solution
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kao vrsti rešenja
13:38
to the problem of overfishing, the global fish crisis story.
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za problem preteranog ribolova, čitave priče o krizi ribe.
13:41
I settled on working in the country of New Zealand
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Smestio sam se da radim na Novom Zelandu
13:43
because New Zealand was rather progressive,
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jer je Novi Zeland prilično napredan,
13:45
and is rather progressive in terms of protecting their ocean.
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prilično napredan u smisli očuvanja okeana.
13:48
And I really wanted this story to be about three things:
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I stvarno sam hteo da ova priča bude o tri stvari.
13:50
I wanted it to be about abundance,
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Hteo sam da bude o bogatstvu,
13:52
about diversity and about resilience.
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različitosti i otpornosti.
13:54
And one of the first places I worked
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I jedno od prvih mesta gde sam radio
13:56
was a reserve called Goat Island
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bio je rezervat nazvan ostrvo Gout
13:58
in Leigh of New Zealand.
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u Lejgu na Novom Zelandu.
14:00
What the scientists there told me was that
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Ono što su mi naučnici tamo rekli je
14:02
when protected this first marine reserve in 1975,
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da kada su prvi put zaštitili morske rezerve 1975.,
14:05
they hoped and expected that certain things might happen.
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nadali su se i očekivali da mogu da se dese određene stvari.
14:08
For example, they hoped that certain species of fish
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Na primer, nadali su se da će se određene vrste ribe
14:10
like the New Zealand snapper would return
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poput novozelandske grabljivice vratiti,
14:12
because they had been fished to the brink of commercial extinction.
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jer su lovljene u komercijalne svrhe do ivice istrebljenja.
14:15
And they did come back. What they couldn't predict was that other things would happen.
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I jesu se vratile. Ono što nisu mogli da predvide jesu koje druge stvari mogu da se dese.
14:18
For example, these fish
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Na primer, ove ribe
14:20
predate on sea urchins,
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jedu morske ježeve.
14:22
and when the fish were all gone,
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I kada je sva riba nestala,
14:24
all anyone ever saw underwater
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sve što je neko mogao da vidi pod vodom
14:26
was just acres and acres of sea urchins.
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jesu hektari i hektari morskih ježeva.
14:29
But when the fish came back
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Ali kada se riba vratila
14:31
and began predating and controlling the urchin population,
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i počela da se hrani i kontroliše populaciju ježeva,
14:33
low and behold, kelp forests emerged in shallow water.
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na dnu, šuma morskih algi pojavila se u plitkoj vodi.
14:36
And that's because the urchins eat kelp.
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A to je zato što ježevi jedu alge.
14:39
So when the fish control the urchin population,
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Tako da kada je riba kontrolisala populaciju ježeva,
14:42
the ocean was restored to its natural equilibrium.
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okean se vratio na svoju prirodnu ravnotežu.
14:44
You know, this is probably how the ocean looked here
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Znate, verovatno je okean ovako izgledao
14:46
one or 200 years ago, but nobody was around to tell us.
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pre sto ili 200 godina, ali nikoga nije bilo tu da nam kaže.
14:49
I worked in other parts of New Zealand as well,
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Radio sam i u drugim delovima Novog Zelanda,
14:51
in beautiful, fragile, protected areas
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u prelepim, krhkim, zaštićenim područjima
14:54
like in Fiordland, where this sea pen colony was found.
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poput Fjordlanda, gde je ova kolonija morskih žarnjaka pronađena.
14:57
Little blue cod swimming in for a dash of color.
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Mali plavi bakalar pliva za dašak boje.
15:00
In the northern part of New Zealand,
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U severnom delu Novog Zelanda,
15:02
I dove in the blue water, where the water's a little warmer,
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zaronio sam u plavu vodu, gde je voda malo toplija,
15:05
and photographed animals like this giant sting ray
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i fotografisao životinje poput ove ogromne raže
15:07
swimming through an underwater canyon.
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koja pliva kroz podvodni kanjon.
15:09
Every part of the ecosystem in this place
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Svaki deo ekosistema na ovom mestu
15:11
seems very healthy,
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izgleda vrlo zdravo,
15:13
from tiny, little animals like a nudibrank
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od sićušnih, malih životinja poput nudibranka
15:15
crawling over encrusting sponge
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koji puza preko obloženog sunđera
15:17
or a leatherjacket
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ili ove ribe koja je iz porodice šnjureva
15:19
that is a very important animal in this ecosystem
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koja je vrlo važna životinja u ekosistemu
15:21
because it grazes on the bottom and allows new life to take hold.
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jer pase dno i omogućava novom životu da se održi.
15:25
And I wanted to finish with this photograph,
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I želim da završim sa ovom fotografijom,
15:27
a picture I made on a very stormy day in New Zealand
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napravljenom vrlo olujnog dana na Novom Zelandu
15:30
when I just laid on the bottom
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tek što sam dospeo na dno
15:32
amidst a school of fish swirling around me.
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usred jata ribe koja se kovitlala oko mene.
15:34
And I was in a place that had only been protected
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A bio sam na mestu koje je zaštićeno
15:36
about 20 years ago.
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pre samo nekih 20 godina.
15:38
And I talked to divers that had been diving there for many years,
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I razgovarao sam sa roniocima koji tamo rone već godinama,
15:41
and they said that the marine life was better here today
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i oni su rekli da je pomorski život ovde bolji danas
15:43
than it was in the 1960s.
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nego što je bio 1960-ih godina.
15:45
And that's because it's been protected,
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I to je zato što je zaštićen,
15:47
that it has come back.
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zato se oporavio.
15:49
So I think the message is clear.
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Mislim da je poruka jasna.
15:51
The ocean is, indeed, resilient and tolerant to a point,
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Okean je, zaista, otporan i tolerantan do jedne mere,
15:54
but we must be good custodians.
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ali moramo biti dobri čuvari.
15:56
I became an underwater photographer
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Postao sam podvodni fotograf
15:58
because I fell in love with the sea,
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jer sam se zaljubio u more,
16:00
and I make pictures of it today because I want to protect it,
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i danas pravim fotografije jer želim da ga zaštitim,
16:03
and I don't think it's too late.
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i ne mislim da je prekasno.
16:05
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Skerry - PhotographerBrian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans.
Why you should listen
Using the camera as his tool of communication, Brian Skerry has spent the past three decades telling the stories of the ocean. His images portray not only the aesthetic wonder of the ocean but display an intense journalistic drive for relevance. Skerry's work brings to light the many pressing issues facing our oceans and its inhabitants. Typically spending eight months of the year in the field, he often face extreme conditions to capture his subjects. He has lived on the bottom of the sea, spent months aboard fishing boats and dived beneath the Arctic ice to get his shot. He has spent over 10,000 hours underwater.
A contract photographer for National Geographic Magazine since 1998, Brian Skerry has had twelve stories published in the magazine with several more upcoming.
Brian Skerry | Speaker | TED.com