ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Skerry - Photographer
Brian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans.

Why you should listen

Using the camera as his tool of communication, Brian Skerry has spent the past three decades telling the stories of the ocean. His images portray not only the aesthetic wonder of the ocean but display an intense journalistic drive for relevance. Skerry's work brings to light the many pressing issues facing our oceans and its inhabitants. Typically spending eight months of the year in the field, he often face extreme conditions to capture his subjects. He has lived on the bottom of the sea, spent months aboard fishing boats and dived beneath the Arctic ice to get his shot. He has spent over 10,000 hours underwater.

A contract photographer for National Geographic Magazine since 1998, Brian Skerry has had twelve stories published in the magazine with several more upcoming.

More profile about the speaker
Brian Skerry | Speaker | TED.com
Mission Blue Voyage

Brian Skerry: The ocean's glory -- and horror

布萊恩-思凱揭露海洋的榮耀與驚悚

Filmed:
1,622,599 views

攝影師布萊恩-思凱拍攝海面上及海面下的生物---如同他的主題一樣,將揭露海洋令人驚艷及擔憂的一面。藉由分享令人驚艷的海底生物的親密鏡頭,他亦表示如何能藉由這些有力的照片來保護並改變海洋生態。
- Photographer
Brian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I would like to share分享 with you this morning早上
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今天早晨我想要與各位分享
00:19
some stories故事 about the ocean海洋
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一些關於海洋的故事
00:21
through通過 my work as a still photographer攝影師
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透過我身為一名靜態攝影師的工作
00:23
for National國民 Geographic地理 magazine雜誌.
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為國家地理雜誌拍攝照片
00:26
I guess猜測 I became成為 an underwater水下 photographer攝影師
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我想我會成為一名海面下的攝影師
00:28
and a photojournalist攝影記者
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以及一位攝影記者
00:30
because I fell下跌 in love with the sea as a child兒童.
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是因為當我還是個小男孩時我就愛上了大海
00:32
And I wanted to tell stories故事
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而我想要告訴大家
00:34
about all the amazing驚人 things I was seeing眼看 underwater水下,
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在海面下所見到的那些驚奇的故事
00:37
incredible難以置信 wildlife野生動物 and interesting有趣 behaviors行為.
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令人感到震撼的生命以及牠們有趣的行為
00:40
And after even 30 years年份 of doing this,
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即使在從事三十年這樣的職業
00:42
after 30 years年份 of exploring探索 the ocean海洋,
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以及探索海洋超過三十年的時間
00:44
I never cease停止 to be amazed吃驚
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在大海中所遭遇的各種事物
00:46
at the extraordinary非凡 encounters遭遇 that I have while I'm at sea.
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永遠能為我帶來驚奇
00:49
But more and more frequently經常 these days
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然而這些日子,當我越加頻繁地接觸時
00:51
I'm seeing眼看 terrible可怕 things underwater水下 as well,
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我也發現了海面下那些令人感到恐懼的事情
00:53
things that I don't think most people realize實現.
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一些我認為多數人都不了解的事
00:56
And I've been compelled被迫 to turn my camera相機 towards these issues問題
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因此我將照相機鎖定這些議題
00:59
to tell a more complete完成 story故事.
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來告訴大家一個更完整的故事
01:01
I want people to see what's happening事件 underwater水下,
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我想要人們看見海面下發生的事
01:03
both the horror恐怖 and the magic魔法.
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包括恐怖的、不可思議的
01:06
The first story故事 that I did for National國民 Geographic地理,
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第一個故事是我為國家地理雜誌所拍攝
01:08
where I recognized認可 the ability能力 to include包括
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在那裡我體認到自己有能力
01:10
environmental環境的 issues問題 within a natural自然 history歷史 coverage覆蓋,
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可以在自然歷史的封面故事下加入環境議題
01:13
was a story故事 I proposed建議 on harp豎琴 seals密封件.
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我拍攝的對象是海豹
01:16
The story故事 I wanted to do initially原來
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而現在我想拍攝的故事,原本
01:18
was just a small focus焦點 to look at the few少數 weeks each year
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只是個小焦點,一年拍攝幾個星期而已
01:21
where these animals動物 migrate遷移 down from the Canadian加拿大 arctic北極
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這段期間,海豹由加拿大極地遷徙而下
01:24
to the Gulf海灣 of St. Lawrence勞倫斯 in Canada加拿大
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至加拿大聖羅倫斯海灣
01:26
to engage從事 in courtship求愛, mating交配 and to have their pups幼崽.
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致力於求偶、交配以及產下牠們的小海豹
01:29
And all of this is played發揮 out against反對
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所有的這一切生物行為
01:31
the backdrop背景 of transient短暫的 pack ice
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皆在以風及潮汐為漂泊動力的
01:33
that moves移動 with wind and tide浪潮.
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冰層上面進行
01:35
And because I'm an underwater水下 photographer攝影師,
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因為我是一名海面下的攝影師
01:37
I wanted to do this story故事 from both above以上 and below下面,
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我想要從海面上及海面下取材來拍攝這個故事
01:39
to make pictures圖片 like this that show顯示 one of these little pups幼崽
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如同照片中這些小海豹的其中一隻
01:42
making製造 its very first swim游泳 in the icy冷冰冰 29-degree-度 water.
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正在華氏29度的冰冷海水中,進行牠第一次的游泳 (攝氏-1.7度)
01:45
But as I got more involved參與 in the story故事,
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但是當我更深入這個主題
01:47
I realized實現 that there were two big environmental環境的 issues問題 I couldn't不能 ignore忽視.
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我瞭解到有兩個重大的環境議題是我不能忽視的
01:50
The first was that these animals動物 continue繼續 to be hunted獵殺,
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第一個是這些動物持續地被獵殺
01:53
killed殺害 with hakapikshakapiks at about eight, 15 days old.
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在大約八到十五天時被棘棒殺死
01:56
It actually其實 is the largest最大 marine海洋 mammal哺乳動物
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這實際上也是在這星球上最大的
01:58
slaughter屠宰 on the planet行星,
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海洋哺乳類動物大屠殺
02:00
with hundreds數以百計 of thousands數千 of these seals密封件 being存在 killed殺害 every一切 year.
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每年都有成千上萬的海豹被屠殺
02:03
But as disturbing煩擾的 as that is,
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但是更令人感到不安的是
02:05
I think the bigger problem問題 for harp豎琴 seals密封件
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我認為對加拿大海豹所遭遇最大的問題是
02:07
is the loss失利 of sea ice due應有 to global全球 warming變暖.
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由於全球暖化,海面上的冰層正逐年減少
02:09
This is an aerial天線 picture圖片 that I made製作 that shows節目
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這是一張我所拍攝的航空照片
02:11
the Gulf海灣 of St. Lawrence勞倫斯 during harp豎琴 seal密封 season季節.
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照片為在海豹繁殖季節時聖羅倫斯海灣的冰層
02:14
And even though雖然 we see a lot of ice in this picture圖片,
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雖然我們在這張照片中看到了很多的冰層
02:16
there's a lot of water as well, which哪一個 wasn't there historically歷史.
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然而冰層與冰層間也夾雜著很多海水,這些海水在歷史上是不曾存在的
02:19
And the ice that is there is quite相當 thin.
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而且照片中的冰層非常薄
02:22
The problem問題 is that these pups幼崽 need a stable穩定 platform平台 of solid固體 ice
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問題是小海豹們需要一穩定的固體冰面
02:25
in order訂購 to nurse護士 from their moms媽媽.
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來從母海豹那得到哺育
02:27
They only need 12 days from the moment時刻 they're born天生 until直到 they're on their own擁有.
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從牠們出生到可以自己生活,只需要十二天的時間
02:30
But if they don't get 12 days,
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但如果小海豹沒有得到這12天的時間
02:32
they can fall秋季 into the ocean海洋 and die.
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牠們會跌入海洋而死亡
02:34
This is a photo照片 that I made製作 showing展示
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這是一張我拍攝的照片
02:36
one of these pups幼崽 that's only about five or seven days old --
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其中一隻小海豹年僅約5或7天
02:38
still has a little bit of the umbilical臍帶 cord on its belly肚皮 --
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肚子上仍有一些臍帶的痕跡
02:40
that has fallen墮落 in because of the thin ice,
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因為冰層太薄而跌入海洋中
02:42
and the mother母親 is frantically瘋狂 trying to push it up to breathe呼吸
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小海豹的母親極盡所能地想要將小海豹推至海面上呼吸
02:45
and to get it back to stable穩定 purchase採購.
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讓牠能回到穩固的冰面上
02:47
This problem問題 has continued繼續 to grow增長 each year since以來 I was there.
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從我在那拍攝照片開始,這個問題一年比一年嚴重
02:50
I read that last year the pup小狗 mortality死亡 rate
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我閱讀了小海豹過去一年的死亡率報告
02:52
was 100 percent百分 in parts部分 of the Gulf海灣 of St. Lawrence勞倫斯.
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在部分聖羅倫斯海灣區域,小海豹的死亡率為百分之百
02:55
So, clearly明確地, this species種類 has a lot of problems問題 going forward前鋒.
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因此,很明顯地,這個物種面臨許多問題
02:58
This ended結束 up becoming變得 a cover story故事 at National國民 Geographic地理.
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這張照片最後也成為了國家地理雜誌的封面報導
03:01
And it received收到 quite相當 a bit of attention注意.
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受到了眾多關注
03:03
And with that, I saw the potential潛在 to begin開始
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藉由這則報導,我看到了開始
03:05
doing other stories故事 about ocean海洋 problems問題.
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拍攝其他與海洋問題相關報導的可能性
03:07
So I proposed建議 a story故事 on the global全球 fish crisis危機,
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因此我拍攝了一則以全球魚類危機為主題的報導
03:10
in part部分 because I had personally親自 witnessed目擊
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部分原因是因為親眼所見
03:13
a lot of degradation降解 in the ocean海洋 over the last 30 years年份,
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過去的三十年中,這類問題在海洋中的惡化過程
03:15
but also because I read a scientific科學 paper
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但也是因為我讀到了一篇科學文獻
03:17
that stated聲明 that 90 percent百分 of the big fish in the ocean海洋
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指出有90%在海洋中的大型魚類
03:20
have disappeared消失 in the last 50 or 60 years年份.
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在過去的50或60年間已然消失無蹤
03:22
These are the tuna金槍魚, the billfish旗魚 and the sharks鯊魚.
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這些是鮪魚、梭魚以及鯊魚
03:25
When I read that, I was blown away by those numbers數字.
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當我讀到這裡時,我被那些數字震懾住了
03:27
I thought this was going to be headline標題 news新聞 in every一切 media媒體 outlet出口,
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我想這項研究應該會成為各個媒體出口的頭條新聞了吧
03:30
but it really wasn't, so I wanted to do a story故事
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但實際上卻沒有,因此我想要報導這個故事
03:33
that was a very different不同 kind of underwater水下 story故事.
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一個不同於一般海底主題的報導
03:36
I wanted it to be more like war戰爭 photography攝影,
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我想要這主題成為更類似戰爭攝影的報導
03:38
where I was making製造 harder-hitting更難擊球 pictures圖片
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其中我拍攝了一些難得一見、更為轟動的照片
03:40
that showed顯示 readers讀者 what was happening事件
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以讓讀者清楚了解
03:42
to marine海洋 wildlife野生動物 around the planet行星.
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這個星球上海洋野生動物正遭遇的問題
03:44
The first component零件 of the story故事 that I thought was essential必要, however然而,
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這篇報導我認為讀者必須了解的第一件事
03:47
was to give readers讀者 a sense of appreciation升值
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是讀者必須對我們所食用的海洋生物
03:50
for the ocean海洋 animals動物 that they were eating.
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心存感激
03:52
You know, I think people go into a restaurant餐廳,
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你知道嗎,我認為人們走進餐廳用餐
03:54
and somebody orders命令 a steak牛扒, and we all know where steak牛扒 comes from,
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某人可能點了牛排,至少我們都知道牛排是從哪裡來
03:57
and somebody orders命令 a chicken, and we know what a chicken is,
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某人點了雞肉,而我們也都瞭解雞是怎樣的
04:00
but when they're eating bluefin藍鰭金槍魚 sushi壽司,
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但當人們在吃黑鮪魚壽司時
04:02
do they have any sense of the magnificent華麗的 animal動物 that they're consuming消費?
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是否了解他們所食用的生物是多麼宏偉而壯觀呢?
04:05
These are the lions獅子 and tigers老虎 of the sea.
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這些偉大的生物是海中的獅子和老虎,是海中生物之王
04:08
In reality現實, these animals動物 have no terrestrial陸生 counterpart副本;
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事實上,這些生物在陸地上是沒有可以相對應的
04:10
they're unique獨特 in the world世界.
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牠們在這世界上是獨一無二的
04:12
These are animals動物 that can practically幾乎 swim游泳
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照片中是那些實際上可由
04:14
from the equator赤道 to the poles
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赤道游到北極的生物
04:16
and can crisscross交錯 entire整個 oceans海洋 in the course課程 of a year.
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並且可以在一年之間來回穿越整個海洋的
04:19
If we weren't so efficient高效 at catching them, because they grow增長 their entire整個 life,
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如果不是人類大量的捕食,牠們是可以發展自己生活的
04:22
would have 30-year-old-歲 bluefin藍鰭金槍魚 out there that weigh稱重 a ton.
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就可能會有成長至30歲的黑鮪魚,並且重達一噸
04:24
But the truth真相 is we're way too efficient高效 at catching them,
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事實是人類太過量的捕捉
04:27
and their stocks個股 have collapsed倒塌 worldwide全世界.
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導致黑鮪魚在世界上的存活量大跌
04:29
This is the daily日常 auction拍賣 at the Tsukiji築地 Fish Market市場
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這是在Tsukiji魚市場每日的拍賣情形
04:31
that I photographed拍照 a couple一對 years年份 ago.
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照片拍攝於幾年前
04:33
And every一切 single day these tuna金槍魚, bluefin藍鰭金槍魚 like this,
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每一天這些黑鮪魚以及藍鰭魚
04:36
are stacked堆疊 up like cordwood積木式,
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就像木材一樣被堆放在
04:38
just warehouse倉庫 after warehouse倉庫.
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一間又一間的倉庫
04:40
As I wandered逛到 around and made製作 these pictures圖片,
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當我遊走在倉庫間拍攝這些照片時
04:42
it sort分類 of occurred發生 to me that the ocean's海洋 not a grocery雜貨 store商店, you know.
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我忽然覺得海洋並不是一個雜貨店
04:45
We can't keep taking服用 without expecting期待
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我們並不能夠
04:47
serious嚴重 consequences後果 as a result結果.
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毫不顧慮後果地取用
04:50
I also, with the story故事, wanted to show顯示 readers讀者
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藉由這篇報導,我也想要告訴各位讀者
04:52
how fish are caught抓住, some of the methods方法 that are used to catch抓住 fish,
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魚類是如何被各種方式所捕捉
04:55
like a bottom底部 trawler拖網漁船, which哪一個 is one of the most common共同 methods方法 in the world世界.
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例如海底的漁船拖網,是最常見的捕魚方式之一
04:58
This was a small net that was being存在 used in Mexico墨西哥 to catch抓住 shrimp,
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這是一張墨西哥用來補抓蝦子的小網
05:01
but the way it works作品 is essentially實質上 the same相同 everywhere到處 in the world世界.
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但是它在世界各地的用法本質上都是一樣的
05:04
You have a large net in the middle中間
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一張大網在中間
05:06
with two steel doors on either end結束.
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兩端有兩道不銹鋼門
05:08
And as this assembly部件 is towed拖曳 through通過 the water,
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當此項配件在水裡進行拖曳
05:10
the doors meet遇到 resistance抵抗性 with the ocean海洋,
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門在海洋中遇到阻力
05:12
and it opens打開 the mouth of the net,
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網子則會因此而開啟
05:14
and they place地點 floats彩車 at the top最佳 and a lead line on the bottom底部.
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網子的頂端會放置浮標,底部則是一條鉛線
05:17
And this just drags拖動 over the bottom底部, in this case案件 to catch抓住 shrimp.
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透過這張網的鉛線在海底進行拖曳來捕蝦
05:20
But as you can imagine想像, it's catching everything else其他 in its path路徑 as well.
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但正如你所想像,網子在捕蝦的同時也網入了各式各樣的東西
05:23
And it's destroying銷毀 that precious珍貴 benthic底棲 community社區 on the bottom底部,
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並摧毀了海底珍貴的生物群落
05:26
things like sponges海綿 and corals珊瑚蟲,
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例如海綿以及珊瑚
05:28
that critical危急 habitat棲息地 for other animals動物.
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對那些海底生物而言即為十分重要的棲地
05:30
This photograph照片 I made製作 of the fisherman
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這張照片是我拍攝一個漁夫
05:33
holding保持 the shrimp that he caught抓住 after towing拖帶 his nets for one hour小時.
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握著撒網一小時所抓到的蝦子
05:36
So he had a handful少數 of shrimp, maybe seven or eight shrimp,
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照片中他拿著一把蝦子,可能有七或八隻蝦
05:38
and all those other animals動物 on the deck甲板 of the boat are bycatch誤捕.
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以及甲板上那些不小心被一起捕捉來的生物
05:41
These are animals動物 that died死亡 in the process處理,
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這些被一起捕捉來的生物正瀕臨死亡
05:43
but have no commercial廣告 value.
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但是卻沒有任何商業價值
05:45
So this is the true真正 cost成本 of a shrimp dinner晚餐,
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所以這才是那頓蝦子晚餐的真正花費
05:47
maybe seven or eight shrimp
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裡頭可能只有七或八隻蝦
05:49
and 10 pounds英鎊 of other animals動物 that had to die in the process處理.
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卻有十磅或更多的生物必須因為那些蝦子而瀕臨死亡
05:52
And to make that point even more visual視覺, I swam under the shrimp boat
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為了使這一點更加逼真,我游到了漁船的下方
05:55
and made製作 this picture圖片 of the guy shoveling
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並且拍到了這張漁夫
05:57
this bycatch誤捕 into the sea as trash垃圾
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正把捕捉到的如同垃圾的生物從船上鏟出
05:59
and photographed拍照 this cascade級聯 of death死亡,
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這張照片就是死掉的生物形成的小瀑布
06:01
you know, animals動物 like guitarfishguitarfish, bat蝙蝠 rays陽光,
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你知道嗎,這些生物如犁頭鰩、蝙蝠魟
06:04
flounder比目魚, pufferfish河豚魚, that only an hour小時 before,
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比目魚以及河豚,一小時前
06:07
were on the bottom底部 of the ocean海洋, alive,
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在海底下還是活生生的
06:09
but now being存在 thrown拋出 back as trash垃圾.
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現在卻像垃圾一樣被丟回海底
06:11
I also wanted to focus焦點 on the shark鯊魚 fishing釣魚 industry行業
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我同時也想將焦點放在捕鯊業
06:14
because, currently目前 on planet行星 Earth地球,
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因為目前在地球上
06:16
we're killing謀殺 over 100 million百萬 sharks鯊魚
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我們每一年
06:18
every一切 single year.
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屠殺了超過一億隻的鯊魚
06:20
But before I went out to photograph照片 this component零件,
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但是當我想要拍攝這個部份時
06:22
I sort分類 of wrestled搏鬥 with the notion概念 of how do you make a picture圖片 of a dead shark鯊魚
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我忽然陷入將如何拍攝一隻死鯊魚
06:25
that will resonate諧振 with readers讀者
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才能引起讀者們迴響的沉思中
06:27
You know, I think there's still a lot of people out there who think
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你知道嗎,我想仍然有一些人會認為
06:29
the only good shark鯊魚 is a dead shark鯊魚.
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一隻死掉的鯊魚才是一隻好鯊魚
06:31
But this one morning早上 I jumped跳下 in and found發現 this thresher脫粒機
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然而某一個早晨,我跳進水中,發現這隻
06:33
that had just recently最近 died死亡 in the gill net.
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剛死在刺網中的長尾鮫
06:35
And with its huge巨大 pectoral胸飾 fins鰭片 and eyes眼睛 still very visible可見,
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牠巨大的胸鰭以及眼睛尚清晰可見
06:38
it struck來襲 me as sort分類 of a crucifixion受難, if you will.
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如果你親眼所見,定會像是看到牠被釘十字架般的震驚
06:41
This ended結束 up being存在 the lead picture圖片
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這張照片最終成為了
06:43
in the global全球 fishery漁業 story故事 in National國民 Geographic地理.
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國家地理雜誌關於全球漁業報導的主要照片
06:45
And I hope希望 that it helped幫助 readers讀者 to take notice注意
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我希望能幫助讀者們注意到
06:47
of this problem問題 of 100 million百萬 sharks鯊魚.
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這一億隻鯊魚艱難的處境
06:50
And because I love sharks鯊魚 -- I'm somewhat有些 obsessed痴迷 with sharks鯊魚 --
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並且因為我熱愛鯊魚,為牠們著迷
06:53
I wanted to do another另一個, more celebratory慶祝, story故事 about sharks鯊魚,
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我也想為大家呈現較為令人喜悅的關於鯊魚的報導
06:55
as a way of talking about the need for shark鯊魚 conservation保護.
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作為探討鯊魚保育的重要性
06:58
So I went to the Bahamas巴哈馬
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因此我去了一趟巴哈馬群島
07:00
because there're有很 very few少數 places地方 in the world世界
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因為那裏是全球少數幾個
07:02
where sharks鯊魚 are doing well these days,
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鯊魚保育做得很好的地方
07:04
but the Bahamas巴哈馬 seem似乎 to be a place地點 where stocks個股 were reasonably合理 healthy健康,
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巴哈馬群島的鯊魚存量似乎保育良好
07:07
largely大部分 due應有 to the fact事實 that the government政府 there
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也許是因為政府
07:10
had outlawed取締 longlining延繩釣 several一些 years年份 ago.
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幾年前已明文規定捕獵鯊魚是不合法的
07:12
And I wanted to show顯示 several一些 species種類
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並且我想要為大家呈現一些
07:14
that we hadn't有沒有 shown顯示 much in the magazine雜誌 and worked工作 in a number of locations地點.
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雜誌上未展示太多的,我工作地點的照片
07:17
One of the locations地點 was this place地點 called Tiger Beach海灘,
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其中一個地點是一個叫做老虎灘的地方
07:20
in the northern北方 Bahamas巴哈馬 where tiger sharks鯊魚
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位於巴哈馬群島的北方
07:22
aggregate骨料 in shallow water.
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在那裏有集結成群的老虎鯊
07:24
This is a low-altitude低空 photograph照片 that I made製作
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這則是在低海拔地區所拍攝的照片
07:26
showing展示 our dive潛水 boat with about a dozen of these big old tiger sharks鯊魚
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照片中為被這些年邁的大型老虎鯊所包圍的潛水艇
07:29
sort分類 of just swimming游泳的 around behind背後.
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就好像牠們游在我們周遭以及後方一樣
07:31
But the one thing I definitely無疑 didn't want to do with this coverage覆蓋
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但是我絕對不希望這張封面照片
07:34
was to continue繼續 to portray寫真 sharks鯊魚 as something like monsters怪物.
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使鯊魚一直被描述成如同野獸一般
07:37
I didn't want them to be overly過於 threatening危險的 or scary害怕.
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我不希望這些老虎鯊是極具威脅性及令人驚懼的
07:40
And with this photograph照片 of a beautiful美麗
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這張照片是一隻美麗的
07:42
15-feet-feet, probably大概 14-feet-feet, I guess猜測,
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15呎長...也許14呎長的
07:44
female tiger shark鯊魚,
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母虎鯊
07:46
I sort分類 of think I got to that goal目標,
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就像覺得自己達成目的一般
07:49
where she was swimming游泳的 with these little barjacksbarjacks off her nose鼻子,
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當牠在水中游曳時,有一些平線若鰺游過牠的鼻側
07:52
and my strobe頻閃 created創建 a shadow陰影 on her face面對.
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我的閃光燈在牠臉上造成了一道陰影
07:54
And I think it's a gentler溫和 picture圖片, a little less threatening危險的,
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我認為這是一張較為溫和的照片,也較不具威脅性
07:56
a little more respectful尊敬的 of the species種類.
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對這個物種也有較多尊重
07:58
I also searched搜索 on this story故事
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我也檢閱了一些關於
08:00
for the elusive難以捉摸 great hammerhead鎚頭,
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這隻虛幻的大頭槌鯊的報導
08:02
an animal動物 that really hadn't有沒有 been photographed拍照 much
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一隻直到在七或十年前
08:04
until直到 maybe about seven or 10 years年份 ago.
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才開始有一些相關照片拍攝的生物
08:06
It's a very solitary creature生物.
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槌頭鯊事實上是一隻非常神秘的生物
08:08
But this is an animal動物 that's considered考慮 data數據 deficient匱乏 by science科學
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無論是在佛羅里達或是巴哈馬群島
08:11
in both Florida佛羅里達 and in the Bahamas巴哈馬.
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科學上的數據皆十分缺乏
08:13
You know, we know almost幾乎 nothing about them.
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我們對牠們幾乎一無所知
08:15
We don't know where they migrate遷移 to or from,
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我們不知道他們遷入或是遷出的地點
08:17
where they mate伴侶, where they have their pups幼崽,
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也不知道牠們在哪交配,生下小槌頭鯊
08:19
and yet然而, hammerhead鎚頭 populations人群 in the Atlantic大西洋
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然而,在大西洋的槌頭鯊族群在過去的20至30年間
08:21
have declined下降 about 80 percent百分 in the last 20 to 30 years年份.
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數量卻減少了大約百分之八十
08:24
You know, we're losing失去 them faster更快 than we can possibly或者 find them.
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你知道嗎,我們失去牠們的速度遠比我們能找到牠們的要快
08:27
This is the oceanic whitetip白鰭鯊 shark鯊魚,
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這是一隻白鰭鯊
08:30
an animal動物 that is considered考慮 the fourth第四 most dangerous危險 species種類,
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如果你留意相關的列表
08:32
if you pay工資 attention注意 to such這樣 lists名單.
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白鰭鯊被認為是四種最危險的物種之一
08:34
But it's an animal動物 that's about 98 percent百分 in decline下降
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在大多數牠們活動的範圍內
08:37
throughout始終 most of its range範圍.
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其消逝率亦達98%
08:39
Because this is a pelagic遠洋 animal動物 and it lives生活 out in the deeper更深 water,
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因為牠們是一種生活在遠洋及深海中的生物
08:42
and because we weren't working加工 on the bottom底部,
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並且因為我們不是在海底工作
08:44
I brought along沿 a shark鯊魚 cage here,
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我帶了一只鯊魚籠至海底
08:46
and my friend朋友, shark鯊魚 biologist生物學家 Wes韋斯 Pratt普拉特 is inside the cage.
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而我的朋友,鯊魚生物學家,維斯-普瑞特則在籠子內
08:49
You'll你會 see that the photographer攝影師, of course課程, was not inside the cage here,
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你所看到的這張照片,攝影師當然沒有在籠內
08:52
so clearly明確地 the biologist生物學家 is a little smarter聰明 than the photographer攝影師 I guess猜測.
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我想很明顯地,我的朋友比攝影師要來得聰明一些
08:55
And lastly最後 with this story故事,
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在這則報導的最後
08:57
I also wanted to focus焦點 on baby寶寶 sharks鯊魚, shark鯊魚 nurseries托兒所.
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我想要針對鯊魚寶寶的哺育進行報導
09:00
And I went to the island of Bimini比米尼, in the Bahamas巴哈馬,
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因此我去到了巴哈馬群島中的Bimini島
09:03
to work with lemon檸檬 shark鯊魚 pups幼崽.
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與小檸檬鯊一起工作
09:05
This is a photo照片 of a lemon檸檬 shark鯊魚 pup小狗,
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這是一張小檸檬鯊的照片
09:07
and it shows節目 these animals動物 where they live生活 for the first two to three years年份 of their lives生活
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顯示牠們在紅樹林保護區裡
09:10
in these protective保護的 mangroves紅樹林.
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度過一生中第一個二至三年
09:12
This is a very sort分類 of un-shark-like未鯊魚般的 photograph照片.
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這是一張非常不同於一般鯊魚的照片
09:15
It's not what you typically一般 might威力 think of as a shark鯊魚 picture圖片.
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不是你所能想像到的鯊魚
09:18
But, you know, here we see a shark鯊魚 that's maybe 10 or 11 inches英寸 long
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但是,你知道嗎,在這裡我們看到一隻可能有10或11吋長的鯊魚
09:21
swimming游泳的 in about a foot腳丫子 of water.
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游在只有一呎深的水中
09:23
But this is crucial關鍵 habitat棲息地 and it's where they spend the first two, three years年份 of their lives生活,
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然而這對鯊魚而言是非常重要的棲地,也是牠們出生後要待上二至三年的地方
09:26
until直到 they're big enough足夠 to go out on the rest休息 of the reef.
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直到牠們成長至能夠游出暗礁外的其他地方生活為止
09:29
After I left Bimini比米尼, I actually其實 learned學到了
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在我離開Bimini,我才知道
09:31
that this habitat棲息地 was being存在 bulldozed推土機推平
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這個棲地正被挖土機夷平
09:33
to create創建 a new golf高爾夫球 course課程 and resort採取.
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以打造一個全新的高爾夫球場以及度假勝地
09:36
And other recent最近 stories故事 have looked看著 at
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如果你願意,讓我們來看看一些最近其他的報導
09:38
single, flagship旗艦 species種類, if you will,
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關注於單一的旗艦物種
09:40
that are at risk風險 in the ocean海洋
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在海洋中所面臨的風險
09:42
as a way of talking about other threats威脅.
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作為說明其他威脅的一種方式
09:45
One such這樣 story故事 I did documented記錄 the leatherback皮海 sea turtle.
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其中一則關於棱龜的記錄報導
09:48
This is the largest最大, widest-ranging最寬的量程,
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這是所有海龜物種中最大、分布最廣的
09:50
deepest-diving最深的潛水 and oldest最老的 of all turtle species種類.
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棱龜也是所有海龜物種中活最久、可潛至最深者
09:53
Here we see a female crawling爬行
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這裡我們可以看到一雌性海龜正從月光下的
09:55
out of the ocean海洋 under moonlight月光
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海洋中爬出
09:57
on the island of Trinidad特立尼達.
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至Trinidad的小島上
09:59
These are animals動物 whose誰的 lineage血統 dates日期 back about 100 million百萬 years年份.
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這些海龜的家世可追朔至1億年前
10:02
And there was a time in their lifespan壽命
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在牠們一生的壽命中
10:04
where they were coming未來 out of the water to nest
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海龜也曾經爬出海面築巢
10:06
and saw Tyrannosaurus暴龍 rex雷克斯 running賽跑 by.
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看見雷克斯暴龍從眼前跑過
10:08
And today今天, they crawl爬行 out and see condominiums公寓.
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然而今日,牠們爬出海灘,映入眼前的卻是高樓大廈
10:11
But despite儘管 this amazing驚人 longevity長壽,
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儘管海龜的長壽令人驚奇
10:13
they're now considered考慮 critically危重 endangered瀕危.
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卻也瀕臨絕種
10:16
In the Pacific和平的, where I made製作 this photograph照片,
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在太平洋,我拍攝這張照片的地點
10:18
their stocks個股 have declined下降 about 90 percent百分
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牠們的存活量在過去的十五年中
10:20
in the last 15 years年份.
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大約降低了90%
10:22
This is a photograph照片 that shows節目 a hatchling幼體
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這是一張拍攝正在孵化
10:25
about to taste味道 saltwater鹽水 for the very first time
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準備品嘗生命中第一口海水的小海龜
10:27
beginning開始 this long and perilous journey旅程.
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正要展開這漫長而冒險的旅程
10:29
Only one in a thousand
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僅有一千分之一的
10:31
leatherback皮海 hatchlings幼體 will reach達到 maturity到期.
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棱皮龜孵化後會成熟
10:33
But that's due應有 to natural自然 predators大鱷
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這是由於大自然的掠食者所致
10:35
like vultures禿鷹 that pick them off on a beach海灘
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如禿鷹會將其叼起丟至海灘上
10:37
or predatory掠奪性 fish that are waiting等候 offshore海上.
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或是魚類會在岸邊等候掠食
10:40
Nature性質 has learned學到了 to compensate補償 with that,
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然而大自然會有其補償之道
10:42
and females女性 have multiple clutches離合器 of eggs
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例如雌性生物能夠一次產出很多蛋
10:44
to overcome克服 those odds可能性.
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來克服那些不利的局面
10:46
But what they can't deal合同 with is anthropogenic人為 stresses應力,
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然而牠們卻對人類的逼迫無能為力
10:49
human人的 things, like this picture圖片 that shows節目
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如這張照片所顯示
10:51
a leatherback皮海 caught抓住 at night in a gill net.
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一隻棱龜在深夜被刺網所捕
10:54
I actually其實 jumped跳下 in and photographed拍照 this,
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實際上此時我是在漁夫的許可之下
10:56
and with the fisherman's漁夫 permission允許,
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跳入水中並且拍攝了這張照片
10:58
I cut the turtle out, and it was able能夠 to swim游泳 free自由.
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我剪斷了網將海龜放出使牠可以重獲自由
11:00
But, you know, thousands數千 of other leatherbacks棱皮龜 each year
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但是,你知道每年有數以千計的棱龜
11:03
are not so fortunate幸運,
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並非如此幸運嗎?
11:05
and the species'種類' future未來 is in great danger危險.
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而那些物種的未來正面臨空前的危機
11:07
Another另一個 charismatic魅力 megafauna巨型動物 species種類 that I worked工作 with
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另一我所拍攝的具有吸引力的大型物種
11:10
is the story故事 I did on the right whale.
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為露脊鯨
11:12
And essentially實質上, the story故事 is this with right whales鯨魚,
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基本上,關於露脊鯨的報導是這樣的
11:14
that about a million百萬 years年份 ago, there was
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大約在一百萬年前
11:16
one species種類 of right whale on the planet行星,
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有一種露脊鯨物種是生存在陸地上的
11:18
but as land土地 masses群眾 moved移動 around and oceans海洋 became成為 isolated孤立,
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但是當大陸板塊移動,海洋被其分割
11:21
the species種類 sort分類 of separated分離,
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露脊鯨的物種便被分開了
11:23
and today今天 we have essentially實質上 two distinct不同 stocks個股.
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因此今日我們可以看到兩個不同的物種
11:25
We have the Southern南部的 right whale that we see here
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這裡我們可以看到南方露脊鯨
11:27
and the North Atlantic大西洋 right whale that we see here
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以及北大西洋露脊鯨母子
11:30
with a mom媽媽 and calf小牛 off the coast of Florida佛羅里達.
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正從佛羅里達的海岸離開
11:32
Now, both species種類 were hunted獵殺 to the brink邊緣 of extinction滅絕
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現今兩種物種皆因捕鯨者之故
11:34
by the early whalers捕鯨船,
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而瀕臨滅絕
11:36
but the Southern南部的 right whales鯨魚 have rebounded反彈 a lot better
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但是南方露脊鯨之生態得以有一些回復
11:38
because they're located位於 in places地方
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因為牠們所處的區域
11:40
farther更遠 away from human人的 activity活動.
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離人類活動較遠
11:42
The North Atlantic大西洋 right whale is listed上市 as
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北大西洋露脊鯨被列為
11:44
the most endangered瀕危 species種類 on the planet行星 today今天
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現今地球上瀕臨滅絕最嚴重的物種
11:46
because they are urban城市的 whales鯨魚; they live生活 along沿 the east coast
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因為牠們是都市鯨,沿著北美洲的
11:49
of North America美國, United聯合的 States狀態 and Canada加拿大,
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美國及加拿大東岸生活
11:51
and they have to deal合同 with all these urban城市的 ills弊病.
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而牠們必須歷經一些都市所造成的問題
11:54
This photo照片 shows節目 an animal動物 popping its head out at sunset日落 off the coast of Florida佛羅里達.
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這張照片為夕陽中海中生物,在離佛羅里達海岸不遠處探出頭來
11:57
You can see the coal煤炭 burning燃燒 plant in the background背景.
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你可以看到作為背景正在燃燒煤炭的工廠
12:00
They have to deal合同 with things like toxins毒素 and pharmaceuticals藥品
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這些鯨魚必須面對都市工廠排放、
12:02
that are flushed out into the ocean海洋,
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沖入海洋的毒素以及藥物
12:04
and maybe even affecting影響 their reproduction再生產.
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這類毒素以及藥物更有可能進一步影響其繁殖
12:06
They also get entangled糾纏 in fishing釣魚 gear齒輪.
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牠們也有可能被捲入漁具
12:08
This is a picture圖片 that shows節目 the tail尾巴 of a right whale.
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這是一隻露脊鯨的尾巴
12:11
And those white白色 markings標記 are not natural自然 markings標記.
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尾巴上那些白色斑點並非與生俱來
12:13
These are entanglement糾葛 scars傷疤.
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而是由於被捲入漁具所造成的疤痕
12:15
72 percent百分 of the population人口 has such這樣 scars傷疤,
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露脊鯨族群中約有72%的數量具有此疤痕
12:18
but most don't shed the gear齒輪, things like lobster龍蝦 traps陷阱 and crab螃蟹 pots.
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但是多數的生物卻無法從捕漁的工具逃脫,如龍蝦陷阱和捕蟹籠
12:21
They hold保持 on to them, and it eventually終於 kills殺死 them.
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這些裝置緊緊纏住牠們,最後殺死牠們
12:24
And the other problem問題 is they get hit擊中 by ships船舶.
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另一個問題則是海中的生物常遭漁船撞傷
12:26
And this was an animal動物 that was struck來襲 by a ship
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這張照片是在加拿大的Nova Scotia
12:28
in Nova新星 Scotia斯科舍省, Canada加拿大
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照片中的生物因被漁船撞擊而受了重傷
12:30
being存在 towed拖曳 in, where they did a necropsy屍體剖檢
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在拖回這隻動物後,他們進行驗屍
12:32
to confirm確認 the cause原因 of death死亡,
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來確定死因
12:34
which哪一個 was indeed確實 a ship strike罷工.
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而此死因確實是由漁船撞擊所致
12:36
So all of these ills弊病 are stacking堆疊 up against反對 these animals動物
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因此這些弊端皆針對這些生物
12:39
and keeping保持 their numbers數字 very low.
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導致這些生物的存活量非常少
12:41
And to draw a contrast對比 with that beleaguered陷入困境 North Atlantic大西洋 population人口,
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為了與北大西洋被包圍的族群對比
12:44
I went to a new pristine質樸 population人口 of Southern南部的 right whales鯨魚
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我找來了新的原始族群,南方露脊鯨作為比較
12:47
that had only been discovered發現 about 10 years年份 ago
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南方露脊鯨大約在十年前
12:49
in the sub-Antarctic次南極 of New Zealand新西蘭, a place地點 called the Auckland奧克蘭 Islands島嶼.
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才在紐西蘭的南極區域,一個叫做奧克蘭島群的地方被發現
12:52
I went down there in the winter冬季 time.
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我去到那邊時已是冬天
12:54
And these are animals動物 that had never seen看到 humans人類 before,
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這些南方露脊鯨從來沒有見過人類
12:56
and I was one of the first people they probably大概 had ever seen看到.
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而我可能是牠們第一個看見過的人類
12:58
And I got in the water with them,
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我潛到水中與牠們在一起
13:00
and I was amazed吃驚 at how curious好奇 they were.
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我很訝異牠們對我是如此好奇
13:02
This photograph照片 shows節目 my assistant助理 standing常設 on the bottom底部 at about 70 feet
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這張照片是我的助理站在約70呎深的海底
13:05
and one of these amazingly令人驚訝 beautiful美麗, 45-foot-腳丫子,
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這是一隻令人驚艷的鯨魚
13:08
70-ton-噸 whales鯨魚,
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45呎長,70噸重
13:10
like a city bus總線 just swimming游泳的 up, you know.
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你知道的,當牠游過身旁時,就像一部巴士開過
13:12
They were in perfect完善 condition條件,
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牠們的狀態良好
13:14
very fat脂肪 and healthy健康, robust強大的, no entanglement糾葛 scars傷疤,
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很肥、很健康、很壯碩,沒有被捲入器具所留下的疤痕
13:17
the way they're supposed應該 to look.
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這才應該是露脊鯨本來的樣貌
13:19
You know, I read that the pilgrims朝聖者, when they landed登陸 at Plymouth普利茅斯 Rock
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當我閱讀清教徒的歷史,他們在1620年於麻州
13:21
in Massachusetts馬薩諸塞 in 1620,
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的普利矛斯岩登陸
13:23
wrote that you could walk步行 across橫過 Cape Cod鱈魚 Bay
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文中寫到那時候人們可以騎在露脊鯨的背上
13:25
on the backs of right whales鯨魚.
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橫跨整個海德角海灣
13:27
And we can't go back and see that today今天,
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我們無法回到當時,也無法在今日看到當時的情景
13:29
but maybe we can preserve保留 what we have left.
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但是我們或許可以保護現在我們還擁有的
13:31
And I wanted to close this program程序 with a story故事 of hope希望,
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我想要在這篇關於海洋保育報導的最後
13:34
a story故事 I did on marine海洋 reserves儲量
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賦予這則故事希望
13:36
as sort分類 of a solution
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並且作為對於過度漁獵,全球魚類危機
13:38
to the problem問題 of overfishing過度捕撈, the global全球 fish crisis危機 story故事.
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的解決辦法
13:41
I settled安定 on working加工 in the country國家 of New Zealand新西蘭
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我在紐西蘭定居,並在那兒工作
13:43
because New Zealand新西蘭 was rather progressive進步,
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因為紐西蘭較為先進
13:45
and is rather progressive進步 in terms條款 of protecting保護 their ocean海洋.
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在對海洋的保育上也十分積極
13:48
And I really wanted this story故事 to be about three things:
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我希望這則報導與三件事有關
13:50
I wanted it to be about abundance豐富,
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我希望它是豐富、
13:52
about diversity多樣 and about resilience彈性.
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多樣性以及具有恢復性的
13:54
And one of the first places地方 I worked工作
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我第一個工作的地點
13:56
was a reserve保留 called Goat山羊 Island
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位在紐西蘭的Leigh
13:58
in Leigh of New Zealand新西蘭.
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一個叫做山羊島的保育地
14:00
What the scientists科學家們 there told me was that
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在那裏的科學家跟我說
14:02
when protected保護 this first marine海洋 reserve保留 in 1975,
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當1975年第一次開始海洋保育時
14:05
they hoped希望 and expected預期 that certain某些 things might威力 happen發生.
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他們希望並且期盼保育能夠有成效
14:08
For example, they hoped希望 that certain某些 species種類 of fish
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例如,他們希望特定的魚種
14:10
like the New Zealand新西蘭 snapper紅魚 would return返回
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如紐西蘭的真鯛能夠透過海洋保育而回到這片海洋中
14:12
because they had been fished捕魚 to the brink邊緣 of commercial廣告 extinction滅絕.
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為了商業發展的需求,真鯛曾來到了絕種的邊緣
14:15
And they did come back. What they couldn't不能 predict預測 was that other things would happen發生.
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如今牠們的確回到了紐西蘭海洋中。然而卻發生了保育學家們意料之外的事
14:18
For example, these fish
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例如這些魚種
14:20
predate on sea urchins海膽,
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會掠食海膽
14:22
and when the fish were all gone走了,
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當這些真鯛消失時
14:24
all anyone任何人 ever saw underwater水下
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每個人所看見的海底
14:26
was just acres and acres of sea urchins海膽.
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皆充斥者海膽
14:29
But when the fish came來了 back
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但當魚群們回到海洋中
14:31
and began開始 predating取食 and controlling控制 the urchin頑童 population人口,
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並且開始掠食以及控制海膽的族群數量
14:33
low and behold不料, kelp海帶 forests森林 emerged出現 in shallow water.
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慢慢的,淺水灘開始出現了大型藻類
14:36
And that's because the urchins海膽 eat kelp海帶.
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而由於海膽以海藻為食
14:39
So when the fish control控制 the urchin頑童 population人口,
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因此當魚群控制海膽族群數量時
14:42
the ocean海洋 was restored恢復 to its natural自然 equilibrium平衡.
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海洋得以回復自身的平衡
14:44
You know, this is probably大概 how the ocean海洋 looked看著 here
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你知道嗎,這或許是海洋一、兩百年前的樣貌
14:46
one or 200 years年份 ago, but nobody沒有人 was around to tell us.
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但是沒有人可以告訴我們是怎麼一回事
14:49
I worked工作 in other parts部分 of New Zealand新西蘭 as well,
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我也在紐西蘭的其他
14:51
in beautiful美麗, fragile脆弱, protected保護 areas
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美麗的、脆弱的以及受到保護的區域工作
14:54
like in Fiordland峽灣, where this sea pen鋼筆 colony殖民地 was found發現.
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像是在Fiordland,則發現了海筆的群落
14:57
Little blue藍色 cod鱈魚 swimming游泳的 in for a dash短跑 of color顏色.
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藍色的小鱈魚也在紐西蘭的北邊游曳
15:00
In the northern北方 part部分 of New Zealand新西蘭,
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增添一抹色彩
15:02
I dove鴿子 in the blue藍色 water, where the water's水的 a little warmer回暖,
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我潛在藍色的海水中,拍攝海底生物,那裏的海水稍微暖些
15:05
and photographed拍照 animals動物 like this giant巨人 sting ray射線
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照片中這隻大型的魟魚
15:07
swimming游泳的 through通過 an underwater水下 canyon峽谷.
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正游過海底的峽谷
15:09
Every一切 part部分 of the ecosystem生態系統 in this place地點
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在這個區域,生態系統中的每一個環節
15:11
seems似乎 very healthy健康,
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看起來皆十分健康
15:13
from tiny, little animals動物 like a nudibranknudibrank
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從渺小的生物如海蛞蝓
15:15
crawling爬行 over encrusting包皮 sponge海綿
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由結殼海綿上爬過
15:17
or a leatherjacket皮夾克
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或是一隻剝皮魚(馬面單棘魨)
15:19
that is a very important重要 animal動物 in this ecosystem生態系統
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這隻生物在生態系統中扮演著十分重要的角色
15:21
because it grazes擦傷 on the bottom底部 and allows允許 new life to take hold保持.
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因為當牠們浮掠過海底上方,並使新生命得以在此根生
15:25
And I wanted to finish with this photograph照片,
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我希望以一張
15:27
a picture圖片 I made製作 on a very stormy暴風雨 day in New Zealand新西蘭
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在紐西蘭的暴風雨天所拍攝的照片來完結這個主題
15:30
when I just laid鋪設 on the bottom底部
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當我躺在海底
15:32
amidst煙雨 a school學校 of fish swirling紛飛 around me.
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一群魚兒在我身邊游曳著
15:34
And I was in a place地點 that had only been protected保護
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我在一處大約20年前
15:36
about 20 years年份 ago.
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才受到保育的地方
15:38
And I talked to divers潛水員 that had been diving潛水 there for many許多 years年份,
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當我與在這裡潛水多年的潛水者交談時
15:41
and they said that the marine海洋 life was better here today今天
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他們告訴我今日的海洋生態與1960年代相較
15:43
than it was in the 1960s.
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已經改善許多
15:45
And that's because it's been protected保護,
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這全是由於這個區域受到保育之故
15:47
that it has come back.
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使得海洋生態得以回復原貌
15:49
So I think the message信息 is clear明確.
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因此我認為我想要傳達的訊息已十分明確
15:51
The ocean海洋 is, indeed確實, resilient彈性 and tolerant寬容 to a point,
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即海洋在某種程度上是可以容忍我們的捕獵、破壞,且具有回復力的
15:54
but we must必須 be good custodians保管人.
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但是我們取之有道並且懂得節制
15:56
I became成為 an underwater水下 photographer攝影師
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我會成為一名海面下的攝影師
15:58
because I fell下跌 in love with the sea,
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是因為我愛上了這片海洋
16:00
and I make pictures圖片 of it today今天 because I want to protect保護 it,
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我今日我在這裡為大家呈現我所拍攝的照片,是因為我想保護這個海洋
16:03
and I don't think it's too late晚了.
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而我並不認為這樣做太遲
16:05
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝你的聆聽
Translated by Yi-Hsien Cheng
Reviewed by Lin Su-Wei()

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Skerry - Photographer
Brian Skerry is a photojournalist who captures images that not only celebrate the mystery and beauty of the sea but also bring attention to the pressing issue which endanger our oceans.

Why you should listen

Using the camera as his tool of communication, Brian Skerry has spent the past three decades telling the stories of the ocean. His images portray not only the aesthetic wonder of the ocean but display an intense journalistic drive for relevance. Skerry's work brings to light the many pressing issues facing our oceans and its inhabitants. Typically spending eight months of the year in the field, he often face extreme conditions to capture his subjects. He has lived on the bottom of the sea, spent months aboard fishing boats and dived beneath the Arctic ice to get his shot. He has spent over 10,000 hours underwater.

A contract photographer for National Geographic Magazine since 1998, Brian Skerry has had twelve stories published in the magazine with several more upcoming.

More profile about the speaker
Brian Skerry | Speaker | TED.com