ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.

Why you should listen

Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.

Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence. 

More profile about the speaker
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women

汉娜 罗森: 女性崛起的新数据

Filmed:
1,047,470 views

汉娜 罗森回顾了表明女性在某些重要领域超越男性的一些显著的新数据,例如大学毕业率。这些不仅以美国为中心还在整个世界都流行的趋势是否预示着“男性时代的结束”?也许并非如此--但这些表明社会变化的数据值得揣摩。
- Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
We are now going through通过 an amazing惊人 and unprecedented史无前例 moment时刻
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我们现在正在经历着一个惊人的,史无前例的时刻
00:18
where the power功率 dynamics动力学 between之间 men男人 and women妇女
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男人和女人之间的力量
00:20
are shifting very rapidly急速,
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正在迅速地转换着。
00:23
and in many许多 of the places地方 where it counts计数 the most,
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并且在很多重要的地方,
00:25
women妇女 are, in fact事实, taking服用 control控制 of everything.
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女性,实际上,控制着一切。
00:28
In my mother's母亲 day, she didn't go to college学院.
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在我母亲的那个时代,她没有上过大学。
00:30
Not a lot of women妇女 did.
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大部分女性都没上大学。
00:32
And now, for every一切 two men男人 who get a college学院 degree,
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然而如今,在五个获得大学学位的人中,
00:35
three women妇女 will do the same相同.
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两名是男性而三名是女性。
00:37
Women妇女, for the first time this year,
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女性,这一年头一次,
00:39
became成为 the majority多数 of the American美国 workforce劳动力.
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成为了美国劳动力的多数。
00:41
And they're starting开始 to dominate支配 lots of professions职业 --
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并且她们逐渐开始主导很多职业--
00:44
doctors医生, lawyers律师,
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医生,律师,
00:46
bankers银行家, accountants会计师.
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银行家,会计师。
00:48
Over 50 percent百分 of managers经理 are women妇女 these days,
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目前超过百分之五十的经理是女性。
00:51
and in the 15 professions职业
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预计将在未来十年中
00:53
projected预计 to grow增长 the most in the next下一个 decade,
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发展最快的十五个行业中,
00:55
all but two of them are dominated占主导地位 by women妇女.
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有十三个行业被女性主导。
00:57
So the global全球 economy经济 is becoming变得 a place地点
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也就是说在全球经济上
00:59
where women妇女 are more successful成功 than men男人,
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女性比男性更加成功。
01:01
believe it or not,
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信不信由你,
01:03
and these economic经济 changes变化
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这些经济变化
01:05
are starting开始 to rapidly急速 affect影响 our culture文化 --
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将迅速地影响我们的文化--
01:07
what our romantic浪漫 comedies喜剧 look like,
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影响我们的浪漫喜剧,
01:09
what our marriages婚姻 look like,
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我们的婚姻,
01:11
what our dating约会 lives生活 look like,
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我们的恋爱,
01:13
and our new set of superheroes超级英雄.
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和我们新一代的超级英雄。
01:15
For a long time, this is the image图片 of American美国 manhood男子气概 that dominated占主导地位 --
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很长一段时间,占主导地位的美国男子气概的形象是这样的--
01:18
tough强硬, rugged崎岖,
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坚韧的,粗犷的,
01:20
in control控制 of his own拥有 environment环境.
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能够控制他的周围环境。
01:22
A few少数 years年份 ago, the Marlboro万宝路 Man was retired退休
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几年前,这个万宝路男人退休了
01:24
and replaced更换 by this
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并且被这个
01:26
much less impressive有声有色 specimen标本,
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给人印象不深的家伙,
01:28
who is a parody滑稽模仿 of American美国 manhood男子气概,
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一个恶搞美国男子气概的人所替代了。
01:30
and that's what we have in our commercials广告 today今天.
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这就是我们现在的广告。
01:33
The phrase短语 "first-born第一胎 son儿子"
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'头胎生子'的俗语
01:35
is so deeply ingrained根深蒂固 in our consciousness意识
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是如此根深蒂固地在我们的意识中
01:38
that this statistic统计 alone单独 shocked吃惊 me.
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以至于这个统计数据使我十分震惊。
01:40
In American美国 fertility生育能力 clinics诊所,
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在美国生育诊所,
01:42
75 percent百分 of couples情侣
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百分之七十五的夫妇
01:44
are requesting请求 girls女孩 and not boys男孩.
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希望生个女孩而非男孩。
01:46
And in places地方 where you wouldn't不会 think,
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在一些你想象不到的地方,
01:48
such这样 as South Korea韩国, India印度 and China中国,
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如,韩国,印度和中国,
01:51
the very strict严格 patriarchal重男轻女 societies社会
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这些非常严谨的父系社会
01:53
are starting开始 to break打破 down a little,
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体系正被打破,
01:55
and families家庭 are no longer
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而这些家庭们也不再
01:57
strongly非常 preferring宁愿 first-born第一胎 sons儿子.
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强烈地偏好儿子。
02:00
If you think about this, if you just open打开 your eyes眼睛 to this possibility可能性
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如果你想到这些,如果你向这些可能性睁开你的眼睛
02:03
and start开始 to connect the dots,
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并且开始连接这些点,
02:05
you can see the evidence证据 everywhere到处.
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你可以看见证据无所不在。
02:07
You can see it in college学院 graduation毕业 patterns模式,
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你可以看见它体现在大学的毕业形势中,
02:09
in job工作 projections预测,
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在工作规划中,
02:11
in our marriage婚姻 statistics统计,
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在我们的婚姻统计中,
02:13
you can see it in the Icelandic冰岛的 elections选举, which哪一个 you'll你会 hear about later后来,
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在后面你也会看到,还体现在冰岛的大选中,
02:16
and you can see it on South Korean朝鲜的 surveys调查 on son儿子 preference偏爱,
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而且你可以从韩国对儿子的偏好的调查数据中,
02:19
that something amazing惊人 and unprecedented史无前例
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看到关于女性的
02:21
is happening事件 with women妇女.
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一些惊人的史无前例的事件正在发生。
02:23
Certainly当然 this is not the first time that we've我们已经 had great progress进展 with women妇女.
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当然这不是女性第一次的巨大进步。
02:26
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind心神.
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又比如二十年代和六十年代。
02:29
But the difference区别 is that, back then,
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但不同的是,在当时,
02:31
it was driven驱动 by a very passionate多情 feminist女权主义者 movement运动
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是被一个试图实现自身欲望的
02:34
that was trying to project项目 its own拥有 desires欲望,
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非常激烈的女性运动所驱动,
02:36
whereas this time, it's not about passion,
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而这次,不是关于激情,
02:38
and it's not about any kind of movement运动.
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也不是关于什么运动。
02:40
This is really just about the facts事实
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这真的是仅仅关于
02:42
of this economic经济 moment时刻 that we live生活 in.
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我们现在所处的经济状态的现实。
02:44
The 200,000-year-年 period
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这二十万年
02:46
in which哪一个 men男人 have been top最佳 dog
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男人当权的时代
02:48
is truly coming未来 to an end结束, believe it or not,
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正走向尽头,信不信由你,
02:51
and that's why I talk about the "end结束 of men男人."
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这就是为什么我说是男人的尽头。
02:54
Now all you men男人 out there,
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所有在座的各位男士,
02:56
this is not the moment时刻 where you tune out or throw some tomatoes番茄,
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现在并不用漠视我或扔给我西红柿,
02:59
because the point is that this
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因为重点是
03:01
is happening事件 to all of us.
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这正发生在我们每个人身上。
03:03
I myself have a husband丈夫 and a father父亲
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我有一位丈夫和一位父亲
03:06
and two sons儿子 whom I dearly深深地 love.
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和两个我深爱着的儿子。
03:08
And this is why I like to talk about this,
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这也正是为什么我想谈论这个,
03:10
because if we don't acknowledge确认 it,
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因为如果我们不承认它,
03:12
then the transition过渡 will be pretty漂亮 painful痛苦.
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那么这个演变将会十分地痛苦。
03:14
But if we do take account帐户 of it,
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但是如果我们重视它,
03:16
then I think it will go much more smoothly顺利.
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我认为它将演变的更加平稳。
03:19
I first started开始 thinking思维 about this about a year and a half ago.
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我第一次考虑到这件事的时候大约是在一年半之前。
03:22
I was reading headlines新闻头条 about the recession不景气 just like anyone任何人 else其他,
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我和所有人一样在阅读关于经济萎靡的头条新闻,
03:25
and I started开始 to notice注意 a distinct不同 pattern模式 --
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我发现了一个独特的模式--
03:27
that the recession不景气 was affecting影响 men男人
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经济衰退影响男人的程度
03:30
much more deeply than it was affecting影响 women妇女.
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大于对女人的影响程度。
03:32
And I remembered记得 back to about 10 years年份 ago
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我还记得大约十年前
03:34
when I read a book by Susan苏珊 Faludi露迪
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当我在读苏珊·法露迪的
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called "Stiffed加劲: The Betrayal辜负 of the American美国 Man,"
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“失信:美国男人的背叛”这本书
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in which哪一个 she described描述 how hard the recession不景气 had hit击中 men男人,
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书中她描述了经济衰退是如何剧烈地影响男人们。
03:43
and I started开始 to think about
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我于是开始想
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whether是否 it had gotten得到 worse更差 this time around in this recession不景气.
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是否这次经济衰退更糟呢?
03:48
And I realized实现 that two things were different不同 this time around.
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然后我意识到了这次有两件事情不同。
03:51
The first was that
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第一件事就是
03:53
these were no longer just temporary临时 hits点击
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经济衰退带给男人们的
03:55
that the recession不景气 was giving men男人 --
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不再是暂时的冲击--
03:57
that this was reflecting反映 a deeper更深
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这映射出我们全球经济的
03:59
underlying底层 shift转移 in our global全球 economy经济.
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深层的变化。
04:01
And second第二, that the story故事 was no longer
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第二,这不再
04:03
just about the crisis危机 of men男人,
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仅仅是男人们的危机,
04:05
but it was also about what was happening事件 to women妇女.
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还对女人们产生了影响。
04:07
And now look at this second第二 set of slides幻灯片.
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现在请看第二组幻灯片。
04:09
These are headlines新闻头条 about what's been going on with women妇女 in the next下一个 few少数 years年份.
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这些标题是关于接下来的几年内女性们将发生什么样的变化。
04:12
These are things we never could have imagined想象 a few少数 years年份 ago.
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有些事情是我们在过去这些年从未想到过的。
04:15
Women妇女, a majority多数 of the workplace职场.
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女人,劳动力的主体。
04:17
And labor劳动 statistics统计: women妇女 take up most managerial管理的 jobs工作.
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劳动力统计结果:女性占据大部分的管理层工作。
04:20
This second第二 set of headlines新闻头条 --
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第二个标题:
04:22
you can see that families家庭 and marriages婚姻 are starting开始 to shift转移.
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你可以看到家庭和婚姻正在开始发生变化。
04:25
And look at that last headline标题 --
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再来看看最后一个标题:
04:27
young年轻 women妇女 earning盈利 more than young年轻 men男人.
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年轻女性比年轻男性挣的更多。
04:29
That particular特定 headline标题 comes to me from a market市场 research研究 firm公司.
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这个标题来源于一个市场调查公司。
04:32
They were basically基本上 asked by one of their clients客户
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他们被一个客户询问
04:35
who was going to buy购买 houses房屋 in that neighborhood邻里 in the future未来.
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谁将购买那样一个街区的房子。
04:38
And they expected预期 that it would be young年轻 families家庭,
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他们预测将会是年轻的家庭,
04:40
or young年轻 men男人, just like it had always been.
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或者青年,一如既往。
04:42
But in fact事实, they found发现 something very surprising奇怪.
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但事实上,他们惊奇地发现
04:44
It was young年轻, single women妇女
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那样一个街区房子的主要买主
04:46
who were the major重大的 purchasers购买 of houses房屋 in the neighborhood邻里.
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是一个年轻的,单身女性。
04:49
And so they decided决定, because they were intrigued好奇 by this finding发现,
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因为他们的好奇心被激起了,因此,他们决定
04:52
to do a nationwide全国 survey调查.
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去做一个全国性的调查。
04:54
So they spread传播 out all the census人口调查 data数据,
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他们分析了所有的人口统计数据,
04:56
and what they found发现, the guy described描述 to me as a shocker令人震惊,
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他们发现,他的描述对我而言是一个震惊,
04:59
which哪一个 is that in 1,997
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在一九九七年,
05:02
out of 2,000 communities社区,
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两千个社区中,
05:04
women妇女, young年轻 women妇女,
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女性,年轻女性,
05:06
were making制造 more money than young年轻 men男人.
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比年轻男性挣得更多。
05:08
So here you have a generation of young年轻 women妇女
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这一代的年轻女性
05:10
who grow增长 up thinking思维 of themselves他们自己
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在“她们是
05:12
as being存在 more powerful强大 earners
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比其周围年轻男性
05:14
than the young年轻 men男人 around them.
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更强大的挣钱者”的想法中成长。
05:16
Now, I've just laid铺设 out the picture图片 for you,
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现在,我仅仅将这些画面展示给你,
05:19
but I still haven't没有 explained解释 to you why this is happening事件.
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我还未向你们解释为什么这些事情会发生。
05:22
And in a moment时刻, I'm going to show显示 you a graph图形,
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过一会,我将向你们展示一个图表,
05:24
and what you'll你会 see on this graph图形 --
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你可以从这个图表中看到--
05:26
it begins开始 in 1973,
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从一九七三年开始,
05:28
just before women妇女 start开始 flooding洪水 the workforce劳动力,
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在女性充斥劳动力市场之前,
05:30
and it brings带来 us up to our current当前 day.
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转移到今天。
05:33
And basically基本上 what you'll你会 see
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基本上你看到的
05:35
is what economists经济学家 talk about
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就是经济学家谈论的
05:37
as the polarization极化 of the economy经济.
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经济两极分化。
05:39
Now what does that mean?
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这表明了什么呢?
05:41
It means手段 that the economy经济 is dividing into high-skill高技能, high-wage高工资 jobs工作
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这表明经济被分为高技术、高薪工作
05:44
and low-skill低技能, low-wage低工资 jobs工作 --
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和低技术、低薪工作--
05:46
and that the middle中间, the middle-skill中等技能 jobs工作,
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在这中间,中等技术工作,
05:49
and the middle-earning中等收入 jobs工作, are starting开始 to drop下降 out of the economy经济.
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中薪工作正愈消亡。
05:52
This has been going on for 40 years年份 now.
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这已经持续发生了四十年。
05:54
But this process处理 is affecting影响 men男人
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但是这个过程对男人
05:56
very differently不同 than it's affecting影响 women妇女.
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和女人的影响是十分不同的。
05:58
You'll你会 see the women妇女 in red, and you'll你会 see the men男人 in blue蓝色.
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红色的是女人,蓝色的是男人。
06:01
You'll你会 watch them both drop下降 out of the middle中间 class,
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你可以看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来,
06:04
but see what happens发生 to women妇女 and see what happens发生 to men男人.
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但是看看女人发生了什么,男人又发生了什么变化。
06:08
There we go.
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这就对了。
06:10
So watch that. You see them both drop下降 out of the middle中间 class.
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看那个,你看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来。
06:13
Watch what happens发生 to the women妇女. Watch what happens发生 to the men男人.
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看看女人发生了什么变化,男人又发生了什么变化。
06:16
The men男人 sort分类 of stagnate凝滞 there,
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男人在这里似乎停滞了,
06:18
while the women妇女 zoom放大 up in those high-skill高技能 jobs工作.
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但女人急涨至高技术工作中。
06:20
So what's that about?
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到底怎么回事?
06:22
It looks容貌 like women妇女 got some power功率 boost促进 on a video视频 game游戏,
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看起来好像女人像是电子游戏里一样得到很多的力量。
06:25
or like they snuck偷传 in some secret秘密 serum血清 into their birth-control计划生育 pills
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或者在她们的避孕药丸中偷偷地得到了种神奇的浆液
06:28
that lets让我们 them shoot射击 up high.
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从而使得她们崛起。
06:30
But of course课程, it's not about that.
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当然不是那样。
06:32
What it's about is that the economy经济 has changed a lot.
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其原因就是经济变化了很多。
06:35
We used to have a manufacturing制造业 economy经济,
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我们曾拥有一个制造性经济,
06:37
which哪一个 was about building建造 goods产品 and products制品,
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也就是制造商品,
06:39
and now we have a service服务 economy经济
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现在我们是服务性经济
06:42
and an information信息 and creative创作的 economy经济.
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一个信息化和创造性的经济。
06:44
Those two economies经济 require要求 very different不同 skills技能,
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这两个经济模式要求十分不相同的技能。
06:47
and as it happens发生, women妇女 have been much better
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正是由于这个变化,女性
06:49
at acquiring收购 the new set of skills技能 than men男人 have been.
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比男性更好地获取新的技术。
06:52
It used to be that you were
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曾经是这样的,
06:54
a guy who went to high school学校
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你从高中学校出来,
06:56
who didn't have a college学院 degree,
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没有大学文凭,
06:58
but you had a specific具体 set of skills技能,
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但是你有一些特殊的技能,
07:00
and with the help of a union联盟,
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借助于工会的帮助,
07:02
you could make yourself你自己 a pretty漂亮 good middle-class中产阶级 life.
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你可以让自己过上很不错的中产阶级的生活。
07:04
But that really isn't true真正 anymore.
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但是现在不再是这样了。
07:06
This new economy经济 is pretty漂亮 indifferent冷漠
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新经济对个头和力量
07:08
to size尺寸 and strength强度,
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不再依赖,
07:10
which哪一个 is what's helped帮助 men男人 along沿 all these years年份.
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过去的时间里对于个头和力量的依赖显然帮助了男人。
07:12
What the economy经济 requires要求 now
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现在的经济要求的
07:14
is a whole整个 different不同 set of skills技能.
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是完全不一样的技术。
07:16
You basically基本上 need intelligence情报,
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基本上你需要智力,
07:18
you need an ability能力 to sit still and focus焦点,
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你需要能够稳定地坐着并保持集中,
07:21
to communicate通信 openly公然,
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开放地交流
07:23
to be able能够 to listen to people
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能够倾听别人
07:25
and to operate操作 in a workplace职场 that is much more fluid流体 than it used to be,
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能够在一个更流动的工作场所下作业。
07:28
and those are things that women妇女 do extremely非常 well,
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这些正是女人们可以做的非常的好,
07:30
as we're seeing眼看.
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正如我们所见。
07:32
If you look at management管理 theory理论 these days,
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如果你观察一下当今的管理理论,
07:34
it used to be that our ideal理想 leader领导
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我们曾经的理想化的领导是
07:36
sounded满面 something like General一般 Patton巴顿, right?
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像乔治-巴顿一样的人。
07:38
You would be issuing发行 orders命令 from above以上.
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你可以从上向下发令。
07:40
You would be very hierarchical分级.
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你可以非常的阶级化。
07:42
You would tell everyone大家 below下面 you what to do.
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你可以告诉你下面的每一个人做什么。
07:44
But that's not what an ideal理想 leader领导 is like now.
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但是这不再是今天的理想化领导。
07:46
If you read management管理 books图书 now,
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如果你现在读管理类的书,
07:48
a leader领导 is somebody who can foster培育 creativity创造力,
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领导是那种可以激发创造力,
07:51
who can get his -- get the employees雇员 -- see, I still say "his" --
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可以令他的--员工们--看吧,我仍然说“他的”--
07:54
who can get the employees雇员 to talk to each other,
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让员工们相互交谈,
07:56
who can basically基本上 build建立 teams球队 and get them to be creative创作的.
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可以组建团队并令他们拥有创造力的人。
07:59
And those are all things that women妇女 do very well.
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女性可以将所有这些事情做的非常的好。
08:02
And then on top最佳 of that, that's created创建 a kind of cascading级联 effect影响.
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再加上,(她们)创造了一种级联效应。
08:05
Women妇女 enter输入 the workplace职场 at the top最佳,
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女人进入工作场所的上级,
08:07
and then at the working加工 class,
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然后在工薪阶层,
08:09
all the new jobs工作 that are created创建
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所有被创造的新工作
08:11
are the kinds of jobs工作 that wives妻子 used to do for free自由 at home.
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曾是主妇们在家里做的免费的工作。
08:14
So that's childcare育儿,
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也就是照看小孩,
08:16
elder长老 care关心 and food餐饮 preparation制备.
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照顾老年人和准备食物。
08:18
So those are all the jobs工作 that are growing生长,
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这些工作正在增加,
08:20
and those are jobs工作 that women妇女 tend趋向 to do.
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这些工作也正是女人们愿意去做的。
08:22
Now one day it might威力 be
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有一天
08:24
that mothers母亲 will hire聘请 an out-of-work外的工作,
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妈妈们将雇佣一名失业的,
08:27
middle-aged中年, former前任的 steelworker钢铁工人 guy
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中年,曾为造铁工人的男人
08:29
to watch their children孩子 at home,
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在家里照看他们的小孩,
08:31
and that would be good for the men男人, but that hasn't有没有 quite相当 happened发生 yet然而.
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这对男人也有好处,但是这至今还没有发生。
08:34
To see what's going to happen发生, you can't just look at the workforce劳动力 that is now,
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想知道发生了什么,你不能仅观察现在的工作情形,
08:37
you have to look at our future未来 workforce劳动力.
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你需要观察未来的工作情形。
08:40
And here the story故事 is fairly相当 simple简单.
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这其实很简单。
08:43
Women妇女 are getting得到 college学院 degrees
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女人们正在以一个
08:45
at a faster更快 rate than men男人.
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比男人们更快的速度获得大学学位。
08:47
Why? This is a real真实 mystery神秘.
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为什么?这的确不可思议。
08:49
People have asked men男人, why don't they just go back to college学院,
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人们问男人,为什么不回到大学,
08:52
to community社区 college学院, say, and retool重新装备 themselves他们自己,
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回到社区大学,重组自己,
08:54
learn学习 a new set of skills技能?
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学一些新的技术。
08:56
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable不舒服 doing that.
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事实上他们对此感到十分的不舒服。
08:59
They're used to thinking思维 of themselves他们自己 as providers供应商,
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他们习惯于认为他们是提供者,
09:01
and they can't seem似乎 to build建立 the social社会 networks网络
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他们似乎看起来不能社会关系网
09:03
that allow允许 them to get through通过 college学院.
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来允许他们完成大学。
09:05
So for some reason原因
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因此,
09:07
men男人 just don't end结束 up going back to college学院.
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男人最终不能返回学校。
09:09
And what's even more disturbing烦扰的
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更加令人不安的是
09:11
is what's happening事件 with younger更年轻 boys男孩.
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发生在年轻的男孩子身上的事情。
09:13
There's been about a decade of research研究
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这有一个进行了大约十年的调查
09:15
about what people are calling调用 the "boy男孩 crisis危机."
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关于人们所谓的男生危机是什么。
09:17
Now the boy男孩 crisis危机 is this idea理念
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现在的男生危机是
09:19
that very young年轻 boys男孩, for whatever随你 reason原因,
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年幼的男生,不知道为什么,
09:22
are doing worse更差 in school学校 than very young年轻 girls女孩,
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在学校里表现得比年幼的女生差。
09:25
and people have theories理论 about that.
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人们有关于这件事情的理论。
09:27
Is it because we have an excessively过分地 verbal口头 curriculum课程,
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是因为我们有过多的语言课程,
09:29
and little girls女孩 are better at that than little boys男孩?
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小女孩在这个方面比男孩做得更好吗?
09:31
Or that we require要求 kids孩子 to sit still too much,
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又或者是我们过多地要求孩子们坐着不动
09:34
and so boys男孩 initially原来 feel like failures故障?
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所以男孩子们觉得很失败?
09:36
And some people say it's because,
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有一些人说因为,
09:38
in 9th grade年级, boys男孩 start开始 dropping落下 out of school学校.
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在九年级的时候,男孩子开始退学。
09:40
Because I'm writing写作 a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,
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因为我在写一本关于这个的书,我仍然在做调查,
09:43
so I don't have the answer回答.
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所以我还没有结果。
09:45
But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide全世界 education教育 expert专家,
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但同时,我将呼吁世界级教育专家,
09:48
who's谁是 my 10-year-old-岁 daughter女儿, Noa诺亚,
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也就是我十岁的女儿,诺亚,
09:50
to talk to you about
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和你们谈谈
09:52
why the boys男孩 in her class do worse更差.
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为什么男孩子在他们班表现比较差。
09:55
(Video视频) Noa诺亚: The girls女孩 are obviously明显 smarter聪明.
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(视频)诺亚:女生的确更聪明。
09:57
I mean they have much larger vocabulary词汇.
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我是说她们有更多的词汇量。
10:00
They learn学习 much faster更快.
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她们学得更快。
10:02
They are more controlled受控.
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她们更遵守纪律。
10:04
On the board today今天 for losing失去 recess凹槽 tomorrow明天, only boys男孩.
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在今天的黑板上只有男生被罚失去明天的休息时间。
10:07
Hanna汉娜 Rosin松香: And why is that?
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汉娜 罗森:为什么呢?
10:09
Noa诺亚: Why? They were just not listening to the class
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诺亚:为什么?他们不听讲
10:11
while the girls女孩 satSAT there very nicely很好.
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而女生坐得很端正。
10:13
HRHR: So there you go.
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汉娜 罗森:所以你现在知道了。
10:15
This whole整个 thesis论文 really came来了 home to me
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这个论文
10:17
when I went to visit访问 a college学院 in Kansas堪萨斯 City --
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是当我在访问堪萨斯市的一所大学时决定的--
10:20
working-class工人阶级 college学院.
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一所工薪阶层的大学。
10:22
Certainly当然, when I was in college学院, I had certain某些 expectations期望 about my life --
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当然当我在大学的时候,我对我的人生有非常明确的期望--
10:25
that my husband丈夫 and I would both work,
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我的丈夫和我都工作,
10:28
and that we would equally一样 raise提高 the children孩子.
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我们平等地共同抚养孩子。
10:30
But these college学院 girls女孩
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但是这些大学女孩儿们
10:32
had a completely全然 different不同 view视图 of their future未来.
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对她们的未来有着完全不同的看法。
10:34
Basically基本上, the way they said it to me is
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基本上,他们对我说的是,
10:37
that they would be working加工 18 hours小时 a day,
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他们将一天工作十八个小时,
10:39
that their husband丈夫 would maybe have a job工作,
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他们的丈夫有可能有工作,
10:41
but that mostly大多 he would be at home taking服用 care关心 of the kiddies小子.
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但是大部分他们将在家里照看孩子。
10:44
And this was kind of a shocker令人震惊 to me.
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这对我来说是一个震惊。
10:46
And then here's这里的 my favorite喜爱 quote引用 from one of the girls女孩:
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这个是我最喜欢的一个女孩的话:
10:48
"Men男人 are the new ball and chain."
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“男人是新的累赘”
10:51
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:54
Now you laugh,
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你觉得好笑,
10:56
but that quote引用 has kind of a sting to it, right?
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但是那句话有些刺痛,对吧。
10:58
And I think the reason原因 it has a sting
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我认为它有刺的原因
11:00
is because thousands数千 of years年份 of history历史
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是因为数千年的历史
11:02
don't reverse相反 themselves他们自己
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是不会颠覆,
11:04
without a lot of pain疼痛,
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如果没有疼痛的话。
11:06
and that's why I talk about
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这也是为什么我谈到
11:08
us all going through通过 this together一起.
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我们都将一起经历这个。
11:11
The night after I talked to these college学院 girls女孩,
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在我和这些大学女孩儿谈过之后的那天夜里,
11:13
I also went to a men's男装 group in Kansas堪萨斯,
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我也去访问了在堪萨斯州的一个男生团体。
11:15
and these were exactly究竟 the kind of victims受害者 of the manufacturing制造业 economy经济
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这些正是制造业经济的受害者,
11:18
which哪一个 I spoke to you about earlier.
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正如我较早前对你们说的。
11:20
They were men男人 who had been contractors承包商,
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他们是那些曾经的承包商,
11:22
or they had been building建造 houses房屋
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或者他们曾建造房屋
11:24
and they had lost丢失 their jobs工作 after the housing住房 boom繁荣,
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在房屋建造繁荣期过去之后他们失去了工作,
11:26
and they were in this group because they were failing失败 to pay工资 their child儿童 support支持.
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他们属于这个团体因为他们不能为他们的孩子支付抚养费。
11:29
And the instructor讲师 was up there in the class
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指导者站在教室前
11:31
explaining说明 to them all the ways方法
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向他们解释
11:33
in which哪一个 they had lost丢失 their identity身分 in this new age年龄.
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他们是如何在新时代失去他们的身份。
11:36
He was telling告诉 them they no longer had any moral道德 authority权威,
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他告诉他们,他们不再有任何道义上的权威,
11:39
that nobody没有人 needed需要 them for emotional情绪化 support支持 anymore,
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没有人需要他们来作为情感上的支撑,
11:41
and they were not really the providers供应商.
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他们也不是提供者。
11:43
So who were they?
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那么他们是谁呢?
11:45
And this was very disheartening令人沮丧 for them.
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这对他们来说是十分的沮丧的。
11:47
And what he did was he wrote down on the board
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他所作的就是在黑板上写下
11:49
"$85,000,"
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八万五千美元,
11:51
and he said, "That's her salary薪水,"
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然后他说,“这是她的工资。”
11:53
and then he wrote down "$12,000."
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然后他写下一万两千美金。
11:56
"That's your salary薪水.
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“这是你的工资。
11:58
So who's谁是 the man now?" he asked them.
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那么现在谁是一家之主?” 他问他们。
12:00
"Who's谁是 the damn该死的 man?
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“谁是那个一家之主?
12:02
She's the man now."
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她现在成了一家之主。”
12:04
And that really sent发送 a shudder不寒而栗 through通过 the room房间.
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那真的使整个屋子颤栗。
12:06
And that's part部分 of the reason原因 I like to talk about this,
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那也是我想要谈论这个的一部分原因,
12:08
because I think it can be pretty漂亮 painful痛苦,
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因为我认为它可以很刺痛,
12:10
and we really have to work through通过 it.
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我们也的确需要攻克它。
12:12
And the other reason原因 it's kind of urgent紧急
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这件事情比较紧急的另一个原因是
12:14
is because it's not just happening事件 in the U.S.
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因为它不仅仅发生在美国。
12:16
It's happening事件 all over the world世界.
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它发生在整个世界。
12:18
In India印度, poor较差的 women妇女 are learning学习 English英语
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在印度,贫穷的女人们学习英语
12:20
faster更快 than their male counterparts同行
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比男同伴们更快
12:22
in order订购 to staff员工 the new call centers中心
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为了应聘在印度
12:24
that are growing生长 in India印度.
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迅速发展的客服中心。
12:26
In China中国, a lot of the opening开盘 up of private私人的 entrepreneurship创业
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在中国,很多私人企业家
12:29
is happening事件 because women妇女 are starting开始 businesses企业,
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正在崛起,因为女人们开始着手于商业,
12:31
small businesses企业, faster更快 than men男人.
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小型商业,比男人更快。
12:33
And here's这里的 my favorite喜爱 example, which哪一个 is in South Korea韩国.
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这是我最喜欢的一个例子,在韩国。
12:36
Over several一些 decades几十年,
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过去的几十年里,
12:38
South Korea韩国 built内置 one of the most patriarchal重男轻女 societies社会 we know about.
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韩国建立起我们所知的最严格的父系社会。
12:41
They basically基本上 enshrined供奉 the second-class二等 status状态 of women妇女
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他们甚至将女性的二等地位
12:45
in the civil国内 code.
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铭记于民法里。
12:47
And if women妇女 failed失败 to birth分娩 male children孩子,
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如果女人不能生男孩,
12:49
they were basically基本上 treated治疗 like domestic国内 servants公务员.
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她们将基本上被视为家里的佣人。
12:52
And sometimes有时 family家庭 would pray祈祷 to the spirits to kill off a girl女孩 child儿童
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有些时候一些家庭向神灵祈祷能杀死一个女孩
12:55
so they could have a male child儿童.
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然后他们可以拥有一个男孩。
12:57
But over the '70s and '80s,
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但是在七十年代和八十年代,
12:59
the South Korea韩国 government政府 decided决定 they wanted to rapidly急速 industrialize工业化,
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韩国政府决定要加快工业化,
13:02
and so what they did was,
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他们所作的就是,
13:04
they started开始 to push women妇女 into the workforce劳动力.
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开始推动女性进入劳动市场。
13:06
Now they've他们已经 been asking a question since以来 1985:
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从一九八五年到现在他们一直在问一个问题:
13:09
"How strongly非常 do you prefer比较喜欢 a first-born第一胎 son儿子?"
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“你对长子有多么强烈的偏好?”
13:11
And now look at the chart图表.
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现在请看这个图表。
13:13
That's from 1985 to 2003.
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是从一九八五年到二零零三年。
13:16
How much do you prefer比较喜欢 a first-born第一胎 son儿子?
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你多么偏好于长子?
13:18
So you can see that these economic经济 changes变化
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你可以发现这些经济变化
13:20
really do have a strong强大 effect影响 on our culture文化.
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的确对我们的文化有着强烈的影响。
13:23
Now because we haven't没有 fully充分 processed处理 this information信息,
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现在因为我们还没有完全地处理这些信息,
13:26
it's kind of coming未来 back to us in our pop流行的 culture文化
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它似乎回归到我们的通俗文化
13:28
in these kind of weird奇怪的 and exaggerated夸张的 ways方法,
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以一种奇怪的夸张的方式,
13:31
where you can see that the stereotypes定型 are changing改变.
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你可以看到固有观念正在发生变化。
13:34
And so we have on the male side
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所以在男性这边,
13:36
what one of my colleagues同事 likes喜欢 to call the "omega欧米加 males男性" popping up,
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我的同事喜欢称之为“欧米加男性”跳出,
13:39
who are the males男性 who are romantically浪漫 challenged挑战 losers失败者
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他们是那些得不到爱情的失败者
13:41
who can't find a job工作.
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那些不能找到工作的人。
13:43
And they come up in lots of different不同 forms形式.
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他们以很多不同的形式出现。
13:46
So we have the perpetual永动的 adolescent青少年.
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因此我们有终身的青春期。
13:49
We have the charmless misanthrope愤世嫉俗者.
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我们有毫无魅力愤世嫉俗者。
13:52
Then we have our Bud Light guy
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有终日赖在沙发上边看电视
13:54
who's谁是 the happy快乐 couch长椅 potato土豆.
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边喝百威淡啤的男子。
13:56
And then here's这里的 a shocker令人震惊: even America's美国 most sexiest最性感 man alive,
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这里有一个震惊:甚至于美国最性感的男性,
13:59
the sexiest最性感 man alive
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存活的最性感的男人
14:01
gets得到 romantically浪漫 played发挥 these days in a movie电影.
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如今在电影中被浪漫地耍弄。
14:03
And then on the female side, you have the opposite对面,
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而在女性的层面,恰恰相反,
14:06
in which哪一个 you have these crazy superhero超级英雄 women妇女.
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有这些疯狂的女性超级英雄。
14:09
You've got Lady淑女 Gaga加加.
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有Lady Gaga。
14:12
You've got our new James詹姆士 Bond, who's谁是 Angelina安吉丽娜 Jolie朱莉.
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有新一代的詹姆斯·邦德, 安吉丽娜·朱莉。
14:15
And it's not just for the young年轻, right?
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不仅仅是那些年轻人,对吧。
14:18
Even Helen海伦 Mirren米伦 can hold保持 a gun these days.
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如今甚至连海伦·米伦都可以握着一把枪。
14:21
And so it feels感觉 like we have to move移动 from this place地点
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所以感觉上我们需要离开这个
14:24
where we've我们已经 got these uber-exaggerated尤伯杯夸张 images图片
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有着过分夸张印象的地方,
14:27
into something that feels感觉 a little more normal正常.
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使之变得更加正常化。
14:30
So for a long time in the economic经济 sphere领域,
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很长一段时间在经济领域里,
14:32
we've我们已经 lived生活 with the term术语 "glass玻璃 ceiling天花板."
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我们和一种叫做无形顶障(妇女等在职务升迁上遇到的无形障碍)的术语生活在一起。
14:34
Now I've never really liked喜欢 this term术语.
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现在我们将永远不会喜欢这个术语。
14:36
For one thing, it puts看跌期权 men男人 and women妇女
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首先,它将男人和女人
14:38
in a really antagonistic对抗性的 relationship关系 with one another另一个,
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放在一个相互敌对的关系上,
14:41
because the men男人 are these devious tricksters骗子 up there
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因为在这里男人是
14:43
who've谁一直 put up this glass玻璃 ceiling天花板.
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放置这个无形顶障的狡猾的骗子。
14:45
And we're always below下面 the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板, the women妇女.
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而我们,女人们,常常在这个无形顶障之下。
14:48
And we have a lot of skill技能 and experience经验,
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我们有很多的技术和经历,
14:51
but it's a trick, so how are you supposed应该 to prepare准备
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但这是一个诡计,你应该如何准备
14:53
to get through通过 that glass玻璃 ceiling天花板?
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冲破那个无形的顶障?
14:55
And also, "shattering惊天动地 the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板" is a terrible可怕 phrase短语.
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并且,击碎无形顶障是一个糟糕的词组。
14:58
What crazy person
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多么疯狂的人
15:00
would pop流行的 their head through通过 a glass玻璃 ceiling天花板?
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将会用他的头撞穿一个无形顶障?
15:02
So the image图片 that I like to think of,
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我想象一个图像,
15:04
instead代替 of glass玻璃 ceiling天花板,
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来代替无形顶障,
15:06
is the high bridge.
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是一个高桥。
15:08
It's definitely无疑 terrifying可怕的 to stand at the foot脚丫子 of a high bridge,
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站在高桥下是十分恐怖的,
15:11
but it's also pretty漂亮 exhilarating令人振奋,
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但也是很令人高兴的,
15:13
because it's beautiful美丽 up there,
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因为那上面很美,
15:15
and you're looking out on a beautiful美丽 view视图.
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你眺望美丽的远景。
15:18
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass玻璃 ceiling天花板.
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更好的事情是与无形顶障不同的,这里没有诡计。
15:21
There's no man or woman女人 standing常设 in the middle中间
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这里没有男人或是女人在中间
15:23
about to cut the cables电缆.
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准备切断缆绳。
15:25
There's no hole in the middle中间 that you're going to fall秋季 through通过.
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这中间没有会令你掉下去的洞。
15:27
And the great thing is that you can take anyone任何人 along沿 with you.
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最好的事情是你可以带任何一个人和你一起。
15:30
You can bring带来 your husband丈夫 along沿.
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你可以带着你的丈夫。
15:32
You can bring带来 your friends朋友, or your colleagues同事,
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你可以带着你的朋友,或者你的同事,
15:34
or your babysitter保姆 to walk步行 along沿 with you.
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又或者是你的保姆和你一起走。
15:36
And husbands丈夫 can drag拖动 their wives妻子 across横过, if their wives妻子 don't feel ready准备.
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丈夫们可以拉他们的妻子过去,如果他们的妻子们还没有准备好。
15:39
But the point about the high bridge
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但是关于这个高桥重要的是
15:41
is that you have to have the confidence置信度
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你需要有自信
15:43
to know that you deserve值得 to be on that bridge,
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知道你应当在那个桥上,
15:45
that you have all the skills技能 and experience经验 you need
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因为你有所需的技巧和经历
15:48
in order订购 to walk步行 across横过 the high bridge,
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为了走过那个高桥,
15:51
but you just have to make the decision决定
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但是你需要做个决定
15:53
to take the first step and do it.
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走出第一步并且行动。
15:55
Thanks谢谢 very much.
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谢谢。
15:57
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Guo Tang
Reviewed by Huaiju Liu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.

Why you should listen

Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.

Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence. 

More profile about the speaker
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com