TEDWomen 2010
Hanna Rosin: New data on the rise of women
汉娜 罗森: 女性崛起的新数据
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汉娜 罗森回顾了表明女性在某些重要领域超越男性的一些显著的新数据，例如大学毕业率。这些不仅以美国为中心还在整个世界都流行的趋势是否预示着“男性时代的结束”？也许并非如此--但这些表明社会变化的数据值得揣摩。
Hanna Rosin - Journalist
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio
Hanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are now going through an amazing and unprecedented moment
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我们现在正在经历着一个惊人的,史无前例的时刻
00:18
where the power dynamics between men and women
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男人和女人之间的力量
00:20
are shifting very rapidly,
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正在迅速地转换着。
00:23
and in many of the places where it counts the most,
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并且在很多重要的地方，
00:25
women are, in fact, taking control of everything.
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女性，实际上，控制着一切。
00:28
In my mother's day, she didn't go to college.
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在我母亲的那个时代，她没有上过大学。
00:30
Not a lot of women did.
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大部分女性都没上大学。
00:32
And now, for every two men who get a college degree,
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然而如今，在五个获得大学学位的人中，
00:35
three women will do the same.
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两名是男性而三名是女性。
00:37
Women, for the first time this year,
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女性，这一年头一次，
00:39
became the majority of the American workforce.
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成为了美国劳动力的多数。
00:41
And they're starting to dominate lots of professions --
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并且她们逐渐开始主导很多职业--
00:44
doctors, lawyers,
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医生，律师，
00:46
bankers, accountants.
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银行家，会计师。
00:48
Over 50 percent of managers are women these days,
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目前超过百分之五十的经理是女性。
00:51
and in the 15 professions
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预计将在未来十年中
00:53
projected to grow the most in the next decade,
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发展最快的十五个行业中，
00:55
all but two of them are dominated by women.
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有十三个行业被女性主导。
00:57
So the global economy is becoming a place
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也就是说在全球经济上
00:59
where women are more successful than men,
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女性比男性更加成功。
01:01
believe it or not,
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信不信由你，
01:03
and these economic changes
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这些经济变化
01:05
are starting to rapidly affect our culture --
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将迅速地影响我们的文化--
01:07
what our romantic comedies look like,
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影响我们的浪漫喜剧，
01:09
what our marriages look like,
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我们的婚姻，
01:11
what our dating lives look like,
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我们的恋爱，
01:13
and our new set of superheroes.
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和我们新一代的超级英雄。
01:15
For a long time, this is the image of American manhood that dominated --
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很长一段时间，占主导地位的美国男子气概的形象是这样的--
01:18
tough, rugged,
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坚韧的，粗犷的，
01:20
in control of his own environment.
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能够控制他的周围环境。
01:22
A few years ago, the Marlboro Man was retired
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几年前，这个万宝路男人退休了
01:24
and replaced by this
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并且被这个
01:26
much less impressive specimen,
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给人印象不深的家伙，
01:28
who is a parody of American manhood,
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一个恶搞美国男子气概的人所替代了。
01:30
and that's what we have in our commercials today.
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这就是我们现在的广告。
01:33
The phrase "first-born son"
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'头胎生子'的俗语
01:35
is so deeply ingrained in our consciousness
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是如此根深蒂固地在我们的意识中
01:38
that this statistic alone shocked me.
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以至于这个统计数据使我十分震惊。
01:40
In American fertility clinics,
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在美国生育诊所，
01:42
75 percent of couples
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百分之七十五的夫妇
01:44
are requesting girls and not boys.
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希望生个女孩而非男孩。
01:46
And in places where you wouldn't think,
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在一些你想象不到的地方，
01:48
such as South Korea, India and China,
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如，韩国，印度和中国，
01:51
the very strict patriarchal societies
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这些非常严谨的父系社会
01:53
are starting to break down a little,
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体系正被打破，
01:55
and families are no longer
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而这些家庭们也不再
01:57
strongly preferring first-born sons.
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强烈地偏好儿子。
02:00
If you think about this, if you just open your eyes to this possibility
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如果你想到这些，如果你向这些可能性睁开你的眼睛
02:03
and start to connect the dots,
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并且开始连接这些点，
02:05
you can see the evidence everywhere.
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你可以看见证据无所不在。
02:07
You can see it in college graduation patterns,
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你可以看见它体现在大学的毕业形势中，
02:09
in job projections,
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在工作规划中，
02:11
in our marriage statistics,
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在我们的婚姻统计中，
02:13
you can see it in the Icelandic elections, which you'll hear about later,
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在后面你也会看到，还体现在冰岛的大选中，
02:16
and you can see it on South Korean surveys on son preference,
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而且你可以从韩国对儿子的偏好的调查数据中，
02:19
that something amazing and unprecedented
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看到关于女性的
02:21
is happening with women.
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一些惊人的史无前例的事件正在发生。
02:23
Certainly this is not the first time that we've had great progress with women.
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当然这不是女性第一次的巨大进步。
02:26
The '20s and the '60s also come to mind.
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又比如二十年代和六十年代。
02:29
But the difference is that, back then,
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但不同的是，在当时，
02:31
it was driven by a very passionate feminist movement
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是被一个试图实现自身欲望的
02:34
that was trying to project its own desires,
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非常激烈的女性运动所驱动,
02:36
whereas this time, it's not about passion,
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而这次，不是关于激情，
02:38
and it's not about any kind of movement.
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也不是关于什么运动。
02:40
This is really just about the facts
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这真的是仅仅关于
02:42
of this economic moment that we live in.
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我们现在所处的经济状态的现实。
02:44
The 200,000-year period
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这二十万年
02:46
in which men have been top dog
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男人当权的时代
02:48
is truly coming to an end, believe it or not,
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正走向尽头，信不信由你，
02:51
and that's why I talk about the "end of men."
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这就是为什么我说是男人的尽头。
02:54
Now all you men out there,
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所有在座的各位男士，
02:56
this is not the moment where you tune out or throw some tomatoes,
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现在并不用漠视我或扔给我西红柿，
02:59
because the point is that this
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因为重点是
03:01
is happening to all of us.
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这正发生在我们每个人身上。
03:03
I myself have a husband and a father
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我有一位丈夫和一位父亲
03:06
and two sons whom I dearly love.
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和两个我深爱着的儿子。
03:08
And this is why I like to talk about this,
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这也正是为什么我想谈论这个，
03:10
because if we don't acknowledge it,
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因为如果我们不承认它，
03:12
then the transition will be pretty painful.
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那么这个演变将会十分地痛苦。
03:14
But if we do take account of it,
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但是如果我们重视它，
03:16
then I think it will go much more smoothly.
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我认为它将演变的更加平稳。
03:19
I first started thinking about this about a year and a half ago.
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我第一次考虑到这件事的时候大约是在一年半之前。
03:22
I was reading headlines about the recession just like anyone else,
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我和所有人一样在阅读关于经济萎靡的头条新闻，
03:25
and I started to notice a distinct pattern --
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我发现了一个独特的模式--
03:27
that the recession was affecting men
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经济衰退影响男人的程度
03:30
much more deeply than it was affecting women.
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大于对女人的影响程度。
03:32
And I remembered back to about 10 years ago
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我还记得大约十年前
03:34
when I read a book by Susan Faludi
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当我在读苏珊·法露迪的
03:37
called "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man,"
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“失信：美国男人的背叛”这本书
03:40
in which she described how hard the recession had hit men,
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书中她描述了经济衰退是如何剧烈地影响男人们。
03:43
and I started to think about
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我于是开始想
03:45
whether it had gotten worse this time around in this recession.
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是否这次经济衰退更糟呢？
03:48
And I realized that two things were different this time around.
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然后我意识到了这次有两件事情不同。
03:51
The first was that
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第一件事就是
03:53
these were no longer just temporary hits
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经济衰退带给男人们的
03:55
that the recession was giving men --
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不再是暂时的冲击--
03:57
that this was reflecting a deeper
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这映射出我们全球经济的
03:59
underlying shift in our global economy.
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深层的变化。
04:01
And second, that the story was no longer
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第二，这不再
04:03
just about the crisis of men,
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仅仅是男人们的危机，
04:05
but it was also about what was happening to women.
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还对女人们产生了影响。
04:07
And now look at this second set of slides.
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现在请看第二组幻灯片。
04:09
These are headlines about what's been going on with women in the next few years.
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这些标题是关于接下来的几年内女性们将发生什么样的变化。
04:12
These are things we never could have imagined a few years ago.
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有些事情是我们在过去这些年从未想到过的。
04:15
Women, a majority of the workplace.
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女人，劳动力的主体。
04:17
And labor statistics: women take up most managerial jobs.
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劳动力统计结果：女性占据大部分的管理层工作。
04:20
This second set of headlines --
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第二个标题：
04:22
you can see that families and marriages are starting to shift.
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你可以看到家庭和婚姻正在开始发生变化。
04:25
And look at that last headline --
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再来看看最后一个标题：
04:27
young women earning more than young men.
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年轻女性比年轻男性挣的更多。
04:29
That particular headline comes to me from a market research firm.
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这个标题来源于一个市场调查公司。
04:32
They were basically asked by one of their clients
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他们被一个客户询问
04:35
who was going to buy houses in that neighborhood in the future.
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谁将购买那样一个街区的房子。
04:38
And they expected that it would be young families,
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他们预测将会是年轻的家庭，
04:40
or young men, just like it had always been.
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或者青年，一如既往。
04:42
But in fact, they found something very surprising.
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但事实上，他们惊奇地发现
04:44
It was young, single women
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那样一个街区房子的主要买主
04:46
who were the major purchasers of houses in the neighborhood.
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是一个年轻的，单身女性。
04:49
And so they decided, because they were intrigued by this finding,
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因为他们的好奇心被激起了，因此，他们决定
04:52
to do a nationwide survey.
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去做一个全国性的调查。
04:54
So they spread out all the census data,
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他们分析了所有的人口统计数据，
04:56
and what they found, the guy described to me as a shocker,
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他们发现，他的描述对我而言是一个震惊，
04:59
which is that in 1,997
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在一九九七年，
05:02
out of 2,000 communities,
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两千个社区中，
05:04
women, young women,
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女性，年轻女性，
05:06
were making more money than young men.
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比年轻男性挣得更多。
05:08
So here you have a generation of young women
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这一代的年轻女性
05:10
who grow up thinking of themselves
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在“她们是
05:12
as being more powerful earners
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比其周围年轻男性
05:14
than the young men around them.
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更强大的挣钱者”的想法中成长。
05:16
Now, I've just laid out the picture for you,
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现在，我仅仅将这些画面展示给你，
05:19
but I still haven't explained to you why this is happening.
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我还未向你们解释为什么这些事情会发生。
05:22
And in a moment, I'm going to show you a graph,
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过一会，我将向你们展示一个图表，
05:24
and what you'll see on this graph --
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你可以从这个图表中看到--
05:26
it begins in 1973,
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从一九七三年开始，
05:28
just before women start flooding the workforce,
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在女性充斥劳动力市场之前，
05:30
and it brings us up to our current day.
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转移到今天。
05:33
And basically what you'll see
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基本上你看到的
05:35
is what economists talk about
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就是经济学家谈论的
05:37
as the polarization of the economy.
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经济两极分化。
05:39
Now what does that mean?
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这表明了什么呢？
05:41
It means that the economy is dividing into high-skill, high-wage jobs
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这表明经济被分为高技术、高薪工作
05:44
and low-skill, low-wage jobs --
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和低技术、低薪工作--
05:46
and that the middle, the middle-skill jobs,
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在这中间，中等技术工作，
05:49
and the middle-earning jobs, are starting to drop out of the economy.
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中薪工作正愈消亡。
05:52
This has been going on for 40 years now.
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这已经持续发生了四十年。
05:54
But this process is affecting men
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但是这个过程对男人
05:56
very differently than it's affecting women.
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和女人的影响是十分不同的。
05:58
You'll see the women in red, and you'll see the men in blue.
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红色的是女人，蓝色的是男人。
06:01
You'll watch them both drop out of the middle class,
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你可以看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来，
06:04
but see what happens to women and see what happens to men.
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但是看看女人发生了什么，男人又发生了什么变化。
06:08
There we go.
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这就对了。
06:10
So watch that. You see them both drop out of the middle class.
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看那个，你看到他们都从中产阶级中脱离出来。
06:13
Watch what happens to the women. Watch what happens to the men.
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看看女人发生了什么变化，男人又发生了什么变化。
06:16
The men sort of stagnate there,
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男人在这里似乎停滞了，
06:18
while the women zoom up in those high-skill jobs.
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但女人急涨至高技术工作中。
06:20
So what's that about?
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到底怎么回事？
06:22
It looks like women got some power boost on a video game,
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看起来好像女人像是电子游戏里一样得到很多的力量。
06:25
or like they snuck in some secret serum into their birth-control pills
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或者在她们的避孕药丸中偷偷地得到了种神奇的浆液
06:28
that lets them shoot up high.
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从而使得她们崛起。
06:30
But of course, it's not about that.
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当然不是那样。
06:32
What it's about is that the economy has changed a lot.
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其原因就是经济变化了很多。
06:35
We used to have a manufacturing economy,
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我们曾拥有一个制造性经济，
06:37
which was about building goods and products,
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也就是制造商品，
06:39
and now we have a service economy
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现在我们是服务性经济
06:42
and an information and creative economy.
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一个信息化和创造性的经济。
06:44
Those two economies require very different skills,
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这两个经济模式要求十分不相同的技能。
06:47
and as it happens, women have been much better
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正是由于这个变化，女性
06:49
at acquiring the new set of skills than men have been.
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比男性更好地获取新的技术。
06:52
It used to be that you were
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曾经是这样的，
06:54
a guy who went to high school
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你从高中学校出来，
06:56
who didn't have a college degree,
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没有大学文凭，
06:58
but you had a specific set of skills,
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但是你有一些特殊的技能，
07:00
and with the help of a union,
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借助于工会的帮助，
07:02
you could make yourself a pretty good middle-class life.
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你可以让自己过上很不错的中产阶级的生活。
07:04
But that really isn't true anymore.
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但是现在不再是这样了。
07:06
This new economy is pretty indifferent
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新经济对个头和力量
07:08
to size and strength,
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不再依赖，
07:10
which is what's helped men along all these years.
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过去的时间里对于个头和力量的依赖显然帮助了男人。
07:12
What the economy requires now
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现在的经济要求的
07:14
is a whole different set of skills.
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是完全不一样的技术。
07:16
You basically need intelligence,
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基本上你需要智力，
07:18
you need an ability to sit still and focus,
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你需要能够稳定地坐着并保持集中，
07:21
to communicate openly,
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开放地交流
07:23
to be able to listen to people
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能够倾听别人
07:25
and to operate in a workplace that is much more fluid than it used to be,
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能够在一个更流动的工作场所下作业。
07:28
and those are things that women do extremely well,
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这些正是女人们可以做的非常的好，
07:30
as we're seeing.
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正如我们所见。
07:32
If you look at management theory these days,
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如果你观察一下当今的管理理论，
07:34
it used to be that our ideal leader
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我们曾经的理想化的领导是
07:36
sounded something like General Patton, right?
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像乔治-巴顿一样的人。
07:38
You would be issuing orders from above.
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你可以从上向下发令。
07:40
You would be very hierarchical.
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你可以非常的阶级化。
07:42
You would tell everyone below you what to do.
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你可以告诉你下面的每一个人做什么。
07:44
But that's not what an ideal leader is like now.
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但是这不再是今天的理想化领导。
07:46
If you read management books now,
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如果你现在读管理类的书，
07:48
a leader is somebody who can foster creativity,
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领导是那种可以激发创造力，
07:51
who can get his -- get the employees -- see, I still say "his" --
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可以令他的--员工们--看吧，我仍然说“他的”--
07:54
who can get the employees to talk to each other,
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让员工们相互交谈，
07:56
who can basically build teams and get them to be creative.
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可以组建团队并令他们拥有创造力的人。
07:59
And those are all things that women do very well.
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女性可以将所有这些事情做的非常的好。
08:02
And then on top of that, that's created a kind of cascading effect.
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再加上，（她们）创造了一种级联效应。
08:05
Women enter the workplace at the top,
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女人进入工作场所的上级，
08:07
and then at the working class,
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然后在工薪阶层，
08:09
all the new jobs that are created
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所有被创造的新工作
08:11
are the kinds of jobs that wives used to do for free at home.
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曾是主妇们在家里做的免费的工作。
08:14
So that's childcare,
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也就是照看小孩，
08:16
elder care and food preparation.
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照顾老年人和准备食物。
08:18
So those are all the jobs that are growing,
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这些工作正在增加，
08:20
and those are jobs that women tend to do.
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这些工作也正是女人们愿意去做的。
08:22
Now one day it might be
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有一天
08:24
that mothers will hire an out-of-work,
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妈妈们将雇佣一名失业的，
08:27
middle-aged, former steelworker guy
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中年，曾为造铁工人的男人
08:29
to watch their children at home,
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在家里照看他们的小孩，
08:31
and that would be good for the men, but that hasn't quite happened yet.
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这对男人也有好处，但是这至今还没有发生。
08:34
To see what's going to happen, you can't just look at the workforce that is now,
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想知道发生了什么，你不能仅观察现在的工作情形，
08:37
you have to look at our future workforce.
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你需要观察未来的工作情形。
08:40
And here the story is fairly simple.
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这其实很简单。
08:43
Women are getting college degrees
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女人们正在以一个
08:45
at a faster rate than men.
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比男人们更快的速度获得大学学位。
08:47
Why? This is a real mystery.
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为什么？这的确不可思议。
08:49
People have asked men, why don't they just go back to college,
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人们问男人，为什么不回到大学，
08:52
to community college, say, and retool themselves,
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回到社区大学，重组自己，
08:54
learn a new set of skills?
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学一些新的技术。
08:56
Well it turns out that they're just very uncomfortable doing that.
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事实上他们对此感到十分的不舒服。
08:59
They're used to thinking of themselves as providers,
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他们习惯于认为他们是提供者，
09:01
and they can't seem to build the social networks
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他们似乎看起来不能社会关系网
09:03
that allow them to get through college.
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来允许他们完成大学。
09:05
So for some reason
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因此，
09:07
men just don't end up going back to college.
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男人最终不能返回学校。
09:09
And what's even more disturbing
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更加令人不安的是
09:11
is what's happening with younger boys.
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发生在年轻的男孩子身上的事情。
09:13
There's been about a decade of research
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这有一个进行了大约十年的调查
09:15
about what people are calling the "boy crisis."
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关于人们所谓的男生危机是什么。
09:17
Now the boy crisis is this idea
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现在的男生危机是
09:19
that very young boys, for whatever reason,
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年幼的男生，不知道为什么，
09:22
are doing worse in school than very young girls,
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在学校里表现得比年幼的女生差。
09:25
and people have theories about that.
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人们有关于这件事情的理论。
09:27
Is it because we have an excessively verbal curriculum,
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是因为我们有过多的语言课程,
09:29
and little girls are better at that than little boys?
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小女孩在这个方面比男孩做得更好吗?
09:31
Or that we require kids to sit still too much,
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又或者是我们过多地要求孩子们坐着不动
09:34
and so boys initially feel like failures?
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所以男孩子们觉得很失败？
09:36
And some people say it's because,
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有一些人说因为，
09:38
in 9th grade, boys start dropping out of school.
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在九年级的时候，男孩子开始退学。
09:40
Because I'm writing a book about all this, I'm still looking into it,
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因为我在写一本关于这个的书，我仍然在做调查，
09:43
so I don't have the answer.
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所以我还没有结果。
09:45
But in the mean time, I'm going to call on the worldwide education expert,
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但同时，我将呼吁世界级教育专家，
09:48
who's my 10-year-old daughter, Noa,
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也就是我十岁的女儿，诺亚，
09:50
to talk to you about
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和你们谈谈
09:52
why the boys in her class do worse.
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为什么男孩子在他们班表现比较差。
09:55
(Video) Noa: The girls are obviously smarter.
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（视频）诺亚：女生的确更聪明。
09:57
I mean they have much larger vocabulary.
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我是说她们有更多的词汇量。
10:00
They learn much faster.
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她们学得更快。
10:02
They are more controlled.
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她们更遵守纪律。
10:04
On the board today for losing recess tomorrow, only boys.
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在今天的黑板上只有男生被罚失去明天的休息时间。
10:07
Hanna Rosin: And why is that?
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汉娜 罗森：为什么呢？
10:09
Noa: Why? They were just not listening to the class
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诺亚：为什么？他们不听讲
10:11
while the girls sat there very nicely.
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而女生坐得很端正。
10:13
HR: So there you go.
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汉娜 罗森：所以你现在知道了。
10:15
This whole thesis really came home to me
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这个论文
10:17
when I went to visit a college in Kansas City --
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是当我在访问堪萨斯市的一所大学时决定的--
10:20
working-class college.
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一所工薪阶层的大学。
10:22
Certainly, when I was in college, I had certain expectations about my life --
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当然当我在大学的时候，我对我的人生有非常明确的期望--
10:25
that my husband and I would both work,
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我的丈夫和我都工作，
10:28
and that we would equally raise the children.
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我们平等地共同抚养孩子。
10:30
But these college girls
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但是这些大学女孩儿们
10:32
had a completely different view of their future.
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对她们的未来有着完全不同的看法。
10:34
Basically, the way they said it to me is
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基本上，他们对我说的是，
10:37
that they would be working 18 hours a day,
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他们将一天工作十八个小时，
10:39
that their husband would maybe have a job,
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他们的丈夫有可能有工作，
10:41
but that mostly he would be at home taking care of the kiddies.
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但是大部分他们将在家里照看孩子。
10:44
And this was kind of a shocker to me.
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这对我来说是一个震惊。
10:46
And then here's my favorite quote from one of the girls:
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这个是我最喜欢的一个女孩的话：
10:48
"Men are the new ball and chain."
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“男人是新的累赘”
10:51
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:54
Now you laugh,
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你觉得好笑，
10:56
but that quote has kind of a sting to it, right?
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但是那句话有些刺痛，对吧。
10:58
And I think the reason it has a sting
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我认为它有刺的原因
11:00
is because thousands of years of history
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是因为数千年的历史
11:02
don't reverse themselves
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是不会颠覆，
11:04
without a lot of pain,
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如果没有疼痛的话。
11:06
and that's why I talk about
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这也是为什么我谈到
11:08
us all going through this together.
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我们都将一起经历这个。
11:11
The night after I talked to these college girls,
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在我和这些大学女孩儿谈过之后的那天夜里，
11:13
I also went to a men's group in Kansas,
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我也去访问了在堪萨斯州的一个男生团体。
11:15
and these were exactly the kind of victims of the manufacturing economy
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这些正是制造业经济的受害者，
11:18
which I spoke to you about earlier.
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正如我较早前对你们说的。
11:20
They were men who had been contractors,
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他们是那些曾经的承包商，
11:22
or they had been building houses
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或者他们曾建造房屋
11:24
and they had lost their jobs after the housing boom,
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在房屋建造繁荣期过去之后他们失去了工作，
11:26
and they were in this group because they were failing to pay their child support.
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他们属于这个团体因为他们不能为他们的孩子支付抚养费。
11:29
And the instructor was up there in the class
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指导者站在教室前
11:31
explaining to them all the ways
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向他们解释
11:33
in which they had lost their identity in this new age.
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他们是如何在新时代失去他们的身份。
11:36
He was telling them they no longer had any moral authority,
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他告诉他们，他们不再有任何道义上的权威，
11:39
that nobody needed them for emotional support anymore,
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没有人需要他们来作为情感上的支撑，
11:41
and they were not really the providers.
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他们也不是提供者。
11:43
So who were they?
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那么他们是谁呢？
11:45
And this was very disheartening for them.
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这对他们来说是十分的沮丧的。
11:47
And what he did was he wrote down on the board
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他所作的就是在黑板上写下
11:49
"$85,000,"
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八万五千美元，
11:51
and he said, "That's her salary,"
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然后他说，“这是她的工资。”
11:53
and then he wrote down "$12,000."
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然后他写下一万两千美金。
11:56
"That's your salary.
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“这是你的工资。
11:58
So who's the man now?" he asked them.
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那么现在谁是一家之主？” 他问他们。
12:00
"Who's the damn man?
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“谁是那个一家之主？
12:02
She's the man now."
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她现在成了一家之主。”
12:04
And that really sent a shudder through the room.
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那真的使整个屋子颤栗。
12:06
And that's part of the reason I like to talk about this,
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那也是我想要谈论这个的一部分原因，
12:08
because I think it can be pretty painful,
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因为我认为它可以很刺痛，
12:10
and we really have to work through it.
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我们也的确需要攻克它。
12:12
And the other reason it's kind of urgent
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这件事情比较紧急的另一个原因是
12:14
is because it's not just happening in the U.S.
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因为它不仅仅发生在美国。
12:16
It's happening all over the world.
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它发生在整个世界。
12:18
In India, poor women are learning English
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在印度，贫穷的女人们学习英语
12:20
faster than their male counterparts
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比男同伴们更快
12:22
in order to staff the new call centers
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为了应聘在印度
12:24
that are growing in India.
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迅速发展的客服中心。
12:26
In China, a lot of the opening up of private entrepreneurship
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在中国，很多私人企业家
12:29
is happening because women are starting businesses,
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正在崛起，因为女人们开始着手于商业，
12:31
small businesses, faster than men.
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小型商业，比男人更快。
12:33
And here's my favorite example, which is in South Korea.
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这是我最喜欢的一个例子，在韩国。
12:36
Over several decades,
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过去的几十年里，
12:38
South Korea built one of the most patriarchal societies we know about.
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韩国建立起我们所知的最严格的父系社会。
12:41
They basically enshrined the second-class status of women
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他们甚至将女性的二等地位
12:45
in the civil code.
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铭记于民法里。
12:47
And if women failed to birth male children,
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如果女人不能生男孩，
12:49
they were basically treated like domestic servants.
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她们将基本上被视为家里的佣人。
12:52
And sometimes family would pray to the spirits to kill off a girl child
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有些时候一些家庭向神灵祈祷能杀死一个女孩
12:55
so they could have a male child.
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然后他们可以拥有一个男孩。
12:57
But over the '70s and '80s,
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但是在七十年代和八十年代，
12:59
the South Korea government decided they wanted to rapidly industrialize,
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韩国政府决定要加快工业化，
13:02
and so what they did was,
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他们所作的就是，
13:04
they started to push women into the workforce.
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开始推动女性进入劳动市场。
13:06
Now they've been asking a question since 1985:
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从一九八五年到现在他们一直在问一个问题：
13:09
"How strongly do you prefer a first-born son?"
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“你对长子有多么强烈的偏好？”
13:11
And now look at the chart.
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现在请看这个图表。
13:13
That's from 1985 to 2003.
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是从一九八五年到二零零三年。
13:16
How much do you prefer a first-born son?
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你多么偏好于长子？
13:18
So you can see that these economic changes
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你可以发现这些经济变化
13:20
really do have a strong effect on our culture.
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的确对我们的文化有着强烈的影响。
13:23
Now because we haven't fully processed this information,
341
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现在因为我们还没有完全地处理这些信息，
13:26
it's kind of coming back to us in our pop culture
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它似乎回归到我们的通俗文化
13:28
in these kind of weird and exaggerated ways,
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以一种奇怪的夸张的方式，
13:31
where you can see that the stereotypes are changing.
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你可以看到固有观念正在发生变化。
13:34
And so we have on the male side
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所以在男性这边，
13:36
what one of my colleagues likes to call the "omega males" popping up,
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我的同事喜欢称之为“欧米加男性”跳出，
13:39
who are the males who are romantically challenged losers
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他们是那些得不到爱情的失败者
13:41
who can't find a job.
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那些不能找到工作的人。
13:43
And they come up in lots of different forms.
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他们以很多不同的形式出现。
13:46
So we have the perpetual adolescent.
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因此我们有终身的青春期。
13:49
We have the charmless misanthrope.
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我们有毫无魅力愤世嫉俗者。
13:52
Then we have our Bud Light guy
352
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有终日赖在沙发上边看电视
13:54
who's the happy couch potato.
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边喝百威淡啤的男子。
13:56
And then here's a shocker: even America's most sexiest man alive,
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这里有一个震惊：甚至于美国最性感的男性，
13:59
the sexiest man alive
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存活的最性感的男人
14:01
gets romantically played these days in a movie.
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如今在电影中被浪漫地耍弄。
14:03
And then on the female side, you have the opposite,
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而在女性的层面，恰恰相反，
14:06
in which you have these crazy superhero women.
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有这些疯狂的女性超级英雄。
14:09
You've got Lady Gaga.
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有Lady Gaga。
14:12
You've got our new James Bond, who's Angelina Jolie.
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有新一代的詹姆斯·邦德， 安吉丽娜·朱莉。
14:15
And it's not just for the young, right?
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不仅仅是那些年轻人，对吧。
14:18
Even Helen Mirren can hold a gun these days.
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如今甚至连海伦·米伦都可以握着一把枪。
14:21
And so it feels like we have to move from this place
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所以感觉上我们需要离开这个
14:24
where we've got these uber-exaggerated images
364
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有着过分夸张印象的地方，
14:27
into something that feels a little more normal.
365
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使之变得更加正常化。
14:30
So for a long time in the economic sphere,
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很长一段时间在经济领域里，
14:32
we've lived with the term "glass ceiling."
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我们和一种叫做无形顶障（妇女等在职务升迁上遇到的无形障碍）的术语生活在一起。
14:34
Now I've never really liked this term.
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现在我们将永远不会喜欢这个术语。
14:36
For one thing, it puts men and women
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首先，它将男人和女人
14:38
in a really antagonistic relationship with one another,
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放在一个相互敌对的关系上，
14:41
because the men are these devious tricksters up there
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因为在这里男人是
14:43
who've put up this glass ceiling.
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放置这个无形顶障的狡猾的骗子。
14:45
And we're always below the glass ceiling, the women.
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而我们，女人们，常常在这个无形顶障之下。
14:48
And we have a lot of skill and experience,
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我们有很多的技术和经历，
14:51
but it's a trick, so how are you supposed to prepare
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但这是一个诡计，你应该如何准备
14:53
to get through that glass ceiling?
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冲破那个无形的顶障？
14:55
And also, "shattering the glass ceiling" is a terrible phrase.
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并且，击碎无形顶障是一个糟糕的词组。
14:58
What crazy person
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多么疯狂的人
15:00
would pop their head through a glass ceiling?
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将会用他的头撞穿一个无形顶障？
15:02
So the image that I like to think of,
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我想象一个图像，
15:04
instead of glass ceiling,
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来代替无形顶障，
15:06
is the high bridge.
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是一个高桥。
15:08
It's definitely terrifying to stand at the foot of a high bridge,
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站在高桥下是十分恐怖的，
15:11
but it's also pretty exhilarating,
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但也是很令人高兴的，
15:13
because it's beautiful up there,
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因为那上面很美，
15:15
and you're looking out on a beautiful view.
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你眺望美丽的远景。
15:18
And the great thing is there's no trick like with the glass ceiling.
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更好的事情是与无形顶障不同的，这里没有诡计。
15:21
There's no man or woman standing in the middle
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这里没有男人或是女人在中间
15:23
about to cut the cables.
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准备切断缆绳。
15:25
There's no hole in the middle that you're going to fall through.
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这中间没有会令你掉下去的洞。
15:27
And the great thing is that you can take anyone along with you.
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最好的事情是你可以带任何一个人和你一起。
15:30
You can bring your husband along.
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你可以带着你的丈夫。
15:32
You can bring your friends, or your colleagues,
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你可以带着你的朋友，或者你的同事，
15:34
or your babysitter to walk along with you.
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又或者是你的保姆和你一起走。
15:36
And husbands can drag their wives across, if their wives don't feel ready.
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丈夫们可以拉他们的妻子过去，如果他们的妻子们还没有准备好。
15:39
But the point about the high bridge
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但是关于这个高桥重要的是
15:41
is that you have to have the confidence
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你需要有自信
15:43
to know that you deserve to be on that bridge,
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知道你应当在那个桥上，
15:45
that you have all the skills and experience you need
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因为你有所需的技巧和经历
15:48
in order to walk across the high bridge,
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为了走过那个高桥，
15:51
but you just have to make the decision
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但是你需要做个决定
15:53
to take the first step and do it.
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走出第一步并且行动。
15:55
Thanks very much.
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谢谢。
15:57
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hanna Rosin - JournalistHanna Rosin isn’t afraid to shine a skeptical spotlight on people’s cherished ideals, whether it’s politically correct dogma or the conservative Christian agenda.
Why you should listen
Hanna Rosin is the sort of journalist who dares to articulate what people are thinking – only they hadn’t realized it yet. Born in Israel and raised in Queens, the co-founder of women’s site DoubleX (an offshoot of Slate) and contributing editor at the Atlantic Monthly is probably best known for the furor raised by her article titled (not by her) “The End of Men”—which asserts that the era of male dominance has come to an end as women gain power in the postindustrial economy. A similar furor greeted her well-researched piece “The Case Against Breastfeeding,” which questioned the degree to which scientific evidence supports breast-feeding’s touted benefits.
Rosin has covered religion and politics for the Washington Post and contributes to such publications as the New Yorker and the New Republic. Her book God’s Harvard: A Christian College on a Mission to Save America peers into the inner workings of Patrick Henry College, a seven-year school for evangelical Christians aspiring to political and cultural influence.
Hanna Rosin | Speaker | TED.com