TEDxMidwest
Majora Carter: 3 stories of local eco-entrepreneurship
梅杰拉·卡特尔Majora Carter：三个当地生态行动主义的故事
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绿色环保必须着眼于当地－在TEDxMidwest系列演讲中，梅杰拉·卡特尔给我们讲述了三个故事，告诉我们故事的主人公们如何在各自的当地拯救社区进而拯救地球。这被称为“家园安全”。
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justice
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Majora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So today, I'm going to tell you about some people
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今天，我要向大家介绍一些人，
00:19
who didn't move out of their neighborhoods.
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他们一直在各自的街区里工作。
00:22
The first one is happening right here in Chicago.
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第一位就在芝加哥。
00:25
Brenda Palms-Farber was hired
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布兰达·帕尔姆-法尔伯的工作
00:27
to help ex-convicts reenter society
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是帮助刑满释放人员重返社会
00:30
and keep them from going back into prison.
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以免他们重蹈覆辙。
00:32
Currently, taxpayers spend
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目前，若有一人入狱，
00:34
about 60,000 dollars per year
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那么纳税人每年就要
00:37
sending a person to jail.
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支付六万美元。
00:39
We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.
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三分之二的刑满释放人员最后又回到了监狱。
00:41
I find it interesting that, for every one dollar
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我觉得很有意思，
00:43
we spend, however, on early childhood education,
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我们为“启蒙教育”等早期教育
00:45
like Head Start,
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每花一美元，
00:47
we save 17 dollars
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在将来，
00:49
on stuff like incarceration in the future.
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就能在送人入狱这些事情上节省十七美元。
00:52
Or -- think about it -- that 60,000 dollars
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大家想想－那六万美元
00:54
is more than what it costs
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把一个人送到哈佛大学读书
00:56
to send one person to Harvard as well.
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都绰绰有余了。
00:58
But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that,
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但布兰达并没有拘泥于这些限制，
01:01
took a look at her challenge
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她审视了眼前的挑战
01:03
and came up
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想出了
01:05
with a not-so-obvious solution:
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一个不那么兴师动众的解决方法：
01:07
create a business
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开办一庄生意，
01:09
that produces skin care products from honey.
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用蜂蜜的提炼物来生产护肤品。
01:12
Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me.
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也许对于你们一些人来说这再自然不过了；但是我不这么看。
01:14
It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation
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扶植真正有无限潜力的社会创新，
01:17
that has real potential.
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这是起步阶段。
01:19
She hired seemingly unemployable men and women
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她聘请那些别人不愿聘用的人
01:22
to care for the bees, harvest the honey
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来照顾蜜蜂，收割蜂蜜
01:24
and make value-added products
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加工产品，
01:26
that they marketed themselves,
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并自己做市场推广，
01:28
and that were later sold at Whole Foods.
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最后把成品放在全食超市销售。
01:30
She combined employment experience and training
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她把工作与培训结合在一起，
01:33
with life skills they needed,
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教授员工一些必要的生活技能，
01:35
like anger-management and teamwork,
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教他们如何控制愤怒情绪，如何进行团队合作，
01:37
and also how to talk to future employers
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如何向后来的员工
01:40
about how their experiences
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传授自己的经验，
01:42
actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned
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告诉他们自己所学到的经验教训
01:44
and their eagerness to learn more.
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以及他们对学习的热情。
01:46
Less than four percent
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经过她聘用的这些人员中
01:48
of the folks that went through her program
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仅有不到百分之四的人
01:50
actually go back to jail.
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再次入狱。
01:52
So these young men and women learned job-readiness
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这些年轻人通过养殖蜜蜂
01:55
and life skills through bee keeping
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不仅得到了工作培训，学会了生存技能，
01:57
and became productive citizens in the process.
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还成为了有作为的好公民。
02:00
Talk about a sweet beginning.
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这真是一个美好的开始。
02:03
Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles,
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现在我要带你们到洛杉矶。
02:05
and lots of people know
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很多人都知道
02:07
that L.A. has its issues.
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洛杉矶有很多亟待解决的问题。
02:09
But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now.
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但是我要讲的是洛杉矶的用水问题。
02:12
They have not enough water on most days
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该市经常缺水，
02:14
and too much to handle when it rains.
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而一旦下雨，过多的雨水又成了问题。
02:17
Currently, 20 percent
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目前，加利福尼亚州
02:19
of California's energy consumption
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百分之二十的能源消耗
02:21
is used to pump water
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主要被用于向南加州
02:23
into mostly Southern California.
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调水的工程。
02:25
Their spending loads, loads,
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他们花了大把大把的金钱
02:27
to channel that rainwater out into the ocean
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将雨水疏导至大海，
02:29
when it rains and floods as well.
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一旦下雨，这里就会发大水。
02:31
Now Andy Lipkis is working to help
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安迪·利普基斯的工作
02:33
L.A. cut infrastructure costs
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就是帮助洛杉矶
02:35
associated with water management and urban heat island --
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削减水利工程以及城市热岛效应相关的基础建设开支－
02:38
linking trees, people and technology
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把人，树木和科技联系起来
02:41
to create a more livable city.
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进而创造更适合居住的城市。
02:43
All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water,
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那些绿色的东西能够自动吸收大量雨水，
02:46
also helps cool our cities.
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并且帮助城市降温。
02:48
Because, come to think about it,
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我们应该这样想：
02:50
do you really want air-conditioning,
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你真正需要的是空调，
02:52
or is it a cooler room that you want?
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还是一个凉爽的房间？
02:54
How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference.
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不管使用那种方法，只要能够达到预期的效果就行了。
02:57
So a few years ago,
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就在几年前，
02:59
L.A. County
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洛杉矶
03:01
decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars
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决定投入二十五亿美元
03:04
to repair the city schools.
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整修全市的学校。
03:07
And Andy and his team discovered
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安迪和他的团队得知
03:09
that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars
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政府将把其中两亿美元
03:12
on asphalt to surround the schools themselves.
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用于给学校四周的路面铺上沥青。
03:15
And by presenting a really strong economic case,
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通过展示一个非常经济实惠的案例，
03:18
they convinced the L.A. government
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他们说服洛杉矶政府改变计划，
03:20
that replacing that asphalt
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将沥青
03:22
with trees and other greenery,
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换成绿树和其它绿化带，
03:24
that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy
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这样学校在绿化建设方面
03:27
than they spend on horticultural infrastructure.
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节省更多人力物力。
03:31
So ultimately, 20 million square feet of asphalt
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最后，铺两千万平方英尺沥青路的计划
03:33
was replaced or avoided,
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被取消了，
03:35
and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down,
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同时，使用空调所需的电力消耗降低了，
03:38
while employment
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绿化带需要人照顾，
03:40
for people to maintain those grounds went up,
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这样，许多人找到了工作，
03:43
resulting in a net-savings to the system,
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成本就这样被降低了，
03:45
but also healthier students and schools system employees as well.
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同时，师生们得到了更健康洁净的生活环境。
03:49
Now Judy Bonds
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这是朱蒂·邦德斯。
03:51
is a coal miner's daughter.
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一个煤炭工的女儿。
03:53
Her family has eight generations
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她家庭的八代人
03:55
in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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都住在西弗吉尼亚州一个叫做怀茨威尔的小镇上。
03:58
And if anyone should be clinging
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如果有谁会以这个小镇
04:00
to the former glory of the coal mining history,
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光辉的煤炭开采史为荣，
04:02
and of the town,
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以小镇为荣，
04:04
it should be Judy.
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那非朱蒂莫数了。
04:06
But the way coal is mined right now is different
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然而，现在的煤炭开采
04:08
from the deep mines that her father
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对比过去她的父亲
04:10
and her father's father would go down into
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以及祖父当年在深井里
04:12
and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people.
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几千人同时作业的开采方式，大不相同。
04:15
Now, two dozen men
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现在只要二十几个人
04:17
can tear down a mountain in several months,
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就能在几个月内把一座山开采一空，
04:19
and only for about a few years' worth of coal.
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而开采出的煤炭只够使用几年。
04:22
That kind of technology is called "mountaintop removal."
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这种开采技术叫做山顶煤炭开采法。
04:25
It can make a mountain go from this to this
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它能使一座山在短短数月里
04:28
in a few short months.
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从这样变成那样。
04:30
Just imagine that the air surrounding these places --
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想像一下周围的空气质量－
04:32
it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal.
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到处弥漫着易爆物和煤炭残渣。
04:35
When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with
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我们去到那里的时候，同行的一些人
04:37
this strange little cough
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莫名其妙地开始咳嗽
04:39
after being only there for just a few hours or so --
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我们只在那里停留了几个小时－
04:41
not just miners, but everybody.
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不仅是矿工，所有人都有同样症状。
04:43
And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed
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朱蒂眼睁睁看着家园被破坏，
04:45
and her water poisoned.
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水体被污染。
04:47
And the coal companies just move on
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煤矿公司一旦把山挖空
04:49
after the mountain was emptied,
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就一走了之，
04:51
leaving even more unemployment in their wake.
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使越来越多矿工下岗。
04:53
But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy
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然而，她还看到了一座完整山体上风能的潜力
04:56
on an intact mountain,
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比另一座
04:58
and one that was reduced in elevation
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海拔相对低了两千英尺的山体
05:00
by over 2,000 feet.
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要多出许多。
05:02
Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,
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用三年时间来开采污染环境的能源，
05:05
or centuries of clean energy
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相比开发能够持续几百年的清洁能源，究竟哪个更合算呢？
05:07
with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency
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前者会使许多人丢了工作，而后者却有潜力发展专业技能，
05:10
based on technical skills,
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提高技术效率，
05:12
and developing local knowledge
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根据当地情况
05:14
about how to get the most out of that region's wind.
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最大程度地开发和利用风力资源。
05:16
She calculated the up-front cost
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她计算了初始成本
05:18
and the payback over time,
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以及回报，
05:20
and it's a net-plus on so many levels
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结果表明这对地方，国家，乃至全球经济
05:22
for the local, national and global economy.
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都会带来更高的净收益。
05:25
It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal,
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相比开采山顶煤矿，风能可以带来长期回报，
05:28
but the wind energy actually pays back forever.
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而且这种风能源回报甚至是永久的。
05:31
Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals,
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开采山顶煤矿给当地居民的回报很小，
05:34
and it gives them a lot of misery.
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并且还让他们吃了不少苦头。
05:36
The water is turned into goo.
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原本洁净的水变成了臭水。
05:38
Most people are still unemployed,
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大多数人没有工作，
05:40
leading to most of the same kinds of social problems
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由此，这里的失业人群
05:42
that unemployed people in inner cities also experience --
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与大城市里失业的人们面临着同样的社会问题－
05:45
drug and alcohol abuse,
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吸毒，酗酒
05:47
domestic abuse, teen pregnancy and poor heath, as well.
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家庭暴力，未成年少女怀孕以及糟糕的健康状况。
05:50
Now Judy and I -- I have to say --
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现在朱蒂和我－我可以这么说－
05:52
totally related to each other.
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我们志同道合。
05:54
Not quite an obvious alliance.
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我们关系铁得很。
05:56
I mean, literally, her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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你看，她的家乡是西弗吉尼亚州的怀茨威尔。
05:58
I mean, they are not --
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他们不是－
06:00
they ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title
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他们可没在跟时尚嘻哈达人争地盘，
06:03
or anything like that.
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压跟就没有。
06:05
But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me,
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但是，在她送我的T恤衫背面，
06:08
says, "Save the endangered hillbillies."
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写着：“拯救濒临灭绝的乡巴佬”。
06:13
So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together
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就这样宅女和乡巴佬走到了一起，
06:16
and totally understand that this is what it's all about.
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非常明确各自的使命。
06:19
But just a few months ago,
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然而就在几个月前，
06:21
Judy was diagnosed
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朱蒂被诊断
06:23
with stage-three lung cancer.
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患有晚期肺癌。
06:26
Yeah.
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真的。
06:28
And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.
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而且已经蔓延到了她的骨头和大脑。
06:33
And I just find it so bizarre
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这真是太荒唐了，
06:36
that she's suffering from the same thing
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她竭尽全力帮助人们防止肺癌，
06:38
that she tried so hard to protect people from.
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而自己却得了肺癌。
06:41
But her dream
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但是她的
06:43
of Coal River Mountain Wind
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“煤河山风力发电项目”
06:45
is her legacy.
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仍将继续。
06:47
And she might not
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也许，她等不到
06:50
get to see that mountaintop.
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项目建成的那一天了。
06:53
But rather than writing
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她并没有仅仅留下
06:55
yet some kind of manifesto or something,
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一纸宣言，
06:57
she's leaving behind
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而是她正详细制定
06:59
a business plan to make it happen.
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实施项目的具体计划。
07:01
That's what my homegirl is doing.
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我的这位姐妹正在忙这件事情。
07:03
So I'm so proud of that.
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我为她感到骄傲。
07:05
(Applause)
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（众人鼓掌）
07:10
But these three people
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这三个人
07:12
don't know each other,
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彼此并不相识，
07:14
but they do have an awful lot in common.
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但是他们有着惊人的相似之处。
07:16
They're all problem solvers,
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他们都是解决问题的带头人，
07:18
and they're just some of the many examples
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我非常幸运能够结识他们并且向他们学习，
07:20
that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from
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我在工作中见识到了许多榜样，
07:22
in the examples of the work that I do now.
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他们就是其中几位模范。
07:24
I was really lucky to have them all featured
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我很幸运地将他们的事迹
07:26
on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show
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作为主秀展示在我的网络公共广播电台的节目
07:28
called ThePromisedLand.org.
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“应许之地（ThePromisedLand.org）”中。
07:30
Now they're all very practical visionaries.
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他们都是有远见的实业家。
07:32
They take a look at the demands that are out there --
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他们仔细审视眼前的需求－
07:35
beauty products, healthy schools, electricity --
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美容产品，健康的校园，电力－
07:37
and how the money's flowing to meet those demands.
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并想办法满足这些需求。
07:39
And when the cheapest solutions
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如果你想通过削减员工人数
07:41
involve reducing the number of jobs,
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来解决问题，
07:43
you're left with unemployed people,
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那么将有许多人失业，
07:45
and those people aren't cheap.
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而这些人可不是省油的灯。
07:47
In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens,
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事实上，我认为他们是“最奢侈的公民”，
07:50
and they include generationally impoverished,
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他们其中有许多人是从中东战场上
07:52
traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,
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退伍回乡的伤兵，他们世世代代贫穷，受伤痛之苦；
07:54
people coming out of jail.
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另外还有刑满释放人员。
07:56
And for the veterans in particular,
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拿那些老兵来说，
07:58
the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase
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根据退伍军人事务部公布的数据，
08:01
in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003.
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自2003年以来退伍军人服用的精神方面的药物增加了六倍。
08:04
I think that number's probably going to go up.
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我认为这个数字目前仍然在上升。
08:06
They're not the largest number of people,
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他们并不是最庞大的群体，
08:08
but they are some of the most expensive --
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但却是开销最大的群体之一。
08:10
and in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse,
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他们是家庭暴力，吸毒酗酒的高危人群，
08:13
poor performance by their kids in schools
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他们的子女在学校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子，
08:16
and also poor health as a result of stress.
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由于承受巨大压力，他们的身体健康非常差。
08:18
So these three guys all understand
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我所提到的这三位
08:20
how to productively channel dollars
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都懂得如何有效地
08:22
through our local economies
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把资金引入地方经济
08:24
to meet existing market demands,
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以满足市场需求，
08:26
reduce the social problems that we have now
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解决现存的社会问题，
08:28
and prevent new problems in the future.
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并防止新问题的产生。
08:31
And there are plenty of other examples like that.
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这样的例子数不胜数。
08:33
One problem: waste handling and unemployment.
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例一：废物处理与失业问题。
08:36
Even when we think or talk about recycling,
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当我们思考或讨论如何回收利用时，
08:38
lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills
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许多可回收物品已经被焚化或掩埋了，
08:41
and leaving many municipalities, diversion rates --
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这加大了城市的回收分流难度，
08:44
they leave much to be recycled.
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使回收过程更复杂。
08:46
And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities.
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这些废物都在哪里被处理？一般在贫困的社区里。
08:49
And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models --
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大家知道，在生态工业的运作模式中-
08:52
there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,
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有这样一种模式，它在欧洲被称为生态工业园区。
08:55
where either the waste of one company is the raw material for another,
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在这里，你既可以把一家公司的废物交给另一家公司做原料，
08:58
or you use recycled materials
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也可以把材料回收利用
09:00
to make goods that you can actually use and sell.
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生产出新的商品。
09:02
We can create these local markets and incentives
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我们可以在当地鼓励和创造这样的当地市场需求，
09:05
for recycled materials
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使回收后的材料
09:07
to be used as raw materials for manufacturing.
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成为制造业的原材料。
09:09
And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx,
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在我家乡，我们已经在布朗克斯区尝试过这种模式，
09:12
but our mayor decided what he wanted to see
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可惜我们的市长
09:15
was a jail on that same spot.
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更想在那里建一个监狱，
09:17
Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs --
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幸好- 我们本想可以创造几百个就业机会-
09:20
but after many years,
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而多年以后，
09:22
the city wanted to build a jail.
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这个城市居然决定在这里建造监狱，
09:24
They've since abandoned that project, thank goodness.
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感谢上苍，政府已经打消了这个念头。
09:27
Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment.
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还有一个问题：不健康食品以及失业问题。
09:30
Working-class and poor urban Americans
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工人阶级以及城市贫困的美国人
09:32
are not benefiting economically
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并没有从现有的食品体系
09:34
from our current food system.
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得到经济利益。
09:36
It relies too much on transportation,
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这个体系过度使用交通运输，
09:38
chemical fertilization, big use of water
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化学肥料，大量水资源，
09:40
and also refrigeration.
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以及冷藏处理。
09:42
Mega agricultural operations
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大规模农业操作
09:44
often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land,
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不仅污染了水源以及土壤，
09:47
and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product
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还生产出对人体健康危害极高的产品
09:50
that costs us billions in healthcare
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让我们在医疗卫生方面损失了大把金钱，
09:52
and lost productivity.
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并降低了生产力。
09:54
And so we know "urban ag"
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同时，城市农业
09:56
is a big buzz topic this time of the year,
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现在成为了一个热点话题，
09:58
but it's mostly gardening,
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但它是以园艺为主的，
10:00
which has some value in community building -- lots of it --
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这对社区建设具有重大意义-
10:03
but it's not in terms of creating jobs
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但是却不能增加就业机会，
10:05
or for food production.
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也不能对食品生产做贡献。
10:07
The numbers just aren't there.
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园艺在这些方面的作用不显著。
10:09
Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork
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我的任务之一就是
10:11
to integrate urban ag and rural food systems
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为把城市农业与农产品体系结合起来做准备工作，
10:14
to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad
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这样就能创造出一个城市农业的国内品牌，
10:17
by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce
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“千里送荔枝”的现状就会尽早退出历史舞台了，
10:20
in every city,
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这样，每个城市
10:22
that uses regional growing power
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都能使用本地耕种资源
10:24
and augments it with indoor growing facilities,
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增加个体农户所拥有和经营的
10:26
owned and operated by small growers,
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室内种植设施，
10:28
where now there are only consumers.
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而现在这个市场里只有消费者。
10:30
This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas
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这可以很好地扶持大城市里的季节性农户，
10:33
who are losing out because they really can't meet
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他们由于无力满足
10:35
the year-round demand for produce.
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全年生产的需求而逐渐衰落。
10:38
It's not a competition with rural farm;
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这不是在抢乡村农户的饭碗，
10:40
it's actually reinforcements.
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而是助他们一臂之力。
10:42
It allies in a really positive
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这是一个良性的
10:44
and economically viable food system.
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具有经济活力的食品体系。
10:46
The goal is to meet the cities' institutional demands
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它目标在于满足城市里
10:48
for hospitals,
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来自医院，
10:50
senior centers, schools, daycare centers,
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养老院，学校，托儿所的需求，
10:53
and produce a network of regional jobs, as well.
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并能创造一个地方就业网络。
10:56
This is smart infrastructure.
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这是非常精明的基础设施安排。
10:58
And how we manage our built environment
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我们对城市环境的建设
11:00
affects the health and well-being of people every single day.
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每时每刻都影响着人们的健康与幸福。
11:03
Our municipalities, rural and urban,
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我们城乡地区的政府
11:05
play the operational course of infrastructure --
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负责基础设施的具体操作事项-
11:08
things like waste disposal, energy demand,
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包括废物处理，能源需求，
11:11
as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates
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由失业，辍学，入狱所带来的社会损失，
11:14
and the impacts of various public health costs.
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还有公共医疗成本的种种影响。
11:17
Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways
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精明的基础设施管理
11:20
for municipalities to handle
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能够帮助城乡政府
11:22
both infrastructure and social needs.
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协调好基础设施和社会需求。
11:24
And we want to shift the systems
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我们希望
11:26
that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens
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把那些光靠社会税收救济的人群
11:29
to become part of the tax base.
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转变为纳税人。
11:31
And imagine a national business model
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想象一下：一个能够创造地方就业机会，
11:33
that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure
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巧妙布置基础设施，并提高地方经济稳定的
11:36
to improve local economic stability.
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全国性商业模式。
11:39
So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here.
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希望大家能够看到这里有一个主题。
11:42
These examples indicate a trend.
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这些事例反映了一个趋势。
11:44
I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident.
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这不是我有意制造的，也不是一个巧合。
11:47
I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country,
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我早就发现这趋势已经在全国范围内发生了，
11:49
and the good news is that it's growing.
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更令人开心的是，这趋势正不断增强。
11:51
And we all need to be invested in it.
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而且，我们都必须参与进去。
11:53
It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery.
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这是我们国家经济复苏的重要基石。
11:56
And I call it "hometown security."
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我把它成为“国土安全”。
11:59
The recession has us reeling and fearful,
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经济的衰退让我们惊慌失措，
12:02
and there's something in the air these days
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然而，这些天来，另一股力量
12:04
that is also very empowering.
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正在孕育而生。
12:06
It's a realization
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那就是我们意识到了
12:08
that we are the key
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经济复苏的关键
12:10
to our own recovery.
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在于我们自身。
12:12
Now is the time for us to act in our own communities
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现在，我们应当行动起来
12:15
where we think local and we act local.
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忧地方所忧，为当地社区做实事。
12:18
And when we do that, our neighbors --
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不管我们的邻居
12:20
be they next-door, or in the next state,
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是住在隔壁，住在邻州，
12:22
or in the next country --
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还是住在邻国-
12:24
will be just fine.
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我们都能给他们造福。
12:27
The sum of the local is the global.
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当地的总和就是全球。
12:30
Hometown security means rebuilding our natural defenses,
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“国土安全”的意义在于重建自然防御，
12:33
putting people to work,
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给人们工作，
12:35
restoring our natural systems.
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重筑自然系统。
12:37
Hometown security means creating wealth here at home,
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“国土安全”意在为家园创造财富，
12:40
instead of destroying it overseas.
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而不是糟蹋千里之外的财富。
12:42
Tackling social and environmental problems
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把社会问题与环境问题结合起来
12:44
at the same time with the same solution
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同时用同一方法解决，
12:47
yields great cost savings,
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能够节省大量人力物力，
12:49
wealth generation and national security.
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创造财富，并保障国家安全。
12:52
Many great and inspiring solutions
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许许多多绝妙的点子
12:54
have been generated across America.
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在美国各地迸发。
12:56
The challenge for us now
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我们目前所面临的问题是
12:58
is to identify and support countless more.
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如何找到并扶持更多的好点子。
13:01
Now, hometown security is about taking care of your own,
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尽管“国土安全”有照顾好自己的意思，
13:04
but it's not like the old saying,
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但这跟“仁爱先及亲友”
13:06
"charity begins at home."
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还是有本质区别的。
13:09
I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant.
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我最近读了一本名为《爱的领导力》的书，作者是约翰·霍普·布莱恩特（John Hope Bryant）。
13:12
And it's about leading in a world
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书中写道，在一个被恐惧所充斥的世界里
13:14
that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear.
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如何成为一个领导人。
13:17
And reading that book made me reexamine that theory
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读了这本书以后，我重新审视了我的理论，
13:20
because I need to explain what I mean by that.
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因为我必须清楚地解释其中的道理。
13:23
See, my dad
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大家看，这是我父亲，
13:25
was a great, great man in many ways.
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他在很多方面都非常出色。
13:27
He grew up in the segregated South,
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他在种族隔离时期的南方长大，
13:29
escaped lynching and all that
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在最艰苦的时期，
13:31
during some really hard times,
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逃过了私刑的迫害，
13:33
and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings
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他给我和兄弟姐妹们提供了一个安稳的家，
13:36
and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times.
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他还帮助了许多生活困难的人们建立了自己的家。
13:40
But, like all of us, he had some problems.
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但是，和所有人一样，他有些坏毛病。
13:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
13:45
And his was gambling,
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他沉迷赌博，
13:47
compulsively.
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无法自拔。
13:49
To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home,"
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对于他而言“仁爱先及亲友”
13:52
meant that my payday -- or someone else's --
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意味着我的发薪日或其他人的发薪日
13:55
would just happen to coincide with his lucky day.
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正好就是他赌博发财的那一天。
13:57
So you need to help him out.
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他需要帮助。
13:59
And sometimes I would loan him money
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有时候，我会把学校打工和暑假工作挣得的钱
14:01
from my after-school or summer jobs,
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借给他，
14:04
and he always had the great intention
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他只要手气好，
14:06
of paying me back with interest,
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就会坚持连本带利
14:08
of course, after he hit it big.
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把钱还给我。
14:10
And he did sometimes, believe it or not,
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有时候，他很幸运，信不信由你，
14:12
at a racetrack in Los Angeles --
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他在洛杉矶的赛马场上赢了一些钱-
14:14
one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940s.
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洛杉矶受欢迎的原因之一- 那时是二十世纪四十年代的事了，
14:17
He made 15,000 dollars cash
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他赚了一万五千美元现金，
14:19
and bought the house that I grew up in.
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买下了一间房子，我就是在这间房子里长大的。
14:21
So I'm not that unhappy about that.
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对此，我并没有什么意见。
14:23
But listen, I did feel obligated to him,
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但是，我对他应负有义务之责。
14:26
and I grew up -- then I grew up.
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我渐渐长大。
14:29
And I'm a grown woman now,
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现在我已经是成年人了。
14:31
and I have learned a few things along the way.
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在成长的过程中，我学会了很多道理。
14:33
To me, charity
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对于我而言，
14:35
often is just about giving,
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仁爱往往意味着给予，
14:37
because you're supposed to,
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是你分内的事情，
14:39
or because it's what you've always done,
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是你一直在做的事情，
14:41
or it's about giving until it hurts.
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也可能是你一厢情愿的付出。
14:44
I'm about providing the means
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我认为仁爱是
14:46
to build something that will grow
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推动事情的发展
14:48
and intensify its original investment
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将最初的投入增值和最大化，
14:51
and not just require greater giving next year --
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而不是为下一年增大投入-
14:53
I'm not trying to feed the habit.
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我不想纵容父亲的坏毛病。
14:55
I spent some years
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我花了几年时间
14:57
watching how good intentions for community empowerment,
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观察那些意在
15:00
that were supposed to be there
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帮助并支持社区的
15:02
to support the community and empower it,
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良好动机
15:05
actually left people
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如何让人们
15:07
in the same, if not worse, position that they were in before.
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裹足不前。
15:10
And over the past 20 years,
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在过去的20年里，
15:12
we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars
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我们为解决社会问题
15:14
on social problems,
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花了不少善款，
15:16
yet educational outcomes,
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然而教育的成果，
15:18
malnutrition, incarceration,
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营养不良，牢狱，
15:20
obesity, diabetes, income disparity,
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肥胖，糖尿病，工资分配不均等问题
15:22
they've all gone up with some exceptions --
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都在加剧，也有例外
15:25
in particular, infant mortality
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比如贫困人口中
15:28
among people in poverty --
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婴儿死亡率有所下降-
15:30
but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well.
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但是我们的目标是让他们过上幸福的美好人生。
15:34
And I know a little bit about these issues,
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我多少了解这些问题的实际情况，
15:36
because, for many years, I spent a long time
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因为我曾在非营利性行业里
15:39
in the non-profit industrial complex,
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工作过很多年。
15:41
and I'm a recovering executive director,
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我现在是一名执行理事，
15:43
two years clean.
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足足干了两年。
15:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
15:47
But during that time, I realized that it was about projects
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在那段时间里，我意识到，
15:50
and developing them on the local level
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只有因地制宜地发展
15:52
that really was going to do the right thing for our communities.
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我们才能造福当地社区。
15:55
But I really did struggle for financial support.
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我碰到了资金方面的问题。
15:58
The greater our success,
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我们的工程做得越火，
16:00
the less money came in from foundations.
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赞助机构给的钱就越少。
16:02
And I tell you, being on the TED stage
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实话说，在同一年里既被邀来在TED讲话，
16:04
and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year
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又获得了“麦克阿瑟奖”
16:06
gave everyone the impression that I had arrived.
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大家都以为我已经是个成功人士了。
16:09
And by the time I'd moved on,
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其实，为了让我的工作继续下去，
16:11
I was actually covering a third
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我依靠演讲所获得的收入
16:13
of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees.
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支付了我机构三分之一的开销。
16:16
And I think because early on, frankly,
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早些时候，坦白说，
16:18
my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time.
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我的项目也就比计划提前一点完成了。
16:20
But since then,
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在此之后，
16:22
the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk
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这一片垃圾掩埋场-我在TED2006年的演讲中重点提到过它-
16:25
became this little thing.
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后来成了这个小公园。
16:28
But I did in fact get married in it.
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我还在这里举行了婚礼呢。
16:30
Over here.
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就在这里。
16:32
There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding.
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我的狗正把我牵到婚礼举行的地点。
16:38
The South Bronx Greenway
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南布朗克斯绿化带
16:40
was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006.
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在2006年还只是图纸上的一幅画。
16:43
Since then, we got
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在那之后，我们得到了
16:45
about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money
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将近五千万美元的一揽子刺激计划资金
16:47
to come and get here.
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来建设绿化带。
16:49
And we love this, because I love construction now,
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我们很开心，我看到施工就很愉快，
16:51
because we're watching these things actually happen.
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应为我们能亲眼见证工程的发展。
16:53
So I want everyone to understand
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我希望大家看到
16:55
the critical importance
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把公益事业转变为企业事业
16:57
of shifting charity into enterprise.
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是多么重要。
17:00
I started my firm to help communities across the country
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我开办了自己的公司，就是为了帮助全国各地的社区
17:03
realize their own potential
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实践他们的自身潜力
17:05
to improve everything about the quality of life for their people.
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从而进一步从方方面面提高人们的生活质量。
17:08
Hometown security
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“国土安全”
17:10
is next on my to-do list.
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就是我的下一步行动。
17:12
What we need are people who see the value
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我们需要吸引那些有慧眼的人
17:14
in investing in these types of local enterprises,
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向这些类型的当地企业进行投资，
17:17
who will partner with folks like me
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吸引那些愿意和我这样的人合作的伙伴
17:19
to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation
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我们都力求找到发展的趋势，适应气候变化的要求，
17:22
as well as understand the growing social costs
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并理解商业发展的社会成本
17:25
of business as usual.
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是不断增加的。
17:27
We need to work together
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我们必须齐心协力，
17:29
to embrace and repair our land,
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拥抱并修复我们的土地，
17:31
repair our power systems
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修复电力系统，
17:33
and repair ourselves.
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并进行自我反省。
17:35
It's time to stop building
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不要再为
17:37
the shopping malls, the prisons,
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商业广场，监狱，
17:39
the stadiums
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体育馆，
17:41
and other tributes to all of our collective failures.
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和其它设施浪费钱了。
17:45
It is time that we start building
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我们应该开始构筑
17:47
living monuments to hope and possibility.
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充满生气的希望长城。
17:50
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家。
17:52
(Applause)
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（热烈掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Majora Carter - Activist for environmental justiceMajora Carter redefined the field of environmental equality, starting in the South Bronx at the turn of the century. Now she is leading the local economic development movement across the USA.
Why you should listen
Majora Carter is a visionary voice in city planning who views urban renewal through an environmental lens. The South Bronx native draws a direct connection between ecological, economic and social degradation. Hence her motto: "Green the ghetto!"
With her inspired ideas and fierce persistence, Carter managed to bring the South Bronx its first open-waterfront park in 60 years, Hunts Point Riverside Park. Then she scored $1.25 million in federal funds for a greenway along the South Bronx waterfront, bringing the neighborhood open space, pedestrian and bike paths, and space for mixed-use economic development.
Her success is no surprise to anyone who's seen her speak; Carter's confidence, energy and intensely emotional delivery make her talks themselves a force of nature. (The release of her TEDTalk in 2006 prompted Guy Kawasaki to wonder on his blog whether she wasn't "every bit as good as [Apple CEO] Steve Jobs," a legendary presenter.)
Carter, who was awarded a 2005 MacArthur "genius" grant, served as executive director of Sustainable South Bronx for 7 years, where she pushed both for eco-friendly practices (such as green and cool roofs) and, equally important, job training and green-related economic development for her vibrant neighborhood on the rise. Since leaving SSBx in 2008, Carter has formed the economic consulting and planning firm the Majora Carter Group, to bring her pioneering approach to communities far outside the South Bronx. Carter is working within the cities of New Orleans, Detroit and the small coastal towns of Northeastern North Carolina. The Majora Carter Group is putting the green economy and green economic tools to use, unlocking the potential of every place -- from urban cities and rural communities, to universities, government projects, businesses and corporations -- and everywhere else in between.
Majora Carter | Speaker | TED.com