TEDSalon London Fall 2011
Taryn Simon: The stories behind the bloodlines
Taryn Simon: 血缘背后的故事
Filmed:
Readability: 5.4
813,142 views
Taryn Simon通过为一个个故事中的人物的子孙后代们拍照来展现宏大的，跨越时代的故事的精髓。在这个引人入胜的演讲中，她展示了一些来自世界各地的故事，从而审视血缘的本质，并探究各种不同的力量如何相互作用最终塑造了我们的人生。
Taryn Simon - Artist
With a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants. Full bio
With a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
This is Shivdutt Yadav,
0
1000
2000
这位是Shidutt Yadav,
00:18
and he's from Uttar Pradesh, India.
1
3000
3000
他来自印度的Uttar Pradesh（北方邦）
00:21
Now Shivdutt was visiting the local land registry office
2
6000
3000
当Shivdutt去Uttar Pradesh（北方邦）的
00:24
in Uttar Pradesh,
3
9000
2000
土地登记办公室时
00:26
and he discovered
4
11000
2000
他发现
00:28
that official records were listing him as dead.
5
13000
2000
他被列入官方文件的已死亡名单中。
00:30
His land was no longer registered
6
15000
2000
他名下的土地已经
00:32
in his name.
7
17000
2000
不再属于他。
00:34
His brothers, Chandrabhan and Phoolchand,
8
19000
3000
他的兄弟，Chandrabhan和Phoolchand
00:37
were also listed as dead.
9
22000
2000
也在死亡名单里。
00:39
Family members had bribed officials
10
24000
2000
他们的亲戚贿赂当地官员
00:41
to interrupt the hereditary transfer of land
11
26000
3000
签署了这三兄弟的死亡声明，
00:44
by having the brothers declared dead,
12
29000
2000
由此中断三兄弟的土地继承程序
00:46
allowing them to inherit
13
31000
2000
自己继承了这些土地。
00:48
their father's share of the ancestral farmland.
14
33000
3000
这是他们的祖先留下的，属于三兄弟的父亲的土地。
00:51
Because of this, all three brothers and their families
15
36000
3000
为此，三兄弟和他们的家人
00:54
had to vacate their home.
16
39000
3000
不得不背井离乡。
00:57
According to the Yadav family,
17
42000
2000
根据Yadav家族的说法
00:59
the local court has been scheduling a case review
18
44000
2000
当地法院自2001年起对此案排期开审
01:01
since 2001,
19
46000
2000
但自2001 年以来
01:03
but a judge has never appeared.
20
48000
3000
法官从未出庭
01:06
There are several instances in Uttar Pradesh
21
51000
2000
在Uttar Pradesh （北方邦）
01:08
of people dying
22
53000
2000
很多人直到死
01:10
before their case is given a proper review.
23
55000
3000
都没能看到他们的案件被妥善审理。
01:13
Shivdutt's father's death and a want for his property
24
58000
3000
Shivdutt的父亲去世后，家人垂涎他的财产
01:16
led to this corruption.
25
61000
3000
导致这起腐败案的发生。
01:19
He was laid to rest in the Ganges River,
26
64000
2000
他被安葬在恒河
01:21
where the dead are cremated along the banks of the river
27
66000
2000
在那里，有的遗体在河岸边被火化，
01:23
or tied to heavy stones and sunk in the water.
28
68000
4000
有的则被缚上巨石沉入河中。
01:27
Photographing these brothers
29
72000
2000
拍下这些人的照片
01:29
was a disorienting exchange
30
74000
2000
是我觉得很困惑。
01:31
because on paper they don't exist,
31
76000
2000
因为在官方文件里，他们并不存在。
01:33
and a photograph is so often used as an evidence of life.
32
78000
3000
但这一张张照片证明他们确实还活在这个世界上。
01:36
Yet, these men remain dead.
33
81000
3000
然而，照片无法改变他们（在官方文件里）的死亡记录。
01:39
This quandary led to the title of the project,
34
84000
2000
这样的困惑使我为展览选择了这个主题：
01:41
which considers in many ways
35
86000
3000
很多时候
01:44
that we are all the living dead
36
89000
2000
我们都是活着的死人
01:46
and that we in some ways represent
37
91000
2000
在很多时候，我们扮演着
01:48
ghosts of the past and the future.
38
93000
3000
过去与未来的鬼魂。
01:53
So this story is the first of 18 chapters
39
98000
2000
这是我新作品中的第一个故事。
01:55
in my new body of work titled "A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters."
40
100000
5000
这是一个分成十八个章节的展览，主题是“死亡声明上的活人与其他章节”。
02:00
And for this work,
41
105000
2000
为了这个展览
02:02
I traveled around the world over a four-year period
42
107000
2000
我在过去的四年时间里踏遍世界
02:04
researching and recording bloodlines
43
109000
2000
研究和记录血缘关系
02:06
and their related stories.
44
111000
3000
和其他相关故事。
02:09
I was interested in ideas surrounding fate
45
114000
3000
我对命运的话题很感兴趣，
02:12
and whether our fate is determined
46
117000
2000
我想知道我们的命运是否取决于
02:14
by blood, chance or circumstance.
47
119000
3000
我们的血统、机遇和环境。
02:19
The subjects I documented
48
124000
2000
我记录了各种各样的人和事
02:21
ranged from feuding families in Brazil
49
126000
2000
从巴西家族间的世代恩怨
02:23
to victims of genocide in Bosnia
50
128000
2000
到波斯尼亚种族灭绝受害者的经历，
02:25
to the first woman to hijack an airplane
51
130000
2000
从第一位女劫机犯
02:27
and the living dead in India.
52
132000
3000
到印度的活死人。
02:30
In each chapter, you can see the external forces
53
135000
3000
在每一个章节中，你能看到一种碰撞，
02:33
of governance, power and territory or religion
54
138000
3000
那是来自政府、统治者、领土和宗教信仰的外部力量
02:36
colliding with the internal forces
55
141000
2000
与人们与生俱来的精神
02:38
of psychological and physical inheritance.
56
143000
4000
和身体的内在力量之间发生的碰撞。
02:42
Each work that I make
57
147000
2000
我的每个作品
02:44
is comprised of three segments.
58
149000
2000
都由三个部分组成。
02:46
On the left are one or more portrait panels
59
151000
3000
左边的展板是一个或几个人像，
02:49
in which I systematically order
60
154000
2000
我把同一家族的人们
02:51
the members of a given bloodline.
61
156000
2000
按照血缘关系排列，
02:53
This is followed by a text panel, it's designed in scroll form,
62
158000
3000
中间是设计成卷轴样式的文本面板，
02:56
in which I construct
63
161000
2000
用来讲述
02:58
the narrative at stake.
64
163000
2000
最重要的故事。
03:00
And then on the right is what I refer to as a footnote panel.
65
165000
3000
右边的展板用来做脚注说明
03:03
It's a space that's more intuitive
66
168000
2000
这里更直观的展示了
03:05
in which I present fragments of the story,
67
170000
2000
一些故事的片段
03:07
beginnings of other stories, photographic evidence.
68
172000
3000
和另一些故事的开端以及照片凭据。
03:10
And it's meant to kind of reflect
69
175000
3000
这是为了在某种程度模拟
03:13
how we engage with histories or stories on the Internet,
70
178000
2000
我们在网上浏览历史和故事时的状态。
03:15
in a less linear form.
71
180000
2000
那是一种以一种不那么线性的方式，
03:17
So it's more disordered.
72
182000
2000
所以它更无序。
03:19
And this disorder is in direct contrast
73
184000
3000
而这样的无序恰恰与
03:22
to the unalterable order of a bloodline.
74
187000
3000
血缘关系的不容更改的秩序形成直接对比
03:27
In my past projects I've often worked in serial form,
75
192000
3000
在我过去的作品中，我经常按部就班
03:30
documenting things that have
76
195000
2000
以一种看起来更易理解的方式
03:32
the appearance of being comprehensive
77
197000
2000
来记录事情
03:34
through a determined title and a determined presentation,
78
199000
3000
总是用确定的标题和确定的展现方式。
03:37
but in fact, are fairly abstract.
79
202000
3000
但事实上，这种记录方式是非常抽象。
03:40
In this project I wanted to work in the opposite direction
80
205000
2000
因此在这个作品中，我想采用一种截然相反的方式，
03:42
and find an absolute catalog,
81
207000
3000
我想按照一个绝对的顺序来编辑，
03:45
something that I couldn't interrupt, curate or edit by choice.
82
210000
4000
一种让我不能随意选择中断、策划或编辑的顺序。
03:49
This led me to blood.
83
214000
2000
我找到了血缘关系。
03:51
A bloodline is determined and ordered.
84
216000
3000
血缘关系是明确而有序的。
03:54
But the project centers
85
219000
2000
而这个展览的核心是
03:56
on the collision of order and disorder --
86
221000
2000
有序和无序的碰撞：
03:58
the order of blood butting up against the disorder
87
223000
3000
血缘关系的有序性
04:01
represented in the often chaotic and violent stories
88
226000
3000
与混乱暴力的故事的无序性之间的碰撞。
04:04
that are the subjects of my chapters.
89
229000
3000
这就是我的作品的主题
04:07
In chapter two, I photograph the descendants of Arthur Ruppin.
90
232000
4000
在第二章，在我拍摄了Arthur Ruppin的后代
04:11
He was sent in 1907 to Palestine
91
236000
3000
Arthur Ruppin在1907年被犹太复国主义组织
04:14
by the Zionist organization
92
239000
2000
送到巴勒斯坦
04:16
to look at areas for Jewish settlement
93
241000
3000
去寻找可以成为犹太人定居点的地方
04:19
and acquire land for Jewish settlement.
94
244000
3000
并且为此获取土地。
04:22
He oversaw land acquisition
95
247000
2000
他作为巴勒斯坦的土地发展公司的代表
04:24
on behalf of the Palestine Land Development Company
96
249000
3000
负责监管收购土地
04:27
whose work led to the establishment
97
252000
2000
他的工作就是为了建立
04:29
of a Jewish state.
98
254000
3000
一个犹太人的国家。
04:32
Through my research at the Zionist Archives in Jerusalem,
99
257000
3000
我在耶路撒冷犹太复国主义档案馆的时候，
04:35
I wanted to look at the early paperwork
100
260000
2000
我想研究一下关于犹太国家建立的
04:37
of the establishment of the Jewish state.
101
262000
2000
早期文史资料。
04:39
And I found these maps which you see here.
102
264000
3000
这就是我找到的地图。
04:42
And these are studies
103
267000
2000
这些是犹太人定居点的备选方案，
04:44
commissioned by the Zionist organization
104
269000
2000
都是犹太复国主义组织
04:46
for alternative areas for Jewish settlement.
105
271000
2000
委托研究的。
04:48
In this, I was interested in the consequences
106
273000
2000
这让我对（这些方案）在地理学方面的
04:50
of geography
107
275000
2000
可能造成的影响很感兴趣。
04:52
and imagining how the world would be different
108
277000
2000
想象一下如果以色列是在乌干达境内
04:54
if Israel were in Uganda,
109
279000
3000
就像这些地图所标注的那样
04:57
which is what these maps demonstrate.
110
282000
2000
这个世界将会多么不一样。
04:59
These archives in Jerusalem,
111
284000
2000
这些是保存在在耶路撒冷的档案
05:01
they maintain a card index file
112
286000
2000
他们保留着卡片索引
05:03
of the earliest immigrants and applicants for immigration
113
288000
3000
记录着最早的移民和入境事务处申请。
05:06
to Palestine, and later Israel,
114
291000
2000
这些是1919年至1965年间
05:08
from 1919 to 1965.
115
293000
3000
到巴勒斯坦和后来到以色列的人们的记录。
05:13
Chapter three:
116
298000
2000
第 3 章：
05:15
Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo
117
300000
3000
Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Onijo
05:18
treated patients outside of Kisumu, Kenya
118
303000
3000
他在肯尼亚基苏木市外郊区行医
05:21
for AIDS, tuberculosis, infertility,
119
306000
3000
治疗艾滋病、 结核病、 不孕不育，
05:24
mental illness, evil spirits.
120
309000
2000
精神疾病、邪灵蛊术。
05:26
He's most often paid for his services
121
311000
3000
他最常收到的诊疗费
05:29
in cash, cows or goats.
122
314000
3000
是现金、 牛或是山羊
05:32
But sometimes when his female patients
123
317000
2000
但有时当他的女病人
05:34
can't afford his services,
124
319000
2000
无法支付诊疗费时
05:36
their families give the women to Jura
125
321000
3000
他们的家人就会将这名妇女送给Jura
05:39
in exchange for medical treatment.
126
324000
2000
以换取治疗。
05:41
As a result of these transactions,
127
326000
2000
这些交易的结果就是
05:43
Jura has nine wives,
128
328000
2000
Jura有九个妻子，
05:45
32 children
129
330000
2000
32 个孩子
05:47
and 63 grandchildren.
130
332000
2000
和 63个 孙子。
05:49
In his bloodline you see the children and grandchildren here.
131
334000
3000
你可以在他的血缘关系图中看到这些孩子、孙子
05:54
Two of his wives were brought to him
132
339000
2000
他的其中两个妻子是因为
05:56
suffering from infertility
133
341000
2000
患有不孕不育症被送到他那儿
05:58
and he cured them,
134
343000
3000
然后他治好了她们；
06:01
three for evil spirits,
135
346000
2000
另外三个妻子是因为邪灵附体（被送来的）；
06:03
one for an asthmatic condition and severe chest pain
136
348000
3000
还有一个是因为有哮喘和严重的胸痛；
06:06
and two wives Ondijo claims he took for love,
137
351000
3000
最后Ondijo声称是因为爱情，他娶了另两个妻子，
06:09
paying their families a total of 16 cows.
138
354000
3000
并为此支付了16头 牛给她们的家庭。
06:12
One wife deserted him
139
357000
2000
他的一个妻子离开了他
06:14
and another passed away during treatment for evil spirits.
140
359000
4000
还有一个妻子在驱赶邪灵时去世了。
06:18
Polygamy is widely practiced in Kenya.
141
363000
3000
一夫多妻在肯尼亚很常见，
06:21
It's common among a privileged class
142
366000
2000
尤其是在特权阶级中。
06:23
capable of paying numerous dowries
143
368000
2000
他们有能力支付丰厚的礼金，
06:25
and keeping multiple homes.
144
370000
2000
也能养活多个家庭成员。
06:27
Instances of prominent social and political figures
145
372000
3000
在社会和政治方面有突出地位的人物
06:30
in polygamous relationships
146
375000
2000
都保持着一夫多妻的关系，
06:32
has led to the perception of polygamy
147
377000
3000
这使得一夫多妻被看做是
06:35
as a symbol of wealth, status and power.
148
380000
5000
财富、 地位和权力的象征。
06:40
You may notice in several of the chapters that I photographed
149
385000
3000
您可能会注意到在某几个章节的照片中
06:43
there are empty portraits.
150
388000
2000
有的人像是空白的
06:45
These empty portraits represent individuals,
151
390000
2000
这些空的画像代表着一些人
06:47
living individuals, who couldn't be present.
152
392000
3000
一些活着的但无法出现在画面中的人。
06:50
And the reasons for their absence are given in my text panel.
153
395000
3000
我在文本展板中提到了他们缺席的原因，
06:53
They include dengue fever,
154
398000
2000
包括登革热、
06:55
imprisonment, army service,
155
400000
2000
坐牢和参军，
06:57
women not allowed to be photographed
156
402000
2000
另外由于宗教和文化的原因
06:59
for religious and cultural reasons.
157
404000
3000
某些地方不允许妇女拍照。
07:02
And in this particular chapter,
158
407000
2000
在这一章里
07:04
it's children whose mothers
159
409000
2000
缺席的是儿童，因为他们的母亲
07:06
wouldn't allow them to travel to the photographic shoot
160
411000
2000
不愿让孩子们前往拍摄地点
07:08
for fear that their fathers would kidnap them during it.
161
413000
4000
因为担心他们的父亲会在这路上绑架他们。
07:14
Twenty-four European rabbits
162
419000
2000
第六章：1859年，一位英国拓荒者
07:16
were brought to Australia in 1859
163
421000
2000
将二十四只欧洲兔
07:18
by a British settler
164
423000
2000
带到澳大利亚
07:20
for sporting purposes, for hunting.
165
425000
3000
用来运动和打猎。
07:23
And within a hundred years,
166
428000
2000
一百年内,
07:25
that population of 24 had exploded to half a billion.
167
430000
4000
24 只兔子爆炸性地繁衍到5 亿只
07:29
The European rabbit has no natural predators in Australia,
168
434000
3000
欧洲兔在澳大利亚没有天敌
07:32
and it competes with native wildlife
169
437000
2000
它们和本土野生动物与竞争
07:34
and damages native plants
170
439000
2000
损害当地原生植物
07:36
and degrades the land.
171
441000
2000
并降低了土地的质量
07:38
Since the 1950s,
172
443000
2000
自 20 世纪 50 年代开始
07:40
Australia has been introducing lethal diseases
173
445000
3000
澳大利亚人将致命性疾病
07:43
into the wild rabbit population
174
448000
2000
带入野生兔子族群
07:45
to control growth.
175
450000
2000
以控制兔子数量
07:47
These rabbits were bred at a government facility,
176
452000
3000
这些兔子由一家
07:50
Biosecurity Queensland,
177
455000
2000
昆士兰生物安全局的政府机构培养。
07:52
where they bred three bloodlines of rabbits
178
457000
2000
他们培养了三种不同血统的兔子
07:54
and have infected them with a lethal disease
179
459000
2000
让它们感染一种致命的疾病
07:56
and are monitoring their progress
180
461000
2000
并监测它们的生长状况
07:58
to see if it will effectively kill them.
181
463000
3000
以验证这种疾病是否能杀死这些兔子。
08:01
So they're testing its virulence.
182
466000
2000
他们在测试病毒的毒性。
08:03
During the course of this trial, all of the rabbits died,
183
468000
3000
这项试验中，所有的兔子死了，
08:06
except for a few, which were euthanized.
184
471000
3000
除了几只是被安乐死的。
08:09
Haigh's Chocolate,
185
474000
2000
Haigh's 巧克力，
08:11
in collaboration
186
476000
2000
与澳大利亚灭除兔子基金会
08:13
with the Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia,
187
478000
3000
进行合作
08:16
stopped all production of the Easter Bunny in chocolate
188
481000
3000
停止所有复活节巧克力兔的生产
08:19
and has replaced it with the Easter Bilby.
189
484000
3000
而将它替换成了复活节袋狸
08:22
Now this was done to counter
190
487000
2000
这样做是为了抵抗
08:24
the annual celebration of rabbits
191
489000
2000
一年一度以兔子庆祝的模式
08:26
and presumably make the public more comfortable
192
491000
2000
以期大众能更易接受
08:28
with the killing of rabbits
193
493000
2000
杀死兔子这件事
08:30
and promote an animal that's native to Australia,
194
495000
2000
同时他们宣传一种澳大利亚的本地动物
08:32
and actually an animal that is threatened
195
497000
2000
一种实际上正受
08:34
by the European rabbit.
196
499000
3000
欧洲兔子威胁的动物。
08:38
In chapter seven, I focus on the effects
197
503000
2000
在第七章，我着重描述
08:40
of a genocidal act
198
505000
2000
针对某一血统的
08:42
on one bloodline.
199
507000
2000
种族灭绝行为。
08:44
So over a two-day period,
200
509000
2000
在两天内
08:46
six individuals from this bloodline
201
511000
2000
这血统的六个人
08:48
were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
202
513000
2000
在雷布雷尼察大屠杀中丧生。
08:50
This is the only work
203
515000
2000
这是我唯一一个，
08:52
in which I visually represent the dead.
204
517000
2000
以视觉方式呈现已经过世的人的作品
08:54
But I only represent those
205
519000
2000
但我只呈现
08:56
that were killed in the Srebrenica massacre,
206
521000
2000
在雷布雷尼察大屠杀中被杀害的人。
08:58
which is recorded as the largest mass murder in Europe
207
523000
3000
这是自第二次世界大战以来
09:01
since the Second World War.
208
526000
3000
在欧洲发生的最大规模的谋杀
09:04
And during this massacre,
209
529000
2000
这次大屠杀期间
09:06
8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys
210
531000
2000
8,000 个波斯尼亚穆斯林男人和男孩
09:08
were systematically executed.
211
533000
3000
被有计划的处死。
09:11
So when you look at a detail of this work,
212
536000
3000
所以，当你仔细地看这个展板
09:14
you can see, the man on the upper-left
213
539000
2000
你会发现左上角上的男人
09:16
is the father of the woman sitting next to him.
214
541000
2000
是坐在他旁边的女子的父亲。
09:18
Her name is Zumra.
215
543000
2000
她的名字是 Zumra
09:20
She is followed by her four children,
216
545000
3000
她旁边紧接着是她的四个孩子，
09:23
all of whom were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
217
548000
3000
四个孩子都在雷布雷尼察大屠杀中丧生了。
09:26
Following those four children is Zumra's younger sister
218
551000
3000
四个孩子后面接着是 Zumra 的妹妹
09:29
who is then followed by her children
219
554000
2000
她后面跟着的是她的孩子们
09:31
who were killed as well.
220
556000
3000
她的孩子们也被杀了
09:34
During the time I was in Bosnia,
221
559000
2000
我在波斯尼亚期间
09:36
the mortal remains of Zumra's eldest son
222
561000
2000
Zumra 的长子遗骨
09:38
were exhumed from a mass grave.
223
563000
2000
从万人坑的墓地中被挖掘出来
09:40
And I was therefore able to photograph
224
565000
2000
我因此拍摄到了他
09:42
the fully assembled remains.
225
567000
2000
完整的遗骸。
09:44
However, the other individuals
226
569000
2000
然而，其他人
09:46
are represented by these blue slides,
227
571000
2000
只能由这些蓝色底的照片来代表
09:48
which show tooth and bone samples
228
573000
2000
这些照片呈现的
09:50
that were matched to DNA evidence collected from family members
229
575000
3000
是牙和骨样本
09:53
to prove they were the identities
230
578000
2000
用来与从家庭成员的DNA样本作匹配
09:55
of those individuals.
231
580000
2000
以此来证明他们的身份
09:57
They've all been given a proper burial,
232
582000
2000
他们已经全部被体面地安葬，
09:59
so what remains are these blue slides
233
584000
2000
所以剩下的只有这些
10:01
at the International Commission for Missing Persons.
234
586000
3000
在“寻找失踪人员国际委员会”保留的蓝色的照片
10:06
These are personal effects
235
591000
2000
这些都是万人坑的墓地中
10:08
dug up from a mass grave
236
593000
2000
挖出个人物品
10:10
that are awaiting identification from family members
237
595000
3000
有待家庭成员来辨认。
10:13
and graffiti at the Potochari battery factory,
238
598000
3000
这是Potocharti电池厂的涂鸦
10:16
which was where the Dutch U.N. soldiers were staying,
239
601000
3000
荷兰的联合国士兵在等待被处决的时期
10:19
and also the Serbian soldiers later
240
604000
2000
曾经驻扎在这里
10:21
during the times of the executions.
241
606000
4000
其后塞尔维亚的士兵也驻扎在这个电池厂。
10:25
This is video footage used at the Milosevic trial,
242
610000
2000
这是在米洛舍维奇的审判中使用过的视频片段
10:27
which from top to bottom
243
612000
2000
它完整的展现了
10:29
shows a Serbian scorpion unit
244
614000
2000
一个塞尔维亚蝎子军事组织（的成员）
10:31
being blessed by an Orthodox priest
245
616000
3000
接受一名东正教神父的赐福的情景，
10:34
before rounding up the boys and men
246
619000
2000
在这个仪式之后，他们把男孩和男人集合起来
10:36
and killing them.
247
621000
2000
并杀死了他们。
10:40
Chapter 15 is more of a performance piece.
248
625000
4000
第 15 章更多地是一个表演作品
10:44
I solicited China's State Council Information Office in 2009
249
629000
4000
我在2009年请求中国国务院新闻办公室
10:48
to select a multi-generational bloodline
250
633000
3000
挑选一个多代同堂的家庭
10:51
to represent China for this project.
251
636000
3000
在这个展览中代表中国
10:54
They chose a large family from Beijing for its size,
252
639000
3000
出于家庭成员人数的考虑，他们选择了一个北京的大家庭，
10:57
and they declined to give me
253
642000
2000
然后他们拒绝提供
10:59
any further reasoning for their choice.
254
644000
2000
他们选择这个家庭的其他理由。
11:01
This is one of the rare situations
255
646000
2000
这个情况很罕见
11:03
where I have no empty portraits.
256
648000
2000
我没有一张空白的肖像。
11:05
Everyone showed up.
257
650000
2000
每个人都出现了。
11:07
You can also see the evolution of the one-child-only policy
258
652000
3000
您还可以看到独生子女政策
11:10
as it travels through the bloodline.
259
655000
2000
给一个家族带来的变化
11:14
Previously known as the Department of Foreign Propaganda,
260
659000
3000
国务院信息办的
11:17
the State Council Information Office
261
662000
3000
前身为中共中央对外宣传办公室
11:20
is responsible for all of China's external publicity operations.
262
665000
4000
它负责中国所有对外宣传工作
11:24
It controls all foreign media and image production
263
669000
3000
它通过控制所有在中国工作的外国媒体的活动
11:27
outside of China
264
672000
2000
达到控制中国境外
11:29
from foreign media working within China.
265
674000
2000
媒体对中国的的宣传和影像传播
11:31
It also monitors the Internet
266
676000
2000
国务院信息办同时监控互联网
11:33
and instructs local media
267
678000
2000
并指示本地媒体
11:35
on how to handle any potentially controversial issues,
268
680000
3000
如何处理任何可能引起争议的问题，
11:38
including Tibet, ethnic minorities,
269
683000
3000
包括西藏问题，少数民族问题
11:41
Human Rights, religion,
270
686000
2000
人权问题、 宗教问题、
11:43
democracy movements and terrorism.
271
688000
3000
民主运动问题和恐怖主义的问题。
11:46
For the footnote panel in this work,
272
691000
3000
在这个作品的脚注说明展板中
11:49
this office instructed me
273
694000
2000
我提到这个办公室吩咐我
11:51
to photograph their central television tower in Beijing.
274
696000
3000
拍摄他们在北京的中央广播电视塔。
11:54
And I also photographed the gift bag they gave me
275
699000
2000
我也拍下了他们在我离开前
11:56
when I left.
276
701000
2000
给我的礼物袋。
12:02
These are the descendants of Hans Frank
277
707000
2000
这些都是Hans Frank的后代
12:04
who was Hitler's personal legal advisor
278
709000
3000
他是希特勒的个人法律顾问
12:07
and governor general of occupied Poland.
279
712000
3000
也是波兰被占领后的地方总督
12:10
Now this bloodline includes numerous empty portraits,
280
715000
3000
这个家族展板中包含了许多空白的画像
12:13
highlighting a complex relationship
281
718000
2000
突出一个人的家族史中
12:15
to one's family history.
282
720000
3000
复杂的关系
12:18
The reasons for these absences
283
723000
2000
缺席的原因
12:20
include people who declined participation.
284
725000
3000
包括有些人拒绝参与
12:23
There's also parents who participated
285
728000
3000
有些父母自己参加了拍摄
12:26
who wouldn't let their children participate
286
731000
2000
但不让他们的孩子参加拍摄
12:28
because they thought they were too young to decide for themselves.
287
733000
3000
因为他们认为孩子太小了，还不能决定是否该参与这次拍摄和展览
12:31
Another section of the family
288
736000
2000
这个家庭的另一部分人
12:33
presented their clothing, as opposed to their physical presence,
289
738000
3000
展示了他们的衣服，而拒绝本人现身
12:36
because they didn't want to be identified
290
741000
2000
因为他们不想被人联想到
12:38
with the past that I was highlighting.
291
743000
2000
我刚才所说的过去的事情（他们是希特勒的个人法律顾问Hans Frank的后代）。
12:40
And finally, another individual
292
745000
2000
最后，另一个人
12:42
sat for me from behind
293
747000
2000
坐下来背对我
12:44
and later rescinded his participation,
294
749000
2000
最后他还是不愿意参与这个展览，
12:46
so I had to pixelate him out so he's unrecognizable.
295
751000
3000
所以我不得不将他的相片像素化，保证没人认出他。
12:52
In the footnote panel that accompanies this work
296
757000
2000
在这个作品旁边的脚注说明展板
12:54
I photographed an official Adolph Hitler postage stamp
297
759000
4000
我拍摄了一张官方的阿道夫希特勒邮资邮票
12:58
and an imitation of that stamp
298
763000
2000
和一张英国情报机构
13:00
produced by British Intelligence
299
765000
2000
仿制的邮票
13:02
with Hans Frank's image on it.
300
767000
2000
邮票上有Hans Frank的肖像
13:04
It was released in Poland
301
769000
2000
仿制的邮票在波兰发行
13:06
to create friction between Frank and Hitler,
302
771000
2000
目的是制造Frank与希特勒之间的摩擦
13:08
so that Hitler would imagine
303
773000
2000
这样希特勒就会想象
13:10
Frank was trying to usurp his power.
304
775000
2000
Frank想篡夺他的权力
13:14
Again, talking about fate,
305
779000
2000
再次，谈论到命运，
13:16
I was interested in the stories and fate
306
781000
2000
我对某些艺术作品中的
13:18
of particular works of art.
307
783000
2000
故事和命运感兴趣
13:20
These paintings were taken by Hans Frank
308
785000
3000
这些画是Hans Frank在
13:23
during the time of the Third Reich.
309
788000
2000
在第三帝国期间夺取的
13:25
And I'm interested in the impact of their absence and presence through time.
310
790000
4000
我对这些画作的消失和出现所带来的影响很有兴趣
13:29
They are Leonardo da Vinci's "Lady With an Ermine,"
311
794000
3000
这些是是达 · 芬奇的"抱银貂的女子"
13:32
Rembrandt's "Landscape With Good Samaritan"
312
797000
3000
伦勃朗的"好撒玛利亚人风景"
13:35
and Raphael's "Portrait of a Youth,"
313
800000
2000
以及从未被找回的
13:37
which has never been found.
314
802000
4000
拉斐尔的"少年画像"
13:41
Chapter 12 highlights
315
806000
2000
第 12 章讲述的是
13:43
people being born into a battle that is not of their making,
316
808000
3000
生于战争中的人，战争的起因与他们无关，
13:46
but becomes their own.
317
811000
2000
却变成了他们的战争
13:48
So this is the Ferraz family
318
813000
2000
这是Ferraz家族
13:50
and the Novaes family.
319
815000
2000
和Novaes家族
13:52
And they are in an active blood feud.
320
817000
3000
这两个家族间有着血海深仇。
13:55
This feud has been going on since 1991
321
820000
3000
此世仇始于1991年
13:58
in Northeast Brazil in Pernambuco,
322
823000
3000
在巴西东北部的伯南布哥
14:01
and it involved the deaths
323
826000
2000
它造成了
14:03
of 20 members of the families
324
828000
2000
20 名家庭成员
14:05
and 40 others associated with the feud,
325
830000
2000
和40名其他相关人士的死亡，
14:07
including hired hit men, innocent bystanders
326
832000
3000
包括雇佣的杀手、无辜的旁观者
14:10
and friends.
327
835000
3000
和朋友
14:13
Tensions between these two families date back to 1913
328
838000
3000
这两个家庭的紧张关系可以追溯至 1913 年
14:16
when there was a dispute over local political power.
329
841000
3000
他们在当地政治权力争斗中产生纠纷
14:19
But it got violent in the last two decades
330
844000
3000
过去的20年间他们之间的矛盾愈演愈烈
14:22
and includes decapitation
331
847000
2000
还涉及斩首
14:24
and the death of two mayors.
332
849000
2000
和两位市长的死亡。
14:26
Installed into a protective wall
333
851000
2000
在诺瓦郊区首页的Louis Novaes的
14:28
surrounding the suburban home of Louis Novaes,
334
853000
3000
家的周围安装着防护墙，他是
14:31
who's the head of the Novaes family,
335
856000
2000
Novaes家族的首领，
14:33
are these turret holes,
336
858000
2000
防护墙上到处是这样的炮塔孔
14:35
which were used for shooting and looking.
337
860000
3000
其中用于射击和侦查。
14:38
Brazil's northeast state of Pernambuco
338
863000
3000
巴西的东北状态的伯南布哥
14:41
is one of the nation's most violent regions.
339
866000
3000
是这个国家暴力冲突最激烈的地区之一。
14:44
It's rooted in a principle of retributive justice,
340
869000
2000
报复性正义原则，
14:46
or an eye for an eye,
341
871000
2000
或者说“以牙还牙，以眼还眼”的原则在这里根深蒂固，
14:48
so retaliatory killings
342
873000
2000
所以报复性杀人
14:50
have led to several deaths in the area.
343
875000
3000
造成这一地区多人死亡。
14:53
This story, like many of the stories in my chapters,
344
878000
3000
这个故事，像很多我的章节中的故事
14:56
reads almost as an archetypal episode,
345
881000
3000
读起来就像文学作品里的经典情节
14:59
like something out of Shakespeare,
346
884000
2000
像是莎士比亚的故事（一样不可思议）。
15:01
that's happening now and will happen again in the future.
347
886000
3000
但这却是正在发生的事情，并且将来还会继续发生。
15:04
I'm interested in these ideas of repetition.
348
889000
3000
我对这种不断重复的故事很感兴趣。
15:09
So after I returned home, I received word
349
894000
2000
然而当我回到家，我得到消息
15:11
that one member of the family
350
896000
2000
那个家族的一名成员
15:13
had been shot 30 times in the face.
351
898000
3000
脸上被射了30枪。
15:18
Chapter 17
352
903000
2000
第 17 章
15:20
is an exploration of the absence of a bloodline
353
905000
3000
是一个与血脉无关的故事
15:23
and the absence of a history.
354
908000
2000
一个与历史无关的故事
15:25
Children at this Ukrainian orphanage
355
910000
2000
这个故事说的是乌克兰孤儿院收养的孩子们
15:27
are between the ages of six and 16.
356
912000
3000
大的16岁，小的 6岁。
15:30
This piece is ordered by age
357
915000
2000
这部分作品是按照年龄排序的
15:32
because it can't be ordered by blood.
358
917000
2000
因为我无法将他们按照血缘联系起来。
15:34
In a 12-month period when I was at the orphanage,
359
919000
3000
我在那个孤儿院待了12个月，
15:37
only one child had been adopted.
360
922000
3000
期间只有一个孩子被领养。
15:40
Children have to leave the orphanage at age 16,
361
925000
3000
这些孩子年满16岁就必须离开孤儿院
15:43
despite the fact that there's often nowhere for them to go.
362
928000
5000
尽管事实上他们经常无处可去。
15:48
It's commonly reported in Ukraine
363
933000
2000
这样的事情在乌克兰经常发生：
15:50
that children, when leaving the orphanage
364
935000
2000
孩子们一旦离开孤儿院
15:52
are targeted for human trafficking,
365
937000
2000
就成为了人口贩卖，
15:54
child pornography and prostitution.
366
939000
3000
儿童色情和卖淫等犯罪的目标。
15:57
Many have to turn to criminal activity for their survival,
367
942000
3000
许多人为了生存，不得不从事犯罪活动。
16:00
and high rates of suicide are recorded.
368
945000
5000
他们的自杀率非常高。
16:05
This is a boys' bedroom.
369
950000
2000
这是一个男孩子的卧室。
16:07
There's an insufficient supply of beds at the orphanage
370
952000
2000
孤儿院的床位不够
16:09
and not enough warm clothing.
371
954000
2000
也没有足够的御寒衣物。
16:11
Children bathe infrequently
372
956000
2000
孩子们不能经常洗澡
16:13
because the hot water isn't turned on until October.
373
958000
3000
因为只有到了10月，孤儿院才供应热水。
16:16
This is a girls' bedroom.
374
961000
2000
这是个女孩的卧室。
16:18
And the director listed the orphanage's most urgent needs
375
963000
4000
孤儿院长列出了孤儿们最紧迫的需求
16:22
as an industrial size washing machine and dryer,
376
967000
3000
一台工业用洗衣机和烘干机，
16:25
four vacuum cleaners, two computers,
377
970000
2000
四个真空吸尘器，两台电脑，
16:27
a video projector, a copy machine,
378
972000
3000
一台视频投影机，一台复印机，
16:30
winter shoes and a dentist's drill.
379
975000
3000
冬天的鞋子和一个牙医用的牙钻。
16:33
This photograph, which I took at the orphanage of one of the classrooms,
380
978000
4000
这张照片，是我在孤儿院里的一个教室里拍的。
16:37
shows a sign which I had translated when I got home.
381
982000
3000
我回到家中才翻译出标语的意思
16:40
And it reads: "Those who do not know their past
382
985000
3000
标语的意思是："那些不知道自己的过去的人
16:43
are not worthy of their future."
383
988000
4000
不配拥有未来。"
16:47
There are many more chapters in this project.
384
992000
2000
在这个展览中还有很多章节。
16:49
This is just an abridged rendering
385
994000
2000
这里只是对这一千张多图片
16:51
of over a thousand images.
386
996000
2000
作个简单介绍。
16:53
And this mass pile of images and stories
387
998000
3000
这长篇累牍的图片和故事
16:56
forms an archive.
388
1001000
2000
形成了一个档案馆。
16:58
And within this accumulation of images and texts,
389
1003000
3000
在这图片和文本的累积中
17:01
I'm struggling to find patterns
390
1006000
2000
我竭力想找到一个模式
17:03
and imagine that the narratives that surround the lives we lead
391
1008000
4000
我努力想像这关于生命的种种故事
17:07
are just as coded as blood itself.
392
1012000
4000
就像血缘关系本身一样，早已被编写。
17:11
But archives exist
393
1016000
2000
但这档案存在的意义在于
17:13
because there's something that can't necessarily be articulated.
394
1018000
3000
有些无法用言语叙述的东西，
17:16
Something is said in the gaps
395
1021000
2000
就存在于这些文字的
17:18
between all the information that's collected.
396
1023000
3000
字里行间。
17:21
And there's this relentless persistence
397
1026000
3000
那就是出生与死亡
17:24
of birth and death
398
1029000
2000
这无情的存在
17:26
and an unending collection of stories in between.
399
1031000
3000
和生死之间无止境的故事。
17:29
It's almost machine-like
400
1034000
2000
人们的出生和死亡
17:31
the way people are born and people die,
401
1036000
2000
几乎就像机器一样
17:33
and the stories keep coming and coming.
402
1038000
3000
而这些故事不断地发生。
17:36
And in this, I'm considering,
403
1041000
3000
在这里，我思考着
17:39
is this actual accumulation
404
1044000
2000
这实实在在的积累
17:41
leading to some sort of evolution,
405
1046000
3000
是否导致着某种形式的进化？
17:44
or are we on repeat
406
1049000
2000
还是我们只是一遍又一遍地
17:46
over and over again?
407
1051000
3000
重复这个过程？
17:49
Thank you.
408
1054000
2000
谢谢。
17:51
(Applause)
409
1056000
2000
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Taryn Simon - ArtistWith a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants.
Why you should listen
Taryn Simon is a multidisciplinary artist working in photography, text, sculpture and performance. Guided by an interest in systems of categorization and classification, her practice involves extensive research into the power and structure of secrecy and the precarious nature of survival. Her works have been the subject of exhibitions at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Copenhagen (2016-17); The Albertinum, Dresden (2016); Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague (2016); Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow (2016); Jeu de Paume, Paris (2015); Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing (2013); Museum of Modern Art, New York (2012); Tate Modern, London (2011); Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (2011); and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2007).
In An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamiliar, Simon compiles an inventory of what lies hidden and out-of-view within the borders of the United States. She examines a culture through documentation of subjects from domains including: science, government, medicine, entertainment, nature, security and religion. Confronting the divide between those with and without the privilege of access, her collection reflects and reveals that which is integral to America’s foundation, mythology and daily functioning.
A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters I-XVIII was produced over a four-year period (2008–11) during which Simon traveled around the world researching and recording bloodlines and their related stories. In each of the eighteen "chapters" comprising the work, the external forces of territory, power, circumstance or religion collide with the internal forces of psychological and physical inheritance. The subjects documented by Simon include victims of genocide in Bosnia, test rabbits infected with a lethal disease in Australia, the first woman to hijack an aircraft, and the living dead in India. Her collection is at once cohesive and arbitrary, mapping the relationships among chance, blood and other components of fate.
Permanent collections include Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Tate Modern, London; the Guggenheim Museum, New York; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Her work was included in the 56th Venice Biennale (2015). Simon's installation, An Occupation of Loss (2016), co-commissioned by the Park Avenue Armory and Artangel, premiered in New York in 2016. The performance will be held again in London in 2018. Simon is a graduate of Brown University and a Guggenheim Fellow. She lives and works in New York.
Taryn Simon | Speaker | TED.com