ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Applebaum - Composer
Mark Applebaum has built an instrument out of doorstops and combs, as well as composed a piece of music to be performed by a florist.

Why you should listen

Don’t ask Mark Applebaum the question, “Is this music?” A composer and performer, he takes great joy in challenging the conventional boundaries of musical ontology. His solo, chamber, choral, orchestral, operatic and electroacoustic work has been performed throughout the world. He is also an accomplished jazz pianist and the founding director of the Stanford Improvisation Collective.

An associate professor of composition at Stanford University, Applebaum received the Walter J. Gores Award for excellence in teaching in 2003. He was also recently named the Hazy Family University Fellow in Undergraduate Education and the Leland & Edith Smith Faculty Scholar.

More profile about the speaker
Mark Applebaum | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxStanford

Mark Applebaum: The mad scientist of music

Mark Applebaum: 疯狂音乐科学家

Filmed:
5,439,346 views

Mark Applebaum作出用精彩手段打破常规的音乐,他为一个种花人作了一场音乐会,以及用垃圾和常见的东西做了一个乐器. 这个古怪的演讲可能会让你质疑你关于创造力的"规则". (在TEDxStanford拍摄)
- Composer
Mark Applebaum has built an instrument out of doorstops and combs, as well as composed a piece of music to be performed by a florist. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
I thought if I skipped跳过 it might威力 help my nerves神经,
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嗯..我想着我如果跳过这段会使我缓解下情绪
00:22
but I'm actually其实 having a paradoxical自相矛盾 reaction反应 to that,
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不过我对刚才鼓掌有个矛盾的反应
00:25
so that was a bad idea理念. (Laughter笑声)
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所以..嗯..不太好.(笑声)
00:27
Anyway无论如何, I was really delighted欣喜的 to receive接收 the invitation请帖
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不过呢,作为一个作曲家
00:30
to present当下 to you some of my music音乐 and some of my work
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我非常高兴能得到这样一个机会
00:34
as a composer作曲家, presumably想必 because it appeals上诉
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去向你们展示一些我们音乐作品
00:37
to my well-known知名 and abundant丰富 narcissism自恋狂. (Laughter笑声)
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因为这正符合我出名和很强的自恋倾向
00:41
And I'm not kidding开玩笑, I just think we should just
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我没开玩笑,我认为我应该说出来
00:44
say that and move移动 forward前锋. (Laughter笑声)
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然后继续前进
00:47
So, but the thing is, a dilemma困境 quickly很快 arose出现,
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不过呢,我马上就面临一个难题
00:50
and that is that I'm really bored无聊 with music音乐,
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就是我玩音乐都玩的无聊了
00:52
and I'm really bored无聊 with the role角色 of the composer作曲家,
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而且我对于作曲家这个工作也不感兴趣了
00:55
and so I decided决定 to put that idea理念, boredom无聊,
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因为我决定将无聊作为
00:58
as the focus焦点 of my presentation介绍 to you today今天.
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我今天演讲的主题
01:01
And I'm going to share分享 my music音乐 with you, but I hope希望
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我会跟你们分享我的一些音乐,不过我希望
01:04
that I'm going to do so in a way that tells告诉 a story故事,
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我通过讲一个故事的方式来做
01:06
tells告诉 a story故事 about how I used boredom无聊 as a catalyst催化剂
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是一个我如何用无聊作为催化剂
01:09
for creativity创造力 and invention发明, and how boredom无聊
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来带给我创造力和想象力的,
01:12
actually其实 forced被迫 me to change更改 the fundamental基本的 question
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以及无聊如何强迫去改变我曾再
01:15
that I was asking in my discipline学科,
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这个领域中一直问自己的问题
01:17
and how boredom无聊 also, in a sense,
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并且无聊如何促使我
01:19
pushed me towards taking服用 on roles角色 beyond the sort分类 of
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走向了超越最传统,
01:24
most traditional传统, narrow狭窄 definition定义 of a composer作曲家.
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最狭窄定义的作曲家
01:26
What I'd like to do today今天 is to start开始 with an excerpt摘抄
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我想以一段在
01:29
of a piece of music音乐 at the piano钢琴.
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钢琴上的音乐开始
01:32
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
01:41
Okay, I wrote that. (Laughter笑声)
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对,这就是我作的.(笑声)
01:44
No, it's not — (Applause掌声) Oh, why thank you.
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哈,其实不是---(鼓掌) 噢,谢谢你们.
01:46
No, no, I didn't write that.
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没没,那不是我作的.
01:48
In fact事实, that was a piece by Beethoven贝多芬,
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实际上,那是贝多芬的作品
01:50
and so I was not functioning功能 as a composer作曲家.
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因此我刚才不算是个作曲家
01:53
Just now I was functioning功能 in the role角色 of the interpreter翻译员,
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刚才我只是一个解释者
01:56
and there I am, interpreter翻译员.
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对,我就是解释者
01:58
So, an interpreter翻译员 of what? Of a piece of music音乐, right?
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解释者解释什么呢? 一段音乐,对吧?
02:00
But we can ask the question, "But is it music音乐?"
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不过我想问这个问题:"这是不是音乐呢?"
02:05
And I say this rhetorically修辞, because of course课程
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这是个修辞的问法,因为
02:06
by just about any standard标准 we would have to concede承认
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不管怎么说刚才那个
02:09
that this is, of course课程, a piece of music音乐,
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当然是一段音乐
02:11
but I put this here now because,
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不过我先这个问题放在这里
02:14
just to set it in your brains大脑 for the moment时刻,
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先放你们的脑子里搁一会儿
02:16
because we're going to return返回 to this question.
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因为我们会回到这个问题中的
02:18
It's going to be a kind of a refrain副歌
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在整个演讲中会是
02:19
as we go through通过 the presentation介绍.
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一种重复
02:21
So here we have this piece of music音乐 by Beethoven贝多芬,
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所以我这有一段贝多芬的音乐
02:23
and my problem问题 with it is, it's boring无聊.
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不过呢,这段音乐很无聊
02:27
I mean, you — I'm just like, a hush, huh -- It's like -- (Laughter笑声)
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你想嘛..这就跟--嘘,嘘,你看--(笑声)
02:33
It's Beethoven贝多芬, how can you say that?
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那可是贝多芬啊.你怎么能那样说?
02:35
No, well, I don't know, it's very familiar to me.
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嗯..我不知道. 这段音乐对我来说太熟悉了.
02:37
I had to practice实践 it as a kid孩子, and I'm really sick生病 of it. So -- (Laughter笑声)
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小时候我就练习它..现在我都快吐了,所以呢--(笑声)
02:40
I would, so what I might威力 like to try to do is to change更改 it,
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因此我想做的是改变它
02:43
to transform转变 it in some ways方法, to personalize个性化 it,
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以某种方式进行转变,对它进行个性化设计
02:45
so I might威力 take the opening开盘, like this idea理念 --
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所以就像是这样--
02:48
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
02:50
and then I might威力 substitute替代 -- (Music音乐)
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我还可以加上--(音乐)
02:55
and then I might威力 improvise凑合 on that melody旋律
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然后我还可以临时演奏
02:56
that goes forward前锋 from there -- (Music音乐)
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这一段----(音乐)
03:00
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
03:26
So that might威力 be the kind of thing -- Why thank you.
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基本上就是这样---谢谢.
03:29
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
03:33
That would be the kind of thing that I would do,
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这就是我想做的事情
03:35
and it's not necessarily一定 better than the Beethoven贝多芬.
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这不必要比贝多芬的要好
03:37
In fact事实, I think it's not better than it. The thing is -- (Laughter笑声) --
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实际上我觉得的确没贝多芬的好.不过呢---(笑声)
03:41
it's more interesting有趣 to me. It's less boring无聊 for me.
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对我来说更有趣,不是很无聊
03:46
I'm really leaning into me, because I, because I have
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我也就更倾向于我自己,因为
03:49
to think about what decisions决定 I'm going to make on the fly
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我必须很快对于下一步做出决定
03:53
as that Beethoven贝多芬 text文本 is running赛跑 in time through通过 my head
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当贝多芬的调调在我脑子的走过
03:56
and I'm trying to figure数字 out what kinds of transformations转换
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我在尝试去找到我想要
03:58
I'm going to make to it.
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做出的转变
04:00
So this is an engaging enterprise企业 for me, and
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因为呢这对于我来说很意思
04:02
I've really leaned凑近 into that first person pronoun代词 thing there,
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我的确为我自己创造一些东西,
04:07
and now my face面对 appears出现 twice两次, so I think we can agree同意
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现在我的图片出现第二次了,所以我觉得我们可以说
04:09
that this is a fundamentally从根本上 solipsistic唯我论 enterprise企业. (Laughter笑声)
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这实际上是一个唯我论的实业.(笑声)
04:13
But it's an engaging one, and it's interesting有趣 to me
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不过这很吸引人,有意思
04:16
for a while, but then I get bored无聊 with it, and by it,
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但过了一段时间,我又觉得无聊了,
04:18
I actually其实 mean, the piano钢琴, because it becomes,
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我觉得钢琴没意思了,因为
04:21
it's this familiar instrument仪器, it's timbral音色 range范围 is actually其实
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我太熟悉了,它的音调宽度实际
04:24
pretty漂亮 compressed压缩, at least最小 when you play on the keyboard键盘,
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很狭窄,至少当你在弹键盘的时候,
04:26
and if you're not doing things like listening to it
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而如果在你把它点燃后
04:29
after you've lit发光的 it on fire or something like that, you know.
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你又不去听它,就更无聊了.
04:32
It gets得到 a little bit boring无聊, and so pretty漂亮 soon不久
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所以很快呢,我把所有
04:34
I go through通过 other instruments仪器, they become成为 familiar,
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的乐器都玩了一遍,它们都变得对我来说很熟悉
04:36
and eventually终于 I find myself designing设计 and constructing建设
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到了最后我开始自己设计和制作
04:38
my own拥有 instrument仪器, and I brought one with me today今天,
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乐器,今天我就带来了一个
04:43
and I thought I would play a little bit on it for you
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我可以给你们演奏一段
04:46
so you can hear what it sounds声音 like.
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你可以听听是什么样子
04:48
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
04:59
You gotta总得 have doorstopsdoorstops, that's important重要. (Laughter笑声)
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你肯定得有钩环嘛,这很重要.(笑声)
05:05
I've got combs梳子. They're the only combs梳子 that I own拥有. (Music音乐)
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我还有梳子,这些我唯一拥有的梳子.(音乐)
05:08
They're all mounted安装 on my instruments仪器. (Laughter笑声)
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他们都在我的乐器上固定着.(笑声)
05:11
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
05:20
I can actually其实 do all sorts排序 of things. I can play
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我其实可以做很多. 我可以用
05:23
with a violin小提琴 bow. I don't have to use the chopsticks筷子.
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一个小提琴的弓来演奏. 我不需要用筷子
05:25
So we have this sound声音. (Music音乐)
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所以呢我就有这样的声音.(音乐)
05:33
And with a bank银行 of live生活 electronics电子产品,
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有着这一堆电子设备
05:35
I can change更改 the sounds声音 radically根本. (Music音乐)
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我可以急剧地改变声音.(音乐)
05:39
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
05:48
Like that, and like this. (Music音乐)
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比如说这样.(音乐)
05:55
And so forth向前.
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以及等等.
05:57
So this gives you a little bit of an idea理念 of the sound声音 world世界
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因此呢,你可以大概了解下这个乐器的声音
05:59
of this instrument仪器, which哪一个 I think is quite相当 interesting有趣
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我认为这很有趣
06:02
and it puts看跌期权 me in the role角色 of the inventor发明者, and the nice不错 thing about —
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而且我还变成了发明家,而这个
06:05
This instrument仪器 is called the MouseketeerMouseketeer ... (Laughter笑声)
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乐器呢就叫做米老鼠小人...(笑声)
06:09
and the cool thing about it is
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最酷的呢
06:11
I'm the world's世界 greatest最大 MouseketeerMouseketeer player播放机. (Laughter笑声)
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就是我是这个世界最好的米老鼠小人演奏家(笑声)
06:14
Okay? (Applause掌声)
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对吧?(鼓掌)
06:16
So in that regard看待, this is one of the things,
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所以说呢,
06:19
this is one of the privileges特权 of being存在,
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这就是作为发明家
06:21
and here's这里的 another另一个 role角色, the inventor发明者, and by the way,
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的一大好处,顺便说下
06:24
when I told you that I'm the world's世界 greatest最大,
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我当给你说我是世界上最好,
06:26
if you're keeping保持 score得分了, we've我们已经 had narcissism自恋狂 and solipsism唯我主义
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如果你记得话,我们已经有自恋主义和唯我主义了
06:30
and now a healthy健康 dose剂量 of egocentricism自我中心.
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现在呢是一股自我中心主义情结
06:32
I know some of you are just, you know, bingo答对了! Or, I don't know. (Laughter笑声)
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我知道你们其中一些人 "哈,对!" 好吧.其实我也不知道.(笑声)
06:36
Anyway无论如何, so this is also a really enjoyable其乐融融 role角色.
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不过这个角色的确很有意思
06:41
I should concede承认 also that I'm the world's世界 worst最差 MouseketeerMouseketeer player播放机,
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我还应该说我还是世界上最差的米老鼠小人演奏家
06:44
and it was this distinction分别 that I was most worried担心 about
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而我最担心的就是
06:46
when I was on that prior side of the tenure保有 divide划分.
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我在我终身占有东西上我是有优先地位的
06:49
I'm glad高兴 I'm past过去 that. We're not going to go into that.
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不过我现在已经不是
06:52
I'm crying哭了 on the inside. There are still scars伤疤.
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我在内心里哭.还有伤痕呢.
06:55
Anyway无论如何, but I guess猜测 my point is that all of these enterprises企业
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不过我想说的是所有这些实业
06:59
are engaging to me in their multiplicity多重, but as I've presented呈现 them
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都使我变得多才多艺,
07:02
to you today今天, they're actually其实 solitary enterprises企业,
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而且他们都是独自的实业
07:06
and so pretty漂亮 soon不久 I want to commune公社 with other people, and so
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所以很快我想和其他交流
07:09
I'm delighted欣喜的 that in fact事实 I get to compose撰写 works作品 for them.
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我很高兴我可以给其他人作曲
07:11
I get to write, sometimes有时 for soloists独唱 and I get to work with one person,
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我有时候给独奏者作曲
07:14
sometimes有时 full充分 orchestras乐团, and I work with a lot of people,
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有时候给整个管乐团作曲,我和很多人在合作
07:18
and this is probably大概 the capacity容量, the role角色 creatively创造性
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而这就是我的角色创造力
07:21
for which哪一个 I'm probably大概 best最好 known已知 professionally专业.
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我其实就是以这个最出名的
07:24
Now, some of my scores分数 as a composer作曲家 look like this,
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对于我作为一个作曲家的谱子
07:27
and others其他 look like this,
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有些是这样
07:29
and some look like this,
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有些是那样
07:32
and I make all of these by hand, and it's really tedious乏味.
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我这些都是我手做的,很麻烦
07:35
It takes a long, long time to make these scores分数,
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花很长很长时间才做出来
07:37
and right now I'm working加工 on a piece
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现在我正在作一个180
07:39
that's 180 pages网页 in length长度,
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页长的谱子
07:41
and it's just a big chunk of my life, and I'm just pulling out hair头发.
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这占用我生活很大部分,我就不停地揪头发
07:45
I have a lot of it, and that's a good thing I suppose假设. (Laughter笑声)
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不过我头发挺多,所有这是好事.(笑声)
07:48
So this gets得到 really boring无聊 and really tiresome烦人的 for me,
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不过最后我又觉得无聊了
07:51
so after a while the process处理 of notating其中注明了 is not only boring无聊,
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但一段时间后乐谱又变得无聊了,
07:54
but I actually其实 want the notation符号 to be more interesting有趣,
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而我想要乐谱变得更有趣
07:57
and so that's pushed me to do other projects项目 like this one.
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因此我就错了一些其他的工程
08:00
This is an excerpt摘抄 from a score得分了 called
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这是其中一个乐谱的一部分
08:02
"The Metaphysics形而上学 of Notation符号."
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"符号的形而上学"
08:05
The full充分 score得分了 is 72 feet wide.
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整个谱子有72英尺那么长
08:07
It's a bunch of crazy pictographic象形 notation符号.
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是一组疯了一般的图像式的谱子
08:10
Let's zoom放大 in on one section部分 of it right here. You can see
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让我们放大一下.你可以看到
08:13
it's rather detailed详细. I do all of this with drafting制图 templates模板,
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这其实非常细节化. 这些我都是通过先打草稿,平尺,
08:17
with straight直行 edges边缘, with French法国 curves曲线, and by freehand写意,
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法式曲线(译者注: 一种曲线模型), 以及用我的双手制作的
08:20
and the 72 feet was actually其实 split分裂
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而这72英尺长其实是分成了
08:23
into 12 six-foot-wide六英尺宽 panels面板 that were installed安装
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12个6英尺宽的在Cantor 艺术中心博物馆大厅
08:26
around the Cantor领唱者 Arts艺术 Center中央 Museum博物馆 lobby前厅 balcony阳台,
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的各处阳台上都有摆放
08:31
and it appeared出现 for one year in the museum博物馆,
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在这个博物馆里放了一年
08:35
and during that year, it was experienced有经验的 as visual视觉 art艺术
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在这一年,通常这些谱子都是用作视觉艺术品
08:37
most of the week, except, as you can see in these pictures图片,
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除了你在这个图片里可以看到,
08:39
on Fridays星期五, from noon中午 til胡麻 one, and only during that time,
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只有在每个周五,从正午到1点,
08:42
various各个 performers表演者 came来了 and interpreted解读 these strange奇怪
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许多演奏家就出来然后开始演奏这些
08:46
and undefined未定义 pictographic象形 glyphs字形. (Laughter笑声)
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奇怪的图形字符.(笑声)
08:49
Now this was a really exciting扣人心弦 experience经验 for me.
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这对我来说十分激动人心
08:53
It was gratifying可喜 musically音乐, but I think
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音乐上给予我满足,不过我认为更重要的
08:54
the more important重要 thing is it was exciting扣人心弦 because I got to take on
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是我承担了另外一个角色
08:57
another另一个 role角色, especially特别 given特定 that it appeared出现 in a museum博物馆,
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在这个博物馆中,
09:00
and that is as visual视觉 artist艺术家. (Laughter笑声)
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我其实是个视觉艺术家.(笑声)
09:03
We're going to fill up the whole整个 thing, don't worry担心. (Laughter笑声)
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我们一会儿要把这个填满呢,别担心.(笑声)
09:06
I am multitudes众人. (Laughter笑声)
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我非常多才多艺的.(笑声)
09:08
So one of the things is that, I mean, some people
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因此有些人会出来说
09:11
would say, like, "Oh, you're being存在 a dilettante外行,"
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"你其实全都对这些一知半解."
09:12
and maybe that's true真正. I can understand理解 how, I mean,
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或许这没错.我可以理解
09:15
because I don't have a pedigree谱系 in visual视觉 art艺术
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因为我在视觉艺术上没有什么血统
09:17
and I don't have any training训练, but it's just something
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我也没什么训练,只不过这是我一个
09:19
that I wanted to do as an extension延期 of my composition组成,
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作曲的一个扩充
09:22
as an extension延期 of a kind of creative创作的 impulse冲动.
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作为一种具有创造力的冲击
09:24
I can understand理解 the question, though虽然. "But is it music音乐?"
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但是我可以理解这个问题:"那这到底是不是音乐呢?"
09:28
I mean, there's not any traditional传统 notation符号.
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对此其实没有传统的说法.
09:30
I can also understand理解 that sort分类 of implicit含蓄 criticism批评
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我也可以理解那种间接的批判
09:32
in this piece, "S-togS-TOG," which哪一个 I made制作 when I was living活的 in Copenhagen哥本哈根.
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"S-tog" 这是当时我在哥本哈根住的时候我作的
09:35
I took the Copenhagen哥本哈根 subway地铁 map地图 and
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我把哥本哈根的地铁地图拿来
09:37
I renamed改名 all the stations to abstract抽象 musical音乐 provocations挑衅,
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然后我重新命名了所有的站台,都变成了音乐的音符
09:41
and the players玩家, who are synchronized同步 with stopwatches秒表,
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然后被秒表计时的演奏家
09:43
follow跟随 the timetables时间表, which哪一个 are listed上市 in minutes分钟 past过去 the hour小时.
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就跟着时间表,这些都是以分钟内来计算的
09:46
So this is a case案件 of actually其实 adapting适应 something,
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所以这是实际上改造一个东西,
09:49
or maybe stealing偷窃行为 something,
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或者说偷窃也行.
09:51
and then turning车削 it into a musical音乐 notation符号.
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然后把它变成一副乐谱
09:54
Another另一个 adaptation适应 would be this piece.
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另外一个改造是这样的
09:56
I took the idea理念 of the wristwatch手表, and I turned转身 it into a musical音乐 score得分了.
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我把一个腕表变成了音乐谱子
09:59
I made制作 my own拥有 faces面孔, and had a company公司 fabricate制造 them,
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我做了我自己的脸型,然后叫一个公司生产出来
10:02
and the players玩家 follow跟随 these scores分数.
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然后演奏家就按着这些谱子演奏
10:04
They follow跟随 the second第二 hands, and as they pass通过 over
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当他们通过各种各样的符号时,
10:07
the various各个 symbols符号, the players玩家 respond响应 musically音乐.
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他们的演奏出来是不同的
10:09
Here's这里的 another另一个 example from another另一个 piece,
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这儿有另外一个例子
10:12
and then its realization实现.
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以及我得到的结论
10:14
So in these two capacities能力, I've been scavenger清道夫,
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所以在这些例子中,我是一个清道夫
10:16
in the sense of taking服用, like, the subway地铁 map地图, right,
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将地铁地图拿来
10:19
or thief maybe, and I've also been designer设计师,
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或者小偷吧,我还是个设计师
10:21
in the case案件 of making制造 the wristwatches手表.
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因为我做了腕表
10:23
And once一旦 again, this is, for me, interesting有趣.
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这些还是非常有趣
10:27
Another另一个 role角色 that I like to take on is that of the performance性能 artist艺术家.
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另外一个我想要的角色是演出艺术家
10:30
Some of my pieces have these kind of weird奇怪的 theatric的戏剧 elements分子,
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一些我们的作品都有奇怪的剧场元素
10:33
and I often经常 perform演出 them. I want to show显示 you a clip
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我经常演奏他们,我想给你们看个我演奏
10:35
from a piece called "Echolalia模仿言语."
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"Echolalia"的片子
10:37
This is actually其实 being存在 performed执行 by Brian布赖恩 McWhorterMcWhorter,
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这实际上是被Brian McWhorter演奏的
10:40
who is an extraordinary非凡 performer演员.
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他是个很棒的演奏家
10:41
Let's watch a little bit of this, and please notice注意 the instrumentation仪器仪表.
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让我们看一点,尤其注意乐器部分
10:45
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
11:14
Okay, I hear you were laughing nervously紧张 because
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好吧,我听到你们在偷偷笑
11:15
you too could hear that the drill钻头 was a little bit sharp尖锐,
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因为你听到了这段有点刺耳
11:18
the intonation腔调 was a little questionable可疑的. (Laughter笑声)
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音调很奇怪.(笑声)
11:20
Let's watch just another另一个 clip.
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让我们看另外一个
11:22
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
11:32
You can see the mayhem混乱 continues继续, and there's, you know,
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你可以听到这还是挺刺耳的,
11:35
there were no clarinets单簧管 and trumpets小号
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而且这里面没有单簧管或者喇叭
11:37
and flutes笛子 and violins小提琴. Here's这里的 a piece that has
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或者笛子或者小提琴.
11:39
an even more unusual异常, more peculiar奇特 instrumentation仪器仪表.
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这有一个更不寻常的段子,使用更奇特的乐器
11:41
This is "TlTLön," for three conductors导体 and no players玩家. (Laughter笑声)
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这是"Tlon", 是由三个指挥家没有演奏家来完成的
11:58
This was based基于 on the experience经验 of actually其实 watching观看
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这是根据两个人在用
12:00
two people having a virulent有毒 argument论据 in sign标志 language语言,
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图形语言进行激烈争吵的经历而编来的
12:02
which哪一个 produced生成 no decibels分贝 to speak说话 of,
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这里面没有可以说出来的细节
12:04
but affectively情感上, psychologically心理, was a very loud experience经验.
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不过这心理上还是非常吵闹的
12:07
So, yeah, I get it, with, like, the weird奇怪的 appliances家电
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因此,有着这些奇怪的设备
12:11
and then the total absence缺席 of conventional常规 instruments仪器
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却毫无传统乐器
12:15
and this glut充斥 of conductors导体, people might威力, you know,
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和这一大堆指挥家,人们可以会问
12:18
wonder奇迹, yeah, "Is this music音乐?"
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"这是不是音乐呢?"
12:21
But let's move移动 on to a piece where clearly明确地 I'm behaving行为 myself,
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不过我们先看一个我在表现我的片子吧
12:25
and that is my "Concerto协奏曲 for Orchestra乐队."
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我是我的"管弦乐音乐会"
12:27
You're going to notice注意 a lot of conventional常规 instruments仪器
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你看到很多传统的乐器
12:29
in this clip. (Music音乐)
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(音乐)
12:33
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
12:46
This, in fact事实, is not the title标题 of this piece.
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这其实不是它的标题
12:48
I was a bit mischievous恶作剧. In fact事实, to make it more interesting有趣,
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我刚有点淘气,实际上我多加一个空格
12:50
I put a space空间 right in here, and this is the actual实际 title标题 of the piece.
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这才是它的标题
12:55
Let's continue继续 with that same相同 excerpt摘抄.
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让我们继续
12:57
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
13:07
It's better with a florist花商, right? (Laughter笑声) (Music音乐)
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我肯定会是个好的种花人,对吧?(笑声)(音乐)
13:15
Or at least最小 it's less boring无聊. Let's watch a couple一对 more clips剪辑.
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其实不是很无聊啊.让我们再多看几个
13:17
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
13:31
So with all these theatric的戏剧 elements分子, this pushes me in another另一个 role角色,
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因此这使我承担上另一个角色
13:34
and that would be, possibly或者, the dramaturge剧作家.
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那就是剧作家
13:37
I was playing播放 nice不错. I had to write the orchestra乐队 bits, right?
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我做的很不错,写那些管弦乐的东西,没错吧?
13:42
Okay? But then there was this other stuff东东, right?
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不过那还是其他东西,对吧?
13:44
There was the florist花商, and I can understand理解 that,
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还有个种花人,我理解那个
13:46
once一旦 again, we're putting pressure压力 on the ontology本体论 of music音乐
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我们还是在给音乐这个概念施压
13:49
as we know it conventionally传统,
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正如我们通常认定的一样
13:52
but let's look at one last piece today今天 I'm going to share分享 with you.
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好吧,我们来看今天的最后一个
13:56
This is going to be a piece called "Aphasia失语症,"
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这个叫做"Aphasia"
13:59
and it's for hand gestures手势 synchronized同步 to sound声音,
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这是跟音乐同步的手势
14:03
and this invites邀请 yet然而 another另一个 role角色, and final最后 one
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这使我变成另外一个角色,也是最后一个
14:05
I'll share分享 with you, which哪一个 is that of the choreographer编舞.
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也就是编舞者
14:08
And the score得分了 for the piece looks容貌 like this,
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这个谱子是这样的
14:10
and it instructs指示 me, the performer演员, to make
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去指导我作为演奏家
14:15
various各个 hand gestures手势 at very specific具体 times
247
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去在不同时间打出不同手势
14:17
synchronized同步 with an audio音频 tape胶带, and that audio音频 tape胶带
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与放的磁带同步,而那个磁带里
14:20
is made制作 up exclusively of vocal声音的 samples样本.
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都是声音的样本
14:23
I recorded记录 an awesome真棒 singer歌手,
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我录下了一个超棒的歌手
14:25
and I took the sound声音 of his voice语音 in my computer电脑,
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然后我在我电脑里使用了他的声音
14:27
and I warped扭曲 it in countless无数 ways方法 to come up with
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我用了无数的方法把它改变
14:30
the soundtrack声带 that you're about to hear.
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成了这样.你们马上会听到
14:32
And I'll perform演出 just an excerpt摘抄 of "Aphasia失语症" for you here. Okay?
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我就为你演奏一部分,可以吧?
14:37
(Music音乐)
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(音乐)
15:16
So that gives you a little taste味道 of that piece. (Applause掌声)
256
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这差不多就是那种感觉.(鼓掌)
15:22
Yeah, okay, that's kind of weird奇怪的 stuff东东.
257
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好吧,刚才那个比较奇怪
15:24
Is it music音乐? Here's这里的 how I want to conclude得出结论.
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那这是不是音乐呢?这是我想说的.
15:27
I've decided决定, ultimately最终, that this is the wrong错误 question,
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我最终决定了,那个问题是问的不对的
15:29
that this is not the important重要 question.
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这不是重点
15:31
The important重要 question is, "Is it interesting有趣?"
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重点是,"是不是有趣呢?"
15:34
And I follow跟随 this question, not worrying令人担忧 about "Is it music音乐?" --
262
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于是我开始思考这个问题,而不去想这是不是音乐
15:37
not worrying令人担忧 about the definition定义 of the thing that I'm making制造.
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不去担心我所做东西的定义
15:39
I allow允许 my creativity创造力 to push me
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我允许我的创造力
15:42
in directions方向 that are simply只是 interesting有趣 to me,
265
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去向那些我认为有趣的方面去推进我
15:44
and I don't worry担心 about the likeness of the result结果
266
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我不会担心结果
15:47
to some notion概念, some paradigm范例,
267
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对于一些观点,或者范例的影响
15:49
of what music音乐 composition组成 is supposed应该 to be,
268
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以及音乐作品应该是什么样
15:52
and that has actually其实 urged敦促 me, in a sense,
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这样以来,我实际上被激励了
15:54
to take on a whole整个 bunch of different不同 roles角色,
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我承担了一大堆角色
15:56
and so what I want you to think about is,
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因此我想让你们思考的是,
15:58
to what extent程度 might威力 you change更改 the fundamental基本的 question
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你可能会改变你的领域中
16:02
in your discipline学科, and, okay,
273
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的基本问题,
16:04
I'm going to put one extra额外 little footnote脚注 in here,
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我最后还是想在这里做个注脚
16:07
because, like, I realized实现 I mentioned提到
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1614
因为,我意识到
16:08
some psychological心理 defects缺陷 earlier, and we also,
276
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前面一些心理学的缺陷,
16:11
along沿 the way, had a fair公平 amount of obsessive强迫症 behavior行为,
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3743
以及很多的着迷的行为
16:15
and there was some delusional妄想 behavior行为 and things like that,
278
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还有些妄想的行为
16:17
and here I think we could say that this is an argument论据
279
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我觉得我们应该说这是对自弃
16:20
for self-loathing自我厌恶 and a kind of schizophrenia精神分裂症,
280
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1979
和精神分裂症的辩论
16:22
at least最小 in the popular流行 use of the term术语,
281
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至少通俗语言是这么说
16:24
and I really mean dissociative分离性 identity身分 disorder紊乱, okay. (Laughter笑声)
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2234
其实我的意思是多重人格分裂症.(笑声)
16:26
Anyway无论如何, despite尽管 those perils危险, I would urge敦促 you
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好了,不说那些了,我会建议你们
16:29
to think about the possibility可能性 that you might威力 take on roles角色
284
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去想想你可以承担的角色
16:32
in your own拥有 work, whether是否 they are neighboring邻接
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在你自己的领域,不管是靠近
16:34
or far-flung遥远 from your professional专业的 definition定义.
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还是远离你的专业定义
16:36
And with that, I thank you very much. (Applause掌声)
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因此,我非常感谢你们.(鼓掌)
16:38
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Yuguo Zhang
Reviewed by Yilun Zhou

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Applebaum - Composer
Mark Applebaum has built an instrument out of doorstops and combs, as well as composed a piece of music to be performed by a florist.

Why you should listen

Don’t ask Mark Applebaum the question, “Is this music?” A composer and performer, he takes great joy in challenging the conventional boundaries of musical ontology. His solo, chamber, choral, orchestral, operatic and electroacoustic work has been performed throughout the world. He is also an accomplished jazz pianist and the founding director of the Stanford Improvisation Collective.

An associate professor of composition at Stanford University, Applebaum received the Walter J. Gores Award for excellence in teaching in 2003. He was also recently named the Hazy Family University Fellow in Undergraduate Education and the Leland & Edith Smith Faculty Scholar.

More profile about the speaker
Mark Applebaum | Speaker | TED.com