ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Melinda Gates - Philanthropist
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value.

Why you should listen

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. As co-chair, Melinda French Gates helps shape and approve strategies, review results, advocate for foundation issues and set the overall direction. In developing countries, the foundation focuses on improving people's health with vaccines and other life-saving tools and giving them a chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to dramatically improve education so that all young people have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.

In recent years, Melinda French Gates has become a vocal advocate for access to contraception, advancing the idea that empowering women to decide whether and when to have children can have transformational effects on societies. In 2012, Gates spearheaded the London Summit on Family Planning, with the goal of delivering contraceptives to 120 million women in developing countries by 2020. When asked why she got involved in this issue, Gates said, "We knew that 210 million women were saying they wanted access to the contraceptives we have here in the United States and we weren't providing them because of political controversy in our country. To me, that was just a crime. I kept looking around trying to find the person to get this back on the global stage. I realized I just had to do it."

 

More profile about the speaker
Melinda Gates | Speaker | TED.com
Bill Gates - Philanthropist
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation.

Why you should listen

Bill Gates is the founder and former CEO of Microsoft. A geek icon, tech visionary and business trailblazer, Gates' leadership -- fueled by his long-held dream that millions might realize their potential through great software -- made Microsoft a personal computing powerhouse and a trendsetter in the Internet dawn. Whether you're a suit, chef, quant, artist, media maven, nurse or gamer, you've probably used a Microsoft product today.

In summer of 2008, Gates left his day-to-day role with Microsoft to focus on philanthropy. Holding that all lives have equal value (no matter where they're being lived), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has now donated staggering sums to HIV/AIDS programs, libraries, agriculture research and disaster relief -- and offered vital guidance and creative funding to programs in global health and education. Gates believes his tech-centric strategy for giving will prove the killer app of planet Earth's next big upgrade.

Read a collection of Bill and Melinda Gates' annual letters, where they take stock of the Gates Foundation and the world. And follow his ongoing thinking on his personal website, The Gates Notes. His new paper, "The Next Epidemic," is published by the New England Journal of Medicine.

More profile about the speaker
Bill Gates | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Bill and Melinda Gates: Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done

比尔·盖茨与梅琳达·盖茨: 捐出我们的财产为什么是我们做过的最有满足感的事情

Filmed:
4,391,792 views

1993年,比尔和梅琳达·盖茨(当时刚刚订婚)在桑给巴尔岛的海滩上散步,他们做出了一个大胆的决定:把从微软赚来的钱回馈社会。在与克里斯·安德森的对话中,比尔夫妇谈到了他们在比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会的工作、他们的婚姻、孩子,以及在捐出财产的过程中,经历的失败和品味到的满足感。
- Philanthropist
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio - Philanthropist
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: So, this is an
interview访问 with a difference区别.
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克里斯·安德森:这次的访谈有些不寻常。
00:17
On the basis基础 that a picture图片
is worth价值 a thousand words,
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一张图片的背后往往是很长的故事,
00:21
what I did was, I asked Bill法案 and Melinda梅琳达
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所以我做的就是,请比尔和梅琳达,
00:24
to dig out from their archive档案
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从他们的收藏中挑选出一些照片,
00:26
some images图片 that would help explain说明
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这些照片不但会解释他们所做的一些事,
00:28
some of what they've他们已经 doneDONE,
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还会给我们一些其他的帮助。
00:29
and do a few少数 things that way.
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那么,我们就从这张开始。
00:32
So, we're going to start开始 here.
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00:36
Melinda梅琳达, when and where was this,
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梅琳达,这张照片拍摄的时间和地点是什么?
00:38
and who is that handsome英俊 man next下一个 to you?
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你身边那个英俊的男人是谁?
00:40
Melinda梅琳达 Gates盖茨: With those big glasses眼镜, huh?
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梅琳达·盖茨:戴着那副大眼镜的?哈?
00:42
This is in Africa非洲, our very first trip,
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这是非洲,我们最开始的第一次旅行,
00:44
the first time either of us had ever been to Africa非洲,
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我们两人都是第一次到非洲,
00:46
in the fall秋季 of 1993.
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1993年秋天。
00:47
We were already已经 engaged订婚 to be married已婚.
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我们已经订婚,
00:49
We married已婚 a few少数 months个月 later后来,
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我们在几个月后结了婚。
00:51
and this was the trip where we really went to see
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正是这次旅行让我们真正看到了那些动物和大草原。
00:53
the animals动物 and to see the savanna稀树草原.
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00:55
It was incredible难以置信. Bill法案 had never taken采取 that much time
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那实在难以置信。比尔从没有那么长的时间没去工作。
00:57
off from work.
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00:59
But what really touched感动 us, actually其实, were the people,
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但真正让我们感动的,还是那里的人和极度贫困的状况。
01:03
and the extreme极端 poverty贫穷.
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我们开始问自己一些问题。
01:06
We started开始 asking ourselves我们自己 questions问题.
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01:07
Does it have to be like this?
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这里非得是这种状况吗?
01:09
And at the end结束 of the trip,
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在旅行结束的时候,
01:10
we went out to Zanzibar桑给巴尔,
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我们去了桑吉巴尔,
01:11
and took some time to walk步行 on the beach海滩,
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花了些时间在海边漫步,
01:13
which哪一个 is something we had doneDONE a lot
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这是我们在约会的时候常常做的。
01:14
while we were dating约会.
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01:16
And we'd星期三 already已经 been talking about during that time
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在那段时间我们已经在谈论,
01:18
that the wealth财富 that had come from Microsoft微软
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从微软得来的财富应该回馈社会,
01:20
would be given特定 back to society社会,
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01:22
but it was really on that beach海滩 walk步行
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但就是在那次海边散步时,我们开始讨论,
01:23
that we started开始 to talk about, well,
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01:25
what might威力 we do and how might威力 we go about it?
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我们可以做些什么?如何去做?
01:28
CACA: So, given特定 that this vacation假期
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克里斯:是这次度假让世界最大的私有基金会得以创建,
01:31
led to the creation创建 of
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01:33
the world's世界 biggest最大 private私人的 foundation基础,
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01:36
it's pretty漂亮 expensive昂贵 as vacations休假 go. (Laughter笑声)
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那这次度假的花费可真够高的。
(笑声)
01:39
MGMG: I guess猜测 so. We enjoyed享受 it.
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梅琳达:我想是吧。但我们觉得很享受。
01:42
CACA: Which哪一个 of you was the key instigator始作俑者 here,
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克里斯:你们俩谁是主要决策者?还是共同决策?
01:45
or was it symmetrical对称?
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01:47
Bill法案 Gates盖茨: Well, I think we were excited兴奋
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比尔·盖茨:我们共同工作、探讨如何把钱回馈社会,
01:50
that there'd这红色 be a phase of our life
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01:51
where we'd星期三 get to work together一起
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生命中能有这么一段经历,对此我还是很激动的。
01:53
and figure数字 out how to give this money back.
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02:00
At this stage阶段, we were talking about the poorest最穷,
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合作的时候,我们谈论着最贫穷的人们,
02:03
and could you have a big impact碰撞 on them?
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你能深刻地影响他们吗?
02:06
Were there things that weren't being存在 doneDONE?
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还有没有没做到的事情?
02:08
There was a lot we didn't know.
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有很多我们是不知道的。
02:09
Our naïvet兽医é is pretty漂亮 incredible难以置信,
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当我们回想起来的时候,真是天真得难以置信。
02:11
when we look back on it.
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02:13
But we had a certain某些 enthusiasm热情
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慈善事业,我的后微软时期应致力于我们的慈善事业,
对此我们确实有热情。
02:14
that that would be the phase,
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02:17
the post-Microsoft后微软 phase
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02:20
would be our philanthropy慈善事业.
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02:22
MGMG: Which哪一个 Bill法案 always thought was going to come
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梅琳达:比尔之前总是想在他六十岁以后加入基金会,
02:24
after he was 60,
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实际上,离六十有一点儿距离,
02:25
so he hasn't有没有 quite相当 hit击中 60 yet然而,
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02:27
so some things change更改 along沿 the way.
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所以,有些想法是会改变的。
02:30
CACA: So it started开始 there, but it got accelerated加速.
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克里斯:那么,基金会创立后,得到了飞速发展。
02:33
So that was '93, and it was '97, really,
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那是93年,然后是97年,真的,
02:35
before the foundation基础 itself本身 started开始.
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在基金会开始之前。
02:37
MA: Yeah, in '97, we read an article文章
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梅琳达:是的,在97 年,我们读到一篇文章,
02:39
about diarrheal腹泻 diseases疾病 killing谋杀
so many许多 kids孩子 around the world世界,
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文章是关于全球范围内,腹泻病导致如此多的孩子死亡,
02:43
and we kept不停 saying to ourselves我们自己,
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我们一直对自己说,
02:44
"Well that can't be.
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“那不可能。
02:46
In the U.S., you just go down to the drug药物 store商店."
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在美国,你只要去药店就行了。”
02:47
And so we started开始 gathering搜集 scientists科学家们
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于是我们开始召集科学家们,
02:49
and started开始 learning学习 about population人口,
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开始学习人口分布、疫苗,
02:52
learning学习 about vaccines疫苗,
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02:53
learning学习 about what had worked工作 and what had failed失败,
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了解了什么取得过成效、什么失败了,
02:56
and that's really when we got going,
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那时才是我们真正开始慈善事业,
02:58
was in late晚了 1998, 1999.
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是在1998年后期,1999年。
03:02
CACA: So, you've got a big pot of money
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克里斯:那么,你们手握大笔资金,
03:05
and a world世界 full充分 of so many许多 different不同 issues问题.
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面对一个充满了各种问题的世界。
03:07
How on Earth地球 do you decide决定 what to focus焦点 on?
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你们到底是怎样决定专注于哪方面的慈善事业呢?
03:11
BGBG: Well, we decided决定 that we'd星期三 pick two causes原因,
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比尔:我们决定要专注于两方面,
03:14
whatever随你 the biggest最大 inequity不公平 was globally全球,
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无论全球是如何地不平等,
03:17
and there we looked看着 at children孩子 dying垂死,
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我们看到了儿童死亡的问题,
03:19
children孩子 not having enough足够 nutrition营养 to ever develop发展,
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没有足够的营养供儿童活下来,
03:22
and countries国家 that were really stuck卡住,
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因此,那些陷入这种困境的国家,
03:23
because with that level水平 of death死亡,
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因为有一定的儿童死亡率,
03:25
and parents父母 would have so many许多 kids孩子
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父母就会生非常多的孩子,
03:27
that they'd他们会 get huge巨大 population人口 growth发展,
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这些国家的人口便会巨幅增长,
03:29
and that the kids孩子 were so sick生病
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那些孩子病得很厉害,
03:32
that they really couldn't不能 be educated博学
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根本不可能受到教育,也不会养活自己。
03:35
and lift电梯 themselves他们自己 up.
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因此,这是全球范围内(我们关注的慈善事业)。
03:37
So that was our global全球 thing,
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03:38
and then in the U.S.,
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而在美国,
03:40
both of us have had amazing惊人 educations的教育,
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我们两人都受过了不起的教育,
03:43
and we saw that as the way that the U.S.
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我们知道,美国要实现平等教育的诺言,
03:46
could live生活 up to its promise诺言 of equal等于 opportunity机会
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03:49
is by having a phenomenal非凡的 education教育 system系统,
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需通过建立非凡的教育体系。
03:52
and the more we learned学到了, the more we realized实现
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我们知道得越多,我们越意识到美国并没有在实现诺言。
03:54
we're not really fulfilling履行 that promise诺言.
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03:57
And so we picked采摘的 those two things,
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于是我们选择了这两方面,
03:59
and everything the foundation基础 does
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基金会做的每一件事都专注在这两方面。
04:00
is focused重点 there.
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04:03
CACA: So, I asked each of you to pick an image图片
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克里斯:我之前请你们每个人挑出一张
04:06
that you like that illustrates说明 your work,
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用来说明你的工作的图片,
04:08
and Melinda梅琳达, this is what you picked采摘的.
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梅琳达,这是你选择的图片,
04:11
What's this about?
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这是关于什么的呢?
04:13
MGMG: So I, one of the things I love to do when I travel旅行
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梅琳达:我,当我旅行的时候,
04:16
is to go out to the rural乡村 areas and talk to the women妇女,
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我喜欢做的事情之一是到边远的地方跟女人们聊天,
04:19
whether是否 it's Bangladesh孟加拉国, India印度,
lots of countries国家 in Africa非洲,
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无论是在孟加拉国、印度、非洲的许多国家,
04:21
and I go in as a Western西 woman女人 without a name名称.
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我以一个匿名的西方女子跟她们来往。
04:24
I don't tell them who I am. Pair of khakis卡其裤.
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我不说自己是谁,我穿着卡其裤。
04:27
And I kept不停 hearing听力 from women妇女,
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我旅行地越多,(我越)一直听到她们
一遍一遍又一遍地(说同一句话),
04:29
over and over and over, the more I traveled旅行,
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04:32
"I want to be able能够 to use this shot射击."
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“我想能够使用这个针剂。“
04:34
I would be there to talk to them
about childhood童年 vaccines疫苗,
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我本想去那跟她们说儿童疫苗的事,
04:37
and they would bring带来 the conversation会话 around to
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而她们会把谈话引到“我要得到的针剂呢?”
04:39
"But what about the shot射击 I get?"
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04:41
which哪一个 is an injection注射 they were
getting得到 called Depo-Provera醋甲孕酮,
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她们提到的针剂叫做避孕针(Depo-Provera)
04:43
which哪一个 is a contraceptive避孕的.
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起到避孕的作用。
04:45
And I would come back and
talk to global全球 health健康 experts专家,
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我回来后,跟全球的健康专家谈话,
04:48
and they'd他们会 say, "Oh no, contraceptives避孕药
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他们说,“喔,不,避孕药在发展中国家储备充分。”
04:49
are stocked库存 in in the developing发展 world世界."
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好吧,你必须在报告里挖掘得更深一些,
04:52
Well, you had to dig deeper更深 into the reports报告,
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04:54
and this is what the team球队 came来了 to me with,
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这是那个专家小组给我的结论,
04:55
which哪一个 is, to have the number one thing
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数据表明,她们最想用的东西在一年中有200多天缺货,
04:58
that women妇女 tell you in Africa非洲 they want to use
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05:01
stocked库存 out more than 200 days a year
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这就解释了她们为何会这样对我说,
05:03
explains说明 why women妇女 were saying to me,
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05:05
"I walked 10 kilometers公里 without
my husband丈夫 knowing会心 it,
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“我瞒着我丈夫,走了10千米,
05:09
and I got to the clinic诊所, and there was nothing there."
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我走到诊所,那儿什么都没有了。”
05:12
And so condoms避孕套 were stocked库存 in in Africa非洲
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因为美国和其他国家对艾滋病的(研究、宣传等)工作,
05:15
because of all the AIDS艾滋病 work that the U.S.
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05:17
and others其他 supported支持的.
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在非洲,避孕套是有库存的。
05:19
But women妇女 will tell you over and over again,
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但她们会一遍一遍地告诉你,
05:20
"I can't negotiate谈判 a condom避孕套 with my husband丈夫.
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“我不能就避孕套问题跟我丈夫讨价还价。
05:23
I'm either suggesting提示 he has AIDS艾滋病 or I have AIDS艾滋病,
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(让他带避孕套)要么暗示他,要么暗示我有艾滋病,
05:27
and I need that tool工具 because then I can space空间
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因此我需要工具(来避孕),
让孩子们出生的间隔长一些,
05:30
the births出生 of my children孩子, and I can feed饲料 them
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这样我就能养育他们,还有机会教育他们。”
05:32
and have a chance机会 of educating教育 them."
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05:35
CACA: Melinda梅琳达, you're Roman罗马 Catholic天主教徒,
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克里斯:梅琳达,你是罗马天主教徒,
05:37
and you've often经常 been embroiled卷入
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就此问题你常被卷入争议中,
05:40
in controversy争议 over this issue问题,
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05:42
and on the abortion流产 question,
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还有流产的问题,这两方面,真的。
05:45
on both sides双方, really.
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05:46
How do you navigate导航 that?
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你是如何应对的呢?
05:48
MGMG: Yeah, so I think that's a really important重要 point,
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梅琳达:确实,我想这确实是个重要的问题,
05:51
which哪一个 is, we had backed已备份 away from contraceptives避孕药
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我们全球的大家庭,在避孕方面退步了。
05:54
as a global全球 community社区.
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05:55
We knew知道 that 210 million百万 women妇女
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我们知道有2.1亿名妇女在说她们想要得到避孕工具,
05:58
were saying they wanted access访问 to contraceptives避孕药,
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06:01
even the contraceptives避孕药 we have
here in the United联合的 States状态,
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即使在美国,(有些情况下)因为政治上的争议,
我们并没有给女们提供避孕用品,
06:03
and we weren't providing提供 them
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06:06
because of the political政治 controversy争议 in our country国家,
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对我来说那是一宗犯罪,
06:09
and to me that was just a crime犯罪,
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06:12
and I kept不停 looking around trying to find the person
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我一直在找寻一个能把此事上升到全球高度去推进的人,
06:14
that would get this back on the global全球 stage阶段,
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06:17
and I finally最后 realized实现 I just had to do it.
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最后我意识到,这个人就是我,我必须要这么做。
06:19
And even though虽然 I'm Catholic天主教徒,
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即使我是一个天主教徒,
06:20
I believe in contraceptives避孕药
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我相信避孕用品(是可以使用的),
06:22
just like most of the Catholic天主教徒
women妇女 in the United联合的 States状态
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就像在美国的声称在用避孕用品的大多数天主教妇女,
06:24
who report报告 using运用 contraceptives避孕药,
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06:26
and I shouldn't不能 let that controversy争议
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我不应该让那些争议成为阻止我们的理由。
06:28
be the thing that holds持有 us back.
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06:30
We used to have consensus共识 in the United联合的 States状态
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在美国,我们曾经就避孕问题达成一致,
06:32
around contraceptives避孕药,
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06:33
and so we got back to that global全球 consensus共识,
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于是我们力图让全球达成一致,
06:36
and actually其实 raised上调 2.6 billion十亿 dollars美元
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事实上我们就这个问题筹集到26亿美元。
06:38
around exactly究竟 this issue问题 for women妇女.
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06:41
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
06:49
CACA: Bill法案, this is your graph图形. What's this about?
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克里斯:比尔,这是你的图表。这个图说明了什么?
06:53
BGBG: Well, my graph图形 has numbers数字 on it.
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比尔:我的图表上面有数字。
06:55
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:57
I really like this graph图形.
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我很喜欢这个图表。
06:59
This is the number of children孩子
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图表上的数字是每年在五岁前死去的孩子的数目,
07:02
who die before the age年龄 of five every一切 year.
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07:04
And what you find is really
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你会发现,这真的是一个极为成功的故事,
07:06
a phenomenal非凡的 success成功 story故事
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07:08
which哪一个 is not widely广泛 known已知,
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而它并不广为人知,
我们有着难以置信的进展。
07:10
that we are making制造 incredible难以置信 progress进展.
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07:13
We go from 20 million百万
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在我出生后不久的年份,这个数字是2000万,
07:15
not long after I was born天生
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07:17
to now we're down to about six million百万.
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如今下降到约600万。
07:21
So this is a story故事
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这主要是一个疫苗的故事。
07:23
largely大部分 of vaccines疫苗.
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07:24
Smallpox天花 was killing谋杀 a couple一对 million百万 kids孩子 a year.
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天花曾每年杀死几百万个孩子。
07:28
That was eradicated根除, so that got down to zero.
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天花已被根除了,所以这个数字降到了零。
07:30
Measles麻疹 was killing谋杀 a couple一对 million百万 a year.
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麻疹曾每年杀死几百万人。
07:32
That's down to a few少数 hundred thousand.
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现在下降到几十万人。
07:33
Anyway无论如何, this is a chart图表
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总之,这张图上,你希望数字下降的趋势会持续,
07:35
where you want to get that number to continue继续,
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07:39
and it's going to be possible可能,
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利用新的疫苗,让孩子接种疫苗,这个愿望可以实现。
07:41
using运用 the science科学 of new vaccines疫苗,
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07:43
getting得到 the vaccines疫苗 out to kids孩子.
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07:45
We can actually其实 accelerate加速 the progress进展.
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事实上,我们可以加快这个进程。
07:46
The last decade,
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过去十年,
07:48
that number has dropped下降 faster更快
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这个数字下降的速度是前所未有的,
07:50
than ever in history历史,
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07:52
and so I just love the fact事实 that
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因此,我很喜欢这个事实,
07:55
you can say, okay, if we can invent发明 new vaccines疫苗,
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你可以说,行,如果我们可以发明新的疫苗,
07:57
we can get them out there,
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我们能够实现愿望,
07:59
use the very latest最新 understanding理解 of these things,
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利用疫苗最新的研究成果,
08:01
and get the delivery交货 right, that
we can perform演出 a miracle奇迹.
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确保疫苗有效的配送,这样我们就能创造奇迹。
08:06
CACA: I mean, you do the math数学 on this,
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克里斯:我说,你在这上面做了计算,
08:07
and it works作品 out, I think, literally按照字面
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它确实有了成果,我想,从报告上看来,
08:09
to thousands数千 of kids'孩子们 lives生活 saved保存 every一切 day
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跟前一年相比,每天都有几千个孩子得以拯救。
08:11
compared相比 to the prior year.
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08:13
It's not reported报道.
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这个事实没有被报告过。
08:15
An airliner客机 with 200-plus-加 deaths死亡
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200多人丧生的飞机失事都是更大的新闻。
08:18
is a far, far bigger story故事 than that.
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08:20
Does that drive驾驶 you crazy?
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为此你会抓狂吗?
08:22
BGBG: Yeah, because it's a silent无声 thing going on.
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比尔:是的,因为拯救儿童的慈善活动一直低调。
08:25
It's a kid孩子, one kid孩子 at a time.
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这是孩子啊,一次一个,
08:27
Ninety-eight九八 percent百分 of this
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夺去孩子生命的,有98%无关乎自然灾害。
08:29
has nothing to do with natural自然 disasters灾害,
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然而,当遇到自然灾害时,人们会变得尤为慷慨。
08:31
and yet然而, people's人们 charity慈善机构,
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08:32
when they see a natural自然 disaster灾害, are wonderful精彩.
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08:34
It's incredible难以置信 how people think, okay,
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人们的想法——好吧,或许包括我——和慈善基金的流向
真是让人摸不着头脑。
08:36
that could be me, and the money flows流动.
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这些原因或多或少地不为人知。
08:39
These causes原因 have been a bit invisible无形.
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08:42
Now that the Millennium千年 Development发展 Goals目标
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现在如“千年发展目标”等各样的行动在进展,
08:44
and various各个 things are getting得到 out there,
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08:46
we are seeing眼看 some increased增加 generosity慷慨,
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我们看到越来越多的慷慨的举措,
08:49
so the goal目标 is to get this well below下面 a million百万,
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所以我们的目标是让这个数字降到100万以内,
08:52
which哪一个 should be possible可能 in our lifetime一生.
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在我们有生之年是可以实现的。
08:54
CACA: Maybe it needed需要 someone有人
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克里斯:需要加入到这个行动中来的,
08:56
who is turned转身 on by numbers数字 and graphs
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或许得是一个能为数字和图表所打动的人,
08:58
rather than just the big, sad伤心 face面对
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而不是徒有一张忧国忧民的脸的人。
09:00
to get engaged订婚.
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09:02
I mean, you've used it in your letter this year,
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我的意思是,今年你已经把它用在了你的公开声明中,
09:04
you used basically基本上 this argument论据 to say that aid援助,
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你用这个论断来表明,
09:07
contrary相反 to the current当前 meme米姆
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与认为救助是无价值且无效的现代观念相反,
09:09
that aid援助 is kind of worthless无用 and broken破碎,
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救助的确是有效的。
09:12
that actually其实 it has been effective有效.
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09:14
BGBG: Yeah, well people can take,
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比尔:是的,人们可以理解,
09:16
there is some aid援助 that was well-meaning善意
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有些用心良苦的救助没有善终,
09:19
and didn't go well.
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09:21
There's some venture冒险 capital首都 investments投资
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有些用心良苦的风险投资进展不顺,
09:23
that were well-meaning善意 and didn't go well.
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你不该就此断言,好吧,因为此,
09:26
You shouldn't不能 just say, okay, because of that,
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09:28
because we don't have a perfect完善 record记录,
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因为之前的努力都没好结果,
09:32
this is a bad endeavor努力.
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救助就是一个得不偿失的努力。
09:33
You should look at, what was your goal目标?
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你的关注点应是,目标是什么?
09:35
How are you trying to uplift抬起 nutrition营养
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你怎样努力来提升孩子的营养水平、存活率和读写能力,
09:38
and survival生存 and literacy读写能力
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09:41
so these countries国家 can take care关心 of themselves他们自己,
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来让这些国家自己解决问题,
09:43
and say wow, this is going well,
242
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你会说,哇,这样进展下去不错,
09:45
and be smarter聪明.
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要变得更聪明一些。
09:46
We can spend aid援助 smarter聪明.
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我们可以明智地进行救助。
09:48
It is not all a panacea万能药.
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这不全是灵丹妙药,
09:51
We can do better than venture冒险 capital首都, I think,
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我想,我们可以比风险投资做得更好,
09:54
including包含 big hits点击 like this.
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包括像这样的重要的举措。
09:57
CACA: Traditional传统 wisdom智慧 is that
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克里斯:传统观念认为夫妇一起很难工作。
10:00
it's pretty漂亮 hard for married已婚 couples情侣 to work together一起.
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你们是如何做到的?
10:04
How have you guys managed管理 it?
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10:05
MGMG: Yeah, I've had a lot of women妇女 say to me,
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梅琳达:是的,有很多女人对我说,
10:07
"I really don't think I could work with my husband丈夫.
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“我真觉得我没法儿跟我丈夫一起工作,
10:09
That just wouldn't不会 work out."
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在一起就是不行。”
10:11
You know, we enjoy请享用 it, and we don't --
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你知道,我们很享受一起工作,并且我们不......
10:15
this foundation基础 has been a coming未来 to for both of us
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我和比尔共同见证了这个基金会不断发展、壮大,
10:17
in its continuous连续 learning学习 journey旅程,
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事实上,我们为基金会一同出差的次数
并没有比尔还在微软工作时的多,
10:20
and we don't travel旅行 together一起 as much
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10:23
for the foundation基础, actually其实, as we used to
258
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10:25
when Bill法案 was working加工 at Microsoft微软.
259
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10:26
We have more trips旅行 where
we're traveling旅行 separately分别,
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我们更多的时候是分开奔波的,
10:28
but I always know when I come home,
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但我总是知道当我回家的时候,
10:30
Bill's比尔 going to be interested有兴趣 in what I learned学到了,
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比尔会对我所学到的东西感兴趣,
10:32
whether是否 it's about women妇女 or girls女孩
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不管是关于女人还是女孩子们,
10:34
or something new about the vaccine疫苗 delivery交货 chain,
264
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2686
或是疫苗供应链的新闻,
10:37
or this person that is a great leader领导.
265
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或是某个杰出的领导。
10:39
He's going to listen and be really interested有兴趣.
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他会听我讲述,会真的很感兴趣。
10:42
And he knows知道 when he comes home,
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1603
并且他知道当他回家的时候,
10:43
even if it's to talk about the speech言语 he did
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即使是谈论他做过的演讲,
10:45
or the data数据 or what he's learned学到了,
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或谈论些他了解的数据之类的东西,
10:47
I'm really interested有兴趣,
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我也会很感兴趣,
10:48
and I think we have a really
collaborative共同 relationship关系.
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我想我们有着真正互助合作的关系。
10:51
But we don't every一切 minute分钟 together一起, that's for sure.
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但是我们不会每分钟都在一起,那是肯定的。
(笑声)
10:54
(Laughter笑声)
273
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10:58
CACA: But now you are, and we're very happy快乐 that you are.
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克里斯:但现在你们是在一起的,对此我们都很高兴。
11:00
Melinda梅琳达, early on, you were basically基本上
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梅琳达,早些时候,台前幕后基本上由你来掌控,
11:04
largely大部分 running赛跑 the show显示.
276
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我猜,是六年前,
11:06
Six years年份 ago, I guess猜测,
277
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1212
11:07
Bill法案 came来了 on full充分 time, so moved移动 from Microsoft微软
278
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2583
比尔才变成全职的,他从微软过来,全职在基金会工作。
11:10
and became成为 full充分 time.
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1111
11:11
That must必须 have been hard,
280
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979
适应这个改变肯定很不容易。不是吗?
11:12
adjusting调整 to that. No?
281
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2036
11:14
MGMG: Yeah. I think actually其实,
282
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3054
梅琳达:是啊,事实上,我想,
11:17
for the foundation基础 employees雇员,
283
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1989
对于比尔的到来,基金会的雇员们会有更多的担忧,
11:19
there was way more angst焦虑 for them
284
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2547
11:21
than there was for me about Bill法案 coming未来.
285
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1366
要远比我的担忧多。
11:23
I was actually其实 really excited兴奋.
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1206
我其实很兴奋。
11:24
I mean, Bill法案 made制作 this decision决定
287
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1619
我是说,比尔在2006年宣布此项决定之前就下决心了,
11:26
even obviously明显 before it got announced公布 in 2006,
288
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2683
而且,这的确是他的决定,
11:28
and it was really his decision决定,
289
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1702
11:30
but again, it was a beach海滩 vacation假期
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1886
但还是要强调,那是在海滩度假时,
11:32
where we were walking步行 on the beach海滩
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1304
当我俩在海边漫步时,
11:33
and he was starting开始 to think of this idea理念.
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他才开始有这个想法。
11:35
And for me, the excitement激动 of Bill法案
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对我来说,这种兴奋,
11:38
putting his brain and his heart
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比尔将他的智慧和心血浇灌在
这些世界性的难题和不平等问题,
11:41
against反对 these huge巨大 global全球 problems问题,
295
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2347
11:43
these inequities不公平, to me that was exciting扣人心弦.
296
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对于我来说,确实感到激动。
11:45
Yes, the foundation基础 employees雇员 had angst焦虑 about that.
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是的,基金会的雇员们对此是担心的。
11:49
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
11:51
CACA: That's cool.
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克里斯:这很酷。
11:53
MGMG: But that went away within three months个月,
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701235
1684
梅琳达:但那种担心在他加入我们三个月后就消失了。
11:55
once一旦 he was there.
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927
比尔:包括一些雇员(也消失了)。
11:56
BGBG: Including包含 some of the employees雇员.
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1665
11:57
MGMG: That's what I said, the employees雇员,
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1273
梅琳达:那就是我说的,雇员们,
11:58
it went away for them three
months个月 after you were there.
304
706784
2122
你去了三个月以后,
那种担心就消失了。
12:01
BGBG: No, I'm kidding开玩笑.
MGMG: Oh, you mean, the employees雇员 didn't go away.
305
708906
2320
比尔:不,我是开玩笑的。
梅琳达:哦,你是说,雇员们没有离开。
12:03
BGBG: A few少数 of them did, but —
306
711226
1901
比尔:有几个走了,但是——
12:05
(Laughter笑声)
307
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1833
(笑声)
12:07
CACA: So what do you guys argue争论 about?
308
714960
1943
克里斯:你们会谈论什么呢?
12:09
Sunday星期日, 11 o'clock,
309
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2657
比如周日,11点钟,
12:11
you're away from work,
310
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1421
你们没在工作,
12:13
what comes up? What's the argument论据?
311
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2513
会发生什么?会讨论些什么?
12:15
BGBG: Because we built内置 this thing
312
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1645
比尔:因为我们从一开始就一起建立这个基金会,
12:17
together一起 from the beginning开始,
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3119
这是很棒的合作关系。
12:20
it's this great partnership合伙.
314
728258
1646
12:22
I had that with Paul保罗 Allen艾伦
315
729904
1854
在微软的早期,我跟保罗·艾伦也是如此。
12:23
in the early days of Microsoft微软.
316
731758
1911
12:25
I had it with Steve史蒂夫 Ballmer鲍尔默 as Microsoft微软 got bigger,
317
733669
2812
在微软扩张的时候,我跟史蒂夫·鲍尔默也是如此。
12:28
and now Melinda梅琳达, and in even stronger,
318
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3004
现在是跟梅琳达,我们甚至是更好的合作伙伴,
12:31
equal等于 ways方法, is the partner伙伴,
319
739485
1886
12:33
so we talk a lot about
320
741371
1757
我们会谈论些,比如,哪件事我们需要投入更多,
12:35
which哪一个 things should we give more to,
321
743128
2128
12:37
which哪一个 groups are working加工 well?
322
745256
2544
那个团队做得比较好?
12:40
She's got a lot of insight眼光.
323
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1253
她很有洞察力,
12:41
She'll贝壳 sit down with the employees雇员 a lot.
324
749053
1647
她会经常坐下来跟雇员们沟通。
12:42
We'll take the different不同 trips旅行 she described描述.
325
750700
2116
像她描述的那样,我们会去不同的地方出差。
12:45
So there's a lot of collaboration合作.
326
752816
3617
因此,我们会有很多合作。
12:48
I can't think of anything where one of us
327
756433
1976
我想不出哪怕一件事,
我或她会对某个问题有很执拗的意见。
12:50
had a super strong强大 opinion意见
328
758409
3270
12:53
about one thing or another另一个?
329
761679
1836
12:55
CACA: How about you, Melinda梅琳达,
though虽然? Can you? (Laughter笑声)
330
763515
2802
克里斯:你觉得呢?梅琳达,你能分享一些吗?(笑声)
12:58
You never know.
331
766317
1216
这可说不好。
12:59
MGMG: Well, here's这里的 the thing.
332
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1526
梅琳达:是这样的。
13:01
We come at things from different不同 angles,
333
769059
1739
我们从不同的角度来看问题,
13:02
and I actually其实 think that's really good.
334
770798
1932
事实上我认为这是非常好的。
13:04
So Bill法案 can look at the big data数据
335
772730
2008
比尔会关注大数据,说:
13:06
and say, "I want to act法案 based基于
on these global全球 statistics统计."
336
774738
3012
“我想基于这些全球性的数据来行动。”
13:09
For me, I come at it from intuition直觉.
337
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1866
我呢,我会用直觉来看问题,
13:11
I meet遇到 with lots of people on the ground地面
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779616
1933
我实地探访了很多人,
13:13
and Bill's比尔 taught me to take that
339
781549
1980
比尔教给我的是,要把我的直觉跟全球性的数据作比较,
13:15
and read up to the global全球 data数据 and see if they match比赛,
340
783529
2623
看看是不是吻合,
13:18
and I think what I've taught him
341
786152
1089
而我认为我教给他的是,
13:19
is to take that data数据
342
787241
1428
凭着数据,亲身去跟人们交流,去理解,
13:20
and meet遇到 with people on the ground地面 to understand理解,
343
788669
1614
13:22
can you actually其实 deliver交付 that vaccine疫苗?
344
790283
2384
那种疫苗的供应流程可行吗?
13:24
Can you get a woman女人 to accept接受 those polio脊髓灰质炎 drops滴剂
345
792667
3201
你能让一个女人接受喂孩子小儿麻痹症药剂吗?
13:28
in her child's孩子的 mouth?
346
795868
1330
13:29
Because the delivery交货 piece
347
797198
1558
因为药品的供应跟科学研究同等重要。
13:30
is every一切 bit as important重要 as the science科学.
348
798756
2203
13:33
So I think it's been more a coming未来 to over time
349
800959
2522
因此,我认为,逐渐地,
13:35
towards each other's其他 point of view视图,
350
803481
1295
彼此的观点会靠近对方的观点,
13:36
and quite相当 frankly坦率地说, the work is better because of it.
351
804776
3270
很坦率地讲,我们的工作因此而更加出色了。
13:40
CACA: So, in vaccines疫苗 and polio脊髓灰质炎 and so forth向前,
352
808046
2273
克里斯:那么,在疫苗和小儿麻痹症等方面,
13:42
you've had some amazing惊人 successes成功.
353
810319
3799
你们已取得了不可思议的成就。
13:46
What about failure失败, though虽然?
354
814118
1232
但是,失败呢?
13:47
Can you talk about a failure失败
355
815350
1691
你们能否谈一次失败的经历,
13:49
and maybe what you've learned学到了 from it?
356
817041
2096
或许,进一步谈谈从中学到了什么?
13:51
BGBG: Yeah. Fortunately幸好, we can afford给予 a few少数 failures故障,
357
819137
2568
比尔:是的,幸运的是,我们能提供一些失败的经历,
13:53
because we've我们已经 certainly当然 had them.
358
821705
2137
因为我们确实有这样的故事。
13:56
We do a lot of drug药物 work or vaccine疫苗 work
359
823842
4374
有很多药品和疫苗的工作,明摆着要经历多次失败。
14:00
that you know you're going to have different不同 failures故障.
360
828216
3276
14:03
Like, we put out, one that got a lot of publicity公开
361
831492
2227
比如有一个广受公众关注的例子,
14:05
was asking for a better condom避孕套.
362
833719
1301
是需要更高质量的避孕套的例子,
14:07
Well, we got hundreds数以百计 of ideas思路.
363
835020
1494
我们有无数个想法。
14:08
Maybe a few少数 of those will work out.
364
836514
3194
也许只有几个能成功。
14:11
We were very naïve已经, certainly当然 I was, about a drug药物
365
839708
3379
我们非常天真,我肯定是太天真,
14:15
for a disease疾病 in India印度, visceral内脏 leishmaniasis利什曼病,
366
843087
2616
关于治疗在印度的名为内脏利什曼病的药物,
14:17
that I thought, once一旦 I got this drug药物,
367
845703
1651
我以为,一旦我们有了这个药物,
14:19
we can just go wipe擦拭 out the disease疾病.
368
847354
1356
我们就可以消灭这个疾病。
14:20
Well, turns out it took an injection注射
369
848710
2580
但发现患者需要每天注射针剂,连续十天。
14:23
every一切 day for 10 days.
370
851290
1636
这项计划要比预期的多消耗了三年时间,
14:25
It took three more years年份 to get it than we expected预期,
371
852926
2387
14:27
and then there was no way
372
855313
1458
但还没有办法实现目标。
14:28
it was going to get out there.
373
856771
2368
14:31
Fortunately幸好, we found发现 out
374
859139
1219
幸运的是,我们发现如果杀死沙蝇,
14:32
that if you go kill the sand flies苍蝇,
375
860358
3162
就很有可能会成功,
14:35
you probably大概 can have success成功 there,
376
863520
2122
14:37
but we spent花费 five years年份,
377
865642
1855
但我们花了五年时间,
14:39
you could say wasted浪费 five years年份,
378
867497
1378
可以说是浪费了五年,
14:41
and about 60 million百万,
379
868875
2007
并且浪费了约6000万美元,
14:43
on a path路径 that turned转身 out to have
380
870882
1340
在我们实现目标后,发现取得的成效平平。
14:44
very modest谦虚 benefit效益 when we got there.
381
872222
4165
14:48
CACA: You're spending开支, like, a billion十亿 dollars美元 a year
382
876387
3444
克里斯:你们在教育方面差不多每年投入10亿美金,
14:52
in education教育, I think, something like that.
383
879831
1935
我想,差不多是这个数目,
14:53
Is anything, the story故事 of what's gone走了 right there
384
881766
4024
有没有这样的故事,历时经久而且绕了些圈子?
14:57
is quite相当 a long and complex复杂 one.
385
885790
2456
15:00
Are there any failures故障 that you can talk about?
386
888246
3922
有没有可供你们分享的失败的经历?
15:04
MGMG: Well, I would say a huge巨大 lesson for us
387
892168
1790
梅琳达:好吧,我要讲讲我们的一次巨大的教训。
15:06
out of the early work is we thought
388
893958
1248
早期的时候,我们觉得这些小规模学校是出路,
15:07
that these small schools学校 were the answer回答,
389
895206
2533
15:09
and small schools学校 definitely无疑 help.
390
897739
1470
小规模的学校的确有帮助。
15:11
They bring带来 down the dropout退出 rate.
391
899209
1524
它们降低了缀学率,
15:12
They have less violence暴力 and crime犯罪 in those schools学校.
392
900733
2600
这些学校里,暴力和犯罪率更低。
15:15
But the thing that we learned学到了 from that work,
393
903333
2146
但我们从这项工作里学到的是,
15:17
and what turned转身 out to be the fundamental基本的 key,
394
905479
2534
教室讲台上伟大的老师是关键所在,
15:20
is a great teacher老师 in front面前 of the classroom课堂.
395
908013
2064
15:22
If you don't have an effective有效 teacher老师
396
910077
1607
如果教室讲台上没有一位杰出的老师,
15:23
in the front面前 of the classroom课堂,
397
911684
1066
15:24
I don't care关心 how big or small the building建造 is,
398
912750
2156
我不会在乎教学楼是高还是矮,
15:27
you're not going to change更改 the trajectory弹道
399
914906
1654
都不会改变学生成长的轨迹,
15:28
of whether是否 that student学生 will be ready准备 for college学院.
400
916560
1953
不会改变孩子是否会考上大学。
15:30
(Applause掌声)
401
918513
4595
(掌声)
15:35
CACA: So Melinda梅琳达, this is you and
402
923108
2310
克里斯:梅琳达,这是你和你最大的女儿,简。
15:37
your eldest最年长 daughter女儿, Jenn.
403
925418
3554
就在三个星期前照的,我想,
15:41
And just taken采取 about three weeks ago, I think,
404
928972
1899
15:43
three or four weeks ago. Where was this?
405
930871
1584
是三到四周以前。这是哪里?
15:44
MGMG: So we went to Tanzania坦桑尼亚.
406
932455
1756
梅琳达:我们去了坦桑尼亚。
15:46
Jenn's爵的 been to Tanzania坦桑尼亚.
407
934211
842
简去过坦桑尼亚。
15:47
All our kids孩子 have been to Africa非洲 quite相当 a bit, actually其实.
408
935053
2703
事实上我们所有的孩子都去过非洲好几次,
15:49
And we did something very different不同,
409
937756
2215
我们做了一些不同寻常的事情,
15:52
which哪一个 is, we decided决定 to go spend
410
939971
1827
那就是我们决定与当地一家共度三个白天两个夜晚。
15:53
two nights and three days with a family家庭.
411
941798
2419
15:56
Anna安娜 and Sanare萨纳雷 are the parents父母.
412
944217
3101
安娜和思奈尔是父母。
15:59
They invited邀请 us to come and stay in their boma博马.
413
947318
3034
他们邀请我们住在他们的家里。
16:02
Actually其实, the goats山羊 had been there, I think,
414
950352
1499
事实上,我想,在我们去之前,
16:04
living活的 in that particular特定 little hut棚屋
415
951851
1399
山羊在他们小小的院落里一个特别小的棚屋里住过。
16:05
on their little compound复合 before we got there.
416
953250
2671
16:08
And we stayed with their family家庭,
417
955921
1498
我们跟他们一家住在一起,
16:09
and we really, really learned学到了
418
957419
1934
我们真正知道了在坦桑尼亚的农村,生活是什么样子。
16:11
what life is like in rural乡村 Tanzania坦桑尼亚.
419
959353
1853
16:13
And the difference区别 between之间 just going
420
961206
1614
到那儿只访问半天或大半天,
跟在那儿住一夜的差别是巨大的,
16:15
and visiting访问 for half a day
421
962820
1719
16:16
or three quarters住处 of a day
422
964539
1462
16:18
versus staying overnight过夜 was profound深刻,
423
966001
2398
16:20
and so let me just give you one explanation说明 of that.
424
968399
3491
我来给你作个解释。
16:24
They had six children孩子, and as I talked to Anna安娜
425
971890
2129
他们有六个孩子,当我跟安娜在厨房里聊天,
16:26
in the kitchen厨房, we cooked for about five hours小时
426
974019
1775
我们那天在棚屋里花了五个小时煮饭,
16:27
in the cooking烹饪 hut棚屋 that day,
427
975794
1643
16:29
and as I talked to her, she had absolutely绝对 planned计划
428
977437
1811
当我跟她谈话的时候,她已经跟丈夫完全计划好了,
16:31
and spaced间隔 with her husband丈夫
429
979248
1470
让孩子出生的间隔大一些,
16:32
the births出生 of their children孩子.
430
980718
1437
16:34
It was a very loving爱心 relationship关系.
431
982155
1655
他们是很相爱的夫妻。
16:36
This was a Maasai马赛 warrior战士 and his wife妻子,
432
983810
2303
这是马赛战士和她的妻子,
16:38
but they had decided决定 to get married已婚,
433
986113
1909
他们已经决定结婚了。
16:40
they clearly明确地 had respect尊重 and love in the relationship关系.
434
988022
3335
很明显,他们互相尊敬并且相爱。
16:43
Their children孩子, their six children孩子,
435
991357
1611
他们的孩子,他们的六个孩子,
16:45
the two in the middle中间 were twins双胞胎, 13,
436
992968
2519
中间的两个是双生子,13岁,
16:47
a boy男孩, and a girl女孩 named命名 Grace恩典.
437
995487
2253
一个男孩,还一个女孩叫格雷斯。
16:49
And when we'd星期三 go out to chop wood
438
997740
1573
我们会出去砍木头,
16:51
and do all the things that Grace恩典
and her mother母亲 would do,
439
999313
2435
做格雷斯和她母亲所做的一切,
16:53
Grace恩典 was not a child儿童, she was an adolescent青少年,
440
1001748
2592
格雷斯已不再是个孩子了,已经成为青少年,
16:56
but she wasn't an adult成人.
441
1004340
1477
但还没成年。
16:58
She was very, very shy害羞.
442
1005817
1751
她非常非常地害羞。
16:59
So she kept不停 wanting希望 to talk to me and Jenn.
443
1007568
1761
她一直想跟我和简说话。
17:01
We kept不停 trying to engage从事 her, but she was shy害羞.
444
1009329
2835
我们一直想让她参与进来,但她很害羞。
17:04
And at night, though虽然,
445
1012164
1606
而在晚上,
17:05
when all the lights灯火 went out in rural乡村 Tanzania坦桑尼亚,
446
1013770
2807
当坦桑尼亚的农村所有的灯都熄灭以后,
17:08
and there was no moon月亮 that night,
447
1016577
1504
那天晚上也没有月亮,
17:10
the first night, and no stars明星,
448
1018081
1722
那第一个晚上,也没有星星,
17:12
and Jenn came来了 out of our hut棚屋
449
1019803
1826
简从我们的棚屋出来
17:13
with her REIREI little headlamp头灯 on,
450
1021629
2817
带着她的REI头顶小灯,
17:16
Grace恩典 went immediately立即,
451
1024446
2138
格雷斯立即过来了,
17:18
and got the translator翻译者,
452
1026584
1356
还拿着翻译机,
17:20
came来了 straight直行 up to my Jenn and said,
453
1027940
2090
直接来到我和简的身边说,
17:22
"When you go home,
454
1030030
1233
“等你要回家时,
17:23
can I have your headlamp头灯
455
1031263
1175
你的头顶小灯能留给我吗?
17:24
so I can study研究 at night?"
456
1032438
1730
那样我就能在晚上学习了。”
17:26
CACA: Oh, wow.
457
1034168
1082
克里斯:喔,哇。
17:27
MGMG: And her dad had told me
458
1035250
1484
梅琳达:她父亲告诉过我,
17:28
how afraid害怕 he was that unlike不像 the son儿子,
459
1036734
2087
他非常担心她不会像他儿子那样通过考试,
17:31
who had passed通过 his secondary次要 exams考试,
460
1038821
1662
17:32
because of her chores琐事,
461
1040483
1530
因为她要做家务,学习并不好,
17:34
she'd not doneDONE so well
462
1042013
1438
17:35
and wasn't in the government政府 school学校 yet然而.
463
1043451
1804
还没有进公立学校。
17:37
He said, "I don't know how I'm
going to pay工资 for her education教育.
464
1045255
2535
他说,“我不知道该怎样付她的教育费用。
17:39
I can't pay工资 for private私人的 school学校,
465
1047790
1826
我付不起私立学校,
17:41
and she may可能 end结束 up on this farm农场 like my wife妻子."
466
1049616
2579
她也许会像我的妻子一样在这个农场终老。“
17:44
So they know the difference区别
467
1052195
1129
当然,他们知道教育能改变命运,
17:45
that an education教育 can make
468
1053324
1025
17:46
in a huge巨大, profound深刻 way.
469
1054349
2997
能在很大程度上改变命运。
17:49
CACA: I mean, this is another另一个 picPIC
470
1057346
1421
克里斯:我说,这是另一张照片,
17:50
of your other two kids孩子, Rory罗里 and Phoebe菲比,
471
1058767
3406
你们其他的两个孩子,罗易和菲比,
17:54
along沿 with Paul保罗 Farmer农民.
472
1062173
4138
跟保罗·法默在一起。
17:58
Bringing up three children孩子
473
1066311
1614
作为全世界最富有的家庭,抚养三个孩子,
18:00
when you're the world's世界 richest首富 family家庭
474
1067925
3002
18:03
seems似乎 like a social社会 experiment实验
475
1070927
2296
看起来像一个社会学试验,
18:05
without much prior art艺术.
476
1073223
3572
而这没有太多先例。
18:08
How have you managed管理 it?
477
1076795
1535
你是怎样教育孩子的?
18:10
What's been your approach途径?
478
1078330
2215
你的方法是什么?
18:12
BGBG: Well, I'd say overall总体
479
1080545
2633
比尔:好吧,总的来说,孩子们得到了极好的教育,
18:15
the kids孩子 get a great education教育,
480
1083178
1762
18:17
but you've got to make sure
481
1084940
898
但你必须确保他们对自己的能力要有认识,
18:18
they have a sense of their own拥有 ability能力
482
1085838
1702
18:19
and what they're going to go and do,
483
1087540
1989
他们要做什么,要走向哪里,
18:21
and our philosophy哲学 has been
484
1089529
2373
我们育儿的理念非常清晰——
18:24
to be very clear明确 with them --
485
1091902
1222
大部分的资产都会捐给基金会——
18:25
most of the money's钱的 going to the foundation基础 --
486
1093124
1545
18:26
and help them find something they're excited兴奋 about.
487
1094669
4341
而我们会帮助他们找到他们热爱的东西,
18:31
We want to strike罢工 a balance平衡 where they have
488
1099010
1395
我们力求达到一种平衡,
18:32
the freedom自由 to do anything
489
1100405
1793
让他们有自由做任何事情,
18:34
but not a lot of money showered洗完澡 on them
490
1102198
3340
但不是单纯地把钱倾倒在他们身上,
18:37
so they could go out and do nothing.
491
1105538
3129
否则他们可能在外面无所事事。
18:40
And so far, they're fairly相当 diligent勤奋,
492
1108667
2978
目前为止,他们相当勤奋,
18:43
excited兴奋 to pick their own拥有 direction方向.
493
1111645
3208
很兴奋地选择他们自己的方向。
18:47
CACA: You've obviously明显 guarded守卫 their
privacy隐私 carefully小心 for obvious明显 reasons原因.
494
1114853
5568
克里斯:你之前很小,心地保护他们的隐私,
出于众所周知的原因
18:52
I'm curious好奇 why you've given特定 me permission允许
495
1120421
2194
我很好奇你为什么准许我在TED展示这张照片。
18:54
to show显示 this picture图片 now here at TEDTED.
496
1122615
1625
18:56
MGMG: Well, it's interesting有趣.
497
1124240
1137
梅琳达:好吧,这很有趣。
18:57
As they get older旧的, they so know
498
1125377
1841
他们逐渐长大,也知道在我们家,责任是我们的信仰。
18:59
that our family家庭 belief信仰 is about responsibility责任,
499
1127218
3009
19:02
that we are in an unbelievable难以置信的 situation情况
500
1130227
2115
我们生活在美国,拥有优良的教育,
19:04
just to live生活 in the United联合的 States状态
501
1132342
1618
这简直是不可思议,
19:06
and have a great education教育,
502
1133960
1691
19:07
and we have a responsibility责任
to give back to the world世界.
503
1135651
2048
我们有责任回馈世界。
19:09
And so as they get older旧的
504
1137699
1053
因此,当他们慢慢长大,
19:10
and we are teaching教学 them --
505
1138752
1020
我们在教育他们——
19:11
they have been to so many许多
countries国家 around the world世界
506
1139772
2360
他们去过世界上那么多国家——
19:14
they're saying,
507
1142132
1132
他们说,
19:15
we do want people to know that we believe
508
1143264
1752
我们的确想让人们知道我们相信你们所做的一切,
19:17
in what you're doing, Mom妈妈 and Dad,
509
1145016
1501
爸爸,妈妈,
19:18
and it is okay to show显示 us more.
510
1146517
1961
可以向社会更多地展现我们。
19:20
So we have their permission允许 to show显示 this picture图片,
511
1148478
2652
因此我们得到了他们的许可来展示这张照片,
19:23
and I think Paul保罗 Farmer农民 is probably大概 going to put it
512
1151130
1715
我想保罗·法默很可能最终会把这照片放进他某个作品,
19:25
eventually终于 in some of his work.
513
1152845
2455
19:27
But they really care关心 deeply
514
1155300
1602
但真的,他们也非常关心基金会的使命。
19:29
about the mission任务 of the foundation基础, too.
515
1156902
2425
19:31
CACA: You've easily容易 got enough足够 money
516
1159327
1922
克里斯:即便为基金会贡献了大量资产,
19:33
despite尽管 your vast广大 contributions捐款 to the foundation基础
517
1161249
2591
你们还是可以很轻松地让孩子们成为亿万富翁,
19:36
to make them all billionaires亿万富翁.
518
1163840
1634
这是你们对他们的规划吗?
19:37
Is that your plan计划 for them?
519
1165474
1517
19:39
BGBG: Nope. No. They won't惯于 have anything like that.
520
1166991
2336
比尔:不是,不是的。根本不会让他们如此成长。
19:41
They need to have a sense
521
1169327
1935
他们需要有一种概念,
19:43
that their own拥有 work is meaningful富有意义的 and important重要.
522
1171262
6536
即他们的工作有意义,而且重要。
19:49
We read an article文章 long, actually其实,
before we got married已婚,
523
1177798
3472
早在我们结婚以前,我们读过一篇文章,
19:53
where Warren养兔场 Buffett巴菲特 talked about that,
524
1181270
2645
文章是巴菲特写的,
19:56
and we're quite相当 convinced相信 that it wasn't a favor偏爱
525
1183915
2249
我们确信把财富留给孩子,对社会、孩子都不是善举。
19:58
either to society社会 or to the kids孩子.
526
1186164
3254
克里斯:好吧,说到沃伦·巴菲特,
20:01
CACA: Well, speaking请讲 of Warren养兔场 Buffett巴菲特,
527
1189418
2068
20:03
something really amazing惊人 happened发生 in 2006,
528
1191486
2664
在2006年发生了一件神奇的事情,
你的美国首富的唯一竞争者突然一百八十度大转弯,
20:06
when somehow不知何故 your only real真实 rival对手
529
1194150
2960
20:09
for richest首富 person in America美国
530
1197110
1552
同意将其80%的财产捐给你的基金会。
20:10
suddenly突然 turned转身 around and agreed同意 to give
531
1198662
1370
20:12
80 percent百分 of his fortune幸运
532
1200032
2593
20:14
to your foundation基础.
533
1202625
1717
20:16
How on Earth地球 did that happen发生?
534
1204342
1736
那到底是怎么发生的?
20:18
I guess猜测 there's a long version
and a short version of that.
535
1206078
1978
我猜讲这个故事可长可短,
20:20
We've我们已经 got time for the short version.
536
1208056
1382
我们只有时间来说短的。
20:21
BGBG: All right. Well, Warren养兔场 was a close friend朋友,
537
1209438
3755
比尔:好的,沃伦是我的好朋友,
20:25
and he was going to have his wife妻子 Suzie苏西
538
1213193
4657
他那时还在说服他的妻子苏西同意把财产捐出去。
20:30
give it all away.
539
1217850
1555
20:31
Tragically可悲的, she passed通过 away before he did,
540
1219405
3441
但不幸的是,在他捐款之前,她就去世了。
20:35
and he's big on delegation代表团, and
541
1222846
3598
这样他就很高的有决策权了,并且
20:38
— (Laughter笑声) —
542
1226444
2158
——(笑声)——
20:40
he said —
543
1228602
1411
他说——
20:42
CACA: Tweet鸣叫 that.
544
1230013
855
克里斯:把它传到推特上。
20:43
BGBG: If he's got somebody
who is doing something well,
545
1230868
3161
比尔:如果他找到一个能妥善处理他的资产的人,
20:46
and is willing愿意 to do it at no charge收费,
546
1234029
4457
他会无条件地乐于捐出财产,
20:50
maybe that's okay. But we were stunned目瞪口呆.
547
1238486
2378
(即便他捐给的基金会)也会是好的。
但是,(捐给了我们),我们的确很吃惊。
20:53
MGMG: Totally完全 stunned目瞪口呆.
BGBG: We had never expected预期 it,
548
1240864
2096
梅琳达:完全地震惊。
比尔:我们从没期待过他会捐给我们,
20:55
and it has been unbelievable难以置信的.
549
1242960
1565
这简直难以置信。
20:56
It's allowed允许 us to increase增加 our ambition志向
550
1244525
3140
这笔钱让我们可以拥有更高的志向,
20:59
in what the foundation基础 can do quite相当 dramatically显着.
551
1247665
3617
让基金会可以做的事情大为不同。
21:03
Half the resources资源 we have
552
1251282
1504
我们的基金会一半的基金来源于沃伦“疯狂的”慷慨。
21:04
come from Warren's沃伦的 mind-blowing令人兴奋 generosity慷慨.
553
1252786
2884
克里斯:我记得你作出过保证,
21:07
CACA: And I think you've pledged承诺 that
554
1255670
884
21:08
by the time you're doneDONE,
555
1256554
1790
在你去世之前,
21:10
more than, or 95 percent百分 of your wealth财富,
556
1258344
1878
你将把你95%以上的个人资产捐给基金会。
21:12
will be given特定 to the foundation基础.
557
1260222
1895
21:14
BGBG: Yes.
558
1262117
1154
比尔:是的。
21:15
CACA: And since以来 this relationship关系, it's amazing惊人
559
1263271
3749
克里斯:因为你和沃伦关系。这很神奇——
21:19
(Applause掌声)
560
1267020
3366
(掌声)
21:22
And recently最近, you and Warren养兔场
561
1270386
2637
最近,你和沃伦四处游说其他的亿万富翁和成功人士,
21:25
have been going around trying to persuade说服
562
1273023
1880
21:27
other billionaires亿万富翁 and successful成功 people
563
1274903
1976
21:29
to pledge保证 to give, what,
564
1276879
1523
让他们为慈善事业承诺捐出半数资产。
21:30
more than half of their assets资产 for philanthropy慈善事业.
565
1278402
5758
这进行得如何?
21:36
How is that going?
566
1284160
2415
21:38
BGBG: Well, we've我们已经 got about 120 people
567
1286575
3172
比尔:我们已经说服大概120人,
21:41
who have now taken采取 this giving pledge保证.
568
1289747
2438
他们已作出承诺。
21:44
The thing that's great is that we get together一起
569
1292185
2606
这件事情美妙的地方在于,
我们一年聚一次,互相谈论,
21:46
yearly每年 and talk about, okay,
570
1294791
2109
21:49
do you hire聘请 staff员工, what do you give to them?
571
1296900
1965
你雇了谁?你给了他们些什么?
21:51
We're not trying to homogenize均质 it.
572
1298865
1227
我们并不是试图一致行动,
21:52
I mean, the beauty美女 of philanthropy慈善事业
573
1300092
1048
我的意思是,慈善的魅力在于不同思维火花的擦碰,
21:53
is this mind-blowing令人兴奋 diversity多样.
574
1301140
2007
21:55
People give to some things.
575
1303147
1163
人们会有各自的选择,
21:56
We look and go, "Wow."
576
1304310
2679
我们了解之后,“哇。”
21:59
But that's great.
577
1306989
1108
但那是了不起的。这就是慈善,各有各的方式,
22:00
That's the role角色 of philanthropy慈善事业
578
1308097
1129
22:01
is to pick different不同 approaches方法,
579
1309226
2487
22:03
including包含 even in one space空间, like education教育.
580
1311713
1992
即便是同样的领域,如教育,(也会有不同)。
22:05
We need more experimentation实验.
581
1313705
2371
我们需要更多地实践。
22:08
But it's been wonderful精彩, meeting会议 those people,
582
1316076
2904
但这一直很棒,结识不同的人,
22:11
sharing分享 their journey旅程 to philanthropy慈善事业,
583
1318980
2232
分享他们的慈善事业经历,
22:13
how they involve涉及 their kids孩子,
584
1321212
1104
如何让他们的孩子介入,
22:14
where they're doing it differently不同,
585
1322316
1834
他们在哪里做的不同,
22:16
and it's been way more successful成功 than we expected预期.
586
1324150
2706
这远比我们期待的更加成功。
22:19
Now it looks容貌 like it'll它会 just keep growing生长 in size尺寸
587
1326856
2695
现在看来,在未来几年,它会持续增长。
22:21
in the years年份 ahead.
588
1329551
2563
梅琳达:让人们看到其他人在通过慈善改变世界,
22:24
MGMG: And having people see that other people
589
1332114
3512
22:27
are making制造 change更改 with philanthropy慈善事业,
590
1335626
1704
22:29
I mean, these are people who have
591
1337330
2336
我的意思是,这些人已经创造了自己的事业,
22:31
created创建 their own拥有 businesses企业,
592
1339666
1045
22:32
put their own拥有 ingenuity创造力 behind背后 incredible难以置信 ideas思路.
593
1340711
2648
将才智转化为不可思议的想法。
22:35
If they put their ideas思路 and their brain
594
1343359
2226
如果他们把才智付诸于慈善事业,他们可以改变世界。
22:37
behind背后 philanthropy慈善事业, they can change更改 the world世界.
595
1345585
2533
22:40
And they start开始 to see others其他 doing it, and saying,
596
1348118
2291
他们看到其他人致力于慈善事业,说:
22:42
"Wow, I want to do that with my own拥有 money."
597
1350409
2040
“哇,我也想这样利用的我的财产。”
22:44
To me, that's the piece that's incredible难以置信.
598
1352449
2044
对我而言,这就是最美妙的事情。
22:46
CACA: It seems似乎 to me, it's actually其实 really hard
599
1354493
2918
克里斯:在我看来,事实上,对很多人来说,
22:49
for some people to figure数字 out
600
1357411
1246
想清楚如何把这么多的钱花在别处是极其困难的事情。
22:50
even how to remotely远程 spend that much money
601
1358657
2683
22:53
on something else其他.
602
1361340
2173
22:55
There are probably大概 some billionaires亿万富翁 in the room房间
603
1363513
2093
这间屋子里可能有些亿万富翁,
22:57
and certainly当然 some successful成功 people.
604
1365606
2109
还肯定有一些成功人士。
22:59
I'm curious好奇, can you make the pitch沥青?
605
1367715
2060
我很好奇,你能鼓动他们吗?
23:01
What's the pitch沥青?
606
1369775
1234
如何来鼓动?
23:03
BGBG: Well, it's the most fulfilling履行 thing
607
1371009
1381
比尔:好吧,慈善是我们做过的最有满足感的事情。
23:04
we've我们已经 ever doneDONE,
608
1372390
1482
23:06
and you can't take it with you,
609
1373872
2970
你不能带着钱(升天),
23:09
and if it's not good for your kids孩子,
610
1376842
3182
而且如果把钱留给孩子会对他们不好,
23:12
let's get together一起 and brainstorm头脑风暴
611
1380024
1289
我们就一起“脑力风暴”,看看我们能做些什么。
23:13
about what we can be doneDONE.
612
1381313
2687
23:16
The world世界 is a far better place地点
613
1384000
2190
因为慈善家过去的所作所为,世界已变得更加美好,
23:18
because of the philanthropists慈善家 of the past过去,
614
1386190
2638
23:21
and the U.S. tradition传统 here, which哪一个 is the strongest最强,
615
1388828
3033
在美国这种传统深入人心,全世界都羡慕。
23:24
is the envy羡慕 of the world世界.
616
1391861
1351
我之所以这么乐观,
23:25
And part部分 of the reason原因 I'm so optimistic乐观
617
1393212
1918
23:27
is because I do think philanthropy慈善事业
618
1395130
1944
部分原因是我确实相信慈善事业会持续发展,
23:29
is going to grow增长
619
1397074
1614
23:30
and take some of these things
620
1398688
1119
承担一些政府不擅长做的事情,
发现希望所在,让光照亮在最需要的地方。
23:32
government's政府的 not just good at
working加工 on and discovering发现
621
1399807
2899
23:34
and shine闪耀 some light in the right direction方向.
622
1402706
3470
克里斯:世界上存在着严重的不平等,
23:38
CACA: The world's世界 got this terrible可怕 inequality不等式,
623
1406176
2942
23:41
growing生长 inequality不等式 problem问题
624
1409118
1161
不平等的现象越来越多,似乎成了本质上的问题,
23:42
that seems似乎 structural结构.
625
1410279
1461
23:43
It does seem似乎 to me that if more of your peers同行
626
1411740
2866
在我看来,如果有更多的人像你们两位这样致力于慈善,
23:46
took the approach途径 that you two have made制作,
627
1414606
2376
就会让世界有所不同。
23:49
it would make a dent凹痕
628
1416982
1592
23:50
both in that problem问题 and certainly当然
629
1418574
1266
不仅会解决不平等的问题,
23:52
in the perception知觉 of that problem问题.
630
1419840
1600
当然也会改变人们对于不平等的认识。
23:53
Is that a fair公平 comment评论?
631
1421440
1404
我这样说合理吗?
23:55
BGBG: Oh yeah. If you take from the most wealthy富裕
632
1422844
1658
比尔:是的,如果你能将钱从最富有的人手里
23:56
and give to the least最小 wealthy富裕, it's good.
633
1424502
3332
转移到最贫穷的人手里,那就是好的。
24:00
It tries尝试 to balance平衡 out, and that's just.
634
1427834
2132
要努力实现平衡,这就是平衡。
24:02
MGMG: But you change更改 systems系统.
635
1429966
1756
梅琳达:你在改变制度。
24:03
In the U.S., we're trying to
change更改 the education教育 system系统
636
1431722
2613
在美国,我们在努力试着改变教育制度,
24:06
so it's just for everybody每个人
637
1434335
2068
这是在帮助所有人,
24:08
and it works作品 for all students学生们.
638
1436403
1557
所有学生都会因此受惠。
24:10
That, to me, really changes变化
639
1437960
1890
那对我来说,这就是改变了不平等。
24:12
the inequality不等式 balance平衡.
640
1439850
1157
24:13
BGBG: That's the most important重要.
641
1441007
1582
比尔:那是最重要的。
24:14
(Applause掌声)
642
1442589
3548
(掌声)
24:18
CACA: Well, I really think that most people here
643
1446137
3415
克里斯:我真的认为这儿的大部分人和世界上的诸多富翁
24:21
and many许多 millions百万 around the world世界
644
1449552
1745
24:23
are just in awe威严 of the trajectory弹道
645
1451297
2549
都会为你们选择的人生道路而肃然起敬,
24:26
your lives生活 have taken采取
646
1453846
1308
24:27
and the spectacular壮观 degree to which哪一个
647
1455154
3731
也为你们极大程度地改变未来而肃然起敬。
24:31
you have shaped成形 the future未来.
648
1458885
2115
非常感谢你们来到TED,
24:33
Thank you so much for coming未来 to TEDTED
649
1461000
1340
24:34
and for sharing分享 with us and for all you do.
650
1462340
1461
跟我们分享你们所做的一切。
24:36
BGBG: Thank you.
MGMG: Thank you.
651
1463801
1936
比尔:谢谢你。
梅琳达:谢谢你。
24:37
(Applause掌声)
652
1465737
2787
(掌声)
24:46
BGBG: Thank you.
MGMG: Thank you very much.
653
1474515
4395
比尔:谢谢你们。
梅琳达:非常感谢你们。
24:51
BGBG: All right, good job工作. (Applause掌声)
654
1478910
4171
比尔:很了不起的工作。
(掌声)
Translated by Yuanqing Edberg
Reviewed by Yumeng Guo

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Melinda Gates - Philanthropist
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value.

Why you should listen

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. As co-chair, Melinda French Gates helps shape and approve strategies, review results, advocate for foundation issues and set the overall direction. In developing countries, the foundation focuses on improving people's health with vaccines and other life-saving tools and giving them a chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to dramatically improve education so that all young people have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.

In recent years, Melinda French Gates has become a vocal advocate for access to contraception, advancing the idea that empowering women to decide whether and when to have children can have transformational effects on societies. In 2012, Gates spearheaded the London Summit on Family Planning, with the goal of delivering contraceptives to 120 million women in developing countries by 2020. When asked why she got involved in this issue, Gates said, "We knew that 210 million women were saying they wanted access to the contraceptives we have here in the United States and we weren't providing them because of political controversy in our country. To me, that was just a crime. I kept looking around trying to find the person to get this back on the global stage. I realized I just had to do it."

 

More profile about the speaker
Melinda Gates | Speaker | TED.com
Bill Gates - Philanthropist
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation.

Why you should listen

Bill Gates is the founder and former CEO of Microsoft. A geek icon, tech visionary and business trailblazer, Gates' leadership -- fueled by his long-held dream that millions might realize their potential through great software -- made Microsoft a personal computing powerhouse and a trendsetter in the Internet dawn. Whether you're a suit, chef, quant, artist, media maven, nurse or gamer, you've probably used a Microsoft product today.

In summer of 2008, Gates left his day-to-day role with Microsoft to focus on philanthropy. Holding that all lives have equal value (no matter where they're being lived), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has now donated staggering sums to HIV/AIDS programs, libraries, agriculture research and disaster relief -- and offered vital guidance and creative funding to programs in global health and education. Gates believes his tech-centric strategy for giving will prove the killer app of planet Earth's next big upgrade.

Read a collection of Bill and Melinda Gates' annual letters, where they take stock of the Gates Foundation and the world. And follow his ongoing thinking on his personal website, The Gates Notes. His new paper, "The Next Epidemic," is published by the New England Journal of Medicine.

More profile about the speaker
Bill Gates | Speaker | TED.com