TED2014
David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs
大卫·森格: 假肢的困境
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是怎样的动力使大卫·森格创造出更舒适的假肢呢？他成长于塞拉利昂，他所爱的人们中，有很多都因残忍的内战而致残。他发现，很多人不愿使用假肢，于是开始探尋箇中原因，并和他在麻省理工学院媒体实验室的团队联手，共同致力解决这个问题。
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineer
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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我在塞拉利昂出生长大，
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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这是一个小而美丽的国家
00:19
in West Africa,
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位于非洲的西部，
00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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这里有丰富的物产资源
00:23
and creative talent.
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和富有创造力的人才。
00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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然而，令塞拉利昂声名狼藉的
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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是 90 年代那场
长达 10 年的叛乱战争，
长达 10 年的叛乱战争，
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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在那次战乱中，
很多村庄遭受到灭顶之灾。
很多村庄遭受到灭顶之灾。
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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大约有 8000 个男人、女人和孩子
00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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在战乱中受伤，他们的手或腿被截肢。
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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我和家人为避难而逃离了那里
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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当时我12岁左右，
00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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我下定决心，要尽我所能
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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来确保我的孩子们
00:53
would not go through the
same experiences we had.
same experiences we had.
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不会再历经过去的经验。
00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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事实上，他们将是塞拉利昂的一员
00:59
where war and amputation
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在这个国家，
战争和残害他人
战争和残害他人
01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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不再是夺取权力的策略。
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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当我看到我认识、关心的人们，
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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从战争的废墟中恢复生气，
01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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有一件事令我非常烦恼
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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那就是，国内很多被截肢者，
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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无法使用他们的假肢。
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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我了解到这其中的原因是，
01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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他们的假肢接受腔
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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因无法与残肢适配，
而感到疼痛。
而感到疼痛。
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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假肢接受腔是一个插孔
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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被截肢者将他们的残肢插入其中
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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假肢接受腔就和
踝关节假体连接在一起。
踝关节假体连接在一起。
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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即使在发达国家，
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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患者也常需要等待
三周到数年的时间
三周到数年的时间
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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才能获得一个
舒适的假肢接受腔。
舒适的假肢接受腔。
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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修复学家们仍使用传统的制造方法
01:49
like molding and casting
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比如用模子塑性和铸造
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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来制作出单一材料的假肢接受腔。
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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这样的接受腔时常
会给病人的残肢带来
会给病人的残肢带来
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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难以承受的压力，
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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令他们感到痛苦和起水泡。
02:05
It does not matter
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这和你的假体踝关节的有力程度
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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没有关系。
02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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如果你的假肢接受腔不舒适，
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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你就不会使用你的腿，
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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这在我们这个时代是难以接受的。
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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某天，我和休·海恩教授见面，
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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那是在大约两年半前，
02:23
and he asked me if I knew
how to solve this problem,
how to solve this problem,
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他问我是否知道
如何解决这个问题，
如何解决这个问题，
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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我说，“不，还没找到解决办法呢，
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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但我非常想解决它。”
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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因此，我的博士研究期间，
在麻省理工学院的媒体实验室，
在麻省理工学院的媒体实验室，
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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我设计了客制化的假肢接受腔
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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制作过程快并且便宜
02:39
that are more comfortable
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比起传统的假肢
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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更加舒适。
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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我使用了磁共振成像
02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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来捕捉病人肢体解剖图
所表现的准确形状
所表现的准确形状
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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再用有限元建模来更好地预测出
02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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正常状态下
02:55
on the normal forces,
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肌体内部所受到的压力和张力，
02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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据此创造出假肢接受腔送去制作。
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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我们采用 3D 打印来制作
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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一个多种材料复合的假肢接受腔
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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它根据病人的解剖图设计
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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会减缓肌体所受到的压力。
03:15
In short, we're using data
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简单来说，我们使用数据
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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来制作新型的接受腔，
过程快速并且价格低廉。
过程快速并且价格低廉。
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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最近我们在媒体实验室
03:23
at the Media Lab,
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验收试验结果，
03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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我们的患者，一位美国老兵
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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他接受截肢手术已经 20 年了
03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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他装过数十种假腿，
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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对我们打印出来的作品评论道
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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“这太柔软了，就像在枕头上行走，
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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而且它很性感。”
03:44
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:48
Disability in our age
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残疾，在这个时代
03:51
should not prevent anyone
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不能阻挡任何人
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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过有意义的生活。
03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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我的追求和理想是，
我们研究组所开发的
我们研究组所开发的
03:59
we develop in our research group
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工具和加工方法
04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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可以为那些有需求的人们
04:04
to those who need them.
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带来高功能性的假肢。
04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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对我来说，想要开始抚平
那些被战争和疾病伤害的人们
那些被战争和疾病伤害的人们
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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心灵的创伤
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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就是要先为他们的身体
04:19
for their bodies.
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创造出舒适并且价格低廉的接口。
04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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无论是在塞拉利昂，还是在波士顿，
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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我希望，这不仅仅是恢复
04:28
but indeed transforms their
sense of human potential.
sense of human potential.
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而是真正地激发他们的潜能。
04:31
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
04:34
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineerEven the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab.
Why you should listen
David Sengeh was born and raised in Sierra Leone, where more than 8,000 men, women and children had limbs amputated during a brutal civil war. He noticed that many people there opted not to wear a prosthesis because proper fit is such an issue.
Sengeh has pioneered a new system for creating prosthetic sockets, which fit a prothesis onto a patient's residual limb. Using MRI to map the shape, computer-assisted design to predict internal strains and 3D printing to allow for different materials to be used in different places, Sengeh is creating sockets that are far more comfortable than traditional models. These sockets can be produced cheaply and quickly, making them far more likely to help amputees across the globe.
Sengeh was named one of Forbes' 30 under 30 in Technology in 2014, and in April 2014, Sengeh won the $15,000 "Cure it!" Lemelson-MIT National Collegiate Student Prize.
David Sengeh | Speaker | TED.com