TED2014
David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs
David Sengeh: Bolni problem prostetičkih udova
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Što je potaknulo Davida Sengeha da izradi udobnije prostetičke udove? Odrastao je u Sierra Leoneu i mnogi, njemu bliski ljudi, ostali su bez udova nakon tamošnjeg surovog građanskog rata. Kada je primjetio da ljudi koji imaju proteze ih ne nose, krenuo je otkriti zašto – i riješio je problem sa svojim timom iz MIT Media Lab-a.
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineer
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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Rođen sam i odrastao u Sierra Leoneu,
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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maloj i jako lijepoj zemlji
00:19
in West Africa,
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u zapadnoj Africi,
00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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zemlji bogatoj prirodnim resursima,
00:23
and creative talent.
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ali i kreativnim talentima.
00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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Osim toga, Sierra Leone je ozloglašena
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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zbog desetljeća dugog pobunjeničkog rata u 90.-ima
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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kada su cijela sela spaljena.
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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Procjenjuje se da je 8,000 muškaraca, žena i djece
00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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imalo amputirane ruke i noge tijekom ovog razdoblja.
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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Kako smo moja obitelj i ja bježali na sigurno
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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od jednog od ovih napada kada sam imao oko 12 godina,
00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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odlučio sam da ću učiniti sve što mogu
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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kako bih osigurao da moja djeca
00:53
would not go through the
same experiences we had.
same experiences we had.
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ne prođu kroz ista iskustva kao i mi.
00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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Oni će, naime, biti dio Sierra Leone
00:59
where war and amputation
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gdje rat i amputacije
01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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nisu više dio strategije za stjecanje moći.
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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Dok sam gledao ljude koje sam znao, voljene,
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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kako se oporavljaju od ovog pustošenja
01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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jedna stvar koja me je duboko uznemirila
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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je da mnogi od amputiranih u zemlji
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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ne žele koristiti svoje proteze.
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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Razlog, koji sam tek trebao otkriti,
01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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bio je da su njihovi prostetički nastavci
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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bili bolni jer im nisu dobro pristajali.
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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Prostetički nastavak je dio
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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u koji amputirani umeće batrljak
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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i koji ga povezuje s prostetičkim zglobom.
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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Čak i u razvijenim zemljama
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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potrebno je razdoblje od tri tjedna, češće godine,
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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da pacijent dobije udoban nastavak, ako i ikad.
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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Prostetičari još uvijek koriste uobičajene postupke
01:49
like molding and casting
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kao što je kalupljenje i lijevanje
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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kako bi napravili pojedinačne prostetičke nastavke.
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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Takav nastavak često stvara nepodnošljiv
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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pritisak na udove pacijenta,
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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ostavljajući ih s dekubitusima i žuljevima.
02:05
It does not matter
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Nije važno
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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koliko je jak vaš prostetički zglob.
02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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ako je vaš prostetički nastavak neudoban,
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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nećete koristit vašu nogu,
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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i to je jednostavno neprihvatljivo u naše doba.
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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Dakle, jednog dana, kada sam upoznao profesora Hugha Herra
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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prije otprilike dvije i pol godine,
02:23
and he asked me if I knew
how to solve this problem,
how to solve this problem,
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i kada me pitao znam li kako riješiti ovaj problem
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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rekao sam: “Ne,još ne,
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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ali volio bih otkriti rješenje.”
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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Zato sam, za moj doktorski rad u MIT Media Lab-u,
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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dizajnirao prilagođene prostetičke nastavke,
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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brzo i jeftino,
02:39
that are more comfortable
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koji su mnogo udobniji
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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nego uobičajene proteze.
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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Koristio sam magnetsku rezonancu
02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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kako bih snimio stvarni izgled pacijentove anatomije
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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a zatim metodu konačnih elemenata kako bih bolje predvidio
02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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unutrašnja naprezanja i napetosti
02:55
on the normal forces,
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kod normalnih sila,
02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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i tako stvorio prostetičke nastavke za proizvodnju.
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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Koristili smo 3D printer kako bi stvorili
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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višejedinični prostetički nastavak
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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koji oslobađa od pritiska gdje je potrebno
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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ovisno o anatomiji pacijenta.
03:15
In short, we're using data
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Ukratko, koristimo podatke
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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kako bi nove nastavke napravili brzo i jeftino.
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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U nedavnom pokusu završili smo,
03:23
at the Media Lab,
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na Media Lab-u
03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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s jednim od naših pacijenata, američkim veteranom
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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koji je amputiran prije oko 20 godina
03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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i nosio na desetke nogu,
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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rekao je za jedan od isprintanih dijelova
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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“Tako je mekano, kao hodanje po jastucima
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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i stvarno seksi.”
03:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:48
Disability in our age
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Invalidnost u naše doba
03:51
should not prevent anyone
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ne bi trebala sprječavati nikoga
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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da živi ispunjenim životom.
03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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Moja nada i želja je da se alati i postupci
03:59
we develop in our research group
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koje razvijamo u našoj istraživačkoj skupini
04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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mogu koristiti kako bi se stvorile vrlo funkcionalne proteze
04:04
to those who need them.
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za one koji ih trebaju.
04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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Za mene, mjesto početka ozdravljenja duša
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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onih koji su pogođeni ratom i bolestima
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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je stvaranje udobnih i pristupačnih sučelja
04:19
for their bodies.
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za njihova tijela.
04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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Bilo to u Sierra Leoneu ili u Bostonu
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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nadam se da ovo ne samo vraća
04:28
but indeed transforms their
sense of human potential.
sense of human potential.
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nego i mijenja mišljenje o ljudskim mogućnostima.
04:31
Thank you very much.
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Hvala lijepa.
04:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineerEven the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab.
Why you should listen
David Sengeh was born and raised in Sierra Leone, where more than 8,000 men, women and children had limbs amputated during a brutal civil war. He noticed that many people there opted not to wear a prosthesis because proper fit is such an issue.
Sengeh has pioneered a new system for creating prosthetic sockets, which fit a prothesis onto a patient's residual limb. Using MRI to map the shape, computer-assisted design to predict internal strains and 3D printing to allow for different materials to be used in different places, Sengeh is creating sockets that are far more comfortable than traditional models. These sockets can be produced cheaply and quickly, making them far more likely to help amputees across the globe.
Sengeh was named one of Forbes' 30 under 30 in Technology in 2014, and in April 2014, Sengeh won the $15,000 "Cure it!" Lemelson-MIT National Collegiate Student Prize.
David Sengeh | Speaker | TED.com