TED2014
David Sengeh: The sore problem of prosthetic limbs
David Sengeh: 義肢嘅疼痛問題
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係乜嘢驅使 David Sengeh 去發明一個更加舒適嘅義肢？ 佢喺塞拉里昂長大，好多佢鍾意嘅人經歷殘酷內戰之後失去咗四肢。但 當佢注意到戴上義肢嘅人並唔係正確使用義肢嘅時候，佢同佢喺麻省理工學院媒體工作室嘅團隊一齊，去研究點解，同點樣解決呢個問題。
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineer
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Even the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was born and raised in Sierra Leone,
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我喺塞拉里昂出世長大
00:17
a small and very beautiful country
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塞拉里昂係一個
位於西非嘅，細但美麗嘅國家
位於西非嘅，細但美麗嘅國家
00:19
in West Africa,
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00:21
a country rich both in physical resources
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塞拉里昂擁有
豐富嘅天然資源同創新人才
豐富嘅天然資源同創新人才
00:23
and creative talent.
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00:26
However, Sierra Leone is infamous
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但係，塞拉里昂唔出名
00:28
for a decade-long rebel war in the '90s
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原因係九十年代
打咗十年嘅反抗戰爭
打咗十年嘅反抗戰爭
00:30
when entire villages were burnt down.
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全部村莊都被燒毀
據統計大約八千名男人、女人同兒童
00:33
An estimated 8,000 men, women and children
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00:37
had their arms and legs amputated during this time.
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喺戰爭期間失去手同腳
00:42
As my family and I ran for safety
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我同家庭喺我十二歲嗰年
遇到嘅一次襲擊之後走難
00:45
when I was about 12 from one of those attacks,
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00:47
I resolved that I would do everything I could
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嗰陣我決定要盡一切辦法
令自己嘅小朋友
令自己嘅小朋友
00:51
to ensure that my own children
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唔需要再經歷我哋曾經經歴過嘅苦痛
00:53
would not go through the
same experiences we had.
same experiences we had.
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00:57
They would, in fact, be part of a Sierra Leone
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塞拉里昂嘅兒童
唔會再經歷呢啲慘痛嘅事
唔會再經歷呢啲慘痛嘅事
00:59
where war and amputation
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01:02
were no longer a strategy for gaining power.
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塞拉里昂再唔會
有人靠發動戰爭同殘害他人身體去奪權
01:06
As I watched people who I knew, loved ones,
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當我望著我識得嘅、鍾意嘅人
戰後過返正常生活
戰後過返正常生活
01:10
recover from this devastation,
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01:12
one thing that deeply troubled me
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有一件事情深深咁困擾著我
01:15
was that many of the amputees in the country
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塞拉里昂有好多傷殘嘅人唔用義肢
01:17
would not use their prostheses.
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我後嚟發現佢哋唔用義肢嘅原因
01:19
The reason, I would come to find out,
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01:21
was that their prosthetic sockets
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係由於義肢嘅穿戴嘅地方
01:23
were painful because they did not fit well.
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唔係好套到落隻腳到而造成痛楚
01:29
The prosthetic socket is the part
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義肢嘅穿戴嘅地方係
01:31
in which the amputee inserts their residual limb,
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殘疾人士嘅腳套入去義肢嘅地方
01:35
and which connects to the prosthetic ankle.
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噉義肢另一端就係腳跟關節
01:37
Even in the developed world,
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即使喺發達國家
01:39
it takes a period of three weeks to often years
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病人都需要三星期至幾年嘅時間
01:42
for a patient to get a comfortable socket, if ever.
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至會達到一個舒適嘅義肢穿戴狀態
01:46
Prosthetists still use conventional processes
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義肢矯形師仍然用梗傳統方法
01:49
like molding and casting
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好似塑模同鑄造
01:52
to create single-material prosthetic sockets.
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加上用單一物料，製成義肢穿戴嘅凹位
01:55
Such sockets often leave intolerable amounts
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噉樣嘅凹位往往向病人隻腳
施加好大嘅壓力
施加好大嘅壓力
01:58
of pressure on the limbs of the patient,
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因為噉而生咗褥瘡同水泡
02:01
leaving them with pressure sores and blisters.
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02:05
It does not matter
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就算義肢腳跟關節好有力都係咁話
02:07
how powerful your prosthetic ankle is.
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02:10
If your prosthetic socket is uncomfortable,
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如果義肢穿戴嘅凹位唔舒服
02:13
you will not use your leg,
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你會唔想行
02:15
and that is just simply unacceptable in our age.
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凹位唔舒服喺宜家嚟講係唔可以接受嘅
02:19
So one day, when I met professor Hugh Herr
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咁有一日，大概兩年半之前
02:21
about two and a half years ago,
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我遇到 Hugh Herr 教授
02:23
and he asked me if I knew
how to solve this problem,
how to solve this problem,
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佢問我係咪知道點樣解決呢個問題
02:25
I said, "No, not yet,
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我話：冇，仲未呀
02:27
but I would love to figure it out."
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但我好鍾意解決咗佢
02:30
And so, for my Ph.D. at the MIT Media Lab,
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喺我麻省理工學院
媒體實驗室嘅博士學位裏面
媒體實驗室嘅博士學位裏面
02:33
I designed custom prosthetic sockets
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我設計咗個自選嘅義肢套
02:36
quickly and cheaply
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又快又平
02:39
that are more comfortable
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相對傳統義肢，新義肢更加舒服
02:41
than conventional prostheses.
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我利用磁力共振掌握病人腳部嘅構造
02:44
I used magnetic resonance imaging
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02:46
to capture the actual shape of the patient's anatomy,
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然後通過有限單元模型更加精準咁預測
02:50
then use finite element modeling to better predict
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02:53
the internal stresses and strains
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喺正向力嘅情況下內部嘅壓力同張力
02:55
on the normal forces,
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02:57
and then create a prosthetic socket for manufacture.
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然後鑄造一個義肢套嘅模，用嚟生產
03:02
We use a 3D printer to create
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我哋利用一台 3D 打印機嚟整出
03:05
a multi-material prosthetic socket
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一個由複合材料製成嘅義肢套
03:09
which relieves pressure where needed
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佢能夠減輕傷殘人士身體嘅壓力
03:11
on the anatomy of the patient.
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03:15
In short, we're using data
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即係話，我哋通過收集人體工學嘅資料
03:18
to make novel sockets quickly and cheaply.
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又平又快咁製造義肢套
最近一次喺媒體實驗室裡面
完成嘅試驗當中
完成嘅試驗當中
03:21
In a recent trial we just wrapped up
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03:23
at the Media Lab,
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03:25
one of our patients, a U.S. veteran
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我哋其中一位病人
佢係一個切肢已經廿年
03:28
who has been an amputee for about 20 years
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03:30
and worn dozens of legs,
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著過幾打義肢嘅美國退役軍人
03:34
said of one of our printed parts,
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佢話我哋其中一件打印製成品
03:38
"It's so soft, it's like walking on pillows,
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好柔軟，好似喺枕頭上面行路一樣
03:41
and it's effing sexy."
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而且係抵死嘅性感
（笑聲）
03:44
(Laughter)
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殘疾喺我哋今日嘅情況嚟講
03:48
Disability in our age
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03:51
should not prevent anyone
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唔應該阻到任何人過有意義嘅生活
03:53
from living meaningful lives.
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03:55
My hope and desire is that the tools and processes
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我希望我哋喺研究小組裏面
開發嘅工具同發展嘅步驟
03:59
we develop in our research group
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04:01
can be used to bring highly functional prostheses
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可以向需要嘅人提供高性能嘅義肢
04:04
to those who need them.
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04:06
For me, a place to begin healing the souls
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對於我嚟講
要醫好因戰爭同疾病而受傷嘅靈魂
04:11
of those affected by war and disease
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首先就要係為佢哋
04:15
is by creating comfortable and affordable interfaces
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整一個舒適、可負擔嘅活動輔助工具
04:19
for their bodies.
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04:21
Whether it's in Sierra Leone or in Boston,
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無論係塞拉里昂或者波士頓
04:24
I hope this not only restores
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我希望呢個研發唔單止恢復
04:28
but indeed transforms their
sense of human potential.
sense of human potential.
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仲可以改變佢哋嘅潛能
多謝
04:31
Thank you very much.
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（掌聲）
04:34
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Sengeh - Biomechatronics engineerEven the most advanced prosthetic isn't useful if it's hard to wear. This observation guides TED Fellow David Sengeh's work at the Biomechatronics group in the MIT Media Lab.
Why you should listen
David Sengeh was born and raised in Sierra Leone, where more than 8,000 men, women and children had limbs amputated during a brutal civil war. He noticed that many people there opted not to wear a prosthesis because proper fit is such an issue.
Sengeh has pioneered a new system for creating prosthetic sockets, which fit a prothesis onto a patient's residual limb. Using MRI to map the shape, computer-assisted design to predict internal strains and 3D printing to allow for different materials to be used in different places, Sengeh is creating sockets that are far more comfortable than traditional models. These sockets can be produced cheaply and quickly, making them far more likely to help amputees across the globe.
Sengeh was named one of Forbes' 30 under 30 in Technology in 2014, and in April 2014, Sengeh won the $15,000 "Cure it!" Lemelson-MIT National Collegiate Student Prize.
David Sengeh | Speaker | TED.com