Franklin Leonard: How I accidentally changed the way movies get made
弗兰克林·莱昂纳多: 我是如何意外地改变了电影的制作方式
Franklin Leonard is a film producer, cultural commentator, professor, activist and entrepreneur. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
in the United States
around the world,
威尔士的加的夫,
或乘坐公共交通工具,
or they'll take public transportation
they don't know
and they'll watch a movie.
about aliens or robots,
about what it means to be human.
they knew several hours prior.
will look at the world
than they did when they went in.
or a mosque or a church,
a sacred ritual.
是一个神圣的仪式。
between the years of 1996 and 1990,
间的大多数周末一样,
in Columbus, Georgia.
故居约5英里的地方。
that somewhere between then and now,
现在的某个阶段,
part of the conversation
in an office high above Sunset Boulevard,
在日落大道上方的办公室,
production company Appian Way.
with how the film industry works,
运作方式的人来说,
one of a few people behind the person
behind and in front of the camera,
recognize than mine.
producer who does the unglamorous work
你的工作是在制作一部电影的
of producing a movie.
and directors and actors
上面有编剧、导演和演员,
that you want to will into existence;
and their representatives,
或他们的代表,
for some future date.
that might become movies,
that might become movies,
that might write the adaptations
of the articles,
改变成电影剧本,
that you're already working on.
看中的剧本。
the next big thing
寻找下一个大作品,
who can deliver something
the next big thing.
at Leonardo's production company.
制作公司的一名开发主管。
from the representative of a screenwriter
all of those conversations did:
that his client had written,
这个故事:
threatens to leave him
威胁要离开他,
to global warming.
that's been brought to a head
forming in the Atlantic
类似玛利亚飓风的破坏。
from Maine to Myrtle Beach.
感到非常难过,
this impending break up,
about the hurricane
across the Atlantic,
though now active volcano
活火山,
喷射到飓风眼中
into some sort of chemical weapon
'Leo versus the toxic superstorm
‘莱昂对抗将会摧毁人类的
it sounds ridiculous."
that I had the guy send me the script,
还是让那个人给我发了剧本,
that it was as bad as I thought it was.
它真有我想的那么糟糕。
一个极端的例子,
is certainly an extreme example,
没那么容易确定不要。
aren't as easy to dismiss as that one.
about a high school senior,
毕业生的喜剧电影,
with an unplanned pregnancy,
regarding her unborn child.
做了个不寻常的决定。
at the worldwide box office,
who grew up in the slums
长大的孟买青年
on the Indian version
"Slumdog Millionaire."
million worldwide,
Michael Jackson.
生活在一起的故事。
by Taika Waititi,
as a development executive
很大部分工作是
from the "Slumdog Millionaires,"
《贫民窟的百万富翁》,
the writers who write "Superstorm"
是把写作《超级风暴》的编剧
"Slumdog Millionaire."
的编剧区分出来。
is to read all of the scripts,
阅读所有剧本,
is that the Writers Guild of America
of material every year,
is about 5,000 of them
agencies, management companies,
如代理、管理公司、
at the production company
whether they can become
或旗下品牌发行的
that are released by the major studios
into a members-only bookstore
is just organized haphazardly,
一样的平淡无奇·。
nondescript cover.
the best and most profitable books there.
最赚钱的书,否则就不要出来。
to address these problems.
解决这些问题。
that if there's great talent in the world,
their way to the agencies,
that actually exist
in the first place.
notes among themselves
彼此之间的笔记,
is the best, most wired
是最好的,最努力的,
but that's, again, impossible.
但这是不可能的。
500 screenplays in a year,
of what's out there.
you tend to default to conventional wisdom
你会自动默认传统智慧中
dealing with reproductive reality
生育现实的喜剧
isn't viable in the domestic marketplace
outside of India.
is a very narrow groups of writers
来自于已经在好莱坞
to living and working in Hollywood,
representation in the business,
band of stories.
that that's where I found myself in 2005.
那是在2005年我发现自己所处的境地。
above Sunset Boulevard,
那间办公室里,
anonymized bookstore,
but bad scripts for months.
finding good scripts,
weekly phone calls,
每周给我打电话,
entrance exam scores were still valid
是否仍然有效,
pay more attention to.
on vacation for two weeks,
when it is your job,
at my office, I made a list
我做了一份清单,
lunch, dinner or drinks with
晚餐和一起喝过酒,
and I sent them an anonymous email.
我给他们发了一封匿名电邮。
of your favorite screenplays
will not be in theaters
about the screenplay this year.
that would be the next great blockbuster,
that will win the Academy Award,
大作的呼吁,
that their bosses loved
钟爱的剧本
for people to speak their minds
is increasingly rare.
I emailed anonymously responded.
邮件的人都回应了。
actually emailed to participate
have the jobs they claimed to have.
他们声称拥有的工作。
into a spreadsheet,
output it to PowerPoint,
from that anonymous email address
during the anti-communist hysteria
反共狂潮中失去事业
had a negative connotation.
I pulled out a chair by the pool,
我在泳池旁边拉出一把椅子,
and found, to my shock and joy,
我惊喜 地发现,
were actually quite good.
business center to check my email.
停下来检查我的邮件。
that I had created anonymously
several dozen times,
that everyone had said that they loved,
因为他人的喜爱,
loving them themselves.
也喜欢上了它们。
that I can't actually say here,
我不能这儿说,
about their scripts
Hollywood rule of omertà
不成文的“默尔塔法则”,
away from doing that before
it being so early in my career.
因为那是我职业生涯的早期。
that A: I would never tell anybody
A:我永远不告诉任何人
something even more bizarre happened.
更奇怪的事情发生了。
from another writer's agent.
to the call about "Superstorm":
was the way the call ended.
then told me, and I quote,
告诉我,我引用下,
on really good authority
但是我非常确信
on next year's Black List."
黑名单上的头号脚本。“
this thing that I had made anonymously
黑名单,这个我匿名做的
included on a list of beloved screenplays.
sort of staring out the window,
盯着窗外,
and general giddiness.
that I had created
to read over the holidays.
as the person who had created it --
我是它的创作者--
I've done it every year since 2005.
自2005年以来我每年都做了。
this agent was exactly right.
经纪人是完全正确的。
of a script's value,
had previously anticipated.
whose scripts were on that list
that violated the assumptions
and "Little Miss Sunshine"
about Michael Jackson's chimpanzee.
迈克尔·杰克逊的黑猩猩的电影。
that I pause here for a second
for the success of any of those movies.
I didn't produce them, I didn't gaff them,
我也没有参与制作,我也不是灯光师,
the credit for that success,
the way people looked at them.
if the conventional wisdom was correct.
on that list that would have gotten made
在清单上的有些电影
that definitely would not have.
很多剧本进入制作阶段,
a lot of them into production,
screenplays on the Black List
for 300 Academy Awards,
have gone to scripts from the Black List,
有4部来自黑名单的剧本,
have gone to scripts from the Black List.
有10项来自黑名单。
about 25 billion dollars
of millions of people
when they leave their homes,
and the lights go down.
of post-theatrical environments
let's be honest, illegal downloads.
doubled down on this notion
was not where we expected to find it,
我们预料得到的地方,
that would allow anybody on earth
an English-language screenplay
of film-industry professionals.
电影行业专业人士。
in the five years since its launch,
证明了这个观点。
have found representation,
已经找到了代表,
已经制作了他们的电影,
in the last three years,
psychological decline,
大卫·奥伊罗是唯一出现在
is the only one on screen
and two Emmy Awards.
that more than a dozen writers
因为这个网站而被发现的
on this end-of-year annual list,
number one writers.
about screenwriting merit --
传统智慧 --
because as I mentioned before,
因为正如我之前提到,
movies to make and making them,
on conventional wisdom.
to even greater consequence.
don't sell overseas.
but men won't see themselves in women.
但男人不会从女人中看到自己。
about women over 40.
to a very narrow idea about beauty
必须遵从我们认为
are projected 30 feet high
高的地方,灯光熄灭,
哥伦布市长大的孩子
in Columbus, Georgia?
and for how the world sees us?
意味着什么?
we all live in a state of constant triage.
一个不断筛选的状态中。
to default to conventional wisdom.
that we ask ourselves, constantly,
is all convention and no wisdom?
传统的,却无智慧的?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franklin Leonard - Film producerFranklin Leonard is a film producer, cultural commentator, professor, activist and entrepreneur.
Why you should listen
Franklin Leonard is the founder and CEO of the Black List, the company that celebrates and supports great screenwriting and the writers who do it via film production, as well as its annual survey of the best unproduced screenplays, online marketplace, live staged script readings, screenwriter labs and film culture publications. More than 400 scripts from the annual Black List survey (30 percent of its total output) have been produced as feature films, earning 250 Academy Award nominations and 50 wins, including four of the last ten Best Pictures and ten of the last twenty-two screenwriting Oscars.
Leonard has worked in feature film development at Universal Pictures and the production companies of Will Smith, Sydney Pollack and Anthony Minghella, and Leonardo DiCaprio. He has been a juror at the Sundance, Toronto, and Guanajuato Film Festivals and for the PEN Center Literary Awards. He was also a delegate and speaker at the White House's 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Nairobi, Kenya. He was one of Hollywood Reporter's "35 Under 35," Black Enterprise magazine's "40 Emerging Leaders for Our Future," The Root’s 100 Most Influential African-Americans, Fast Company’s "100 Most Creative People in Business" and was awarded the 2015 African-American Film Critics Association (AAFCA)'s Special Achievement Award for career excellence. He is an occasional commentator on the BBC and MSNBC on matters of culture, politics and race, an associate professor at the American Film institute, a trustee of PEN America, an advisor to Glitch, Inc. and a member of the Associates Branch of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences.
Franklin Leonard | Speaker | TED.com