TEDMED 2016
Carolyn Jones: A tribute to nurses
卡洛琳·琼斯: 护士赞歌
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卡洛琳·琼斯花了五年时间在美国采访、拍摄、记录护士们的故事，去到那些和国家重大公共健康问题打交道的地方。她分享了她见证的的奉献故事，赞美了那些奋斗在医疗前线的平凡英雄。
Carolyn Jones - Photographic ethnographer
Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. Full bio
Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As patients,
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身为病人，
00:13
we usually remember
the names of our doctors,
the names of our doctors,
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我们通常记住了医生的名字，
00:17
but often we forget
the names of our nurses.
the names of our nurses.
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但常常忘了护士的名字。
00:21
I remember one.
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我记得一个。
00:23
I had breast cancer a few years ago,
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几年前我得了乳腺癌，
00:25
and somehow I managed
to get through the surgeries
to get through the surgeries
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我挺过了几个手术，
00:29
and the beginning
of the treatment just fine.
of the treatment just fine.
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并且治疗刚开始也不错。
00:31
I could hide what was going on.
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我可以装作什么事都没发生。
00:34
Everybody didn't really have to know.
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不是所有人都要知道的。
00:36
I could walk my daughter to school,
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我可以送我女儿去学校。
00:38
I could go out to dinner with my husband;
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我可以和我丈夫一起外出就餐。
00:40
I could fool people.
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我可以骗过人们。
00:42
But then my chemo was scheduled to begin
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但是当化疗提上日程之时，
00:45
and that terrified me
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我害怕了，
00:46
because I knew that I was going to lose
every single hair on my body
every single hair on my body
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因为我知道我将失去我身上的每一根毛发，
00:51
because of the kind of chemo
that I was going to have.
that I was going to have.
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害怕于我将要接受的化疗。
00:54
I wasn't going to be able
to pretend anymore
to pretend anymore
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我没办法再装作一切正常了。
00:56
as though everything was normal.
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00:59
I was scared.
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我害怕。
01:00
I knew what it felt like to have
everybody treating me with kid gloves,
everybody treating me with kid gloves,
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我知道被所有人小心翼翼照顾之时的感受，
01:04
and I just wanted to feel normal.
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而我只想被正常对待。
01:06
I had a port installed in my chest.
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我的心中有了一桩心事。
01:08
I went to my first day of chemotherapy,
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我第一天去化疗的时候，
01:11
and I was an emotional wreck.
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我近乎崩溃了。
01:14
My nurse, Joanne, walked in the door,
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我的护士乔安走进了门，
01:17
and every bone in my body was telling
me to get up out of that chair
me to get up out of that chair
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我身上每一个细胞都告诉我从那个椅子上站起来，
01:21
and take for the hills.
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找个地方躲起来。
01:22
But Joanne looked at me and talked
to me like we were old friends.
to me like we were old friends.
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但是乔安看着我，和我交谈，
就像我们是老朋友一样。
就像我们是老朋友一样。
01:27
And then she asked me,
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然后她问我，
01:28
"Where'd you get your highlights done?"
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“你在哪里做的这挑染？”
01:30
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:31
And I was like, are you kidding me?
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我心想，你在开玩笑吗？
01:33
You're going to talk to me about my hair
when I'm on the verge of losing it?
when I'm on the verge of losing it?
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在我要失去头发的时候，
你居然还和我聊这个？
你居然还和我聊这个？
01:38
I was kind of angry,
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我有点生气，
01:40
and I said, "Really? Hair?"
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然后我说，“真的吗？头发？”
01:43
And with a shrug
of her shoulders she said,
of her shoulders she said,
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她耸了耸肩，说道，
01:46
"It's gonna grow back."
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“它会长回来的。”
01:48
And in that moment she said
the one thing I had overlooked,
the one thing I had overlooked,
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在那一时刻，她提及了一件我忽略的事情，
01:51
and that was that at some point,
my life would get back to normal.
my life would get back to normal.
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那就是在某个时刻，我的生活会回归正常。
01:55
She really believed that.
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她真的这么认为。
01:57
And so I believed it, too.
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我也这么认为。
01:59
Now, worrying about losing your hair
when you're fighting cancer
when you're fighting cancer
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乍一看，和癌症斗争的时候
担心失去头发有点可笑，
担心失去头发有点可笑，
02:04
may seem silly at first,
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02:05
but it's not just that you're worried
about how you're going to look.
about how you're going to look.
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但那不仅仅是担心你的外貌。
02:10
It's that you're worried that everybody's
going to treat you so carefully.
going to treat you so carefully.
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你担心的是所有人都会小心翼翼的对待你。
02:14
Joanne made me feel normal
for the first time in six months.
for the first time in six months.
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在六个月里，乔安第一次让我感到了正常。
02:18
We talked about her boyfriends,
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我们谈她的男朋友，
02:20
we talked about looking
for apartments in New York City,
for apartments in New York City,
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我们谈在纽约租房子，
02:22
and we talked about my reaction
to the chemotherapy --
to the chemotherapy --
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我们谈我对化疗的反应——
02:25
all kind of mixed in together.
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乱七八糟的都有。
02:28
And I always wondered,
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我总是在想，
02:30
how did she so instinctively
know just how to talk to me?
know just how to talk to me?
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她是怎么知道如何和我聊天的？
02:35
Joanne Staha and my admiration for her
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乔安·斯塔和我对于她的崇敬
02:38
marked the beginning of my journey
into the world of nurses.
into the world of nurses.
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标志着我在护士世界旅程的开始。
02:43
A few years later,
I was asked to do a project
I was asked to do a project
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几年之后，我应邀负责一个项目，
02:45
that would celebrate
the work that nurses do.
the work that nurses do.
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这个项目就是为了歌颂护士的工作。
02:49
I started with Joanne,
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我从乔安开始，
02:50
and I met over 100 nurses
across the country.
across the country.
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拜访了全国超过100个护士。
02:54
I spent five years interviewing,
photographing and filming nurses
photographing and filming nurses
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五年内，为了一本书和一部记录片，
02:59
for a book and a documentary film.
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我采访护士，给她们拍照、录像。
03:02
With my team,
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和我的团队一起，
03:03
we mapped a trip across America
that would take us to places
that would take us to places
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我们规划路线，去了美国许多地方，
03:07
dealing with some of the biggest
public health issues facing our nation --
public health issues facing our nation --
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在那里，人们正在解决我们国家面临的
几个最大的公共卫生问题——
几个最大的公共卫生问题——
03:12
aging, war, poverty, prisons.
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老龄化、战争、贫困、犯罪。
03:16
And then we went places
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我们还去了一些地方，
03:18
where we would find
the largest concentration of patients
the largest concentration of patients
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那里有很多很多的病人，
03:22
dealing with those issues.
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他们正在与这些问题抗争。
03:24
Then we asked hospitals and facilities
to nominate nurses
to nominate nurses
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然后，我们请医院等机构推荐了
最能够代表他们的护士。
最能够代表他们的护士。
03:28
who would best represent them.
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03:30
One of the first nurses I met
was Bridget Kumbella.
was Bridget Kumbella.
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我遇见的前几个护士之一是布里奇·昆贝拉。
03:34
Bridget was born in Cameroon,
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布里奇生于喀麦隆，
03:35
the oldest of four children.
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是四个孩子中最年长的那个。
03:38
Her father was at work
when he had fallen from the fourth floor
when he had fallen from the fourth floor
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她的父亲在工作时从四楼掉了下来，
03:42
and really hurt his back.
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背部伤的很重。
03:44
And he talked a lot about what it was like
to be flat on your back
to be flat on your back
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他聊了很多关于当人平躺时的感觉，
03:48
and not get the kind
of care that you need.
of care that you need.
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还有没有得到需要的照料。
03:51
And that propelled Bridget
to go into the profession of nursing.
to go into the profession of nursing.
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这促使布里奇进入护理行业。
03:56
Now, as a nurse in the Bronx,
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现在，身为一名在布朗的护士，
03:57
she has a really diverse group
of patients that she cares for,
of patients that she cares for,
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她要照顾各种各样的病人，
04:01
from all walks of life,
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他们来自各行各业，
04:03
and from all different religions.
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而且他们的信仰也不尽相同。
04:05
And she's devoted her career
to understanding the impact
to understanding the impact
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而她致力于从我们自身健康的角度
04:09
of our cultural differences
when it comes to our health.
when it comes to our health.
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理解文化差异带来的影响。
04:14
She spoke of a patient --
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她说起一个病人——
04:15
a Native American patient that she had --
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一个印第安人——
04:18
that wanted to bring
a bunch of feathers into the ICU.
a bunch of feathers into the ICU.
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想带着一束羽毛进入ICU。
04:23
That's how he found spiritual comfort.
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那是他找到心灵安慰的方法。
04:26
And she spoke of advocating for him
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她说道为他申辩：
04:28
and said that patients come
from all different religions
from all different religions
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病人有着不同的宗教信仰，
04:31
and use all different kinds
of objects for comfort;
of objects for comfort;
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采用不同的方法寻找慰藉；
04:35
whether it's a holy rosary
or a symbolic feather,
or a symbolic feather,
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不论是圣玫瑰还是羽饰，
04:38
it all needs to be supported.
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我们都应支持尊重。
04:41
This is Jason Short.
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这是詹森·沙瓦特。
04:43
Jason is a home health nurse
in the Appalachian mountains,
in the Appalachian mountains,
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詹森是阿巴拉契亚山脉上的一名男家庭保健护士，
04:46
and his dad had a gas station
and a repair shop when he was growing up.
and a repair shop when he was growing up.
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在他小时候，他父亲经营着一个加油站和修理铺。
04:50
So he worked on cars in the community
that he now serves as a nurse.
that he now serves as a nurse.
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所以他原来在社区里和车子打交道，
而现在他是个护士。
而现在他是个护士。
04:55
When he was in college,
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他在大学时，
04:56
it was just not macho at all
to become a nurse,
to become a nurse,
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当一名护士被认为没有男子气概，
05:00
so he avoided it for years.
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所以他多年来没有动过这个念头。
05:02
He drove trucks for a little while,
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他开了一会儿卡车，
05:04
but his life path was always
pulling him back to nursing.
pulling him back to nursing.
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但是他的人生轨迹总将他拽回到护士这条道路上。
05:10
As a nurse in the Appalachian mountains,
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作为在阿巴拉契亚山脉上的一名护士，
05:12
Jason goes places
that an ambulance can't even get to.
that an ambulance can't even get to.
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詹森常常去到那些救护车没法到达的地方。
05:16
In this photograph,
he's standing in what used to be a road.
he's standing in what used to be a road.
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这张照片里，他站在曾经是条路的地方。
05:20
Top of the mountain mining
flooded that road,
flooded that road,
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山顶的石头吞噬了道路，
05:22
and now the only way
for Jason to get to the patient
for Jason to get to the patient
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现在詹森去到患有黑肺病患者家里的唯一途径
05:26
living in that house
with black lung disease
with black lung disease
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05:29
is to drive his SUV
against the current up that creek.
against the current up that creek.
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只有开着他的SUV逆溪流而上。
05:34
The day I was with him,
we ripped the front fender off the car.
we ripped the front fender off the car.
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我和他在一起的那天，车的前挡板坏了。
05:38
The next morning he got up,
put the car on the lift,
put the car on the lift,
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第二天早上他醒来，将车用千斤顶顶起来，
05:41
fixed the fender,
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修理挡板，
05:42
and then headed out
to meet his next patient.
to meet his next patient.
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然后径直去拜访他的下一个病人。
05:45
I witnessed Jason
caring for this gentleman
caring for this gentleman
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我见证了詹森是如此关爱的去照顾那个病人，
05:48
with such enormous compassion,
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05:51
and I was struck again by how intimate
the work of nursing really is.
the work of nursing really is.
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而且我也再次惊讶于护士工作的亲密性。
05:58
When I met Brian McMillion, he was raw.
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当我遇到布莱恩·麦克米龙时，他刚回来。
06:01
He had just come back from a deployment
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他从部队派遣回来，
06:03
and he hadn't really settled back in
to life in San Diego yet.
to life in San Diego yet.
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他还没真正在圣地亚哥安定下来。
06:08
He talked about his experience
of being a nurse in Germany
of being a nurse in Germany
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他谈起了他在德国当护士的经历，
06:11
and taking care of the soldiers
coming right off the battlefield.
coming right off the battlefield.
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以及照顾刚从战场上下来的士兵。
06:15
Very often, he would be
the first person they would see
the first person they would see
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他经常是士兵们在医院
06:19
when they opened
their eyes in the hospital.
their eyes in the hospital.
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睁开眼睛时看到的第一个人。
06:22
And they would look at him
as they were lying there,
as they were lying there,
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他们躺着，失去了肢干，
06:25
missing limbs,
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看着他，
06:26
and the first thing they would say is,
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说的第一件事是，
06:29
"When can I go back?
I left my brothers out there."
I left my brothers out there."
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“我什么时候才可以回去？我的兄弟还在那。”
06:34
And Brian would have to say,
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布莱恩会说，
06:35
"You're not going anywhere.
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“你哪里都不会去。
06:37
You've already given enough, brother."
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你已经奉献了太多，兄弟。”
06:40
Brian is both a nurse and a soldier
who's seen combat.
who's seen combat.
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布莱恩是一名护士，也是一名见证了战斗的战士。
06:45
So that puts him in a unique position
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所以他能够设身处地，
06:47
to be able to relate to and help heal
the veterans in his care.
the veterans in his care.
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和他照顾的老兵有所联系，并帮助治疗他们。
06:53
This is Sister Stephen,
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这是史蒂芬修女，
06:55
and she runs a nursing home
in Wisconsin called Villa Loretto.
in Wisconsin called Villa Loretto.
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她在威斯康辛一个叫洛伦塔村的地方
开了一家疗养院。
开了一家疗养院。
06:59
And the entire circle of life
can be found under her roof.
can be found under her roof.
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这个地方见证了她的一生。
07:03
She grew up wishing they lived on a farm,
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她小时候希望她家能住在农场上，
07:06
so given the opportunity
to adopt local farm animals,
to adopt local farm animals,
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所以一有机会收养当地的农场动物，
07:11
she enthusiastically brings them in.
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她就会十分热情的带它们回家。
07:14
And in the springtime,
those animals have babies.
those animals have babies.
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春天，动物们有了宝宝。
07:17
And Sister Stephen uses
those baby ducks, goats and lambs
those baby ducks, goats and lambs
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史蒂芬修女用那些鸭宝宝、羊宝宝
07:22
as animal therapy
for the residents at Villa Loretto
for the residents at Villa Loretto
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给洛伦塔里那些有时不能记住自己名字的人
07:27
who sometimes can't
remember their own name,
remember their own name,
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做动物治疗，
07:30
but they do rejoice
in the holding of a baby lamb.
in the holding of a baby lamb.
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但是他们确实享受抱着羊宝宝的时刻。
07:35
The day I was with Sister Stephen,
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我和史蒂芬修女在一起的那天，
07:37
I needed to take her away
from Villa Loretto
from Villa Loretto
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我需要带她离开洛伦塔村
07:39
to film part of her story.
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去拍摄她故事的一部分。
07:41
And before we left,
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在我们离开前，
07:42
she went into the room of a dying patient.
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她走进了一个将死病人的屋子。
07:46
And she leaned over and she said,
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她靠过去，说到，
07:48
"I have to go away for the day,
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“我要离开一天，
07:51
but if Jesus calls you,
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但如果耶稣呼唤了你，
07:53
you go.
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你就走吧。
07:54
You go straight home to Jesus."
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你回家，去见耶稣。”
07:57
I was standing there and thinking
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我站在那里，思考着，
07:59
it was the first time in my life
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这是我人生中第一次见到
08:01
I witnessed that you could show
someone you love them completely
someone you love them completely
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你可以完全通过放手表达对他人的热爱。
08:06
by letting go.
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08:08
We don't have to hold on so tightly.
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我们不需要抓紧不放。
08:11
I saw more life rolled up at Villa Loretto
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我在洛伦塔村见证了比在其他任何地方，
08:15
than I have ever seen at any other time
at any other place in my life.
at any other place in my life.
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任何时间都要多的离世。
08:21
We live in a complicated time
when it comes to our health care.
when it comes to our health care.
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谈及医疗保健时，我们生活在一个复杂的时代。
08:25
It's easy to lose sight
of the need for quality of life,
of the need for quality of life,
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我们非常容易忽视生命的质量，
08:29
not just quantity of life.
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而不仅仅是生命的数量。
08:32
As new life-saving
technologies are created,
technologies are created,
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当新的救命技术被发明出来时，
08:35
we're going to have really
complicated decisions to make.
complicated decisions to make.
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我们面临着十分复杂的选择。
08:39
These technologies often save lives,
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这些技术往往拯救了生命，
08:42
but they can also prolong pain
and the dying process.
and the dying process.
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但是它们也会延长死亡带来的痛苦。
08:47
How in the world are we supposed
to navigate these waters?
to navigate these waters?
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我们应该怎么引导这些技术？
08:50
We're going to need
all the help we can get.
all the help we can get.
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我们需要我们所能得到的所有帮助。
08:53
Nurses have a really unique
relationship with us
relationship with us
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护士因为在我们床边度过的时间，
08:57
because of the time spent at bedside.
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和我们有着独特的关系。
09:00
During that time,
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在那段时间，
09:02
a kind of emotional intimacy develops.
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情感上的亲近油然而生。
09:06
This past summer, on August 9,
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今年暑假，八月九号，
09:09
my father died of a heart attack.
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我的父亲死于心脏病。
09:12
My mother was devastated,
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我的母亲十分绝望，
09:14
and she couldn't imagine
her world without him in it.
her world without him in it.
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她不能想象没有我父亲的世界。
09:19
Four days later she fell,
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四天后她摔倒了，
09:21
she broke her hip,
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摔坏了她的臀部，
09:23
she needed surgery
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需要手术，
09:24
and she found herself
fighting for her own life.
fighting for her own life.
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她发现这时她在为她自己的生命战斗。
09:28
Once again I found myself
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又一次，
09:30
on the receiving end
of the care of nurses --
of the care of nurses --
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我收到了来自护士的关怀——
09:33
this time for my mom.
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这次是为我的母亲。
09:36
My brother and my sister and I
stayed by her side
stayed by her side
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我哥哥，我妹妹和我在ICU，
09:38
for the next three days in the ICU.
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在她身旁呆了接下来的三天。
09:41
And as we tried
to make the right decisions
to make the right decisions
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当我们尝试着做出正确的决定，
09:45
and follow my mother's wishes,
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遵循我母亲的愿望时，
09:47
we found that we were depending
upon the guidance of nurses.
upon the guidance of nurses.
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我们发现我们正依赖于护士的指引。
09:52
And once again,
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又一次，
09:53
they didn't let us down.
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他们没让我们失望。
09:56
They had an amazing insight
in terms of how to care for my mom
in terms of how to care for my mom
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他们对如何在我母亲生命的最后四天
10:01
in the last four days of her life.
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照顾她有着惊人的认识。
10:03
They brought her comfort
and relief from pain.
and relief from pain.
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他们给她带来慰藉，消除痛苦。
10:08
They knew to encourage my sister and I
to put a pretty nightgown on my mom,
to put a pretty nightgown on my mom,
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他们知道要鼓励我妹妹和我
给我母亲穿上美丽的晚礼服，
给我母亲穿上美丽的晚礼服，
10:13
long after it mattered to her,
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或许对她不重要，
10:15
but it sure meant a lot to us.
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但对我们来说很重要。
10:19
And they knew to come and wake me up
just in time for my mom's last breath.
just in time for my mom's last breath.
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他们知道在我母亲快不行时过来叫醒我。
10:25
And then they knew
how long to leave me in the room
how long to leave me in the room
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他们知道在我母亲离世时，
10:28
with my mother after she died.
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过多久离开房间让我和母亲单独在一起。
10:30
I have no idea how they know these things,
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我不知道他们怎么知道这些事情的，
10:34
but I do know that I am eternally grateful
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但是我知道我将永远心怀感激，
10:37
that they've guided me once again.
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感激他们又一次的引导了我。
10:40
Thank you so very much.
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非常感谢。
10:42
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Jones - Photographic ethnographerCarolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern.
Why you should listen
Best known for her socially proactive photographs and documentary films, Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. From people "living positively" with AIDS to women artisans supporting entire communities and nurses on the front lines of our health care system, Carolyn Jones has devoted her career to celebrating invisible populations and breaking down barriers.
Jones has spent the past five years interviewing more than 150 nurses from every corner of the US in an effort to better understand the role of nurses in this country's healthcare system. She published the critically-acclaimed book The American Nurse: Photographs and Interviews by Carolyn Jones, for which she was interviewed on PBS NewsHour and featured in the New York Times, the Washington Post and USA Today. She directed and executive-produced the follow-up documentary film The American Nurse: Healing America, which was released in theaters nationwide and was an official selection of the 2015 American Film Showcase, a cultural diplomacy program of the US Department of State.
Jones has spent her career focused on telling personal stories, and her first introduction to nursing was through a very personal experience of her own, when it was a nurse who helped her get through breast cancer. That experience stuck with her, so when she started working on the American Nurse Project in 2011, she was determined to paint a rich and dynamic portrait of the profession. The goal was to cover as much territory as possible, with the hope that along the way she would capture stories touching on the kinds of issues that nurses are dealing with in every corner of the country. The project explores the American experiences of health care, poverty, childbirth, war, imprisonment and the end of life through the lens of nursing.
Prior to The American Nurse, her most widely acclaimed book, Living Proof: Courage in the Face of AIDS, was published by Abbeville Press and was accompanied by shows in Tokyo, Berlin, the USA, and at the United Nations World AIDS Conference. In addition to her multiple exhibitions, book and magazine publications, Jones has collaborated on projects with Oxygen Media, PBS and the Girl Scouts of the USA. She founded the non-profit 100 People Foundation for which she travels the world telling stories that celebrate our global neighbors. As a lecturer, Jones has spoken at conferences, universities and events around the globe. In 2012 she was honored as one of 50 "Everyday Heroes" in the book of that title for her work with the 100 People Foundation.
Jones' career was punctuated by two brushes with death: first, running out of gas in the Sahara as a racecar driver, and second, a breast cancer diagnosis. Her newest project, the forthcoming documentary Defining Hope, is the culmination of a journey investigating how we can make better end-of-life choices.
Carolyn Jones | Speaker | TED.com