TEDMED 2016
Carolyn Jones: A tribute to nurses
卡洛琳・瓊斯: 一闕獻給護士的頌詞
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卡洛琳・瓊斯花了五年的時間，橫跨美國各地，針對護士進行訪問、拍照和攝影，探討美國最大的公共健康議題；把她個人堅定不移的奉獻經歷與大家分享，並向那些每天站在第一線執行健康照護工作的英雄們，致上她的敬意。
Carolyn Jones - Photographic ethnographer
Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. Full bio
Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As patients,
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身為病人，
00:13
we usually remember
the names of our doctors,
the names of our doctors,
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通常大家只會記住醫生的名字，
00:17
but often we forget
the names of our nurses.
the names of our nurses.
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而常常忘記護士的名字。
00:21
I remember one.
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我就記住了一位。
00:23
I had breast cancer a few years ago,
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幾年前我罹患了乳癌，
00:25
and somehow I managed
to get through the surgeries
to get through the surgeries
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我總算把手術熬過去，
00:29
and the beginning
of the treatment just fine.
of the treatment just fine.
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而且治療在開始時還算順利。
00:31
I could hide what was going on.
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我其實可以隱瞞當中發生的事，
00:34
Everybody didn't really have to know.
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沒有必要讓任何人知道。
00:36
I could walk my daughter to school,
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我可以走路陪女兒上學，
00:38
I could go out to dinner with my husband;
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我可以陪丈夫去外面吃晚餐；
00:40
I could fool people.
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我可以欺騙大家。
00:42
But then my chemo was scheduled to begin
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可是我的化療在預定時間開始時，
00:45
and that terrified me
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真的讓我嚇到了，
00:46
because I knew that I was going to lose
every single hair on my body
every single hair on my body
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因為我知道
我將會失去身上所有的毛髮，
我將會失去身上所有的毛髮，
00:51
because of the kind of chemo
that I was going to have.
that I was going to have.
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這是由於我接受的化療種類造成的。
00:54
I wasn't going to be able
to pretend anymore
to pretend anymore
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我沒辦法繼續裝作一切如常。
00:56
as though everything was normal.
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00:59
I was scared.
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我當時很害怕。
01:00
I knew what it felt like to have
everybody treating me with kid gloves,
everybody treating me with kid gloves,
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我懂得那種被所有人
小心翼翼對待的感覺，
小心翼翼對待的感覺，
01:04
and I just wanted to feel normal.
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而我只希望跟平常一樣。
01:06
I had a port installed in my chest.
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當時我胸口放了一條人工血管。
01:08
I went to my first day of chemotherapy,
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第一天去做化療的時候，
01:11
and I was an emotional wreck.
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我的情緒崩潰了。
01:14
My nurse, Joanne, walked in the door,
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我的護士喬安妮走進房間，
01:17
and every bone in my body was telling
me to get up out of that chair
me to get up out of that chair
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我骨子裡只想站起來離開座椅，
01:21
and take for the hills.
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然後逃到山上去。
01:22
But Joanne looked at me and talked
to me like we were old friends.
to me like we were old friends.
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但是喬安妮看著我，
把我當成老朋友一樣跟我說話。
把我當成老朋友一樣跟我說話。
01:27
And then she asked me,
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然後她問我：
01:28
"Where'd you get your highlights done?"
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你是在哪裡給頭髮挑染？
01:30
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:31
And I was like, are you kidding me?
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我的反應就像說；你在開玩笑嗎？
01:33
You're going to talk to me about my hair
when I'm on the verge of losing it?
when I'm on the verge of losing it?
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在我就要喪失頭髮的時候，
你還要談我頭髮的事？
你還要談我頭髮的事？
01:38
I was kind of angry,
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當時我有點不高興，
01:40
and I said, "Really? Hair?"
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我回答她說：「沒搞錯吧？頭髮？」
01:43
And with a shrug
of her shoulders she said,
of her shoulders she said,
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她聳聳肩膀說：
01:46
"It's gonna grow back."
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「還是會再長回來的。」
01:48
And in that moment she said
the one thing I had overlooked,
the one thing I had overlooked,
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在那一瞬間，她說出了
我之前忽略掉的事，
我之前忽略掉的事，
01:51
and that was that at some point,
my life would get back to normal.
my life would get back to normal.
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那就是我的人生
在某一刻會恢復正常。
在某一刻會恢復正常。
01:55
She really believed that.
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她真的相信這樣。
01:57
And so I believed it, too.
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於是我也跟著相信了。
01:59
Now, worrying about losing your hair
when you're fighting cancer
when you're fighting cancer
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在與癌症奮戰時卻擔心失去頭髮，
最初看起來好像很愚蠢，
最初看起來好像很愚蠢，
02:04
may seem silly at first,
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02:05
but it's not just that you're worried
about how you're going to look.
about how you're going to look.
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但其實這不只關乎擔心外表如何。
02:10
It's that you're worried that everybody's
going to treat you so carefully.
going to treat you so carefully.
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這關乎擔心每個人都會
很細心地照顧你。
很細心地照顧你。
02:14
Joanne made me feel normal
for the first time in six months.
for the first time in six months.
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喬安妮使我在六個月以來
首次感到正常。
首次感到正常。
02:18
We talked about her boyfriends,
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我們聊她的男朋友，
02:20
we talked about looking
for apartments in New York City,
for apartments in New York City,
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討論有關在紐約市尋找公寓的事，
02:22
and we talked about my reaction
to the chemotherapy --
to the chemotherapy --
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我們也聊到我對化療的反應，
02:25
all kind of mixed in together.
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甚麼話題都一併去聊。
02:28
And I always wondered,
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我總是想知道，
02:30
how did she so instinctively
know just how to talk to me?
know just how to talk to me?
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她怎麼本能地知道怎樣跟我交談？
02:35
Joanne Staha and my admiration for her
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喬安妮．斯塔哈和我對她的景仰，
02:38
marked the beginning of my journey
into the world of nurses.
into the world of nurses.
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使我展開進入護士世界的探索之旅。
02:43
A few years later,
I was asked to do a project
I was asked to do a project
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幾年後，我被要求進行一個計劃，
02:45
that would celebrate
the work that nurses do.
the work that nurses do.
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主題是讚揚護士的工作。
02:49
I started with Joanne,
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我就先從喬安妮着手，
02:50
and I met over 100 nurses
across the country.
across the country.
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然後我遊走全國
跟 100 多位護士見面。
跟 100 多位護士見面。
02:54
I spent five years interviewing,
photographing and filming nurses
photographing and filming nurses
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我利用五年的時間，
對護士進行面談，拍照和攝影，
對護士進行面談，拍照和攝影，
02:59
for a book and a documentary film.
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用來寫書並製作紀錄片。
03:02
With my team,
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我和我的團隊一起
安排橫跨美國的路程，
安排橫跨美國的路程，
03:03
we mapped a trip across America
that would take us to places
that would take us to places
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去一些正在面臨
龐大公共衞生問題的地方：
龐大公共衞生問題的地方：
03:07
dealing with some of the biggest
public health issues facing our nation --
public health issues facing our nation --
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03:12
aging, war, poverty, prisons.
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人口老化、戰爭、貧窮、牢獄。
03:16
And then we went places
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然後我們訪問最多病人集中、
處理這些問題的地方。
處理這些問題的地方。
03:18
where we would find
the largest concentration of patients
the largest concentration of patients
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03:22
dealing with those issues.
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03:24
Then we asked hospitals and facilities
to nominate nurses
to nominate nurses
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然後我們請求醫院和相關單位
提名最能代表他們的護士。
提名最能代表他們的護士。
03:28
who would best represent them.
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03:30
One of the first nurses I met
was Bridget Kumbella.
was Bridget Kumbella.
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其中一位我見過面的護士
名叫布莉姬．坎培拉。
名叫布莉姬．坎培拉。
03:34
Bridget was born in Cameroon,
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布莉姬出生在喀麥隆，
03:35
the oldest of four children.
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是四個小孩中的老大。
03:38
Her father was at work
when he had fallen from the fourth floor
when he had fallen from the fourth floor
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她的父親在工作期間從四樓掉下來，
03:42
and really hurt his back.
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背部傷勢嚴重。
03:44
And he talked a lot about what it was like
to be flat on your back
to be flat on your back
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他提到很多關於臥床、
沒有受到必要護理照顧的那種感覺，
沒有受到必要護理照顧的那種感覺，
03:48
and not get the kind
of care that you need.
of care that you need.
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03:51
And that propelled Bridget
to go into the profession of nursing.
to go into the profession of nursing.
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這驅使布莉姬投身護士專業。
03:56
Now, as a nurse in the Bronx,
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現時她在布朗克斯區當護士，
03:57
she has a really diverse group
of patients that she cares for,
of patients that she cares for,
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必須照顧很多不同種類的病人，
04:01
from all walks of life,
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他們來自各行各業，
04:03
and from all different religions.
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也各有不同宗教信仰。
04:05
And she's devoted her career
to understanding the impact
to understanding the impact
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她全程投入在事業中
以了解文化差異對健康的影響。
以了解文化差異對健康的影響。
04:09
of our cultural differences
when it comes to our health.
when it comes to our health.
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04:14
She spoke of a patient --
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她談到一個病人，
04:15
a Native American patient that she had --
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她的一位美洲原住民病人，
04:18
that wanted to bring
a bunch of feathers into the ICU.
a bunch of feathers into the ICU.
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那位病人
想將大量羽毛帶入加護病房。
想將大量羽毛帶入加護病房。
04:23
That's how he found spiritual comfort.
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他這樣做才找到精神上的慰藉。
04:26
And she spoke of advocating for him
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她談到曾為他請願，
04:28
and said that patients come
from all different religions
from all different religions
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表示病人各有不同宗教信仰，
04:31
and use all different kinds
of objects for comfort;
of objects for comfort;
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使用各式各樣的物件來獲得慰藉；
04:35
whether it's a holy rosary
or a symbolic feather,
or a symbolic feather,
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無論是天主教的玫瑰念珠，
或是具有象徵意義的羽毛。
或是具有象徵意義的羽毛。
04:38
it all needs to be supported.
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都需要得到支持。
04:41
This is Jason Short.
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這一位是傑森．秀特。
04:43
Jason is a home health nurse
in the Appalachian mountains,
in the Appalachian mountains,
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傑森在阿巴拉契亞山一帶
擔任家庭保健護士，
擔任家庭保健護士，
04:46
and his dad had a gas station
and a repair shop when he was growing up.
and a repair shop when he was growing up.
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他年幼時父親經營加油站和修理廠。
04:50
So he worked on cars in the community
that he now serves as a nurse.
that he now serves as a nurse.
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所以他在社區當護士前
是從事汽車修理。
是從事汽車修理。
04:55
When he was in college,
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當他在讀大學的時候，
04:56
it was just not macho at all
to become a nurse,
to become a nurse,
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當護士簡直一點男子氣概也沒有，
05:00
so he avoided it for years.
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所以他抗拒當護士好幾年。
05:02
He drove trucks for a little while,
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他開了一段時間的卡車，
05:04
but his life path was always
pulling him back to nursing.
pulling him back to nursing.
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但是他的人生路途
總是把他拉回到護士行業。
總是把他拉回到護士行業。
05:10
As a nurse in the Appalachian mountains,
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作為阿巴拉契亞山地區的
家庭保健護士，
家庭保健護士，
05:12
Jason goes places
that an ambulance can't even get to.
that an ambulance can't even get to.
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傑森所到之處
甚至救護車都無法去到。
甚至救護車都無法去到。
05:16
In this photograph,
he's standing in what used to be a road.
he's standing in what used to be a road.
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在這張照片中，
他站的地方原本是一條馬路。
他站的地方原本是一條馬路。
05:20
Top of the mountain mining
flooded that road,
flooded that road,
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因為山頂挖礦，
所以馬路被土石流埋沒了，
所以馬路被土石流埋沒了，
05:22
and now the only way
for Jason to get to the patient
for Jason to get to the patient
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傑森的病人患有肺塵病，
而現在傑森往病人房子的唯一方式，
而現在傑森往病人房子的唯一方式，
05:26
living in that house
with black lung disease
with black lung disease
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05:29
is to drive his SUV
against the current up that creek.
against the current up that creek.
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就是開着他的越野休旅車
逆著溪流而上。
逆著溪流而上。
05:34
The day I was with him,
we ripped the front fender off the car.
we ripped the front fender off the car.
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那天我跟他一起，
車子的前擋泥板被掀走。
車子的前擋泥板被掀走。
05:38
The next morning he got up,
put the car on the lift,
put the car on the lift,
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第二天早上他起來後，把車頂高，
05:41
fixed the fender,
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把前擋泥板裝回去，
05:42
and then headed out
to meet his next patient.
to meet his next patient.
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然後出發去看下一位病人。
05:45
I witnessed Jason
caring for this gentleman
caring for this gentleman
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我見證了傑森充滿憐憫地
照顧這位男士，
照顧這位男士，
05:48
with such enormous compassion,
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05:51
and I was struck again by how intimate
the work of nursing really is.
the work of nursing really is.
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護士工作的無微不至
再次令我印象深刻。
再次令我印象深刻。
05:58
When I met Brian McMillion, he was raw.
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跟布萊恩．馬克米里安見面時，
他簡直棒極了。
他簡直棒極了。
06:01
He had just come back from a deployment
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他剛完成戰地派駐工作回來，
06:03
and he hadn't really settled back in
to life in San Diego yet.
to life in San Diego yet.
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在聖地牙哥的生活還未安頓下來。
06:08
He talked about his experience
of being a nurse in Germany
of being a nurse in Germany
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他談到在德國擔任護士的經驗，
06:11
and taking care of the soldiers
coming right off the battlefield.
coming right off the battlefield.
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也談到照顧從戰場回來的士兵。
06:15
Very often, he would be
the first person they would see
the first person they would see
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他們在醫院睜開眼睛後
看到的第一個人往往就是他。
看到的第一個人往往就是他。
06:19
when they opened
their eyes in the hospital.
their eyes in the hospital.
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06:22
And they would look at him
as they were lying there,
as they were lying there,
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他們躺在病床上肢體不全時望着他，
06:25
missing limbs,
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06:26
and the first thing they would say is,
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然後開口問的第一件事就是：
06:29
"When can I go back?
I left my brothers out there."
I left my brothers out there."
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「我甚麼時候可以回去？
我的弟兄還留在那裡。」
我的弟兄還留在那裡。」
06:34
And Brian would have to say,
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然後布萊恩會這麼說：
06:35
"You're not going anywhere.
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「弟兄，你哪裡都不用去。
你已經付出得夠了。」
你已經付出得夠了。」
06:37
You've already given enough, brother."
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06:40
Brian is both a nurse and a soldier
who's seen combat.
who's seen combat.
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布萊恩身兼護士和親歷戰事的士兵。
06:45
So that puts him in a unique position
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因此他的身分獨特，這讓他可以
在照料退伍軍人時明白並治癒他們。
在照料退伍軍人時明白並治癒他們。
06:47
to be able to relate to and help heal
the veterans in his care.
the veterans in his care.
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06:53
This is Sister Stephen,
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這一位是史蒂芬修女，
06:55
and she runs a nursing home
in Wisconsin called Villa Loretto.
in Wisconsin called Villa Loretto.
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她在威斯康辛州經營一家
名為「洛雷托別墅」的護理之家。
名為「洛雷托別墅」的護理之家。
06:59
And the entire circle of life
can be found under her roof.
can be found under her roof.
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整個生老病死
都可在她的屋簷下看到。
都可在她的屋簷下看到。
07:03
She grew up wishing they lived on a farm,
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她年少時一直希望他們住在農場裡，
07:06
so given the opportunity
to adopt local farm animals,
to adopt local farm animals,
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於是一有收養當地農場動物的機會，
07:11
she enthusiastically brings them in.
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她就熱切地把牠們帶進安養院。
07:14
And in the springtime,
those animals have babies.
those animals have babies.
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春天時那些動物就會生出崽子。
07:17
And Sister Stephen uses
those baby ducks, goats and lambs
those baby ducks, goats and lambs
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史蒂芬修女就會利用那些
小鴨、小山羊和小羔羊，
小鴨、小山羊和小羔羊，
07:22
as animal therapy
for the residents at Villa Loretto
for the residents at Villa Loretto
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為洛雷托別墅的住客進行動物療法；
07:27
who sometimes can't
remember their own name,
remember their own name,
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那些住客有時連自己名字也記不起，
07:30
but they do rejoice
in the holding of a baby lamb.
in the holding of a baby lamb.
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但他們抱著小山羊時確實充滿喜悅。
07:35
The day I was with Sister Stephen,
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那一天我和史蒂芬修女一起時，
07:37
I needed to take her away
from Villa Loretto
from Villa Loretto
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我要把她帶離別墅
去拍攝她的故事的其中一段。
去拍攝她的故事的其中一段。
07:39
to film part of her story.
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07:41
And before we left,
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在我們離開之前，
07:42
she went into the room of a dying patient.
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她走進一間垂死病人的房間。
07:46
And she leaned over and she said,
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她靠過去並且說：
07:48
"I have to go away for the day,
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「我今天必須離開一下，
07:51
but if Jesus calls you,
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但是假如耶穌召喚你，
07:53
you go.
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你就去吧。
07:54
You go straight home to Jesus."
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你直接回到耶穌那裡去吧。」
07:57
I was standing there and thinking
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我站在那邊思考，
07:59
it was the first time in my life
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這是我有生以來第一次目睹，
08:01
I witnessed that you could show
someone you love them completely
someone you love them completely
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原來可以透過放下，
來表達你對某人全心全意的愛。
來表達你對某人全心全意的愛。
08:06
by letting go.
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08:08
We don't have to hold on so tightly.
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我們不一定要緊抓著不放。
08:11
I saw more life rolled up at Villa Loretto
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我在洛雷托別墅所見的往生的人
08:15
than I have ever seen at any other time
at any other place in my life.
at any other place in my life.
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比我在任何時間和地方
看到的還要多。
看到的還要多。
08:21
We live in a complicated time
when it comes to our health care.
when it comes to our health care.
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談到保健，我們活在複雜的世代。
08:25
It's easy to lose sight
of the need for quality of life,
of the need for quality of life,
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人們重視壽命，
卻容易忽視對生活品質的需求。
卻容易忽視對生活品質的需求。
08:29
not just quantity of life.
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08:32
As new life-saving
technologies are created,
technologies are created,
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當救命科技推陳出新時，
08:35
we're going to have really
complicated decisions to make.
complicated decisions to make.
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我們就要作出非常複雜的決定。
08:39
These technologies often save lives,
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這些科技往往能拯救生命，
08:42
but they can also prolong pain
and the dying process.
and the dying process.
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但卻同時延長痛楚和垂死的過程。
08:47
How in the world are we supposed
to navigate these waters?
to navigate these waters?
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我們應該如何處理這些難題呢？
08:50
We're going to need
all the help we can get.
all the help we can get.
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我們必須盡其所能的去尋求協助。
08:53
Nurses have a really unique
relationship with us
relationship with us
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護士和我們的關係相當獨特，
08:57
because of the time spent at bedside.
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原因在於他們守護在床邊的時間。
09:00
During that time,
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在這段時間，
09:02
a kind of emotional intimacy develops.
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一種情感上的微妙關係油然而生。
09:06
This past summer, on August 9,
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在去年夏季八月九日，
09:09
my father died of a heart attack.
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我父親死於心臟病發。
09:12
My mother was devastated,
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我母親深受折磨，
09:14
and she couldn't imagine
her world without him in it.
her world without him in it.
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她無法想像沒有我父親存在的日子。
09:19
Four days later she fell,
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四天後，她跌倒了，
09:21
she broke her hip,
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臀部髖骨破裂，
09:23
she needed surgery
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需要動手術，
09:24
and she found herself
fighting for her own life.
fighting for her own life.
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發現只能靠自己為生存搏鬥。
09:28
Once again I found myself
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我發現自己再次站在
接受護士照料的一方，
接受護士照料的一方，
09:30
on the receiving end
of the care of nurses --
of the care of nurses --
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09:33
this time for my mom.
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而這次是為著我的母親。
09:36
My brother and my sister and I
stayed by her side
stayed by her side
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我和弟妹在及後三天
留在加護病房守候她。
留在加護病房守候她。
09:38
for the next three days in the ICU.
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09:41
And as we tried
to make the right decisions
to make the right decisions
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正當我們嘗試遵從母親的意願
去做出正確的決定時，
去做出正確的決定時，
09:45
and follow my mother's wishes,
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09:47
we found that we were depending
upon the guidance of nurses.
upon the guidance of nurses.
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我們才發覺
原來一直倚賴護士的指引。
原來一直倚賴護士的指引。
09:52
And once again,
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他們再一次沒讓我們失望。
09:53
they didn't let us down.
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09:56
They had an amazing insight
in terms of how to care for my mom
in terms of how to care for my mom
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他們在母親臨終前四天照料她時
表現出超卓的洞察力。
表現出超卓的洞察力。
10:01
in the last four days of her life.
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10:03
They brought her comfort
and relief from pain.
and relief from pain.
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他們使她舒適自在，為她減輕痛苦。
10:08
They knew to encourage my sister and I
to put a pretty nightgown on my mom,
to put a pretty nightgown on my mom,
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他們懂得如何鼓勵我和妹妹
去替母親換上一件漂亮的睡衣；
去替母親換上一件漂亮的睡衣；
10:13
long after it mattered to her,
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雖然這對她來說不再重要了，
10:15
but it sure meant a lot to us.
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但對我們來說肯定意義重大。
10:19
And they knew to come and wake me up
just in time for my mom's last breath.
just in time for my mom's last breath.
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他們知道在母親呼出最後一口氣前
及時過來喚醒我們。
及時過來喚醒我們。
10:25
And then they knew
how long to leave me in the room
how long to leave me in the room
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他們也知道預留多少時間，
讓我留在房間裡陪著剛逝去的母親。
讓我留在房間裡陪著剛逝去的母親。
10:28
with my mother after she died.
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10:30
I have no idea how they know these things,
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我無從了解他們如何懂得這些竅門，
10:34
but I do know that I am eternally grateful
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但我肯定知道
自己永遠感激她們再次給我指引。
自己永遠感激她們再次給我指引。
10:37
that they've guided me once again.
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10:40
Thank you so very much.
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非常感謝大家。
10:42
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Jones - Photographic ethnographerCarolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern.
Why you should listen
Best known for her socially proactive photographs and documentary films, Carolyn Jones creates projects that point our attention towards issues of global concern. From people "living positively" with AIDS to women artisans supporting entire communities and nurses on the front lines of our health care system, Carolyn Jones has devoted her career to celebrating invisible populations and breaking down barriers.
Jones has spent the past five years interviewing more than 150 nurses from every corner of the US in an effort to better understand the role of nurses in this country's healthcare system. She published the critically-acclaimed book The American Nurse: Photographs and Interviews by Carolyn Jones, for which she was interviewed on PBS NewsHour and featured in the New York Times, the Washington Post and USA Today. She directed and executive-produced the follow-up documentary film The American Nurse: Healing America, which was released in theaters nationwide and was an official selection of the 2015 American Film Showcase, a cultural diplomacy program of the US Department of State.
Jones has spent her career focused on telling personal stories, and her first introduction to nursing was through a very personal experience of her own, when it was a nurse who helped her get through breast cancer. That experience stuck with her, so when she started working on the American Nurse Project in 2011, she was determined to paint a rich and dynamic portrait of the profession. The goal was to cover as much territory as possible, with the hope that along the way she would capture stories touching on the kinds of issues that nurses are dealing with in every corner of the country. The project explores the American experiences of health care, poverty, childbirth, war, imprisonment and the end of life through the lens of nursing.
Prior to The American Nurse, her most widely acclaimed book, Living Proof: Courage in the Face of AIDS, was published by Abbeville Press and was accompanied by shows in Tokyo, Berlin, the USA, and at the United Nations World AIDS Conference. In addition to her multiple exhibitions, book and magazine publications, Jones has collaborated on projects with Oxygen Media, PBS and the Girl Scouts of the USA. She founded the non-profit 100 People Foundation for which she travels the world telling stories that celebrate our global neighbors. As a lecturer, Jones has spoken at conferences, universities and events around the globe. In 2012 she was honored as one of 50 "Everyday Heroes" in the book of that title for her work with the 100 People Foundation.
Jones' career was punctuated by two brushes with death: first, running out of gas in the Sahara as a racecar driver, and second, a breast cancer diagnosis. Her newest project, the forthcoming documentary Defining Hope, is the culmination of a journey investigating how we can make better end-of-life choices.
Carolyn Jones | Speaker | TED.com