TED Residency
Duarte Geraldino: What we're missing in the debate about immigration
Duarte Geraldino: 我们错过了什么--当我们谈论移民？
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在2008和2016年间， 美国政府驱除超过300万人。在他们身后发生了什么？记者Duarte Geraldino 谈到几个驱除离境故事，解释突然离去的母亲，当地商人或者高校学生的案件如何波及我们的紧密连接的社会关系。
Duarte Geraldino - Journalist
Duarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation. Full bio
Duarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So, Ma was trying to explain
something to me
something to me
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母亲试图向我介绍
00:15
about Grandma and when they grew up,
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关于祖母和她们的过去
00:17
but I couldn't pay attention to her
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但我没有兴趣
00:19
because I was five years old,
and I was petrified.
and I was petrified.
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因为我只有5岁，而且吓坏了
00:21
I had just seen The Green Lady.
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刚看完“绿魔女”
00:24
Now, about a week earlier,
I'd watched that movie "Godzilla,"
I'd watched that movie "Godzilla,"
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一周前，我看了电影“哥斯拉”
00:27
the one about that huge lizard-like beast
storming a major city,
storming a major city,
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巨蜥野兽冲击一个主要城市
00:31
and the thought of a green monster
coming for me was stuck in my mind.
coming for me was stuck in my mind.
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绿色怪物在我脑中挥之不去
00:35
And yet there I was,
at the tip of Lower Manhattan with my mom,
at the tip of Lower Manhattan with my mom,
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而我和母亲住在下曼哈顿一端
00:39
just staring at her:
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看着她
00:40
her horns,
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她的犄角
00:42
her muscles --
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她的肌肉
00:43
all of it just frightened me.
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所有一切让我害怕
00:44
And I didn't know
whether she was a monster or a hero.
whether she was a monster or a hero.
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不知道她是怪兽还是英雄
00:49
So I decided to consult
the Google of the day --
the Google of the day --
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那天我决定用google来搜索
00:52
"Ma! Ma!"
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“”妈！妈！
00:53
(Laughter)
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（笑）
00:55
My mother explained that The Green Lady
is actually the Statue of Liberty
is actually the Statue of Liberty
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母亲解释说绿魔女实际上是自由女神像
01:00
and that she was waving immigrants in.
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正向移民展开怀抱
01:02
Now, the part of her explanation
that really messed with my young head
that really messed with my young head
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她的部分介绍让我迷惑不解
01:06
was the fact that, according to Ma,
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据母亲说，事实上
01:09
long before us,
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很久以前
01:11
The Green Lady was actually brown,
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绿魔女实际上是棕色的
01:15
brown like me,
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像我一样（棕色）
01:16
and that she changed
colors over the years,
colors over the years,
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这些年颜色改变了
01:19
much like America.
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更像一个美国人
01:21
Now, the part that really
is intriguing about this
is intriguing about this
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真正让我感兴趣的部分是
01:26
is that when she changed colors,
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她改变颜色
01:28
she made me think about myself.
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让我联想到自己
01:30
It all made sense to me,
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让我豁然开朗
01:31
because as a first-generation American,
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作为第一代美国移民
01:33
I was surrounded by immigrants.
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我周围都是移民
01:35
In fact, within my immediate social circle
of the people who support me,
of the people who support me,
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实际上，在我最亲密社交圈子里面支持我
01:39
who enrich my life,
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丰富我的人中
01:40
at least two are foreign-born.
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至少有2个是出生国外
01:43
My life as a US citizen is in many ways
shaped by newcomers,
shaped by newcomers,
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我作为美国公民，一直被新来者塑造
01:46
and chances are,
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改变
01:48
so is yours.
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你也和我一样的
01:49
There are more than 40 million
immigrants in the USA.
immigrants in the USA.
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在美国有4000万移民
01:53
According to census data,
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据人口统计数据
01:54
a quarter of the nation's children
have at least one foreign-born parent.
have at least one foreign-born parent.
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1/4美国儿童，至少有一个父母是海外出生的
01:59
I know all these statistics
because I study global migration patterns.
because I study global migration patterns.
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我研究全球移民模式，所以我知道这些统计数据
02:04
I'm a journalist,
and for the last few years,
and for the last few years,
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在去过几年中我是一名记者，
02:06
I've been documenting
the lives of US citizens
the lives of US citizens
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我一直在记录美国公民的生活---
02:09
who've lost people to deportation.
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那些被驱逐者
02:11
And the numbers are enormous.
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数字是惊人的
02:14
From 2008 to 2016,
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从2008到2016年
02:16
more than three million people
were "ordered removed" --
were "ordered removed" --
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有超过300万人被“下驱除令”
02:19
that's the technical term
for being deported.
for being deported.
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就是被驱除离境的技术术语
02:23
There is an economic, a political,
a psychological and an emotional cost
a psychological and an emotional cost
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存在经济，政治，心理和情感成本
02:28
to those deportations --
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对于驱逐而言
02:30
the moments when these circles are broken.
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在圈子被破坏的时刻
02:33
I once asked a US soldier,
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我曾经问过一个美国士兵
02:35
"Why did you volunteer to fight this war?"
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“你为什么自愿参军来打仗？”
02:37
And she told me,
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她告诉我
02:39
"Because I'm proud to defend my country."
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“我很自豪保卫我的国家”
02:41
But I pressed to know --
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我继续采访她---
02:42
"Really, when you're on base,
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“真的吗？当你在前线，
02:44
and you hear bombs
exploding in the distance,
exploding in the distance,
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你听见炮弹在前方爆炸
02:46
and you see soldiers coming back
who are gravely injured,
who are gravely injured,
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看见下来的士兵严重受伤
02:50
in that moment,
when you know you could be next,
when you know you could be next,
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在那个时刻，你知道自己也许就是下一个
02:54
what does 'my country' mean?"
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“国家”对你到底意味什么？
02:56
She looked at me.
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她看着我
02:58
"My country is my wife,
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“我的国家就是我的妻子，
03:00
my family,
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家庭
03:01
my friends, my soldiers."
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朋友，队友。“
03:03
What she was telling me
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她要告诉我的是，
03:04
is that "my country" is a collection
of these strong relationships;
of these strong relationships;
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“我的国家”是强有力关系的集合；
03:08
these social circles.
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社交圈
03:10
When the social circles are weakened,
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当社交圈脆弱时
03:12
a country itself is weaker.
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国家也就脆弱
03:15
We're missing a crucial aspect
in the debate about immigration policy.
in the debate about immigration policy.
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在讨论移民政策时，我们错过了一个关键方面
03:18
Rather than focusing on individuals,
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不应该专注于个人
03:20
we should focus
on the circles around them,
on the circles around them,
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应该专注围绕他们的圈子
03:23
because these are the people
who are left behind:
who are left behind:
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因为在他们圈子里的人包括：
03:26
the voters, the taxpayers,
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投票者，纳税人，
03:28
the ones who are suffering that loss.
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这些人会很痛苦
03:31
And it's not just the children
of the deported
of the deported
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不只是被驱除的孩子
03:33
who are impacted.
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被边境隔离的兄弟姐妹
03:34
You have brothers and sisters
who are separated by borders.
who are separated by borders.
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受到影响
03:37
You have classmates, teachers,
law enforcement officers,
law enforcement officers,
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你的同学，老师，执法人员
03:40
technologists, scientists, doctors,
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技术员，科学家，医生
03:42
who are all scrambling
to make sense of new realities
to make sense of new realities
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都需要重新接受新的事实
03:46
when their social circles are broken.
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当他们的社交圈打破后
03:49
These are the real lives
behind all these statistics
behind all these statistics
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这些是统计背后的真实生活
03:53
that dominate discussions
about immigration policy.
about immigration policy.
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主导讨论有关移民政策
03:56
But we don't often think about them.
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我们常常忽略这些
03:58
And I'm trying to change that.
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现在我要试图改变这一切
03:59
Here's just one of the real-life stories
that I've collected.
that I've collected.
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下面是我收集的真实生活中的一个例子
04:04
And it still haunts me.
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至今困扰我
04:06
I met Ramon and his son in 2016,
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2016年我遇到Ramon和他的儿子
04:10
the same year both of them
were being ordered out of the country.
were being ordered out of the country.
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同一年都被要求离境
04:14
Ramon was being deported to Latin America,
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Ramon被遣返回拉丁美洲
04:18
while his son, who was a sergeant
in the US military,
in the US military,
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他的儿子，美国军队中的一名中士
04:21
was being deployed.
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正在被部署调配（海外）
04:24
Deported ...
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一方是驱除离境......
04:26
deployed.
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另一方是调离出境。
04:28
If you just look at Ramon's case,
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看看Ramon的案子
04:31
it wouldn't be clear how deeply
connected to the country he is.
connected to the country he is.
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我们不知道他到底和这个国家有多深的联系
04:35
But consider his son:
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考虑一下他儿子：
04:37
a US citizen defending a country
that's banished his father.
that's banished his father.
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一个保家卫国的士兵，他的父亲被驱除离境
04:41
The social circle is what's key here.
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社交圈的关键点在这里
04:43
Here's another example
that illustrates those critical bonds.
that illustrates those critical bonds.
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另外一个例子来说明链接的重要性
04:47
A group of citizens in Philadelphia
were concerned about their jobs,
were concerned about their jobs,
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一群在费城的公民正在担忧他们的工作
04:50
because the legal owner
of the restaurant where they worked
of the restaurant where they worked
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因为他们工作的餐厅老板
04:53
was an undocumented immigrant,
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是一个非法移民
04:55
and immigration officials
had picked him up.
had picked him up.
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移民局让他离境
04:58
They rallied behind him.
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他们团结在他身边
04:59
An immigration lawyer argued
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一名移民律师辩护说
05:01
he was too important
to the local community
to the local community
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他对当地社区太重要了
05:03
to be deported.
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不应该被驱除
05:04
At the hearing, they even submitted
restaurant reviews --
restaurant reviews --
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在听证会上，甚至提交了餐厅评价--
05:08
restaurant reviews!
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餐厅评价---
05:10
In the end, a judge exercised
what's called "judicial discretion"
what's called "judicial discretion"
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最后，法官行驶自由裁量权
05:15
and allowed him to stay in the country,
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容许他继续留在这个国家
05:17
but only because they considered
the social circle.
the social circle.
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仅仅考虑了社会联系
05:21
There are 23 million
noncitizens in the USA,
noncitizens in the USA,
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美国有2300万非公民
05:26
according to verifiable federal data.
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据可靠政府数据
05:28
And that doesn't include the undocumented,
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这些没有包括非法移民
05:30
because numbers for that population
are at best complex estimates.
are at best complex estimates.
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因为这些预计数据十分复杂
05:34
Let's just work with what we have.
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让我们仅用已有数据
05:36
That's 23 million social circles --
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2300万人的社交圈
05:39
about 100 million individuals
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大概有1000万个人
05:42
whose lives could be impacted
by deportation.
by deportation.
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他们的生活受被驱逐者的影响
05:45
And the stress of it all is trickling down
through the population.
through the population.
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所有压力会向下传递
05:49
A 2017 poll by UCLA of LA County residents
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加州洛杉矶居民的2017年民意调查
05:52
found that 30 percent
of citizens in LA County
of citizens in LA County
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发现30%的洛杉矶居民
05:56
are stressed about deportation,
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感受到被驱除者的压力
05:59
not because they themselves
could be removed,
could be removed,
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不仅仅他们自己被驱除
06:02
but rather, because members
of their social circle were at risk.
of their social circle were at risk.
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而是因为圈子里面其他成员处于（被驱除）危险中
06:07
I am not suggesting that no one
should ever be deported;
should ever be deported;
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我不是说任何人都不应该被驱除
06:10
don't confuse me with that.
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不要误解我的意思
06:12
But what I am saying is that we need
to look at the bigger picture.
to look at the bigger picture.
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我想说，我们应该看得更远
06:17
If you are within the sound of my voice,
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如果你在聆听我的观点
06:20
I want you to close your eyes for a moment
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请你闭眼
06:22
and examine your own social circle.
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考虑自己的社交圈
06:25
Who are your foreign-born?
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谁是海外出生的？
06:28
What would it feel like
if the circle were broken?
if the circle were broken?
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如果圈子被破坏了，你有什么感觉？
06:32
Share your story.
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分享你的故事
06:34
I'm building a global archive
of first-person accounts
of first-person accounts
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我正在建立一个全球第一手资料档案库
06:37
and linking them with mapping technology,
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用制图技术链接在一起
06:39
so that we can see exactly
where these circles break,
where these circles break,
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能发现圈子在哪里断裂
06:43
because this is not
just an American issue.
just an American issue.
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这不仅仅存在于美国
06:46
There are a quarter-billion migrants
around the world;
around the world;
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全球有2.5亿移民
06:50
people living, loving and learning
in countries where they were not born.
in countries where they were not born.
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生活，爱，学习在非出生地
06:54
And in my career, in my life,
I've been one of them:
I've been one of them:
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在我的职业生涯，我的生命中，我也是他们中的一员：
06:56
in China, in Africa, in Europe.
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在中国，在非洲，在欧洲
06:59
And each time I become
one of these foreigners --
one of these foreigners --
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每次我都是这些国家的外国人
07:02
one of these strange-looking
guys in a new land --
guys in a new land --
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在新大陆的陌生人
07:06
I can't help but think back to that day
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我不禁回想过去
07:08
when I was in Lower Manhattan with my mom
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当我和母亲住在下麦哈顿的一端
07:10
all those decades ago,
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几十年前
07:12
when I was scared,
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我很恐惧
07:14
and I had just spotted that green lady.
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发现绿魔女
07:17
And I guess the question
that I keep on thinking about
that I keep on thinking about
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我一直在思考的问题
07:21
when I see her
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当我看见她
07:23
and all the younger replicas of her
that are so obviously brown,
that are so obviously brown,
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她的年轻时候的复制品明显是棕色
07:27
and even the paintings
that showcase her in the beginning
that showcase her in the beginning
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甚至在一开始设计的画像
07:30
as not quite green --
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不太绿
07:33
when I look at all of that,
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当我回顾这一切
07:36
the question that my research
seeks to answer
seeks to answer
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我努力寻找答案
07:39
becomes, to me, the same one
that confounded me all those years ago:
that confounded me all those years ago:
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让我困惑多年的同一个问题
07:44
Is she a monster
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她是怪兽
07:47
or a hero?
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还是英雄？
07:49
Thank you.
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谢谢
07:50
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Duarte Geraldino - JournalistDuarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation.
Why you should listen
Duarte Geraldino is an American journalist who travels the country documenting how culture is being changed and challenged by shifting demographics, business and technology. He leads a team of skilled journalists who produce multimedia reports and short films that have been distributed around the world through national and global news networks. He is currently working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation called Hear Our Stories Now.
He is currently a special correspondent for PBS NewsHour. At the NewsHour, he reports and writes long-form television stories about business trends like the housing crisis that is gripping many American cities and developments in labor laws that some see as choking middle and low-income workers.
In 2017, one of Geraldino's short documentaries, Ordered Out, was screened in New York's Times Square as part of the Dominican Film Festival New York. It explores the impact of American identity and immigration and tells the story of a family being torn apart by US laws. In the same year, he was selected as a TED Resident. During his residency at TED's global headquarters, he started developing a digital journalism project to document the lives of US citizens who have lost people to deportation.
Previously, Geraldino worked as a National Correspondent for Al Jazeera America and as a local news reporter in New York, Ohio, Texas and Maryland.
Duarte Geraldino | Speaker | TED.com