TED2004
Virginia Postrel: On glamour
Virginia Postrel谈魅力
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在这场即时演讲中，文化评论人Virginia Postrel探讨了魅力的真正含义和不同凡响的应用。她将其定义为任何被用来影响和劝服的经过考量和细致思忖过的影像。
Virginia Postrel - Journalist
Virginia Postrel is a writer and cultural critic who examines the hidden economics of modern society, poking at the unexamined ideas behind the march of progress. Full bio
Virginia Postrel is a writer and cultural critic who examines the hidden economics of modern society, poking at the unexamined ideas behind the march of progress. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
You might be wondering why I'm wearing sunglasses,
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你可能会疑惑为什么我戴着太阳镜，
00:20
and one answer to that is, because I'm here to talk about glamour.
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其中的一个答案就是因为我今天的主题是魅力。
00:25
So, we all think we know what glamour is. Here it is.
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所以，我们都认为自知什么叫做魅力。大家请看。
00:28
It's glamorous movie stars, like Marlene Dietrich.
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是非常有魅力的影星，比如玛琳·黛德丽。
00:31
And it comes in a male form, too --
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也有男性。
00:33
very glamorous.
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非常迷人。
00:35
Not only can he shoot, drive, drink -- you know, he drinks wine,
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不仅仅因为他可以射击，开车--你知道，他是喝酒的，
00:39
there actually is a little wine in there --
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事实上他的旁边总是伴随着酒香--
00:41
and of course, always wears a tuxedo.
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当然，他总是一副绅士模样。
00:44
But I think that glamour actually has a much broader meaning --
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不过我认为魅力实际上有更为广泛的含义
00:48
one that is true for the movie stars and the fictional characters,
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其中一部分（当然）那些电影明星和小说人物所展现出来的
00:52
but also comes in other forms.
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但也有其他的表达方式。
00:54
A magazine?
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杂志？
00:56
Well, it's certainly not this one.
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不过，当然不是这本。
00:58
This is the least glamorous magazine on the newsstand -- it's all about sex tips.
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这是新标准下魅力值最低的杂志--里面充斥着性爱技巧。
01:01
Sex tips are not glamorous.
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性爱技巧并不具备魅力。
01:03
And Drew Barrymore, for all her wonderful charm,
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Drew Barrymore，她所有的迷人之处，
01:06
is not glamorous either.
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也谈不上具有魅力。
01:08
But there is a glamour of industry.
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但是却存在着一个魅力产业。
01:10
This is Margaret Bourke-White's --
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这个是 Margaret Bourke-White的
01:12
one of her pictures she did.
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其中的一幅作品。
01:14
Fantastic, glamorous pictures
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美妙的，迷人的图片
01:17
of steel mills and paper mills and all kinds of glamorous industrial places.
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展现着钢铁厂，造纸厂和各种充满魅力的工业场所。
01:21
And there's the mythic glamour
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这个是车库经理人的
01:23
of the garage entrepreneur.
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神话般的魅力
01:25
This is the Hewlett-Packard garage.
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这是惠普当初起家的车库。
01:27
We know everyone who starts a business in a garage
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我们知道任何一个从车库起家的创业者
01:30
ends up founding Hewlett-Packard.
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最终都成了惠普的融资人。
01:33
There's the glamour of physics.
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这是物理学的魅力。
01:35
What could be more glamorous than understanding the entire universe,
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还有什么能比洞察整个宇宙，伟大的统一更加
01:37
grand unification? And, by the way, it helps if you're Brian Greene --
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具有魅力呢--而且，顺便提一下，如果你是Brian Greene这很有用。
01:41
he has other kinds of glamour.
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他还有很多其他类型的魅力。
01:43
And there is, of course, this glamour.
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当然，这种，魅力。
01:45
This is very, very glamorous: the glamour of outer space --
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这是，非常非常迷人的--外太空的魅力。
01:48
and not the alien-style glamour,
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而且并不是外星人式的魅力
01:51
but the nice, clean, early '60s version.
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而是美好，干净，60年代初期的样子。
01:54
So what do we mean by glamour?
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那么到底什么叫做魅力？
01:56
Well, one thing you can do if you want to know what glamour means
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当然，如果想了解魅力的含义，你可以做的一件事情就是
02:00
is you can look in the dictionary.
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查看字典
02:02
And it actually helps a lot more if you look in a very old dictionary,
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而且事实上如果你去查阅很古老的字典会很有用，
02:05
in this case the 1913 dictionary.
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在这种情况下，这是1913版的字典。
02:07
Because for centuries, glamour had a very particular meaning,
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因为时代变迁，魅力会相应的有着其特定的含义，
02:12
and the word was actually used differently from the way we think of it.
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而且这个词汇实际上和我们设想的方式是截然不同的。
02:17
You had "a" glamour.
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你很有魅力。
02:19
It wasn't glamour as a quality -- you "cast a glamour."
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这并不是说它是一种品质--你可以将其抛开。
02:21
Glamour was a literal magic spell.
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魅力是一种字面意义上的魔力咒符。
02:24
Not a metaphorical one, the way we use it today,
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而不是今天我们所使用的，隐喻的方式。
02:26
but a literal magic spell associated with witches and gypsies
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而是一种和女巫、吉普赛人紧密联系在一起的魔力咒符
02:30
and to some extent, Celtic magic.
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而且在某种程度上，可以是凯尔特魔法。
02:33
And over the years, around the turn of the 20th century,
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而且这么多年来，在20世纪的转交之际，
02:36
it started to take on this other kind of deception --
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魅力开始呈现出一点其他类型的戏法--
02:42
this definition for any artificial interest in, or association with,
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这种解释是任何有关人的对某种实体的兴趣或者联系，
02:47
an object through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified.
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通过它可以呈现出被放大或者渲染过的迷惑。
02:52
But still, glamour is an illusion.
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但是，魅力仍是是一种幻觉。
02:54
Glamour is a magic spell.
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魅力是一种魔力咒符。
02:57
And there's something dangerous about glamour
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而且关于魅力有一些危险的地方。
02:59
throughout most of history. When the witches cast a magic spell
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人类历史的大部分情况下，当女巫对你抛出一个不符合你自身利益
03:03
on you, it was not in your self-interest --
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的魔力咒符，
03:05
it was to get you to act against your interest.
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它就会使你做出违背自己意愿的事情。
03:07
Well of course, in the 20th century,
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当然，在20世纪，
03:09
glamour came to have this different meaning associated with Hollywood.
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魅力开始和好莱坞联系在一起从而拥有了各种不同的含义。
03:13
And this is Hedy Lamarr.
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这是Hedy Lamarr。
03:15
Hedy Lamarr said, "Anyone can look glamorous,
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Hedy Lamarr说，“只要你坐在那里装出一副傻样，
03:17
all you have to do is sit there and look stupid." (Laughter)
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任何人都可以看起来充满魅力。”
03:20
But in fact, with all due respect to Hedy --
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但是事实上，并无意冒犯Hedy Lamarr--
03:25
about whom we'll hear more later -- there's a lot more to it.
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我们接下来还会讲到她--其实还有更多的含义。
03:29
There was a tremendous amount of technical achievement
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创造这种好莱坞式魅力，暗中联系着
03:32
associated with creating this Hollywood glamour.
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数量庞大的科技成就。
03:34
There were scores of retouchers and lighting experts and make-up experts.
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有大量的修图师，灯光专家和化妆专家。
03:38
You can go to the museum of Hollywood history in Hollywood
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你可以去好莱坞的博物馆去领会好莱坞的历史
03:41
and see Max Factor's special rooms that he painted different colors
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然后看看属于Max Factor的特定工作室，这是在这里
03:44
depending on the complexion of the star he was going to make up.
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根据他要组织的星星的组合他绘出了不同的颜色。
03:48
So you've got this highly stylized portrait of something
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所以你可以看到高度风格化的肖像方法
03:51
that was not entirely of this earth -- it was a portrait of a star.
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它并不是完全属于这个星球--它是一颗星星的肖像。
03:54
And actually, we see glamorized photos of stars all the time --
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而且事实上，我们经常看到美化过的各种星星的图片，
03:58
they call them false color.
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也被称作假色。
04:00
Glamour is a form of falsification,
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魅力是一种伪造的形式，
04:04
but falsification to achieve a particular purpose.
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但是通过其要达到某种目的。
04:07
It may be to illuminate the star; it may be to sell a film.
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或许是去装饰一个星星，或许是营销一部影片。
04:11
And it involves a great deal of technique.
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这都牵涉到很多的科技因素。
04:13
It's not -- glamour is not something --
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它并不是--魅力并不是一种--
04:15
you don't wake up in the morning glamorous. I don't care who you are.
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你并不会早上一起来就魅力照人，这和你是谁无关。
04:18
Even Nicole Kidman doesn't wake up in the morning glamorous.
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即使Nicole Kidman也不会一早起来就魅力十足。
04:21
There is a process of "idealization, glorification and dramatization,"
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这需要一个理想化，赞颂化，戏剧化的过程，
04:25
and it's not just the case for people.
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这并不是只适用于人。
04:27
Glamour doesn't have to be people.
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魅力并不一定要和人相关。
04:29
Architectural photography --
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建筑摄影--
04:31
Julius Schulman, who has talked about transfiguration,
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关于转换，Julius Schulman
04:34
took this fabulous, famous picture of the Kauffman House.
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拍摄了这张著名的，梦幻般的Kauffman House的照片。
04:37
Architectural photography is extremely glamorous.
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建筑摄影是十分具有魅力的。
04:40
It puts you into this special, special world.
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它是你置身于这种非常特别的世界中。
04:44
This is Alex Ross's comic book art,
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这个是Alex Ross的动漫艺术，
04:47
which appears to be extremely realistic,
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看起来非常真实，
04:49
as part of his style is he gives you a kind of realism in his comic art.
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实际上营造这种真实感这也是他的艺术风格的一部分。
04:54
Except that light doesn't work this way in the real world.
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只是在现实世界中，灯光效果却不是如此。
04:57
When you stack people in rows,
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人群按排列座的时候，
04:59
the ones in the background look smaller than the ones in the foreground --
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后排的人要比前排的人看上去小一些。
05:02
but not in the world of glamour.
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但是在魅力的概念中不是这样。
05:05
What glamour is all about -- I took this from a blurb
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还有什么和魅力相关的呢--这是我在纽约杂志
05:08
in the table of contents of New York magazine,
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的目录中的一个宣传广告中发现的，
05:11
which was telling us that glamour is back --
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这意味着魅力的回归--
05:13
glamour is all about transcending the everyday.
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魅力的宗旨就是不断进取。
05:16
And I think that that's starting to get at what the core
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而且我认为这已经开始和
05:19
that combines all sorts of glamour is.
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魅力的核心接近了，不管是什么形式的。
05:22
This is Filippino Lippi's 1543 portrait of Saint Apollonia.
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这是Filippino Lippi在1543年所作的圣女Apollonia的肖像。
05:27
And I don't know who she is either,
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我也不知道她是谁，
05:29
but this is the [16th] century equivalent of a supermodel.
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但是在15世纪，这相当于我们今日的超级名模。
05:32
It's a very glamorous portrait.
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这是一幅非常迷人的肖像画。
05:34
Why is it glamorous?
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为什么它迷人呢？
05:36
It's glamorous, first, because she is beautiful --
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它之所以迷人的第一个原因是美丽，
05:38
but that does not make you glamorous,
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但这还不够，
05:40
that only makes you beautiful.
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美丽和魅力是两码事。
05:42
She is graceful, she is mysterious and she is transcendent,
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她高雅，神秘的形象中透露着卓尔不凡，
05:47
and those are the central qualities of glamour.
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这些是魅力的核心元素。
05:49
You don't see her eyes; they're looking downward.
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你看不见她的双眼，她在向下看。
05:53
She's not looking away from you exactly,
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她也没有把目光从你的身上移开，
05:55
but you have to mentally imagine her world.
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但是你却禁不住的思考她的世界。
05:59
She's encouraging you to contemplate this higher world
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她在鼓励你去探索她存在于的这个更高一层
06:03
to which she belongs, where she can be completely tranquil
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的世界，远离喧嚣，
06:06
while holding the iron instruments of her death by torture.
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手握着把她折磨致死的铁器。
06:10
Mel Gibson's "Passion Of The Christ" -- not glamorous.
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Mel Gibson的“耶稣受难记”--不属于这类范畴。
06:13
That's glamour:
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这就是魅力。
06:15
that's Michelangelo's "Pieta," where Mary is the same age as Jesus
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这是米开朗琪罗的圣母怜子雕像，这里的圣母玛丽与耶稣同龄
06:18
and they're both awfully happy and pleasant.
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而且都十分开心，无忧无虑。
06:21
Glamour invites us to live in a different world.
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魅力使得我们能够进入另一个世界。
06:24
It has to simultaneously be mysterious, a little bit distant --
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这同时要求其不得不保持一定的神秘性，一点点的距离。
06:28
that's why, often in these glamour shots,
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所以你经常可以在这些魅力的摄影中发现，
06:30
the person is not looking at the audience,
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画面中的人并非看着观众。
06:32
it's why sunglasses are glamorous --
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这也就是太阳镜之所以迷人的原因了，
06:35
but also not so far above us that we can't identify with the person.
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但是也不能高高在上不可靠近。
06:39
In some sense, there has to be something like us.
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在某种程度上，必须存在着和我们相似的因素。
06:43
So as I say, in religious art, you know, God is not glamorous.
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因此正如我说过，宗教艺术中，你知道，上帝是不富有魅力的。
06:46
God cannot be glamorous because God is omnipotent,
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上帝不能带有这种特质因为他无所不能，
06:49
omniscient -- too far above us.
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无所不知--这一切都使得我们只能敬畏之。
06:51
And yet you will see in religious art, saints or the Virgin Mary
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然而你可以在宗教艺术中经常发现描绘圣人，或者圣母玛利亚
06:54
will often be portrayed -- not always -- in glamorous forms.
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的作品--竭力展现出其迷人的一面--虽然并不经常。
06:57
As I said earlier, glamour does not have to be about people,
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就像我之前说的，魅力并非和人沾上关系
07:01
but it has to have this transcendent quality.
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但是卓越的品质这一点是不可或缺的。
07:04
What is it about Superman?
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试想一下超人
07:06
Aside from Alex Ross's style, which is very glamorous,
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除了Alex Ross非常迷人的造型，
07:08
one thing about Superman is he makes you believe that a man can fly.
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超人能深入人心的一个原因就是他使得你相信人是可以飞的。
07:12
Glamour is all about transcending this world
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魅力的宗旨就是提升这个世界的可能性
07:15
and getting to an idealized, perfect place.
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达到一种理想化，完美的境界。
07:19
And this is one reason that modes of transportation
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这也就是为什么当代的交通运输方式
07:23
tend to be extremely glamorous.
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如此的吸引人。
07:25
The less experience we have with them,
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而且对于我们来说，它们越是陌生，
07:27
the more glamorous they are.
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其迷人的色彩就越浓厚。
07:29
So you can do a glamorized picture of a car,
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因此你可以制作一张魅力跑车的图片，
07:32
but you can't do a glamorized picture of traffic.
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但是你不能用同样的方式把“交通”描绘出来。
07:34
You can do a glamorized picture of an airplane, but not the inside.
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你可以制作一张彰显飞机的魅力的图片，但对其内部机制却不能。
07:38
The notion is that it's going to transport you,
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这是因为那种“被运载”的思想，
07:40
and the story is not about, you know, the guy in front of you in the airplane,
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而且事实并不是像，你知道，飞机前这个家伙，
07:44
who has this nasty little kid, or the big cough.
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和他的讨厌的小孩，或者一阵咳嗽。
07:48
The story is about where you're arriving,
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事情是你到达的目的地，
07:50
or thinking about where you're arriving.
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或者想到你在哪里到达。
07:52
And this sense of being transported
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而且这种“被运载”的感觉
07:54
is one reason that we have glamour styling.
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才是它吸引我们的一个原因。
07:58
This sort of streamlining styling is not just glamorous
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我们所说的魅力并不在于这种流程化的风格
08:02
because we associate it with movies of that period, but because,
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因为我们将其同相应时期的影片结合起来了，而是因为，
08:06
in it's streamlining, it transports us from the everyday.
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在这种流线型的体验中，我们日复一日的被它承载者。
08:09
The same thing -- arches are very glamorous.
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同样的--拱形是非常富有魅力的。
08:12
Arches with stained glass -- even more glamorous.
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再加上彩色玻璃--就更加迷人了。
08:15
Staircases that curve away from you are glamorous.
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那远远看去弯曲的楼梯十分吸引人。
08:18
I happen to find that particular staircase picture very glamorous
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我恰巧发现某种特定的楼梯图片非常吸引我
08:21
because, to me, it captures the whole promise
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因为对我来说，它牢牢的呈现了那种
08:23
of the academic contemplative life --
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思想者学术生活的风格，
08:26
but maybe that's because I went to Princeton.
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或者因为我在普林斯顿大学上过学吧。
08:28
Anyway, skylines are super glamorous,
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总之，天际线迷人的难以置信，
08:31
city streets -- not so glamorous.
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城市街道--却不这样。
08:33
You know, when you get, actually to this town it has reality.
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你知道，当你真正的，走进一个真实的小城。
08:36
The horizon, the open road, is very, very glamorous.
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地平线，开阔的公路，如此如此的迷人。
08:40
There are few things more glamorous than the horizon --
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还有几样比地平线更富有魅力的事物
08:43
except, possibly, multiple horizons.
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除了，那种，多重地平线的可能，而且
08:47
Of course, here you don't feel the cold, or the heat --
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当然，这里你不会感到冷，或者是热--
08:52
you just see the possibilities.
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你看到的只是可能性。
08:54
In order to pull glamour off, you need this Renaissance quality
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为了顺利的呈现出魅力，你需要这种sprezzatura的文艺复兴
08:58
of sprezzatura, which is a term coined by Castiglione
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的特性，这个词语的典故是Castiglione在一本书
09:03
in his book, "The Book Of The Courtier."
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“廷臣之书。”
09:05
There's the not-glamorous version of what it looks like today,
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在经历了几个世纪以后，这个版本以今天的眼光看来
09:08
after a few centuries.
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已经不再令人印象深刻了。
09:10
And sprezzatura is the art that conceals art.
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sprezzatura是那种浑然天成的艺术。
09:14
It makes things look effortless.
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它使得事物简约易懂。
09:16
You don't think about how Nicole Kidman is maneuvering that dress --
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你不用去向妮可·基德曼是如何穿着那件裙子的，
09:20
she just looks completely natural.
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这种着装在她身上就是如此的自然。
09:22
And I remember reading, after the Lara Croft movies,
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而且我还记得在看完Lara Croft电影之后，我阅读着
09:25
how Angelina Jolie would go home completely black and blue.
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Angelina Jolie如何偏题鳞伤的回到家中。
09:29
Of course, they covered that with make-up,
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不过当然，伤的痕迹都用彩妆遮盖住了，
09:31
because Lara Croft did all those same stunts --
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但是Lara Croft也上演了同样的特技，
09:33
but she doesn't get black and blue, because she has sprezzatura.
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但是因为sprezzatura，她安然无恙。
09:37
"To conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort":
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隐藏任何事前的痕迹，或者说，使之显得自然。
09:42
And this is one of the critical aspects of glamour.
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这是魅力的一个核心方面--
09:45
Glamour is about editing.
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魅力意味着雕琢。
09:47
How do you create the sense of transcendence,
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你是如何创造卓越的感觉，
09:49
the sense of evoking a perfect world?
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唤起一个完美世界的感觉？
09:52
The sense of, you know, life could be better, I could join this --
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那种，你知道，生活可以更美好的感觉，我可以成为其中的一份子--
09:56
I could be a perfect person, I could join this perfect world.
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我可以成为一个完美的人，我可以成为这个完美世界的一部分。
09:58
We don't tell you all the grubby details.
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我们并不必让你知道所有乱糟糟的细节。
10:01
Now, this was kindly lent to me by Jeff Bezos, from last year.
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这个，这是去年好心的Jeff Bezos借给我的。
10:05
This is underneath Jeff's desk.
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在Jeff的桌子下面是这个样子。
10:07
This is what the real world of computers,
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这是电脑的真实呈现，
10:10
lamps, electrical appliances of all kinds, looks like.
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看上去，各种各样的灯具，电子元件。
10:14
But if you look in a catalog --
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但是如果你在一个产品目录中查看--
10:16
particularly a catalog of modern, beautiful objects for your home --
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尤其是为你现代，美丽的家添置物件的商品目录中--
10:19
it looks like this.
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它是这个样子的。
10:21
There are no cords.
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没有任何线路。
10:23
Look next time you get these catalogs in your mail --
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但你下次查看邮箱中这些目录的时候--
10:26
you can usually figure out where they hid the cord.
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你可以经常地弄明白他们把杂乱无章的线路藏在哪了。
10:29
But there's always this illusion that if you buy this lamp,
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但是如果你买下这个灯具的话，总是会有这种幻觉，
10:32
you will live in a world without cords. (Laughter)
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那就是你生活在一个简洁整齐的世界中。
10:35
And the same thing is true of, if you buy this laptop
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下一个事实就是，如果你买下这个掌上电脑
10:38
or you buy this computer -- and even in these wireless eras,
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或者台式机--那么甚至在目前的无线世界中，
10:41
you don't get to live in the world without cords.
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你也不可能生活在没有线路的世界中。
10:43
You have to have mystery and you have to have grace.
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你必须拥有神秘感和优雅感。
10:47
And there she is -- Grace.
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这就是--格蕾丝（与“优雅”同音）。
10:49
This is the most glamorous picture, I think, ever.
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我认为，这是有史以来最优雅的一张图片，
10:51
Part of the thing is that, in "Rear Window,"
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部分是因为电影“Rear Window”的缘故
10:54
the question is, is she too glamorous to live in his world?
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问题是，她的优雅是否已经超出了当时的世界？
10:57
And the answer is no, but of course it's really just a movie.
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答案是否定的，理所当然的，这只是一部电影。
11:00
Here's Hedy Lamarr again.
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这还是Hedy Lamarr。
11:02
And, you know, this kind of head covering is extremely glamorous
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而且，你知道，这种风格的顶盖是非常迷人的
11:05
because, like sunglasses, it conceals and reveals at the same time.
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因为，就像太阳镜一样，它在遮掩的同时也欲盖弥彰。
11:09
Translucence is glamorous --
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半透明是富有魅力的--
11:11
that's why all these people wear pearls.
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这就是为什么人们穿戴珍珠的原因。
11:13
It's why barware is glamorous. Glamour is translucent --
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就是为什么酒吧酒具富有魅力--半透明才吸引人，
11:17
not transparent, not opaque.
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而不是透明，或者不透明。
11:19
It invites us into the world
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它使得我们进入了一个世界
11:21
but it doesn't give us a completely clear picture.
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却不将其完整的呈现出来。
11:25
And I think if Grace Kelly is the most glamorous person,
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而且我认为如果Grace Kelly是最富有魅力的人，
11:28
maybe a spiral staircase with glass block may be the most glamorous interior shot,
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也许玻璃镶嵌的旋转楼梯是是最富有魅力的室内快照
11:34
because a spiral staircase is incredibly glamorous.
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因为旋转楼梯拥有如此不可思议的吸引力。
11:37
It has that sense of going up and away,
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那种悬上即离的感觉，
11:41
and yet you never think about how you would really trip
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然后你永远不知道整个过程是怎样的
11:44
if you were -- particularly going down.
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如果你知道，大概就是下来的时候吧。
11:46
And of course glass block has that sense of translucence.
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而且毋庸置疑的，玻璃砖具有那种半透明的感觉。
11:49
So, this session's supposed to be about pure pleasure
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因此，这部分讲到的是纯粹的愉悦
11:53
but glamour's really partly about meaning.
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不过魅力确实是一定程度上和涵义相关的。
11:56
All individuals and all cultures have ideals
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所有的个人所有的文化都在现实世界中
11:59
that cannot possibly be realized in reality.
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几乎无法实现的理想。
12:03
They have contradictions,
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矛盾是存在的，
12:05
they uphold principles that are incommensurable with each other --
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它支持着互相之前不具有可比性的原则，
12:08
whatever it is -- and yet these ideals give meaning and purpose
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不管它是什么，这些理想在我们的生活里表达出了
12:11
to our lives as cultures and as individuals.
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我们身为个人和文化的涵义和目的。
12:14
And the way we deal with that is we displace them --
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而我们处理它的方式就是将其替换掉--
12:18
we put them into a golden world, an imagined world,
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我们将其放入到流金岁月，幻想的世界中，
12:21
an age of heroes, the world to come.
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即将到来的，英雄的时代。
12:24
And in the life of an individual, we often associate that with some object.
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当你以个人的状态生活时，我们经常将其和某种实体联系在一起。
12:28
The white picket fence, the perfect house.
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那白色的尖桩篱栅，完美的房屋。
12:32
The perfect kitchen -- no bills on the counter in the perfect kitchen.
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完美的厨房--在柜台上面没有任何的账单。
12:35
You know, you buy that Viking range, this is what your kitchen will look like.
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你知道，你如果买的是那种北欧海盗风格的煤气灶，那么你的厨房就是这个样子的。
12:38
The perfect love life -- symbolized by the perfect necklace,
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完美的项链象征着完美的爱情，
12:41
the perfect diamond ring.
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完美的钻戒。
12:43
The perfect getaway in your perfect car.
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开上你的爱车逃离一切喧嚣。
12:45
This is an interior design firm that is literally called Utopia.
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这是一个叫做Utopia的室内装饰公司。
12:49
The perfect office --
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完美的办公室。
12:51
again, no cords, as far as I can tell.
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同样地，整齐有序，
12:53
And certainly, no, it doesn't look a thing like my office.
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当然，不，和我的办公室一点都不像。
12:56
I mean, there's no paper on the desk.
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我的意思是，写字台上空空如也。
12:58
We want this golden world.
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我们渴望这样完美的世界。
13:00
And some people get rich enough,
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当有些人足够富有的时候，
13:02
and if they have their ideals -- in a sort of domestic sense,
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而且他们的理想又存在于那种理家的观念，
13:06
they get to acquire their perfect world.
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他们就能达到理想的生活方式。
13:08
Dean Koontz built this fabulous home theater, which is --
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Dean Koontz以装饰艺术的风格建造了
13:11
I don't think accidentally -- in Art Deco style.
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这个绝伦的小影院--我认为这不是偶然的。
13:15
That symbolizes this sense of being safe and at home.
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这象征了这种家能给予安全的感觉。
13:18
This is not always good, because what is your perfect world?
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但这并不一定总是好的，因为你到底如何定义完美的世界？
13:21
What is your ideal, and also, what has been edited out?
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你的理想模型是什么，而且，把什么剔除出去了？
13:24
Is it something important?
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是一些重要的东西吗？
13:26
"The Matrix" is a movie that is all about glamour.
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那么，“黑客帝国”是一部关于魅力的电影大片。
13:29
I could do a whole talk on "The Matrix" and glamour.
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我可以就这个话题滔滔不绝
13:31
It was criticized for glamorizing violence,
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但是你知道，有批评者认为这对暴力进行了美化。
13:35
because, look -- sunglasses and those long coats, and, of course,
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因为你看-太阳镜，拉风的外衣，还有，当然，
13:40
they could walk up walls and do all these kinds of things
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他们可以在墙上行走，做各种在现实世界中
13:42
that are impossible in the real world.
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不可思议的事情。
13:44
This is another Margaret Bourke-White photo.
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这是Margaret Bourke的另一张黑白照片。
13:46
This is from Soviet Union. Attractive.
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来自前苏联，很不错。
13:48
I mean, look how happy the people are, and good-looking too.
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我的意思是，看看这些人，多么的开心，也多么的俊俏。
13:52
You know, we're marching toward Utopia.
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你知道，我们正在向着Utopia的方向前进。
13:55
I'm not a fan of PETA, but I think this is a great ad.
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我并不太支持PETA（善待动物组织），但是我认为这是一个很好的广告。
13:58
Because what they're doing is they're saying,
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因为他们的意思再清楚不过，
14:00
your coat's not so glamorous, what's been edited out is something important.
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你的大衣不够好看，缺少的就是一些重要的东西。
14:04
But actually, what's even more important
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但是实际上，比铭记这一点更重要的是
14:06
than remembering what's been edited out is thinking, are the ideals good?
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去思考，这种理想的模型真的是好的吗？
14:10
Because glamour can be very totalitarian and deceptive.
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因为魅力这个东西是非常集权性和迷惑性的。
14:14
And it's not just a matter of glamorizing cleaning your floor.
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而且也不仅仅关乎于“祛除”是不是一个具有魅力的工作。
14:17
This is from "Triumph Of The Will" --
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这个是来自电影“意志的胜利”
14:19
brilliant editing to cut together things.
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剪辑的工作做的非常棒。
14:21
There's a glamour shot.
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这个快照很赞。
14:23
National Socialism is all about glamour.
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纳粹主义和魔力紧紧相连。
14:25
It was a very aesthetic ideology.
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有一种非常美学的意识形态。
14:27
It was all about cleaning up Germany, and the West, and the world,
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主要内容是赶走德国人，西方世界，乃至全世界，
14:30
and ridding it of anything unglamorous.
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并且去掉任何单调乏味的东西。
14:32
So glamour can be dangerous.
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因此魅力，也可能是危险的代名词。
14:34
I think glamour has a genuine appeal, has a genuine value.
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我认为'魅力"有一种真正的吸引力，真正的价值。
14:37
I'm not against glamour.
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我并不反对魅力。
14:39
But there's a kind of wonder in the stuff that gets edited away in the cords of life.
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不过一种疑惑就是是否在生活的繁琐之中有些东西被祛除掉了。
14:44
And there is both a way to avoid the dangers of glamour
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而且这两种情况下都有避免“危险魅力”的方法
14:48
and a way to broaden your appreciation of it.
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同时让你更加对其赞叹。
14:50
And that's to take Isaac Mizrahi's advice
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让我们接受Isaac Mizrahi的建议
14:53
and confront the manipulation of it all,
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坦然面对所有的蓄意操作，
14:55
and sort of admit that manipulation is something that we enjoy,
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可以这么说，承认我们享受这个过程吧，
15:00
but also enjoy how it happens.
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而且也享受它发生的方式。
15:02
And here's Hedy Lamarr.
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这是Hedy Lamarr。
15:04
She's very glamorous but, you know, she invented spread-spectrum technology.
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没错，她如此的迷人，不过你得知道，她发明了扩展频谱科技。
15:07
So she's even more glamorous if you know that she really wasn't stupid,
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所以这使得她更加富有魅力了，因为她真的很聪明，
15:10
even though she thought she could look stupid.
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即使她认为她可以看出去很傻的样子。
15:12
David Hockney talks about how the appreciation of this
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David Hockney谈论过关于这个，我认为，
15:16
very glamorous painting is heightened if you think about
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非常吸引人的绘画作品的欣赏，如果你意识到这样一个事实
15:19
the fact that it takes two weeks to paint this splash,
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虽然现实的水花四溅稍纵即逝，但是绘画这个效果花费了
15:23
which only took a fraction of a second to happen.
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整整两周的时间，那么你就会更加珍视它。
15:25
There is a book out in the bookstore --
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这是书店里的一本书--
15:28
it's called "Symphony In Steel,"
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叫做“钢筋的交响乐”
15:30
and it's about the stuff that's hidden under the skin of the Disney Center.
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这讲述的是隐藏在迪斯尼中心靓丽外表下的水泥钢筋。
15:33
And that has a fascination.
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它如此的迷人。
15:35
It's not necessarily glamorous, but unveiling the glamour has an appeal.
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这并不是严格意义上的魅力，不过“揭示魅力”也算是一种魅力吧。
15:38
There's a wonderful book called "Crowns"
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有一本非常棒的书叫做“王冠”
15:41
that's all these glamour pictures of black women in their church hats.
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讲述的是黑人女性戴着教堂礼帽的那些迷人瞬间。
15:45
And there's a quote from one of these women, and she talks about,
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引用其中一位女士的话，
15:48
"As a little girl, I'd admire women at church with beautiful hats.
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“当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我非常羡慕那些在教堂戴着美丽礼帽的女士们。
15:51
They looked like beautiful dolls, like they'd just stepped out of a magazine.
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她们看起来就像漂亮的洋娃娃，好似刚从杂志封面中走出。
15:55
But I also knew how hard they worked all week.
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但是我也知道她们背后付出的艰辛努力。
15:58
Sometimes under those hats there's a lot of joy and a lot of sorrow."
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有时候，那些帽子下隐藏的不仅仅是欢乐，还有忧伤。
16:02
And, actually, you get more appreciation for glamour
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而且实际上，当你发现创造魅力的代价是什么的时候
16:05
when you realize what went into creating it.
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你才会对其发出更加由衷的赞叹。
16:08
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Virginia Postrel - JournalistVirginia Postrel is a writer and cultural critic who examines the hidden economics of modern society, poking at the unexamined ideas behind the march of progress.
Why you should listen
Virginia Postrel looks at culture through the lens of economics, and vice versa -- looking for the hidden actors and attitudes that drive us to make the choices we do. She writes frequently for the Atlantic and Forbes, and is the author of several books, including The Substance of Style and The Future and Its Enemies.
Her next book will be about glamour; she's exploring the topic on the witty blog Deep Glamour. Her own blog, frequently updated and fascinatingly wide-ranging, is the Dynamist.
Virginia Postrel | Speaker | TED.com