TED2009
Tim Berners-Lee: The next web
蒂牧泊纳思-李 谈下一代网络
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20年前，蒂牧泊纳思-李 发明了万维网。在他的下一个项目中，他正在建立一个开放的、将大量文档、图片、视频建成关联数据：释放我们的数据，重新构建我们使用数据的方式。
Tim Berners-Lee - Inventor
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Time flies.
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光阴似箭
00:20
It's actually almost 20 years ago
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差不多是20年前
00:22
when I wanted to reframe the way we use information,
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当我想重新构造我们使用信息
00:26
the way we work together: I invented the World Wide Web.
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协同工作方式的时候 - 我发明了万维网
00:29
Now, 20 years on, at TED,
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20年过去了，现在，在TED
00:32
I want to ask your help in a new reframing.
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我请求你们帮助创建新的架构
00:37
So going back to 1989,
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回到1989年
00:41
I wrote a memo suggesting the global hypertext system.
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我在备忘录中建议使用一种全球的超链接系统
00:44
Nobody really did anything with it, pretty much.
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几乎没有什么人在真正用它
00:47
But 18 months later -- this is how innovation happens --
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但是，18个月后 - 革新就是这么开始的
00:51
18 months later, my boss said I could do it on the side,
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18个月后，老板说，我可以兼职做这件事
00:55
as a sort of a play project,
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做一种游戏性质的项目
00:57
kick the tires of a new computer we'd got.
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就拿我们新买来的电脑
00:59
And so he gave me the time to code it up.
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他给了我些时间写代码实现
01:02
So I basically roughed out what HTML should look like:
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我草拟了下HTML应该是什么样子
01:07
hypertext protocol, HTTP;
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超文本协议 - HTTP -
01:10
the idea of URLs, these names for things
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关于URLs 的想法 - 事物的名称
01:13
which started with HTTP.
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这些事物都是以HTTP开头命名的
01:15
I wrote the code and put it out there.
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我完成了代码并发布出来。
01:17
Why did I do it?
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我为什么要这么做？
01:19
Well, it was basically frustration.
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这是一个充满挫败感的过程
01:21
I was frustrated -- I was working as a software engineer
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我感到很挫败 - 因为我作为名软件工程师
01:25
in this huge, very exciting lab,
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工作在这个令人兴奋的超大的实验室中
01:27
lots of people coming from all over the world.
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很多人从世界各地来到这里
01:29
They brought all sorts of different computers with them.
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他们的电脑各不相同
01:32
They had all sorts of different data formats,
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数据格式各不相同
01:35
all sorts, all kinds of documentation systems.
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文件系统各不相同
01:37
So that, in all that diversity,
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所以，这其中有很大的差异性
01:40
if I wanted to figure out how to build something
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如果我想建立一点点东西
01:42
out of a bit of this and a bit of this,
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在这些差异性很大的电脑上
01:44
everything I looked into, I had to connect to some new machine,
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我要找一些数据，我不得不连接到一些新的机器
01:48
I had to learn to run some new program,
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运行一些新的程序
01:50
I would find the information I wanted in some new data format.
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以便我能在新的数据格式中找到一些信息
01:55
And these were all incompatible.
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这些都是不兼容的
01:57
It was just very frustrating.
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这非常令人沮丧
01:59
The frustration was all this unlocked potential.
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这种挫败感却正显示出这个项目的潜力所在
02:01
In fact, on all these discs there were documents.
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事实上，这些磁盘里全是文件
02:04
So if you just imagined them all
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所以如果你仅仅把他们
02:07
being part of some big, virtual documentation system in the sky,
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想象成天空中某些大型虚拟文件系统的一部分
02:12
say on the Internet,
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比如Internet
02:14
then life would be so much easier.
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生活就会简单得多
02:16
Well, once you've had an idea like that it kind of gets under your skin
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这样，一旦你有了这样的想法
02:20
and even if people don't read your memo --
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即使人们并没有读到你的备忘录
02:22
actually he did, it was found after he died, his copy.
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事实上他读到了，因为在他死后，在他的草稿拷贝中
02:25
He had written, "Vague, but exciting," in pencil, in the corner.
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他用铅笔在角落写到“模糊，但是令人兴奋”。
02:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:30
But in general it was difficult -- it was really difficult to explain
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但一般情况下，很难有这样的想法 – 的确很难解释
02:34
what the web was like.
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网络是什么样的
02:36
It's difficult to explain to people now that it was difficult then.
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现在都很难向人们解释，更别提当初了
02:38
But then -- OK, when TED started, there was no web
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但是 - 对，当TED开始时，那时没有网络
02:41
so things like "click" didn't have the same meaning.
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所以像点击这样的事情含义是不同的
02:44
I can show somebody a piece of hypertext,
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我现在可以向某人展示一大堆超链接
02:46
a page which has got links,
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某个包含链接的网页
02:48
and we click on the link and bing -- there'll be another hypertext page.
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我们点击一个链接，然后bing -- 就会转到另一个超链接的页面
02:52
Not impressive.
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没什么令人印象深刻的
02:54
You know, we've seen that -- we've got things on hypertext on CD-ROMs.
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我们已经见到，通过超链接找到CD-ROMs中的内容
02:57
What was difficult was to get them to imagine:
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困难的是把它们想象出来
03:00
so, imagine that that link could have gone
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所以，想象那个链接可以到
03:04
to virtually any document you could imagine.
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任何实际的你能想象得到的文件
03:07
Alright, that is the leap that was very difficult for people to make.
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好的，这个跳跃对于人们是很难做到的
03:11
Well, some people did.
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然而，一些人做到了
03:13
So yeah, it was difficult to explain, but there was a grassroots movement.
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尽管很难解释，但是这是一场草根运动
03:17
And that is what has made it most fun.
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这正是使它好玩的地方
03:21
That has been the most exciting thing,
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也是最令人激动人心的事情
03:23
not the technology, not the things people have done with it,
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不是技术，不是人们用它所做的东西
03:25
but actually the community, the spirit of all these people
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而是实际的交流，所有这些人的思想汇聚
03:27
getting together, sending the emails.
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在一起，发送电子邮件
03:29
That's what it was like then.
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这是那时的情况
03:31
Do you know what? It's funny, but right now it's kind of like that again.
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你知道吗？有趣的是，现在跟那时候又有点像了
03:34
I asked everybody, more or less, to put their documents --
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我问每一个人，他们或多或少都发布过文档
03:36
I said, "Could you put your documents on this web thing?"
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我说“你能把你的文档放到网络上吗？”
03:39
And you did.
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然后，你做了
03:42
Thanks.
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谢谢
03:43
It's been a blast, hasn't it?
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这已经是一场疾风，不是吗？
03:45
I mean, it has been quite interesting
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我的意思是，它已经非常有趣
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because we've found out that the things that happen with the web
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因为我们发现，网络上发生的事情似乎
03:49
really sort of blow us away.
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已经把我们吹到了一边
03:51
They're much more than we'd originally imagined
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现在它的功能得比我们想象的还多
03:53
when we put together the little, initial website
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最初的设计只是想把文档放在一起
03:55
that we started off with.
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在我们最初开始使用网络时
03:57
Now, I want you to put your data on the web.
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现在我想让你把你的数据放在网上
04:00
Turns out that there is still huge unlocked potential.
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还是有巨大的可释放潜力
04:04
There is still a huge frustration
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也有很大的挫败感
04:06
that people have because we haven't got data on the web as data.
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因为我们从网上得到的数据不是我们想要的数据
04:10
What do you mean, "data"? What's the difference -- documents, data?
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你说的数据是什么？文档和数据之间有什么区别？
04:12
Well, documents you read, OK?
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文档是你阅读的东西
04:15
More or less, you read them, you can follow links from them, and that's it.
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或多或少，你都读过，你可以追踪他们的链接，就是这样
04:18
Data -- you can do all kinds of stuff with a computer.
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数据—你可以通过一台电脑使用各种数据
04:20
Who was here or has otherwise seen Hans Rosling's talk?
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谁在这里或者其他地方听过汉斯罗素玲的演讲？
04:26
One of the great -- yes a lot of people have seen it --
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一个伟大的 – 很多人已经看过了 –
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one of the great TED Talks.
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一个伟大的TED演讲
04:32
Hans put up this presentation
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汉斯在他的演示文档中
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in which he showed, for various different countries, in various different colors --
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使用不同的颜色表示不同的国家
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he showed income levels on one axis
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他在一个轴上显示收入水平
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and he showed infant mortality, and he shot this thing animated through time.
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同时他用动画按年份显示婴儿死亡率
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So, he'd taken this data and made a presentation
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他使用这些数据完成了一场演讲，
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which just shattered a lot of myths that people had
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这个演讲打破了很多人
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about the economics in the developing world.
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对发展中国家经济的神话
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He put up a slide a little bit like this.
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他展示了一个类似的幻灯片
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It had underground all the data
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数据都被埋在地下
05:00
OK, data is brown and boxy and boring,
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对，数据是这些棕色的、无趣的四方盒子
05:03
and that's how we think of it, isn't it?
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我们就是这样看待数据的，不是吗？
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Because data you can't naturally use by itself
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因为，你不能漫无目的地使用数据
05:08
But in fact, data drives a huge amount of what happens in our lives
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但事实上，数据驱动了我们的生活
05:12
and it happens because somebody takes that data and does something with it.
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因为某些人使用了数据并且做了些事情
05:15
In this case, Hans had put the data together
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在这个例子中，汉斯将数据放到了一起
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he had found from all kinds of United Nations websites and things.
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汉斯在美国网站找到各种数据和事物
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He had put it together,
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他把数据放到了一起
05:24
combined it into something more interesting than the original pieces
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将它们组合起来使之比原始数据有趣得多
05:27
and then he'd put it into this software,
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然后把数据放到这个软件中
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which I think his son developed, originally,
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这个软件我觉得是他儿子开发的
05:34
and produces this wonderful presentation.
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最终他做出了这个美妙的演示
05:37
And Hans made a point
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最后汉斯说道
05:39
of saying, "Look, it's really important to have a lot of data."
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“瞧，有大量的数据是非常重要的”
05:43
And I was happy to see that at the party last night
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我高兴地看到在昨天的晚会上
05:46
that he was still saying, very forcibly, "It's really important to have a lot of data."
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他仍然强烈地表示“有大量数据是非常重要的”
05:50
So I want us now to think about
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现在我想让大家想的是
05:52
not just two pieces of data being connected, or six like he did,
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不仅仅是两条数据间的连接，或者像他所说的那样六条数据
05:56
but I want to think about a world where everybody has put data on the web
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而是这个世界上任何人
06:01
and so virtually everything you can imagine is on the web
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都把数据和可以虚拟化的一切内容放到网络上
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and then calling that linked data.
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然后把它们称为关联数据
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The technology is linked data, and it's extremely simple.
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这个技术就是关联数据，它是极其简单的
06:07
If you want to put something on the web there are three rules:
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如果你想把什么东西放在网络，有三条规则
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first thing is that those HTTP names --
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第一条规则是，需要有HTTP的名字
06:14
those things that start with "http:" --
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那些东西要以http：开头
06:16
we're using them not just for documents now,
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我们现在不仅对文档这样用
06:20
we're using them for things that the documents are about.
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对文档描述的事物也这样用
06:22
We're using them for people, we're using them for places,
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我们对人物、地点
06:24
we're using them for your products, we're using them for events.
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产品，事件等都这样用
06:28
All kinds of conceptual things, they have names now that start with HTTP.
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所有概念化的东西现在都以HTTP开头命名
06:32
Second rule, if I take one of these HTTP names and I look it up
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第二条规则，如果我有一个HTTP名称，然后我根据它在网络上进行查找
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and I do the web thing with it and I fetch the data
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我可以从网上获取数据
06:39
using the HTTP protocol from the web,
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通过HTTP协议
06:41
I will get back some data in a standard format
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我将得到一些标准的格式化数据
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which is kind of useful data that somebody might like to know
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这些有用数据或许是关于人们希望了解
06:49
about that thing, about that event.
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某个事物或者事件的
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Who's at the event? Whatever it is about that person,
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事件的主人公是谁？关于这个人的所有信息
06:53
where they were born, things like that.
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他们什么时候生的，等等
06:55
So the second rule is I get important information back.
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所以，第二条规则就是我通过HTTP获得了重要的数据
06:57
Third rule is that when I get back that information
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第三条规则是，我得到的信息
07:01
it's not just got somebody's height and weight and when they were born,
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不仅仅是某人的身高、体重和出生日期
07:04
it's got relationships.
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还有数据间的关系
07:06
Data is relationships.
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数据是有联系的
07:08
Interestingly, data is relationships.
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很有趣，数据是有联系的
07:10
This person was born in Berlin; Berlin is in Germany.
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这个人出生在柏林，柏林在德国
07:14
And when it has relationships, whenever it expresses a relationship
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当数据有联系时，无论何时它表现出这种联系
07:17
then the other thing that it's related to
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另一件与之有联系的事物
07:20
is given one of those names that starts HTTP.
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就以HTTP开头命名
07:24
So, I can go ahead and look that thing up.
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所以，我可以直接去找那件事
07:26
So I look up a person -- I can look up then the city where they were born; then
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比如，我查一个人 -- 我查他出生的城市
07:29
I can look up the region it's in, and the town it's in,
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这个城市的所在区域，城市的城镇
07:32
and the population of it, and so on.
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人口等等
07:35
So I can browse this stuff.
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这样我就能浏览这些信息
07:37
So that's it, really.
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真的，就是这样
07:39
That is linked data.
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这就是关联数据
07:41
I wrote an article entitled "Linked Data" a couple of years ago
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我多年前在一篇文章中给它命名为“关联数据”
07:44
and soon after that, things started to happen.
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之后不久，有些事开始发生了
07:48
The idea of linked data is that we get lots and lots and lots
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关联数据的想法就像我们得到了很多很多
07:52
of these boxes that Hans had,
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类似汉斯拥有的盒子
07:54
and we get lots and lots and lots of things sprouting.
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很多很多的事物开始发芽生长
07:56
It's not just a whole lot of other plants.
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它带给我们相当多的植物
07:59
It's not just a root supplying a plant,
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不仅仅是一个根供给一个植物
08:01
but for each of those plants, whatever it is --
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对于这的每一个植物，无论它是什么
08:04
a presentation, an analysis, somebody's looking for patterns in the data --
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一个演示，一个分析，某些人查看数据的样式
08:07
they get to look at all the data
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它们都着眼于所有的数据
08:10
and they get it connected together,
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并且它们把数据联系起来
08:12
and the really important thing about data
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关于数据真正重要的是
08:14
is the more things you have to connect together, the more powerful it is.
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你把很多东西联系起来，数据就更加有价值
08:16
So, linked data.
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所以，关联数据
08:18
The meme went out there.
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由此而来
08:20
And, pretty soon Chris Bizer at the Freie Universitat in Berlin
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很快，来自柏林自由大学的克里斯拜泽
08:24
who was one of the first people to put interesting things up,
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做为第一人把有趣的东西放在一起
08:26
he noticed that Wikipedia --
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他注意到维基百科
08:28
you know Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia
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一部在线百科全书
08:31
with lots and lots of interesting documents in it.
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有很多有趣的文档
08:33
Well, in those documents, there are little squares, little boxes.
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在这些文档中，有些小方格子和小盒子
08:37
And in most information boxes, there's data.
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在许多信息盒子中，就是数据
08:40
So he wrote a program to take the data, extract it from Wikipedia,
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他写了 一个程序将数据从维基百科中提取出来
08:44
and put it into a blob of linked data
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然后将它放到关联数据的blob（二进制大对象）中
08:46
on the web, which he called dbpedia.
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在网络上，被他称之为dbpedia（数据库百科）
08:49
Dbpedia is represented by the blue blob in the middle of this slide
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这张幻灯片中部蓝色的blob表示Dbpedia
08:53
and if you actually go and look up Berlin,
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如果你去找柏林
08:55
you'll find that there are other blobs of data
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你会发现还有其他的数据
08:57
which also have stuff about Berlin, and they're linked together.
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也有柏林的信息，它们被联系到了一起
09:00
So if you pull the data from dbpedia about Berlin,
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所以，如果你要从dbpedia中摘出关于柏林的数据
09:03
you'll end up pulling up these other things as well.
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你也最终会摘出其他内容
09:05
And the exciting thing is it's starting to grow.
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令人兴奋的事情是它正在成长
09:08
This is just the grassroots stuff again, OK?
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这又是一个草根做的事情，对吗？
09:10
Let's think about data for a bit.
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让我们多想想数据
09:13
Data comes in fact in lots and lots of different forms.
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数据实际上来源于很多很多不同的形式
09:16
Think of the diversity of the web. It's a really important thing
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想想网络的多样性，很重要的一点
09:19
that the web allows you to put all kinds of data up there.
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网络允许你将各式各样的数据放在一起
09:22
So it is with data. I could talk about all kinds of data.
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说到数据，我能说出各种各样的数据
09:25
We could talk about government data, enterprise data is really important,
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我们可以说政府数据，企业数据真的很重要
09:29
there's scientific data, there's personal data,
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还有科学数据，个人数据
09:32
there's weather data, there's data about events,
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天气数据，关于事件的数据
09:34
there's data about talks, and there's news and there's all kinds of stuff.
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关于谈话的数据，还有新闻和各种类似的东西
09:38
I'm just going to mention a few of them
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我只提到了一小部分数据
09:41
so that you get the idea of the diversity of it,
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你们就可以看出其多样性
09:43
so that you also see how much unlocked potential.
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所以你可以看到其中的潜力
09:47
Let's start with government data.
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让我们从政府数据说起
09:49
Barack Obama said in a speech,
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让我们从政府数据说起
09:51
that he -- American government data would be available on the Internet
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美国的政府数据将在互联网上被应用
09:56
in accessible formats.
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以一种可访问的形式
09:58
And I hope that they will put it up as linked data.
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美国的政府数据将在互联网上以一种可访问的形式被应用
10:00
That's important. Why is it important?
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这非常重要，难道不是吗？
10:02
Not just for transparency, yeah transparency in government is important,
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不仅仅是为了透明性，透明性对政府很重要
10:05
but that data -- this is the data from all the government departments
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尤其是从政府部门出来的数据更重要
10:08
Think about how much of that data is about how life is lived in America.
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想想有多少关系到在美国如何生活的数据
10:13
It's actual useful. It's got value.
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它的确很有用，很有价值
10:15
I can use it in my company.
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我可以把它用在我的公司
10:17
I could use it as a kid to do my homework.
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我可以像个小孩子般把它用在我的家庭作业中
10:19
So we're talking about making the place, making the world run better
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所以，我们谈论的是让世界变得更好
10:22
by making this data available.
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通过将这些数据变得更有用
10:24
In fact if you're responsible -- if you know about some data
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事实上，如果你们在负责 - 如果你知道一些数据
10:28
in a government department, often you find that
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关于政府的， 你经常会发现
10:30
these people, they're very tempted to keep it --
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有些人，他们会被这些数据所吸引
10:33
Hans calls it database hugging.
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Hans称之为数据库拥抱
10:36
You hug your database, you don't want to let it go
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你拥抱你的数据库，你不会放它走
10:38
until you've made a beautiful website for it.
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直到你为它建立了一个漂亮的网站
10:40
Well, I'd like to suggest that rather --
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嗯，我想建议的是，除了建一个漂亮的网站
10:42
yes, make a beautiful website,
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是的，建一个漂亮的网站
10:44
who am I to say don't make a beautiful website?
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我没说不要建一个漂亮的网站
10:46
Make a beautiful website, but first
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建一个漂亮的网站，首先
10:49
give us the unadulterated data,
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要给我们纯粹的数据
10:52
we want the data.
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我们要的是数据
10:54
We want unadulterated data.
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我们要纯粹的数据
10:56
OK, we have to ask for raw data now.
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好，现在我们不得不要求原始数据了
10:59
And I'm going to ask you to practice that, OK?
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我要请你们练习一下，好吗？
11:01
Can you say "raw"?
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请说“原始”
11:02
Audience: Raw.
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原始
11:03
Tim Berners-Lee: Can you say "data"?
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请说“数据”
11:04
Audience: Data.
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数据
11:05
TBL: Can you say "now"?
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请说‘现在“
11:06
Audience: Now!
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现在
11:07
TBL: Alright, "raw data now"!
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好，原始数据现在！
11:09
Audience: Raw data now!
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原始数据现在！
11:11
Practice that. It's important because you have no idea the number of excuses
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这样练习是非常重要的
11:15
people come up with to hang onto their data
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因为你不知道那些拥有数据的人
11:17
and not give it to you, even though you've paid for it as a taxpayer.
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有多少理由拒绝将数据给你，甚至你作为一个纳税人是为此付了钱的
11:21
And it's not just America. It's all over the world.
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这不仅仅存在于美国，全世界都一样
11:23
And it's not just governments, of course -- it's enterprises as well.
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也不仅仅在政府，当然也存在于企业。
11:26
So I'm just going to mention a few other thoughts on data.
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我还想再谈谈关于数据的其他想法
11:29
Here we are at TED, and all the time we are very conscious
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在TED，我们一直关注于
11:34
of the huge challenges that human society has right now --
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人类社会目前所面临的巨大问题
11:39
curing cancer, understanding the brain for Alzheimer's,
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癌症治疗，了解阿尔茨海默病
11:42
understanding the economy to make it a little bit more stable,
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了解经济好让它稳定点
11:45
understanding how the world works.
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了解世界是如何运转的
11:47
The people who are going to solve those -- the scientists --
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那些致力于解决这些问题的科学家
11:49
they have half-formed ideas in their head,
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他们脑海中有些还不成熟的想法
11:51
they try to communicate those over the web.
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他们试图在网络上与他人交流
11:54
But a lot of the state of knowledge of the human race at the moment
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但是现状是很多人类的知识
11:57
is on databases, often sitting in their computers,
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现在都在数据库中，放在他们的电脑里
12:00
and actually, currently not shared.
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现在实际上也没被共享
12:03
In fact, I'll just go into one area --
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事实上，我就从一个方面来说明 -
12:06
if you're looking at Alzheimer's, for example,
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如果你在研究阿尔茨海默病，以此为例，
12:08
drug discovery -- there is a whole lot of linked data which is just coming out
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以药物发现为例 -- 这个领域具有相当多的刚刚出现的关联数据
12:11
because scientists in that field realize
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因为这个领域的科学家们意识到
12:13
this is a great way of getting out of those silos,
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关联数据是一种很好的方法，可以帮助他们摆脱数据孤岛
12:16
because they had their genomics data in one database
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因为他们在一个数据库中建立了基因图组
12:20
in one building, and they had their protein data in another.
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他们在另一个数据库中建立蛋白质数据
12:23
Now, they are sticking it onto -- linked data --
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现在，他们将基因图组和蛋白质数据形成了关联数据
12:26
and now they can ask the sort of question, that you probably wouldn't ask,
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他们可以问排序的问题，也许你不会问
12:29
I wouldn't ask -- they would.
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我不会问，但是他们会
12:31
What proteins are involved in signal transduction
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哪些蛋白质参与信号转导
12:33
and also related to pyramidal neurons?
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并且也和锥体神经元相关？
12:35
Well, you take that mouthful and you put it into Google.
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当你将这个问题放到Google上搜索
12:38
Of course, there's no page on the web which has answered that question
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自然没有回答结果的页面
12:41
because nobody has asked that question before.
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因为之前没有人问过这样的问题
12:43
You get 223,000 hits --
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虽然你得到了223,000个结果
12:45
no results you can use.
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但是没有一个你用得上
12:47
You ask the linked data -- which they've now put together --
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但是没有一个你用得上 -- 现在他们已经被放到了一起
12:50
32 hits, each of which is a protein which has those properties
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命中32个结果，每一个结果都是与特征相关的蛋白质
12:54
and you can look at.
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并且你可以看到
12:56
The power of being able to ask those questions, as a scientist --
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做为一个科学家， 询问那些问题的能力
12:59
questions which actually bridge across different disciplines --
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那些问题基本上都是跨学科的问题
13:01
is really a complete sea change.
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是真正的C-change
13:04
It's very very important.
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这是非常非常重要的
13:06
Scientists are totally stymied at the moment --
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科学家们那时完全陷入了困境
13:08
the power of the data that other scientists have collected is locked up
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因为其他科学家搜集的数据，其价值被锁起来了
13:13
and we need to get it unlocked so we can tackle those huge problems.
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我们需要将之解锁，以便处理那些大问题
13:16
Now if I go on like this, you'll think that all the data comes from huge institutions
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现在，如果我继续像这样讲
13:20
and has nothing to do with you.
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和你没有一点关系
13:23
But, that's not true.
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但是，这种想法并不对
13:25
In fact, data is about our lives.
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事实上，数据关乎我们的生活
13:27
You just -- you log on to your social networking site,
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你刚刚登陆了你的社会化网络站点
13:30
your favorite one, you say, "This is my friend."
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你最喜欢的一个，你说“这是我朋友”
13:32
Bing! Relationship. Data.
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叮！联系，数据
13:35
You say, "This photograph, it's about -- it depicts this person. "
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你说“这副照片，是这个人的”
13:38
Bing! That's data. Data, data, data.
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叮！那是数据。数据，数据，数据
13:41
Every time you do things on the social networking site,
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每次你在社会化网络上做的事
13:43
the social networking site is taking data and using it -- re-purposing it --
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社会化网络站点就获取数据并利用它
13:47
and using it to make other people's lives more interesting on the site.
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重新设计数据的目的是为了让这个站点的其他人过得更有趣
13:51
But, when you go to another linked data site --
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但是，当你上另一个关联数据网站
13:53
and let's say this is one about travel,
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假设是一个旅游网站
13:56
and you say, "I want to send this photo to all the people in that group,"
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你说“我想把这张照片发给那个组里的所有人”
13:59
you can't get over the walls.
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但你却无法翻过这些墙
14:01
The Economist wrote an article about it, and lots of people have blogged about it --
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经济学家曾经写了一篇关于这个问题的文章，并且许多人也发了相关博文表示出
14:03
tremendous frustration.
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巨大的挫败感
14:04
The way to break down the silos is to get inter-operability
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打破孤岛的方式是实现互操作
14:06
between social networking sites.
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在这些社交网络之间
14:08
We need to do that with linked data.
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我们需要通过关联数据做这件事
14:10
One last type of data I'll talk about, maybe it's the most exciting.
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最后一种我将要谈到的数据，也许是最令人激动的
14:13
Before I came down here, I looked it up on OpenStreetMap
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在我来这之前，我通过OpenStreetMap查找了一下
14:16
The OpenStreetMap's a map, but it's also a Wiki.
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OpenStreetMap是一个地图，但同样也是一个维基
14:18
Zoom in and that square thing is a theater -- which we're in right now --
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放大这个方块，这是一个剧场 -- 就是我们现在所处的地方 --
14:21
The Terrace Theater. It didn't have a name on it.
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特伦斯剧场（位于长滩市，加利福尼亚）。它现在还没有被标上名字
14:23
So I could go into edit mode, I could select the theater,
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所以我可以到编辑模式，选择剧场
14:25
I could add down at the bottom the name, and I could save it back.
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然后在底下填上名字，然后保存它
14:30
And now if you go back to the OpenStreetMap. org,
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现在你再去访问OpenStreetMap.org
14:33
and you find this place, you will find that The Terrace Theater has got a name.
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你找到这个地方，你会发现它现在有名字了
14:36
I did that. Me!
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这都是我做的
14:38
I did that to the map. I just did that!
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我在地图上标的，刚刚做的
14:40
I put that up on there. Hey, you know what?
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我把它标注在那里。嗨，你知道吗
14:42
If I -- that street map is all about everybody doing their bit
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如果除了我，每个人都在这个地图上标注一点
14:45
and it creates an incredible resource
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将会产生难以置信的资源
14:48
because everybody else does theirs.
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因为其他每个人都做了
14:51
And that is what linked data is all about.
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这就是关联数据
14:54
It's about people doing their bit
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每个人都做一点
14:57
to produce a little bit, and it all connecting.
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生成一点内容，然后把它们连接起来
15:00
That's how linked data works.
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关联数据就是这样工作的
15:03
You do your bit. Everybody else does theirs.
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你做一些，每个人都做一些
15:07
You may not have lots of data which you have yourself to put on there
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也许你的数据在关联数据中只是很小一部分
15:11
but you know to demand it.
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但你知道你需要它
15:14
And we've practiced that.
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我们已经在实践了
15:16
So, linked data -- it's huge.
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关联数据 -- 是非常巨大的
15:20
I've only told you a very small number of things
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我只能告诉你很小一部分
15:23
There are data in every aspect of our lives,
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我们生活的每个方面
15:25
every aspect of work and pleasure,
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工作和快乐的每个方面
15:28
and it's not just about the number of places where data comes,
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不管是数据出处的有多少
15:31
it's about connecting it together.
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关键是把它联系起来
15:34
And when you connect data together, you get power
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当你把数据联系起来
15:37
in a way that doesn't happen just with the web, with documents.
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你能从这样的方式中获取在网络或文档中无法获取的能量
15:40
You get this really huge power out of it.
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你能从中得到巨大的能量
15:44
So, we're at the stage now
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现在我们处在一个阶段
15:47
where we have to do this -- the people who think it's a great idea.
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我们必须要做的阶段 -- 那些认为这是个伟大想法的人们
15:51
And all the people -- and I think there's a lot of people at TED who do things because --
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而且所有人 -- 我想在TED的大部分人
15:54
even though there's not an immediate return on the investment
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他们做事情并不是为了要使投资得到立即的回报
15:56
because it will only really pay off when everybody else has done it --
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因为只有当每个人都这么做了才会有所回报
15:59
they'll do it because they're the sort of person who just does things
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他们将会这么做，因为他们是那类人
16:03
which would be good if everybody else did them.
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那类希望每个人都参与进来而让事情变好的人
16:06
OK, so it's called linked data.
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OK，这就是关联数据
16:08
I want you to make it.
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我希望你参与
16:10
I want you to demand it.
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我希望你需要它
16:12
And I think it's an idea worth spreading.
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我也认为这个想法值得宣扬
16:14
Thanks.
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谢谢
16:15
(Applause)
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谢谢
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Berners-Lee - InventorTim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. He leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), overseeing the Web's standards and development.
Why you should listen
In the 1980s, scientists at CERN were asking themselves how massive, complex, collaborative projects -- like the fledgling LHC -- could be orchestrated and tracked. Tim Berners-Lee, then a contractor, answered by inventing the World Wide Web. This global system of hypertext documents, linked through the Internet, brought about a massive cultural shift ushered in by the new tech and content it made possible: AOL, eBay, Wikipedia, TED.com...
Berners-Lee is now director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which maintains standards for the Web and continues to refine its design. Recently he has envisioned a "Semantic Web" -- an evolved version of the same system that recognizes the meaning of the information it carries. He's the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL) at the MIT, where he also heads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG). He is also a Professor in the Electronics and Computer Science Department at the University of Southampton, UK.
Tim Berners-Lee | Speaker | TED.com