TED2010
Jane McGonigal: Gaming can make a better world
Jane McGonigal：游戏创造美好生活
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像《魔兽世界》这样的游戏，提供了一个让玩家在虚拟空间充当救世主的角色，并且同时激励这些玩家学习那些英雄们所具有的良好品质。那么我们能否利用这种机制去解决现实世界中的问题呢？Jane McGonigal说可以，并且给出了她的理由。
Jane McGonigal - Game Designer
Reality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how. Full bio
Reality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer.
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我叫JaneMcGonigal，我是一名游戏设计师
00:17
I've been making games online now for 10 years,
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我从事网络游戏设计已经10年了
00:20
and my goal for the next decade
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我未来十年的目标
00:23
is to try to make it as easy
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就是希望能让
00:25
to save the world in real life
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就像玩网络游戏那样
00:28
as it is to save the world in online games.
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简单的解决现实生活中的问题
00:31
Now, I have a plan for this,
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现在，我将解释一下我这么说的原因
00:33
and it entails convincing more people,
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如果人们能玩到一些更大型、更优秀的游戏
00:36
including all of you, to spend more time
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当然包括在座的诸位，并且能花费更多的时间在游戏上
00:39
playing bigger and better games.
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你会觉得我的解释更有说服力
00:41
Right now we spend three billion hours a week
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现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
00:44
playing online games.
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现如今的人们用在网络游戏上的时间可以达到每周30亿小时
00:46
Some of you might be thinking,
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你们当中有些人可能会觉得
00:48
"That's a lot of time to spend playing games.
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“花费了这么多时间玩游戏啊”
00:50
Maybe too much time, considering
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也许有些多了，因为考虑到
00:52
how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world."
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现实生活中有很多的紧迫的问题需要我们去处理
00:55
But actually, according to my research
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但是，根据我在未来问题研究所
00:57
at The Institute For The Future,
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对相关问题的研究
00:59
it's actually the opposite is true.
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我们花费在游戏上的时间一点也不多
01:02
Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough
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每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
01:04
game play to solve the world's most urgent problems.
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每周30亿小时的游戏世间对于解决现实生活中的问题来说远远不足
01:07
In fact, I believe that if we want to survive
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事实上，我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:10
the next century on this planet,
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事实上，我觉得为了能更好得在地球上生存
01:12
we need to increase that total dramatically.
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我们需要大量增加游戏时间
01:14
I've calculated the total we need
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我曾经计算过，我们所需要的游戏时间
01:16
at 21 billion hours of game play every week.
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是每周210亿小时
01:20
So, that's probably a bit of a counterintuitive idea,
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也许这有些违背常理
01:23
so I'll say it again, let it sink in:
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但，我想重新说一遍，以便于让这种观念被充分理解
01:26
If we want to solve problems like hunger,
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如果我们想解决诸如饥饿、
01:28
poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity,
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贫困、气候变化、全球冲突、肥胖等问题
01:31
I believe that we need to aspire
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我坚信我们需要被鼓励
01:33
to play games online
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人们去玩网络游戏
01:35
for at least 21 billion hours a week,
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而且每周至少210亿小时
01:37
by the end of the next decade. (Laughter)
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当然，这将会在十年以后（笑声）
01:39
No. I'm serious. I am.
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其实，我是很认真的，不是玩笑
01:42
Here's why. This picture pretty much
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这里是解释，我们把这种场景集合起来
01:44
sums up why I think games are so essential
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就是之所以游戏对人类种族
01:46
to the future survival of the human species. (Laughter) Truly.
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能在未来生存非常重要的原因。（笑声）真的
01:50
This is a portrait by a photographer named Phil Toledano.
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这是一幅由Phil Toldano拍摄的肖像
01:53
He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming,
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他想捕捉玩游戏时的一些情感变化
01:56
so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing.
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因此，他把摄影仪器放在正在玩游戏的游戏玩家面前
01:58
And this is a classic gaming emotion.
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这是一幅游戏玩家的经典表情
02:02
Now, if you're not a gamer,
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现在，如果你不是一个游戏玩家
02:04
you might miss some of the nuance in this photo.
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你就不会察觉出这幅照片中的真正内涵
02:06
You probably see the sense of urgency,
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你可能会感觉到紧迫、
02:09
a little bit of fear, but intense concentration,
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一丝的恐惧，而不是精神的高度集中
02:12
deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem.
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抑或者是集中精力在解决一个难题
02:16
If you are a gamer, you will notice
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如果你是一位游戏玩家，你就会感觉到一些不同东西
02:18
a few nuances here: the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth
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眼角周围的褶皱是向上的，包括嘴角周围的褶皱也是一样的
02:22
is a sign of optimism,
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这是一个非常乐观的迹象
02:24
and the eyebrows up is surprise.
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并且，眉毛向上翘起是惊讶的标志
02:26
This is a gamer who is on the verge of something called
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这说明，这个游戏玩家即将在游戏中获得史诗般胜利
02:29
an epic win.
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（如诗般美妙的巨大胜利，难以想象的胜利）
02:31
(Laughter)
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笑声
02:32
Oh, you've heard of that. OK, good,
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你们曾经听说过这个词，不错
02:34
so we have some gamers among us.
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也就是说你们当中有些是游戏玩家
02:36
An epic win is an outcome
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这个史诗般的胜利是一个结果
02:38
that is so extraordinarily positive
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但是它非常令人振奋
02:40
you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it.
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在得到这个胜利之前你甚至不曾想到竟然能取得成功
02:43
It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination.
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这个成功甚至超出了你的想象
02:46
And when you get there you are shocked
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当你一旦达到并完成，你就会被自己的技能所震撼
02:48
to discover what you are truly capable of. That is an epic win.
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这就是所谓的“史诗般的胜利”
02:51
This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win.
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而这个玩家即将取得这样的胜利
02:53
And this is the face that we need to see
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同时，这也是在下个世纪，
02:56
on millions of problem-solvers all over the world
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我们所期望的在处理全球众多问题
02:59
as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century --
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排除各种障碍时露出的表情
03:02
the face of someone who, against all odds
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能排除万难的人
03:05
is on the verge of an epic win.
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是无往不胜的
03:07
Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see
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现在，不幸的是，当我们处理日常生活中各种紧急事件的时候，
03:10
in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems.
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我们往往看到的是这个表情
03:13
This is what I call the "I'm Not Good At Life" face,
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通常我称这个为“不擅长生活”表情
03:15
and this is actually me making it. Can you see? Yes. Good.
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事实上是我自己做出的这个，能否从中看出来呢？好的
03:18
This is actually me making the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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这就是我做出的“不擅长生活”表情
03:21
This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood
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这也是我在加州的伯克利的一个老社区进修我的博士学位时的
03:23
in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD
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一个涂鸦
03:25
on why we're better in games than we are in real life.
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而我读博士研究的课题就是“为什么我们觉得虚拟游戏世界比现实世界更好”
03:29
And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have.
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同时这也是一个很多游戏玩家的难题
03:31
We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games.
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我们感觉自己无法像在游戏中一样适应现实生活
03:35
And I don't mean just good as in successful,
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我不认为适应就是成功，二者不是等价的
03:37
although that's part of it.
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纵然适应是成功的一部分
03:39
We do achieve more in game worlds. But I also
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我们确实在游戏世界中收获更多的成功
03:41
mean good as in
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但是这里所说的适应
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motivated to do something that matters,
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就是指去做紧要事情的内在动力、
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inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.
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激起合作的灵感以及协作
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And when we're in game worlds
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当我们处于游戏世界时
03:49
I believe that many of us become
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我觉得我们可以做最好的自己
03:51
the best version of ourselves, the most likely to help at a moment's notice,
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这时看到一个消息我们就会去帮助别人
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the most likely to stick with a problem
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并且会持之以恒的解决一个问题
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as long at it takes, to get up after failure and try again.
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面对挫折我们会勇敢得站起来，并且继续奋斗
03:59
And in real life, when we face failure,
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但，在现实生活中，当我们面对失败的时候
04:03
when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way.
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当我们遭遇障碍的时候，我们通常就不会那么感觉了
04:05
We feel overcome,
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我们通常会觉得
04:07
we feel overwhelmed,
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很压抑、不知所措、
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we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.
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不知所措、焦虑，甚至沮丧、灰心或者愤世嫉俗
04:12
We never have those feelings when we're playing games,
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这个时候我们就没有玩游戏那个时候的感受了
04:14
they just don't exist in games.
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在游戏中就不会存在这些感觉
04:16
So, that's what I wanted to study
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这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
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when I was a graduate student.
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这就是我在读研究生时研究的东西
04:20
What about games makes it impossible
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游戏能否让我们觉得，
04:22
to feel that we can't achieve everything?
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做不成任何事情是不可能的呢？
04:24
How can we take those feelings from games
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我们怎么才能把从游戏中获得的这种感觉
04:27
and apply them to real-world work?
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转移到现实社会的工作中呢
04:29
So, I looked at games like World of Warcraft,
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因此，我研究了一些像《魔兽世界》这样的游戏
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which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment.
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它们正是理想的解决协作问题的平台
04:34
And I started to notice a few things
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我注意到一些事情
04:36
that make epic wins so possible in online worlds.
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正是这些事情让史诗般的胜利在网络游戏里面变得可能
04:39
So, the first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games,
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第一件事情是，无论何时当你出现在这些网络游戏里面的时候
04:42
especially in World of Warcraft,
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特别是《魔兽世界》
04:44
there are lots and lots of different characters
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游戏里面会有很多不同的角色
04:47
who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away.
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他们对你非常信任，并且会帮助你完成拯救世界的任务
04:51
But not just any mission, it's a mission that is perfectly matched
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但并不是所有的任务都是这样，
04:54
with your current level in the game. Right?
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而仅仅是那些完全匹配你当前等级的任务
04:56
So, you can do it.
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因此，你有能力去完成它
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They never give you a challenge that you can't achieve.
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设计者不会给你一个就你当前的能力完成不了的任务
05:00
But it is on the verge of what you're capable of. So, you have to try hard,
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但完成这个任务需要发挥你能力的极限，因此，你必须尽你最大努力
05:04
but there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft.
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在魔兽世界里人人都有自己的职位
05:06
There is no sitting around wringing your hands,
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那里没有观众
05:08
there's always something specific and important to be done.
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那里一直有一些非常特别并且很重要的事情等着你去完成
05:11
And there are also tons of collaborators.
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并且游戏世界里有很多的人可以协作
05:13
Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people
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不论你到了哪里，
05:15
ready to work with you
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都会有成千上万的人等着和你合作
05:17
to achieve your epic mission.
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去完成那些艰巨的任务
05:19
That's not something that we have in real life that easily,
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在现实生活中就没有这么轻松了
05:21
this sense that at our fingertips
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这种在我们指尖间就有成千上万合作伙伴的感觉
05:23
are tons of collaborators.
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在现实生活中就没有这么简单了
05:25
And also there is this epic story, this inspiring story
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在游戏中会有美妙的故事情节，而这些情节
05:27
of why we're there, and what we're doing.
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吸引了我们，并且激励着我们的所作所为
05:29
And then we get all this positive feedback.
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同时，对于我们所做出的任何努力都会有一个积极肯定的回应
05:31
You guys have heard of leveling up and plus-one strength,
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你们肯定听说过等级提升，
05:33
and plus-one intelligence.
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伴随着等级提升力量加一点同时智力加一点
05:35
We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life.
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而我们在现实生活中就没有这种持续的回馈
05:37
When I get off this stage I'm not going to have
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比如说，当我走下这个舞台的时候，我不会有
05:40
plus-one speaking, and plus-one crazy idea,
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演说能力加一，疯狂的创意能力加一
05:43
plus-20 crazy idea.
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更不用说疯狂的创意能力加20了
05:46
I don't get that feedback in real life.
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在现实生活中我没有得到任何奖励
05:48
Now, the problem with collaborative online environments
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在网络虚拟环境中，比如《魔兽世界》
05:51
like World of Warcraft
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在网络虚拟环境中，比如《魔兽世界》
05:53
is that it's so satisfying
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和别人协作是一件非常惬意的事情
05:55
to be on the verge of an epic win all the time
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因为我们可以不停得向最终的胜利冲击
05:57
that we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds.
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也正是因为如此我们才会一直沉醉于游戏世界中
05:59
It's just better than reality.
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因为它比现实更好
06:01
So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers
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到目前为止，《魔兽世界》的游戏玩家们已经花费了总数为593万年的时间
06:04
have spent 5.93 million years
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去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:07
solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.
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去解决艾泽拉斯里面的各种虚拟的问题
06:11
Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.
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这不是一件坏事
06:13
It might sound like it's a bad thing.
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不过听起来像是一件坏事
06:15
But to put that in context:
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我们把这些数字写下来：
06:17
5.93 million years ago
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593万年前
06:19
was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up.
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我们人类的祖先灵长类开始了直立行走
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That was the first upright primate.
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这是第一种直立行走的灵长类动物
06:26
Okay, so when we talk about how much time we're currently investing
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因此，当我们谈论我们在游戏上花费了那么多时间时
06:30
in playing games, the only way it makes sense
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唯一让这件事情合理的理解方式就是：去想一想
06:33
to even think about it is to talk about time
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在人类进化进程中
06:36
at the magnitude of human evolution,
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我们所花费的时间有多少
06:38
which is an extraordinary thing.
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而且这是一件多么不同寻常的事情！
06:40
But it's also apt. Because it turns out
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这样去想是恰当的，因为你会发现
06:42
that by spending all this time playing games,
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通过花费大量的时间去玩游戏
06:44
we're actually changing what we
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我们能改变我们做人的能力
06:46
are capable of as human beings.
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我们能改变我们做人的能力
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We are evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species.
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我们正不断发展成为一个更具有协作精神和更强健的物种
06:51
This is true. I believe this.
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这是真的，我深信不疑
06:53
So, consider this really interesting statistic;
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来看一个有趣的调查
06:56
it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University:
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这份调查结果是由一位来自卡内基梅隆大学的研究者发布的
06:59
The average young person today
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在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家，当今的年轻人
07:01
in a country with a strong gamer culture
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在一个玩游戏氛围很强的国家，当今的年轻人
07:04
will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games
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在其21岁前，平均每人
07:07
by the age of 21.
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花费在网络游戏上的时间可达10000小时
07:09
Now 10,000 hours is a really
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现在，一万小时是一个很有趣的数值
07:11
interesting number for two reasons.
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主要是因为有两个原因
07:13
First of all, for children in the United States
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首先，美国的儿童
07:17
10,080 hours is the exact amount of time
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从五年级到高中毕业
07:20
you will spend in school
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所需要的时间
07:22
from fifth grade to high school graduation
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就是10080个小时
07:24
if you have perfect attendance.
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当然你得表现良好（按时上课，出勤）
07:26
So, we have an entire
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我们就有了一份并行跟踪教育的数据，
07:28
parallel track of education going on
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它显示：
07:30
where young people are learning as much about
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年轻人做一个好的游戏玩家所花费的时间
07:32
what it takes to be a good gamer
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与他们在学校里面学习知识
07:34
as they are learning about everything else in school.
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所用的时间是一样多的
07:36
And some of you have probably read
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你们当中的有些人肯定读过
07:38
Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers."
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MalcomGladwell的新书《局外人》
07:40
So, you would have heard of his theory of success,
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因此你们对作者关于成功理论的见解也就不是那么陌生了
07:42
the 10,000 hour theory of success.
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一万小时成功法则
07:44
It's based on this great cognitive science research
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这个法则是基于认知科学研究的
07:47
that if we can master 10,000 hours
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如果我们在21岁前能花费10000小时
07:50
of effortful study at anything
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专心努力的学习或者是做一些其他的事情，
07:52
by the age of 21, we will be virtuosos at it.
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那么我们一定可以在这些事情上获得巨大成功
07:55
We will be as good at whatever we do
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我们将在我们所做的任何事情上
07:57
as the greatest people in the world.
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成为世界级专家
07:59
And so, now what we're looking at
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现在，我们所关注的就是
08:01
is an entire generation of young people
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擅长游戏的
08:03
who are virtuoso gamers.
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整整一代年轻人
08:06
So, the big question is,
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最大的问题就是
08:09
"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?"
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“这些游戏玩家擅长于做些什么？”
08:12
Because if we could figure that out,
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如果我们能给出答案
08:14
we would have a virtually unprecedented
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我们将会发掘出一个
08:16
human resource on our hands.
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史无前例的人力资源
08:18
This is how many people we now have in the world
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他们就是我们现在所拥有的那些
08:21
who spend at least an hour a day playing online games.
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每天花费至少一小时去玩网络游戏的游戏玩家们
08:23
These are our virtuoso gamers,
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他们都是技艺精湛的游戏高手
08:26
500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something.
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5亿擅长于某些事情的人
08:30
And in the next decade
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在接下来的十年里
08:32
we're going to have another billion gamers
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又会有10亿多擅长于
08:34
who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is.
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某个领域的新游戏玩家加入进来
08:37
If you don't know it already, this is coming.
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如果闻所未闻，那么我告诉你，这件事正在进行
08:39
The game industry is developing consoles
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游戏产业一直在不停的发展
08:41
that are low energy and that work with the wireless phone networks
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现如今，它的低能耗，
08:44
instead of broadband Internet
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以及从宽带互联网到无线手机网络的变革
08:46
so that gamers all over the world,
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让全球的游戏玩家，
08:48
particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online.
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尤其是来自印度、中国、巴西的玩家们，可以在同一个平台里竞技
08:52
They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade.
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据预测，在接下来的十年里将会有10亿的新玩家加入其中
08:54
It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.
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届时，我们就会有15亿之众的游戏玩家
08:57
So, I've started to think about what these games
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因此，我早早的开始了思考，
08:59
are making us virtuosos at.
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这些游戏将把我们引向何方？
09:01
Here are the four things I came up with. The first is urgent optimism.
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对此我觉得大体有四个方面。首先就是对于紧急事件的积极心态，紧急乐观
09:04
OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation.
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把它想象成是极端的自我激励
09:08
Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately
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急切的乐观精神是
09:10
to tackle an obstacle,
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结合着
09:12
combined with the belief
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自己必胜信念
09:14
that we have a reasonable hope of success.
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对立马解决障碍的渴望
09:17
Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible,
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游戏玩家始终相信
09:19
and that it is always worth trying, and trying now.
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不可能取得的胜利也是可能的
09:22
Gamers don't sit around.
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游戏玩家不是孤立的
09:24
Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric.
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他们很擅长组建严密的社会结构
09:28
There's a lot of interesting research that shows
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一项有趣的调查显示
09:30
that we like people better after we play a game with them,
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我们更喜欢那些与我们一同玩游戏的人
09:32
even if they've beaten us badly.
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即便是他们把我打败了，亦是如此
09:34
And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust
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原因就是，在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
09:36
to play a game with someone.
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原因就是，在游戏过程中我们累积了信任
09:38
We trust that they will spend their time with us,
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我们之所以信任，就是因为他们和我们花费同样的时间
09:40
that they will play by the same rules,
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遵守同样的规则
09:42
value the same goal, they'll stay with the game until it's over.
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拥有着共同的目标，我们将肩并肩作战（在一起）直至游戏结束
09:45
And so, playing a game together actually builds up
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基于此，一同游戏的确可以建立
09:47
bonds and trust and cooperation.
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默契、信任和协作
09:50
And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result.
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进而，我们会建立一个更强健的社会关系网络
09:54
Blissful productivity. I love it.
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幸福的生产力，我非常喜欢这个
09:56
You know there's a reason why the average World of Warcraft gamer
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《魔兽世界》的玩家们平均花费
09:58
plays for 22 hours a week,
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一周22小时，
10:00
kind of a half-time job.
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就像一个兼职一样玩游戏是有原因的
10:02
It's because we know, when we're playing a game,
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就是因为，当我们玩游戏的时候
10:04
that we're actually happier
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相对于休闲或者逛街来说，
10:06
working hard than we are relaxing, or hanging out.
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我们加倍努力的玩游戏会让我们更开心
10:09
We know that we are optimized, as human beings,
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作为人类来说，
10:11
to do hard meaningful work.
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我们更喜欢做那些虽然很难但是更有趣的事情（工作）
10:13
And gamers are willing to work hard
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如果能够提供一个合适的任务给游戏玩家，
10:15
all the time, if they're given the right work.
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他们就会一直不停地努力玩下去
10:19
Finally: epic meaning.
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最后，是史诗的含义
10:21
Gamers love to be attached to awe-inspiring missions
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游戏玩家喜欢依附在
10:24
to human planetary-scale stories.
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那些关乎人类星际故事的威严任务里面
10:28
So, just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective:
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你所做的任何一点点的琐事都会成为那个最终的美好愿景的一部分
10:33
So, you all know Wikipedia, biggest wiki in the world.
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大家都听说过维基百科，全球最大的Wiki（wiki是一种在网路上开放、可供多人协同创作的超文本系统）
10:36
Second biggest wiki in the world, with nearly 80,000 articles,
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全球第二大的wiki，
10:40
is the World of Warcraft wiki.
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就是《魔兽世界》wiki，里面大约有8万篇文章
10:42
Five million people use it every month.
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每个月都有500万人在使用它
10:44
They have compiled more information about World of Warcraft
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里面集合的有关《魔兽世界》的信息
10:46
on the Internet than any other
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比网络上任何其他主题的信息
10:48
topic covered on any other wiki in the world.
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都要多
10:51
They are building an epic story.
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这就创造了一个史诗般的故事
10:53
They are building an epic knowledge resource
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同时也创就了一个关于《魔兽世界》的
10:55
about the World of Warcraft.
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如史诗般的巨大的知识资源
10:57
Okay, so these are four superpowers that add up to one thing:
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这就是把那四种超能力集中到一件事情上的例子
11:01
Gamers are super-empowered, hopeful individuals.
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游戏玩家们就是一个被高度授权、极具希望的群体
11:06
These are people who believe that they are individually capable
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他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:09
of changing the world.
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他们都认为自己具有改变世界的能力
11:11
And the only problem is that they believe
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但问题是他们相信自己能改变的世界是
11:13
that they are capable of changing virtual worlds
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虚拟世界，
11:15
and not the real world.
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而不是现实世界
11:17
That's the problem that I'm trying to solve.
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这正是我所努力去解决的难题
11:19
There's an economist named Edward Castronova.
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有一位叫Edward Castronova的经济学家
11:22
His work is brilliant. He looks at why
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他的工作非常卓越。
11:24
people are investing so much time and energy
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他研究人们花费这么多时间、
11:26
and money in online worlds.
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精力和金钱在网络游戏里面的原因
11:28
And he says, "We're witnessing what amounts
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他说：“我们正在见证着大批的人
11:30
to no less than a mass exodus
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沉溺于虚拟世界
11:32
to virtual worlds and online game environments."
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和网络游戏当中”
11:35
And he's an economist. So, he's rational.
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因为他是一位经济学家，所以他是理性的
11:37
And he says ... (Laughter)
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他还说...（笑声）
11:40
Not like me -- I'm a game designer; I'm exuberant.
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不像我，我只是一个游戏设计师，我充满了活力
11:42
But he says
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他还说，玩游戏变得更有意义
11:44
that this makes perfect sense,
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因为游戏玩家在虚拟世界里得到了
11:47
because gamers can achieve more in online worlds than they can in real life.
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比现实生活中更多的东西
11:50
They can have stronger social relationships
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他们在游戏里可以拥有
11:52
in games than they can have in real life;
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比现实生活中更好的社会关系
11:54
they get better feedback and feel more rewarded
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玩家也可以获得比现实生活
11:57
in games than they do in real life.
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中更好的回报以及成就感
11:59
So, he says for now it makes perfect sense
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因此，他说对于游戏玩家而言，
12:01
for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world.
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花费更多的时间在虚拟空间中比现实社会里更有意义
12:04
Now, I also agree that that is rational, for now.
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现在我依然觉得这很理性
12:08
But it is not, by any means, an optimal situation.
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但是，无论如何，这不是最佳选项
12:11
We have to start making the real world more like a game.
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我们不得不从现在开始把现实社会构建得像一个游戏
12:14
So, I take my inspiration from something that happened
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因此，我从发生于2500年前的
12:17
2,500 years ago.
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一些事情中获取灵感
12:19
These are ancient dice, made out of sheep's knuckles. Right?
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这些是古老的骰子，由羊的关节骨制作而成
12:23
Before we had awesome game controllers,
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在我们设计出游戏控制器前
12:25
we had sheep's knuckles.
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我们人类已经拥有了羊关节制作的骰子
12:27
And these represent the first game equipment
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这就是人类设计出的
12:29
designed by human beings.
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最早的游戏器械
12:32
And if you're familiar with the work of the ancient Greek historian
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如果你对古希腊历史学家的作品比较熟悉的话
12:34
Herodotus, you might know this history,
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如古希腊历史学家希罗多德，你就会了解这段历史
12:36
which is the history of
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游戏发明的历史
12:38
who invented games and why.
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是什么以及原因是什么呢
12:40
Herodotus says that games, particularly dice games,
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希罗多德说游戏，特别是骰子游戏
12:43
were invented in the kingdom of Lydia
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是由Lydia（小亚细亚西部的富裕古国）
12:46
during a time of famine.
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王国在一次大饥荒中发明的
12:48
Apparently, there was such a severe famine
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显然，历史上曾经有过这么一次严重的饥荒
12:50
that the king of Lydia decided that they had to do something crazy.
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Lydia国王决定做一些他们不得不做的疯狂的事情
12:54
People were suffering. People were fighting.
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当时人民在遭受痛苦，互相争斗
12:56
It was an extreme situation, they needed
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形式非常危机。
12:58
an extreme solution.
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他们需要一个极端的解决方案
13:00
So, according to Herodotus, they invented dice games
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据希罗多德说，他们因此而发明了骰子游戏
13:03
and they set up a kingdom-wide policy:
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并且制定了一个全国范围内的政策
13:06
On one day, everybody would eat,
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某一天，所有人可以吃东西
13:08
and on the next day, everybody would play games.
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但是第二天，所有人就只能玩游戏
13:11
And they would be so immersed in playing the dice games
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人们专心的玩骰子游戏
13:13
because games are so engaging,
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因为游戏极具吸引力
13:15
and immerse us in such satisfying blissful productivity,
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可以使我们沉浸在如此自我满足的幸福“生产”活动中
13:18
they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat.
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人们就会忘掉他们没有食物可吃的事实
13:21
And then on the next day, they would play games;
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第二天人们就会通过玩游戏度日
13:23
and on the next day, they would eat.
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接下来的第二天他们就会去吃东西
13:25
And according to Herodotus,
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据希罗多德所说
13:27
they passed 18 years this way,
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Lydia国的人民用这种方式度过了18年
13:29
surviving through a famine
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用吃一天、玩游戏玩一天的方式
13:31
by eating on one day and playing games on the next.
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他们顺利的度过了大饥荒
13:33
Now, this is exactly, I think,
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这也是现如今我们
13:35
how we're using games today.
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如何看待游戏的
13:37
We're using games to escape real-world suffering.
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我们通过玩游戏逃避现实中的痛苦
13:40
We're using games to get away from everything that's broken
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我们通过玩游戏来避开现实环境中那些
13:43
in the real environment, everything that's not satisfying about real life,
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残缺不全、不能令人满意的东西
13:46
and we're getting what we need from games.
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同时从中获取我们所需的东西
13:49
But it doesn't have to end there.
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而这个过程可以实现永无止境
13:51
This is really exciting.
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这是令人非常激动的
13:53
According to Herodotus, after 18 years
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据希罗多德所著，在18年后
13:56
the famine wasn't getting better,
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大饥荒没有任何改善、变好的迹象
13:58
so the king decided they would play one final dice game.
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因此，国王决定全国人玩最后一次骰子游戏
14:01
They divided the entire kingdom in half.
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他把全国人平均分成两组
14:05
They played one dice game,
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他们一起玩一场骰子游戏
14:07
and the winners of that game got to go on an epic adventure.
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游戏的胜利一方将会踏上冒险的远征行程
14:10
They would leave Lydia,
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他们将会离开Lydia
14:12
and they would go out in search of a new place to live,
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去寻找一个新地方居住
14:15
leaving behind just enough people
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留下来的人则可以用
14:17
to survive on the resources that were available,
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现存的资源度过饥荒
14:19
and hopefully to take their civilization
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离开的人则肩负着传播、
14:21
somewhere else where they could thrive.
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兴旺文明的重担
14:23
Now, this sounds crazy, right?
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这听起来很疯狂，难道不是吗？
14:25
But recently, DNA evidence
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不过，最近DNA证据显示
14:27
has shown that the Etruscans,
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罗马帝国的祖先——伊楚利亚人（Etruscans）
14:29
who then led to the Roman Empire,
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和古利迪亚人（Lydians）
14:31
actually share the same DNA as the ancient Lydians.
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拥有相同的基因
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And so, recently, scientists have suggested
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最近科学家们发现
14:37
that Herodotus' crazy story is actually true.
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希罗多德的疯狂故事在历史上确有其事
14:39
And geologists have found evidence
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地质学家也寻找到了证据
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of a global cooling that lasted
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表明地球上曾经有过长达20年的全球降温
14:43
for nearly 20 years that could have explained the famine.
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这就可以解释这次大饥荒的由来了
14:46
So, this crazy story might be true.
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因此，这个看似疯狂的故事兴许是真的
14:48
They might have actually
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他们通过玩游戏保留了
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saved their culture by playing games,
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他们的文化
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escaping to games for 18 years,
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并且在游戏中躲避现实长达18年
14:54
and then been so inspired,
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最终得以流传下来
14:56
and knew so much about how to come together with games,
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他们早就参悟出了如何通过游戏把人聚到一起
14:58
that they actually saved the entire civilization that way.
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也正是通过这种方式拯救了整个文明
15:01
Okay, we can do that.
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我们也可以通过这种方式做到
15:03
We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
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人们从1994年开始就在玩魔兽了
15:06
That was the first real-time strategy game
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这是魔兽世界系列里的第一款实时的战略游戏
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from the World of Warcraft series. That was 16 years ago.
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而这就是16年前的事情
15:10
They played dice games for 18 years,
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古人玩骰子游戏长达18年
15:13
we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
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我们则玩魔兽16年
15:15
I say we are ready for our own epic game.
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所以我断言，我们已经准备好去接受一个能改变我们生活的游戏了（史诗般的游戏）
15:18
Now, they had half the civilization
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古人通过所掌握的
15:21
go off in search of a new world,
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二分之一的文明去寻找新世界
15:23
so that's where I get my 21 billion hours a week of game-play from.
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而我们现在则有每周长达210亿小时的玩游戏时间
15:26
Let's get half of us to agree
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让我们中一半的人
15:29
to spend an hour a day playing games,
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每天玩游戏一小时
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until we solve real-world problems.
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直至我们可以去解决现实生活中的问题
15:33
Now, I know you're asking, "How are we going to solve real world problems
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你可能会问，“我们在游戏中如何解决现实中的问题呢？”
15:35
in games?" Well, that's what I have devoted my work to
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这也是我在过去的几年中积极投身
15:38
over the past few years,
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我从事的工作的原因
15:40
at The Institute For The Future.
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我工作的地方叫“未来研究所”
15:42
We have this banner in our offices in Palo Alto,
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这是我们在帕洛阿尔托办公室里的广告
15:44
and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future.
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它给出了我们关于如何看待未来的观点
15:48
We do not want to try to predict the future.
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我们不会试着去预言未来
15:50
What we want to do is make the future.
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但，我们会创造未来
15:53
We want to imagine the best-case scenario outcome,
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我们曾经设想过最好情况的结果
15:55
and then we want to empower people
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然后，我们想通过努力
15:57
to make that outcome a reality.
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让人们将那个设想变成现实
15:59
We want to imagine epic wins,
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我们渴望史诗般的胜利
16:01
and then give people the means to achieve the epic win.
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同时也给予人们实现胜利的途径
16:04
I'm just going to very briefly show you three games that I've made
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我想给大家简短的介绍三款我做的游戏
16:06
that are an attempt to give people the means
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他们都是一些尝试，
16:09
to create epic wins in their own futures.
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尝试着给未来的人们能创造属于自己的史诗般的胜利，提供一些方法
16:11
So, this is World Without Oil.
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这是《无油世界》
16:13
We made this game in 2007.
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这款游戏制作于2007年
16:15
This is an online game in which you try to survive
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这是一款网络游戏，
16:17
an oil shortage.
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它让你在石油短缺的时候设法生存
16:19
The oil shortage is fictional,
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石油短缺是虚构的
16:21
but we put enough online content out there
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但是我们会投入很多的内容在里面
16:24
for you to believe that it's real, and to live your real life
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你就会认为那是真的，并且这会影响你的现实生活
16:27
as if we've run out of oil. So when you come to the game,
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让你感觉我们已经没有石油可用了。因此，当你打开游戏
16:30
you sign up, you tell us where you live,
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注册，并告诉我们你的居住地
16:32
and then we give you real-time news, videos,
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我们就会给你实时的新闻视频数据
16:34
data feeds that show you
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精确地告诉你石油的成本
16:36
exactly how much oil costs,
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精确地告诉你石油的成本
16:38
what's not available, how food supply is being affected,
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什么是不可用，食物供应是如何受到影响的
16:40
how transportation is being affected,
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运输是如何受到影响的
16:42
if schools are closed, if there is rioting,
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并且会告诉你学校是否被关闭，哪里里发生了骚乱
16:44
and you have to figure out how you would live your real life
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如果这一切都是真的，你就会找出如何处理现实生活中的这些问题的方法
16:47
as if this were true. And then we ask you to blog about it,
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我们会要求你将这些东西发布到博客上
16:50
to post videos, to post photos.
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上传视频或者照片
16:52
We piloted this game with 1,700 players in 2007,
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在2007年，有1700人参加了这款游戏的测试
16:55
and we've tracked them for the three years since.
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我们跟踪了这些测试者接下来三年的生活
16:58
And I can tell you that this is a transformative experience.
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我可以告诉诸位的是这是一段极具改造作用的经历
17:00
Nobody wants to change how they live
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没有人希望改变他们的生活方式
17:03
just because it's good for the world, or because we're supposed to.
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或者是因为他们觉得对环境无损，或者是因为他们觉得这顺理成章
17:06
But if you immerse them in an epic adventure
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但是，如果你让他们着沉浸于一个异乎寻常的经历当中
17:09
and tell them, "We've run out of oil.
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并且告诉他们，“我们已经耗尽我们的石油。”
17:11
This is an amazing story and adventure for you to go on.
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这将是你听说的一个美妙的故事和异乎寻常的经历
17:14
Challenge yourself to see how you would survive,"
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挑战自己，看看你将如何生存
17:17
most of our players have kept up the habits
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大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:19
that they learned in this game.
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大部分的游戏玩家保留了他们在游戏中形成的习惯
17:21
So, for the next world-saving game,
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在接下来的一款拯救世界的游戏里
17:23
we decided to aim higher: bigger problem than just peak oil.
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我们的选择的问题比石油短缺变得更难、更大
17:26
We did a game called Superstruct
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我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
17:28
at The Institute For The Future.
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我们在“未来研究所”做了一个叫"Superstruct"的游戏
17:30
And the premise was a supercomputer has calculated
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这个游戏的假设是，
17:33
that humans have only 23 years left on the planet.
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超级计算机经过计算发现人类在地球上只剩下23年的生存时间了
17:36
This supercomputer was called the Global Extinction
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这台超级计算机被称作：
17:38
Awareness System, of course.
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全球灭绝预测系统
17:40
We asked people to come online
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人们在游戏中就像是处在
17:42
almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie.
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杰里.布鲁克海默的电影里
17:44
You know Jerry Bruckheimer movies, you form a dream team --
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大家都知道杰里.布鲁克海默的电影，你组织一个梦之队（精悍的小分队）
17:47
you've got the astronaut, the scientist, the ex-convict,
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你的小分队成员里有宇航员、科学家、曾经的罪犯
17:50
and they all have something to do to save the world.
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他们各自有一些拯救世界的本领
17:52
(Laughter)
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笑声
17:53
But in our game, instead of just having five people
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在我们设计的游戏里，我们没有采用五人小组模式
17:55
on the dream team, we said, "Everybody's on the dream team,
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我们设计成了人人都可以是这个精英小分队的一员
17:58
and it's your job to invent the future of energy,
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你的职责就是开发
18:01
the future of food, the future of health,
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未来的能源、食物、医疗保健、
18:03
the future of security and the future of the social safety net."
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安全体制和全社会安全的网络
18:06
We had 8,000 people play that game for eight weeks.
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我们有8000人玩这个游戏，玩了有8周
18:08
They came up with 500 insanely creative solutions
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他们总结出了500条疯狂但是极具创造力的解决方案
18:12
that you can go online, if you Google "Superstruct," and see.
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如果你能上网，登陆Google搜索关键字"Superstruct"，你就能看到结果
18:14
So, finally, the last game,
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最后一个游戏
18:16
we're launching it March 3rd. This is a game done with the World Bank Institute.
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我们将会在三月三日将其上线。这个游戏是与世界银行学院合作完成的
18:20
If you complete the game you will be certified
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如果你能完成这个游戏，
18:22
by the World Bank Institute,
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你将会获得世界银行学院的认证
18:24
as a Social Innovator, class of 2010.
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成为2010届社会创新者
18:26
Working with universities all over sub-Saharan Africa,
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通过与撒哈拉以南非洲各地的大学的合作
18:30
and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills.
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我们正在邀请他们参加社会创新能力的学习
18:33
We've got a graphic novel, we've got leveling up
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游戏更像一本漫画小说。
18:36
in skills like local insight, knowledge networking,
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我们有关于各项技能的均衡，像深刻的洞察力、知识网络、
18:39
sustainability, vision and resourcefulness.
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可持续性、远见和机智等
18:41
I would like to invite all of you
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我诚挚的邀请诸位能
18:43
to please share this game with young people,
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把这个游戏分享给年轻人
18:45
anywhere in the world, particularly in developing areas,
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无论在世界何处，特别是那些发展中的地区
18:48
who might benefit from coming together
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这个游戏可以把人们集中到一起，让他们开始设想他们自己的社会企业去拯救世界
18:50
to try to start to imagine their own
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人们肯定可以从这个游戏中
18:52
social enterprises to save the world.
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获得灵感（受益）
18:54
So, I'm going to wrap up now.
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我就要结束我的演讲了
18:56
I want to ask a question.
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我想问一个问题
18:58
What do you think happens next?
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将来会发生什么？
19:00
We've got all these amazing gamers,
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我们拥有这么多优秀的游戏玩家
19:02
we've got these games that are kind of pilots of what we might do,
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我们玩的这些游戏里就含有可能是我们未来所要做的事情的试验
19:05
but none of them have saved the real world yet.
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但没有任何事情曾拯救过现实世界
19:07
Well I hope that you will agree with me
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我希望大家能同意我的观点
19:09
that gamers are a human resource
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即，游戏玩家是一个巨大的人力资源库
19:11
that we can use to do real-world work,
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我们可以让他们去完成现实世界的工作
19:14
that games are a powerful platform for change.
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正因为如此，游戏是一个有效的变革平台
19:16
We have all these amazing superpowers:
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我们拥有这些美妙的超能力、
19:18
blissful productivity, the ability
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幸福的生产力、
19:20
to weave a tight social fabric,
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组织严密社会结构的能力
19:22
this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning.
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以及紧急乐观和对史诗意义的渴望
19:26
I really hope that we can come together
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我真诚的希望我们能一起来玩那些好的游戏
19:28
to play games that matter, to survive on this planet for another century.
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籍此在接下来的一个世纪里能生存在这个星球上
19:31
And that's my hope, that you will join me
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我希望大家能加入到我们当中来，
19:33
in making and playing games like this.
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去制作或者是支持这样的游戏
19:35
When I look forward to the next decade,
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当我期待着下一个十年时
19:37
I know two things for sure:
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我对两件事情非常肯定
19:39
that we can make any future we can imagine,
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首先，我们能创造出任何我们所能想象出的未来
19:42
and we can play any games we want.
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其次，我们可以玩任何我们想玩的游戏
19:44
So, I say: Let the world-changing games begin.
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让我们从游戏着手改变这个世界
19:47
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
19:49
(Applause)
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掌声
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane McGonigal - Game DesignerReality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how.
Why you should listen
Jane McGonigal asks: Why doesn't the real world work more like an online game? In the best-designed games, our human experience is optimized: We have important work to do, we're surrounded by potential collaborators, and we learn quickly and in a low-risk environment. In her work as a game designer, she creates games that use mobile and digital technologies to turn everyday spaces into playing fields, and everyday people into teammates. Her game-world insights can explain--and improve--the way we learn, work, solve problems, and lead our real lives. She served as the director of game R&D at the Institute for the Future, and she is the founder of Gameful, which she describes as "a secret headquarters for worldchanging game developers."
Several years ago she suffered a serious concussion, and she created a multiplayer game to get through it, opening it up to anyone to play. In “Superbetter,” players set a goal (health or wellness) and invite others to play with them--and to keep them on track. While most games, and most videogames, have traditionally been about winning, we are now seeing increasing collaboration and games played together to solve problems.
Jane McGonigal | Speaker | TED.com