TED2010
Jane McGonigal: Gaming can make a better world
Jane McGonigal: 電玩讓世界更美好
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《魔獸世界》這樣的遊戲，給予玩家拯救「世界」的方法，讓他們學習怎麼當個英雄。試想，我們可不可以駕馭這種玩家的力量來解決現實世界的問題？Jane McGonigal 認為我們可以的，並解釋應該怎麼做。
Jane McGonigal - Game Designer
Reality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how. Full bio
Reality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm Jane McGonigal. I'm a game designer.
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我叫Jane McGonigal。我是個遊戲設計師。
00:17
I've been making games online now for 10 years,
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我從事線上遊戲製作十年了。
00:20
and my goal for the next decade
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而我未來十年的目標
00:23
is to try to make it as easy
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是試著讓
00:25
to save the world in real life
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拯救現實世界
00:28
as it is to save the world in online games.
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變得跟拯救線上遊戲的世界一樣簡單。
00:31
Now, I have a plan for this,
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而現在，我有個計畫，
00:33
and it entails convincing more people,
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這個計畫要說服更多人，
00:36
including all of you, to spend more time
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連同在座的各位，花更多時間去
00:39
playing bigger and better games.
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玩更大，更好的遊戲。
00:41
Right now we spend three billion hours a week
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現在，我們每個禮拜共花三十億個鐘頭
00:44
playing online games.
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在玩線上遊戲。
00:46
Some of you might be thinking,
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你們可能有人在想，
00:48
"That's a lot of time to spend playing games.
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「哇！花那麼多時間打電動？」
00:50
Maybe too much time, considering
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這樣花太多時間在遊戲上了
00:52
how many urgent problems we have to solve in the real world."
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現實生活中，還有很多我們得解決的急迫問題
00:55
But actually, according to my research
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但事實上，根據我在
00:57
at The Institute For The Future,
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"未來學會(The Institute For The Future)"所做的研究顯示
00:59
it's actually the opposite is true.
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事實正好相反。
01:02
Three billion hours a week is not nearly enough
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每週30億小時的遊戲時間還遠遠不夠
01:04
game play to solve the world's most urgent problems.
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解決世上最急迫的問題。
01:07
In fact, I believe that if we want to survive
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其實，我認為如果我們想
01:10
the next century on this planet,
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在地球上熬過下個世紀，
01:12
we need to increase that total dramatically.
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我們必須大幅增加我們玩遊戲的總時數。
01:14
I've calculated the total we need
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我計算過我們需要的總時數
01:16
at 21 billion hours of game play every week.
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是每週210億小時。
01:20
So, that's probably a bit of a counterintuitive idea,
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所以，這其實跟我們一般認知有些相違背。
01:23
so I'll say it again, let it sink in:
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好，讓我再說一次，大家體會一下。
01:26
If we want to solve problems like hunger,
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如果我們想解決以下這些問題：飢餓、
01:28
poverty, climate change, global conflict, obesity,
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貧困、全球暖化、國際衝突、肥胖問題，
01:31
I believe that we need to aspire
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我堅信我們必須立志
01:33
to play games online
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去玩線上遊戲...
01:35
for at least 21 billion hours a week,
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至少每週210億小時，
01:37
by the end of the next decade. (Laughter)
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限時十年內！
01:39
No. I'm serious. I am.
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真的，我是認真的。
01:42
Here's why. This picture pretty much
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告訴你為什麼。這張照片差不多
01:44
sums up why I think games are so essential
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說明了為什麼我認為，遊戲對人類的未來
01:46
to the future survival of the human species. (Laughter) Truly.
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是必需的。我說真的啦。
01:50
This is a portrait by a photographer named Phil Toledano.
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這是攝影師Phil Toledano所拍攝的，
01:53
He wanted to capture the emotion of gaming,
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他想捕捉人在玩遊戲時的情緒，
01:56
so he set up a camera in front of gamers while they were playing.
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所以他在玩家面前架了個相機。
01:58
And this is a classic gaming emotion.
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而這張照片就是個經典的玩家表情！
02:02
Now, if you're not a gamer,
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如果你並非玩家
02:04
you might miss some of the nuance in this photo.
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你可能會忽略這張照片一些細微之處。
02:06
You probably see the sense of urgency,
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你看到的可能是迫切感、
02:09
a little bit of fear, but intense concentration,
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有點害怕、卻又十分專注、
02:12
deep, deep focus on tackling a really difficult problem.
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正專心地解決某個相當棘手的問題。
02:16
If you are a gamer, you will notice
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但如果你是玩家，你就會發現
02:18
a few nuances here: the crinkle of the eyes up, and around the mouth
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一些細微之處，像是眼睛和嘴角
02:22
is a sign of optimism,
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因為樂觀而上揚、
02:24
and the eyebrows up is surprise.
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挑起的眉毛表示感到驚喜...
02:26
This is a gamer who is on the verge of something called
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這個玩家正接近所謂的...
02:29
an epic win.
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史詩級的勝利(epic win)
02:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:32
Oh, you've heard of that. OK, good,
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噢！你們聽過嘛！那很好
02:34
so we have some gamers among us.
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看來這裡有些人也是玩家。
02:36
An epic win is an outcome
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史詩級的勝利
02:38
that is so extraordinarily positive
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極度振奮人心！
02:40
you had no idea it was even possible until you achieved it.
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在你成功之前，你根本沒想過這一切是有可能的。
02:43
It was almost beyond the threshold of imagination.
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幾乎就是想都不敢想。
02:46
And when you get there you are shocked
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但一旦你成功之後你就會發現
02:48
to discover what you are truly capable of. That is an epic win.
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原來你還真的有如此的神技，這就是史詩級的勝利！
02:51
This is a gamer on the verge of an epic win.
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這個玩家就快要得到史詩級的勝利了
02:53
And this is the face that we need to see
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同時這也是下個世紀
02:56
on millions of problem-solvers all over the world
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在處理全球許多問題時，我們想看到的表情
02:59
as we try to tackle the obstacles of the next century --
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在排除障礙時流露的表情。
03:02
the face of someone who, against all odds
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這張臉就是辛苦排除萬難
03:05
is on the verge of an epic win.
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即將獲得史詩勝利的表情。
03:07
Now, unfortunately this is more of the face that we see
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現在，不幸的是，當我們處理日常生活中，
03:10
in everyday life now as we try to tackle urgent problems.
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各種緊急事件的時，我們往往看到的是這表情
03:13
This is what I call the "I'm Not Good At Life" face,
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我稱這表情為“不擅長生活”的表情
03:15
and this is actually me making it. Can you see? Yes. Good.
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表情事實上是我擺的，看的出來嗎？好的
03:18
This is actually me making the "I'm Not Good At Life" face.
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這就是我做出的“不擅長生活”表情
03:21
This is a piece of graffiti in my old neighborhood
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這也是我在加州柏克萊一個老社區
03:23
in Berkeley, California, where I did my PhD
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進修我的博士學位時的一個塗鴉
03:25
on why we're better in games than we are in real life.
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我研究“為什麼我們在虛擬遊戲世界中的表現比現實世界更好”
03:29
And this is a problem that a lot of gamers have.
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同時這也是很多玩家的問題
03:31
We feel that we are not as good in reality as we are in games.
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我們覺得自己在現實的表現無法像在遊戲中一樣好
03:35
And I don't mean just good as in successful,
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我指的好，不完全等於成功
03:37
although that's part of it.
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不過成功的確包含在內
03:39
We do achieve more in game worlds. But I also
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我們確實在遊戲世界中達成更多任務
03:41
mean good as in
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但我指的好，還包含
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motivated to do something that matters,
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去做要緊事情的内在動力、
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inspired to collaborate and to cooperate.
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激起與相互合作的靈感。
03:47
And when we're in game worlds
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當我們處於遊戲世界時
03:49
I believe that many of us become
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我認為，我們大多數人
03:51
the best version of ourselves, the most likely to help at a moment's notice,
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可以做"最好的自己"，如果有人遇難，我們就會義無反顧的去幫忙
03:54
the most likely to stick with a problem
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並且會持之以恆的解决一個問題
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as long at it takes, to get up after failure and try again.
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面對挫折我們會勇敢的站起来，並繼續奮鬥
03:59
And in real life, when we face failure,
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但在現實生活中，當我們面對失敗時
04:03
when we confront obstacles, we often don't feel that way.
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當我們遇到阻礙時，我們往往並不會這麼勇敢
04:05
We feel overcome,
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我們會覺得挫敗
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we feel overwhelmed,
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會覺得很沉重
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we feel anxious, maybe depressed, frustrated or cynical.
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我們會焦慮、沮喪、灰心或者憤世嫉俗
04:12
We never have those feelings when we're playing games,
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這種感受跟遊戲時很不相同
04:14
they just don't exist in games.
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遊戲時這些感受不存在
04:16
So, that's what I wanted to study
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這就是我當研究生時
04:18
when I was a graduate student.
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所想研究的東西
04:20
What about games makes it impossible
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到底為什麼，遊戲讓我們覺得
04:22
to feel that we can't achieve everything?
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沒有事情是辦不到的呢？
04:24
How can we take those feelings from games
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我們要怎麼把遊戲時的這種感覺
04:27
and apply them to real-world work?
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應用到現實工作生活中？
04:29
So, I looked at games like World of Warcraft,
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因此，我研究了一些類似《魔獸世界》的遊戲
04:31
which is really the ideal collaborative problem-solving environment.
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它們才是理想的，解决合作問題的平台
04:34
And I started to notice a few things
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我注意到為什麼
04:36
that make epic wins so possible in online worlds.
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史詩般的勝利，在線上遊戲中這麼容易達到
04:39
So, the first thing is whenever you show up in one of these online games,
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第一，不論你什麼時候上線玩遊戲
04:42
especially in World of Warcraft,
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尤其是《魔獸世界》
04:44
there are lots and lots of different characters
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遊戲裡有很多不同的角色
04:47
who are willing to trust you with a world-saving mission, right away.
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他們願意信任你，立刻交付你拯救世界的任務
04:51
But not just any mission, it's a mission that is perfectly matched
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但並不是隨便的任務，而是
04:54
with your current level in the game. Right?
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會依照你的等級，交付你任務，沒錯吧？
04:56
So, you can do it.
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因此，你有能力做到的
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They never give you a challenge that you can't achieve.
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他們不會分派一個你做不到的任務給你
05:00
But it is on the verge of what you're capable of. So, you have to try hard,
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但快要完成這任務的最後時刻，你一定得竭盡全力
05:04
but there's no unemployment in World of Warcraft.
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在魔獸世界裡，每個人都有職業
05:06
There is no sitting around wringing your hands,
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沒有人坐在那發呆
05:08
there's always something specific and important to be done.
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總是會有些特别且重要的任務要完成
05:11
And there are also tons of collaborators.
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而且許多任務都要大家的合作
05:13
Everywhere you go, hundreds of thousands of people
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不論到哪哩，都會有成千上萬人
05:15
ready to work with you
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等著和你合作
05:17
to achieve your epic mission.
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幫助你完成史詩級的任務
05:19
That's not something that we have in real life that easily,
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現實生活就沒這麼簡單了
05:21
this sense that at our fingertips
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這種指尖上的成就感
05:23
are tons of collaborators.
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隨便招呼就有人幫忙的感覺
05:25
And also there is this epic story, this inspiring story
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遊戲中也有史詩般、鼓舞人心的故事劇情，
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of why we're there, and what we're doing.
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告訴我們為何而來、為何而戰
05:29
And then we get all this positive feedback.
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得到的都是正面的評價
05:31
You guys have heard of leveling up and plus-one strength,
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你們一定聽過，升等之後，力量＋１
05:33
and plus-one intelligence.
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智力也會＋１
05:35
We don't get that kind of constant feedback in real life.
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現實生活中就沒有這種立即回饋
05:37
When I get off this stage I'm not going to have
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當我走下講台，我才不會有
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plus-one speaking, and plus-one crazy idea,
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演講力＋１、瘋狂點子＋１、
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plus-20 crazy idea.
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甚至到＋２０的回饋
05:46
I don't get that feedback in real life.
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現實生活中沒有任何獎勵
05:48
Now, the problem with collaborative online environments
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像《魔獸世界》這種網路遊戲
05:51
like World of Warcraft
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最令人滿足的
05:53
is that it's so satisfying
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就是能與他人合作
05:55
to be on the verge of an epic win all the time
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一起獲得史詩般的勝利
05:57
that we decide to spend all our time in these game worlds.
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也是為什麼我們會花這麼多時間玩遊戲
05:59
It's just better than reality.
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因為它比現實感受更好
06:01
So, so far, collectively all the World of Warcraft gamers
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目前為止，《魔獸世界》的玩家總共花費了
06:04
have spent 5.93 million years
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593萬年的時間
06:07
solving the virtual problems of Azeroth.
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去解决艾澤拉斯裡的各種虛擬問題
06:11
Now, that's not necessarily a bad thing.
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這不是件壞事
06:13
It might sound like it's a bad thing.
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雖然聽起來很糟
06:15
But to put that in context:
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但你要想想
06:17
5.93 million years ago
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593萬年前
06:19
was when our earliest primate human ancestors stood up.
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我們的靈長類祖先開始直立行走
06:23
That was the first upright primate.
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成為第一種直立行走的靈長類動物
06:26
Okay, so when we talk about how much time we're currently investing
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所以，當我們講到花了多少時間
06:30
in playing games, the only way it makes sense
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玩電玩的時候，只要理性想想
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to even think about it is to talk about time
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在人類進化過程中
06:36
at the magnitude of human evolution,
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我們所花費的時間有多少
06:38
which is an extraordinary thing.
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相比之下是多麼可觀
06:40
But it's also apt. Because it turns out
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卻也合理，因為你會發現
06:42
that by spending all this time playing games,
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我們花這麼多時間玩遊戲
06:44
we're actually changing what we
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反而漸漸改變了
06:46
are capable of as human beings.
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我們身為人類的能力
06:48
We are evolving to be a more collaborative and hearty species.
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我們不斷進化成更能合作，更友好的物種
06:51
This is true. I believe this.
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這是真的，我如此深信
06:53
So, consider this really interesting statistic;
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看看這個有趣的數據
06:56
it was recently published by a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University:
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是卡內基美隆大學一個研究員出版的
06:59
The average young person today
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在一個線上遊戲盛行的國家
07:01
in a country with a strong gamer culture
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現今平均一個年輕人
07:04
will have spent 10,000 hours playing online games
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在21歲以前，玩線上遊戲的時間
07:07
by the age of 21.
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會是一萬小時
07:09
Now 10,000 hours is a really
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現在，一萬小時這數字
07:11
interesting number for two reasons.
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很有趣是因為兩個原因
07:13
First of all, for children in the United States
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首先，美國的兒童
07:17
10,080 hours is the exact amount of time
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從五年級到高中畢業
07:20
you will spend in school
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一個人將會花
07:22
from fifth grade to high school graduation
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10080小時在學校上課
07:24
if you have perfect attendance.
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前提是不翹課的話啦
07:26
So, we have an entire
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所以我們有了
07:28
parallel track of education going on
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平行追蹤教育的數據
07:30
where young people are learning as much about
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年輕人學著當個好玩家
07:32
what it takes to be a good gamer
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所花的時間
07:34
as they are learning about everything else in school.
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和他們在學校學習的時數是相同的
07:36
And some of you have probably read
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你們有些人也許讀過
07:38
Malcolm Gladwell's new book "Outliers."
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Malcom Gladwell 的新書《局外人》
07:40
So, you would have heard of his theory of success,
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你們聽過他對於成功的見解
07:42
the 10,000 hour theory of success.
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一萬小時的成功理論
07:44
It's based on this great cognitive science research
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這理論是基於認知科學的研究：
07:47
that if we can master 10,000 hours
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如果我們在21歲前花一萬小時
07:50
of effortful study at anything
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專心的學習、專心做任何事，
07:52
by the age of 21, we will be virtuosos at it.
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那麼我們便能在該領域獲得極大成就
07:55
We will be as good at whatever we do
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不管是哪個領域，
07:57
as the greatest people in the world.
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我們都能成為世界頂尖
07:59
And so, now what we're looking at
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所以，我們正面對的是
08:01
is an entire generation of young people
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一整代年輕的
08:03
who are virtuoso gamers.
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頂尖玩家們
08:06
So, the big question is,
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最大的問題就是
08:09
"What exactly are gamers getting so good at?"
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「玩家們擅長的到底是什麼？」
08:12
Because if we could figure that out,
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如果我們能找出這答案
08:14
we would have a virtually unprecedented
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就可以找出真正史無前例的
08:16
human resource on our hands.
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人力資源
08:18
This is how many people we now have in the world
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這些是目前世界上
08:21
who spend at least an hour a day playing online games.
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每天至少花一小時玩線上遊戲的玩家
08:23
These are our virtuoso gamers,
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他們都是頂尖玩家
08:26
500 million people who are extraordinarily good at something.
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共五億人都擅長於某件事情
08:30
And in the next decade
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在接下來的十年裡
08:32
we're going to have another billion gamers
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會有另外十億玩家
08:34
who are extraordinarily good at whatever that is.
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都擅長於另一個領域
08:37
If you don't know it already, this is coming.
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如果你還不知道，我告訴你，這正發生著
08:39
The game industry is developing consoles
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遊戲產業一直在不停的發展
08:41
that are low energy and that work with the wireless phone networks
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低耗源、無線的手機網路，
08:44
instead of broadband Internet
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都取代了以往頻寬的網路介面
08:46
so that gamers all over the world,
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讓全球的玩家，
08:48
particularly in India, China, Brazil, can get online.
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尤其來自印度、中國、巴西的玩家們，可以一起玩
08:52
They expect one billion more gamers in the next decade.
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預測接下來十年裡，會多出十億玩家
08:54
It will bring us up to 1.5 billion gamers.
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加上原本的五億，將達到15億玩家的數量
08:57
So, I've started to think about what these games
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所以我開始思考，到底什麼原因
08:59
are making us virtuosos at.
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讓我們對遊戲這麼擅長
09:01
Here are the four things I came up with. The first is urgent optimism.
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我想到四個方面。首先就是無比的樂觀
09:04
OK, think of this as extreme self-motivation.
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把它想像成是極端的自我激勵
09:08
Urgent optimism is the desire to act immediately
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無比的樂觀就是
09:10
to tackle an obstacle,
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立刻解決阻礙的慾望
09:12
combined with the belief
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加上想取得成功
09:14
that we have a reasonable hope of success.
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所持有的信念
09:17
Gamers always believe that an epic win is possible,
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玩家們都相信，史詩般的勝利是辦得到的
09:19
and that it is always worth trying, and trying now.
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而且值得不斷嘗試
09:22
Gamers don't sit around.
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玩家並不是閒坐在那
09:24
Gamers are virtuosos at weaving a tight social fabric.
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他們很擅長組織緊密的社會連結
09:28
There's a lot of interesting research that shows
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一項有趣的調查顯示
09:30
that we like people better after we play a game with them,
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我們會更喜歡那些一起玩過遊戲的人
09:32
even if they've beaten us badly.
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即使他們把我們打敗的很慘
09:34
And the reason is, it takes a lot of trust
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原因就是，在遊戲過程中
09:36
to play a game with someone.
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我們對彼此累積了信任
09:38
We trust that they will spend their time with us,
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原因是，我們都花費相同的時間、
09:40
that they will play by the same rules,
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遵守同樣的規則、
09:42
value the same goal, they'll stay with the game until it's over.
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擁有共同的目標，並肩作戰直到遊戲結束
09:45
And so, playing a game together actually builds up
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因此，一起參與遊戲是可以建立
09:47
bonds and trust and cooperation.
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默契、信任和合作的
09:50
And we actually build stronger social relationships as a result.
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進而能夠建立更強健的人際網路、
09:54
Blissful productivity. I love it.
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幸福的生產力，我愛這詞
09:56
You know there's a reason why the average World of Warcraft gamer
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《魔獸世界》的玩家，平均一星期花22小時
09:58
plays for 22 hours a week,
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在遊戲上是有原因的
10:00
kind of a half-time job.
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已經有點像在兼職了
10:02
It's because we know, when we're playing a game,
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這是因為，在我們玩遊戲時
10:04
that we're actually happier
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和我們放鬆、玩樂時相比
10:06
working hard than we are relaxing, or hanging out.
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更努力地玩遊戲其實是更快樂的
10:09
We know that we are optimized, as human beings,
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大家都知道，身為人類
10:11
to do hard meaningful work.
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我們是有能力達成重大任務的
10:13
And gamers are willing to work hard
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如果能給玩家適當的任務
10:15
all the time, if they're given the right work.
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他們就會不斷、努力地完成
10:19
Finally: epic meaning.
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最後，是史詩意義
10:21
Gamers love to be attached to awe-inspiring missions
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玩家們喜歡被賦予敬畏般的任務、
10:24
to human planetary-scale stories.
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冒險般的故事情節
10:28
So, just one bit of trivia that helps put that into perspective:
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所以，我先分享個小故事，幫助你了解這論點
10:33
So, you all know Wikipedia, biggest wiki in the world.
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大家都知道維基百科，全球最大的百科(wiki)
10:36
Second biggest wiki in the world, with nearly 80,000 articles,
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全球第二大的百科裡，共有八萬篇文章
10:40
is the World of Warcraft wiki.
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就是《魔獸世界》百科
10:42
Five million people use it every month.
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每個月都有500萬人瀏覽
10:44
They have compiled more information about World of Warcraft
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裡面涵蓋關於《魔獸世界》的資料
10:46
on the Internet than any other
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比網路上其他主題的資料
10:48
topic covered on any other wiki in the world.
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都要來的多
10:51
They are building an epic story.
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這也是一種史詩般的故事
10:53
They are building an epic knowledge resource
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他們也是建造了《魔獸世界》
10:55
about the World of Warcraft.
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史詩般的知識庫
10:57
Okay, so these are four superpowers that add up to one thing:
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所以，這四種超能力結合起來就是
11:01
Gamers are super-empowered, hopeful individuals.
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具有超能力、富有希望的玩家
11:06
These are people who believe that they are individually capable
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這些人都深信自己有能力
11:09
of changing the world.
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改變世界
11:11
And the only problem is that they believe
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但唯一的問題是，他們只相信
11:13
that they are capable of changing virtual worlds
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自己能改變的是虛擬世界
11:15
and not the real world.
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而不是現實世界
11:17
That's the problem that I'm trying to solve.
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這正是我所努力想解决的問題
11:19
There's an economist named Edward Castronova.
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有一位經濟學家 Edward Castronova
11:22
His work is brilliant. He looks at why
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他的研究很棒，他研究
11:24
people are investing so much time and energy
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為什麼人們花費這麼多時間、精力、
11:26
and money in online worlds.
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和金錢，玩網路遊戲
11:28
And he says, "We're witnessing what amounts
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他說：「我們目睹的是一大批人」
11:30
to no less than a mass exodus
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「從現實世界中出走」
11:32
to virtual worlds and online game environments."
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「並走向虛擬世界、網路遊戲中」
11:35
And he's an economist. So, he's rational.
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因為他是經濟學家，所以他是理性的
11:37
And he says ... (Laughter)
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他還說...
11:40
Not like me -- I'm a game designer; I'm exuberant.
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不像我，我是個遊戲設計師，精力旺盛
11:42
But he says
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他還說
11:44
that this makes perfect sense,
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這種情形是有跡可循的
11:47
because gamers can achieve more in online worlds than they can in real life.
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因為玩家在網路世界中達成的，比現實生活多
11:50
They can have stronger social relationships
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他們在遊戲裡可以擁有
11:52
in games than they can have in real life;
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比現實生活更好的人際關係
11:54
they get better feedback and feel more rewarded
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他們所得到的回饋
11:57
in games than they do in real life.
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也比現實生活來的多
11:59
So, he says for now it makes perfect sense
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因此，他說對於玩家而言，
12:01
for gamers to spend more time in virtual worlds than the real world.
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他們會花費比現實生活還多的時間玩遊戲，是理所當然的
12:04
Now, I also agree that that is rational, for now.
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好，我暫時同意這個理性觀點
12:08
But it is not, by any means, an optimal situation.
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但是，無論如何，這不是最佳情況
12:11
We have to start making the real world more like a game.
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我們不得不開始把現實世界建構的像遊戲一樣
12:14
So, I take my inspiration from something that happened
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因此，我從2500年前發生的一件事裡
12:17
2,500 years ago.
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得到了靈感
12:19
These are ancient dice, made out of sheep's knuckles. Right?
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這些是古早的骰子，用羊的關節做的
12:23
Before we had awesome game controllers,
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在我們設計出遊戲控制器以前
12:25
we had sheep's knuckles.
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我們就用這個玩遊戲了
12:27
And these represent the first game equipment
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這些就是人類最早設計出的
12:29
designed by human beings.
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遊戲道具
12:32
And if you're familiar with the work of the ancient Greek historian
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如果你們對於希臘的歷史學家
12:34
Herodotus, you might know this history,
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希羅多德還算熟悉，你就會知道這故事
12:36
which is the history of
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這也是遊戲發明的
12:38
who invented games and why.
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起源與原因
12:40
Herodotus says that games, particularly dice games,
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希羅多德說遊戲，特别是骰子遊戲
12:43
were invented in the kingdom of Lydia
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是在古代呂底亞王國 (Kingdom of Lydia)
12:46
during a time of famine.
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飢荒的時候發明的
12:48
Apparently, there was such a severe famine
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顯然的，因為飢荒太嚴重
12:50
that the king of Lydia decided that they had to do something crazy.
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呂底亞國王決定，他們不得不用非常手段
12:54
People were suffering. People were fighting.
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當時民不聊生，暴亂四起
12:56
It was an extreme situation, they needed
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非常時期就需要
12:58
an extreme solution.
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非常手段
13:00
So, according to Herodotus, they invented dice games
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於是，根據希羅多德文獻，他們發明骰子遊戲
13:03
and they set up a kingdom-wide policy:
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並制定全國政策
13:06
On one day, everybody would eat,
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有其中一天，所有人都能吃東西
13:08
and on the next day, everybody would play games.
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但是第二天，所有人就只能玩遊戲
13:11
And they would be so immersed in playing the dice games
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人們會專心的玩骰子遊戲
13:13
because games are so engaging,
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因為遊戲太吸引人了
13:15
and immerse us in such satisfying blissful productivity,
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我們沉浸在幸福的生產力帶來的滿足感裡
13:18
they would ignore the fact that they had no food to eat.
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以至於忘記沒有食物吃的事實
13:21
And then on the next day, they would play games;
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再過一天，人們就會繼續玩遊戲
13:23
and on the next day, they would eat.
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再接下來的那天，才會吃東西
13:25
And according to Herodotus,
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根據希羅多德記載
13:27
they passed 18 years this way,
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呂底亞王國用這種方式過了18年
13:29
surviving through a famine
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撐過飢荒
13:31
by eating on one day and playing games on the next.
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就是用這種一天吃、其他天玩遊戲的方式
13:33
Now, this is exactly, I think,
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我認為，這也是
13:35
how we're using games today.
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今日大家對於遊戲的看法
13:37
We're using games to escape real-world suffering.
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我們玩遊戲來逃避現實的苦痛
13:40
We're using games to get away from everything that's broken
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我們玩遊戲來逃避真實生活中
13:43
in the real environment, everything that's not satisfying about real life,
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破碎的、不盡滿意的大小事
13:46
and we're getting what we need from games.
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因為遊戲中，可以得到自己想要的
13:49
But it doesn't have to end there.
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但遊戲不一定止於此
13:51
This is really exciting.
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令人興奮的是
13:53
According to Herodotus, after 18 years
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希羅多德記載，18年後
13:56
the famine wasn't getting better,
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飢荒並沒有改善
13:58
so the king decided they would play one final dice game.
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因此，國王決定要來場骰子最終戰役
14:01
They divided the entire kingdom in half.
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他把全國人們分成兩組
14:05
They played one dice game,
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跟彼此競賽
14:07
and the winners of that game got to go on an epic adventure.
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贏的一方會踏上史詩般的旅程
14:10
They would leave Lydia,
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他們將離開呂底亞王國
14:12
and they would go out in search of a new place to live,
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去尋找一個新地方居住
14:15
leaving behind just enough people
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剩下的人正好能用
14:17
to survive on the resources that were available,
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現存的資源過活
14:19
and hopefully to take their civilization
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同時也是希望能將他們的文明
14:21
somewhere else where they could thrive.
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繼續傳承到別的地方
14:23
Now, this sounds crazy, right?
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聽起來很瘋狂吧
14:25
But recently, DNA evidence
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但最近，有DNA證據顯示
14:27
has shown that the Etruscans,
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領導羅馬帝國的
14:29
who then led to the Roman Empire,
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伊特魯里亞人(Etruscans)
14:31
actually share the same DNA as the ancient Lydians.
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和古呂底亞人有著相同基因
14:34
And so, recently, scientists have suggested
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最近科學家認為
14:37
that Herodotus' crazy story is actually true.
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希羅多德的瘋狂故事是有其真實性的
14:39
And geologists have found evidence
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地質學家也找到證據
14:41
of a global cooling that lasted
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有一段時期的全球冷化
14:43
for nearly 20 years that could have explained the famine.
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持續將近20年的時間，正好能解釋當時飢荒的情形
14:46
So, this crazy story might be true.
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所以，這瘋狂故事也許是真的
14:48
They might have actually
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他們透過玩遊戲
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saved their culture by playing games,
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保留了他們的文化
14:52
escaping to games for 18 years,
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用遊戲躲避現實18年
14:54
and then been so inspired,
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之後受啟發
14:56
and knew so much about how to come together with games,
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知道如何用遊戲讓彼此相聚一起
14:58
that they actually saved the entire civilization that way.
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之後用這方法拯救了整個文明
15:01
Okay, we can do that.
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我們也做得到
15:03
We've been playing Warcraft since 1994.
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人們從1994年開始玩魔獸
15:06
That was the first real-time strategy game
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這是魔獸世界系列裡，
15:08
from the World of Warcraft series. That was 16 years ago.
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第一款即時戰略遊戲，而這是16年前的事情
15:10
They played dice games for 18 years,
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古人骰子遊戲玩了18年
15:13
we've been playing Warcraft for 16 years.
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我們則玩魔獸16年
15:15
I say we are ready for our own epic game.
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我敢說，我們已經準備好史詩般的任務了
15:18
Now, they had half the civilization
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古人利用一半的文明
15:21
go off in search of a new world,
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去尋找新世界
15:23
so that's where I get my 21 billion hours a week of game-play from.
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我算出一週210億小時玩遊戲，就是這樣來的
15:26
Let's get half of us to agree
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讓我們一半的人
15:29
to spend an hour a day playing games,
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每天玩遊戲一小時
15:31
until we solve real-world problems.
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直到我們能夠解決現實的問題為止
15:33
Now, I know you're asking, "How are we going to solve real world problems
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你可能會問: 「我們在遊戲中，」
15:35
in games?" Well, that's what I have devoted my work to
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「要如何解決現實的問題呢？」這也是我多年來，
15:38
over the past few years,
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致力於這工作的原因
15:40
at The Institute For The Future.
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我在"未來學會"工作
15:42
We have this banner in our offices in Palo Alto,
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我們在Palo Alto(加州)的辦公室有個布條
15:44
and it expresses our view of how we should try to relate to the future.
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表達出我們對未來的看法
15:48
We do not want to try to predict the future.
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我們不會試著預測未來
15:50
What we want to do is make the future.
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但我們會試著創造未來
15:53
We want to imagine the best-case scenario outcome,
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我們想像未來最好的情況
15:55
and then we want to empower people
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然後給人們力量
15:57
to make that outcome a reality.
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讓想像中的未來成真
15:59
We want to imagine epic wins,
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我們渴望史詩般的勝利
16:01
and then give people the means to achieve the epic win.
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同時賦予人們達成史詩勝利的道具
16:04
I'm just going to very briefly show you three games that I've made
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我來簡短的介紹一下這三款我設計的遊戲
16:06
that are an attempt to give people the means
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目的是想給人們一些能用來
16:09
to create epic wins in their own futures.
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達成自己未來史詩勝利所需要的道具
16:11
So, this is World Without Oil.
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這是《無油世界》
16:13
We made this game in 2007.
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我們2007年製作的遊戲
16:15
This is an online game in which you try to survive
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這款線上遊戲，是要你在石油短缺時
16:17
an oil shortage.
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設法生存
16:19
The oil shortage is fictional,
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石油短缺是虛構的
16:21
but we put enough online content out there
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但是我們投入很多情節在裡面
16:24
for you to believe that it's real, and to live your real life
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你就會相信是真實的，好像現實生活中
16:27
as if we've run out of oil. So when you come to the game,
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石油快沒有了一樣。所以，你連上遊戲
16:30
you sign up, you tell us where you live,
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註冊，輸入你的所在地
16:32
and then we give you real-time news, videos,
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我們就會給你一段即時新聞畫面
16:34
data feeds that show you
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有精確的數據
16:36
exactly how much oil costs,
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告訴你石油的價格
16:38
what's not available, how food supply is being affected,
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哪些東西買不到、食物供應的影響、
16:40
how transportation is being affected,
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運輸系統的影響、
16:42
if schools are closed, if there is rioting,
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學校是否倒閉了，或是有暴動
16:44
and you have to figure out how you would live your real life
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所以你要想，事件真的發生的話
16:47
as if this were true. And then we ask you to blog about it,
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你要怎麼過生活，然後你將想法打到部落格上、
16:50
to post videos, to post photos.
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上傳影片或照片
16:52
We piloted this game with 1,700 players in 2007,
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在2007年，有1700人參與這遊戲的測試
16:55
and we've tracked them for the three years since.
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我們追蹤了這些人接下來三年的生活
16:58
And I can tell you that this is a transformative experience.
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我可以告訴各位，這是個轉變性的經驗
17:00
Nobody wants to change how they live
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沒有人會因為"對環境好"、
17:03
just because it's good for the world, or because we're supposed to.
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"這是我們的責任"，而做出自發性改變
17:06
But if you immerse them in an epic adventure
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但如果賦予他們史詩般的冒險旅程
17:09
and tell them, "We've run out of oil.
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並告訴他們「世界上快沒石油了」
17:11
This is an amazing story and adventure for you to go on.
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大家就會走上這很棒的冒險旅程
17:14
Challenge yourself to see how you would survive,"
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挑戰自我，看自己會如何生存
17:17
most of our players have kept up the habits
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大部份的玩家都保留了他們在遊戲中
17:19
that they learned in this game.
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所養成的習慣
17:21
So, for the next world-saving game,
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在接下來的一款拯救世界的遊戲裡
17:23
we decided to aim higher: bigger problem than just peak oil.
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我們將目標設在比石油更嚴重的問題上
17:26
We did a game called Superstruct
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我們在"未來學會"做了一款
17:28
at The Institute For The Future.
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"Superstruct"的遊戲
17:30
And the premise was a supercomputer has calculated
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這遊戲的假設是，有部超級電腦
17:33
that humans have only 23 years left on the planet.
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計算出我們在這星球只剩23年的生存時間
17:36
This supercomputer was called the Global Extinction
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這台超級電腦叫作
17:38
Awareness System, of course.
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全球大滅絕警戒系統
17:40
We asked people to come online
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大家上線就像是
17:42
almost like a Jerry Bruckheimer movie.
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傑瑞布洛克海默(國家寶藏等電影製作人)
17:44
You know Jerry Bruckheimer movies, you form a dream team --
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所製作的電影情節一樣，都有個夢幻團隊
17:47
you've got the astronaut, the scientist, the ex-convict,
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團隊裡有太空人、科學家、前科犯
17:50
and they all have something to do to save the world.
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而他們各有拯救世界的本領
17:52
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
17:53
But in our game, instead of just having five people
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但我們的遊戲並不是五人夢幻小隊
17:55
on the dream team, we said, "Everybody's on the dream team,
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我們設定，每個人都是夢幻小隊的一員
17:58
and it's your job to invent the future of energy,
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你的任務就是開發新能源、
18:01
the future of food, the future of health,
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未來的食物、未來的健康保健、
18:03
the future of security and the future of the social safety net."
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未來的保全及社會安全網路
18:06
We had 8,000 people play that game for eight weeks.
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我們有八千人玩這遊戲，玩八週的時間
18:08
They came up with 500 insanely creative solutions
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他們想出了五百個瘋狂卻超有創意的解决辦法
18:12
that you can go online, if you Google "Superstruct," and see.
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你上網Google關鍵字Superstruct，就看得到結果了
18:14
So, finally, the last game,
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最後一個遊戲
18:16
we're launching it March 3rd. This is a game done with the World Bank Institute.
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會在3月3日上市。這遊戲是和世界銀行學院合作完成的
18:20
If you complete the game you will be certified
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如果你完成這個遊戲，就能得到
18:22
by the World Bank Institute,
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世界銀行學院發的認證
18:24
as a Social Innovator, class of 2010.
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成為2010級的社會創新者
18:26
Working with universities all over sub-Saharan Africa,
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透過與撒哈拉以南非洲各地大學的合作
18:30
and we are inviting them to learn social innovation skills.
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我們邀請他們一起學習社會創新技能
18:33
We've got a graphic novel, we've got leveling up
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我們都有超人漫畫，我們只要
18:36
in skills like local insight, knowledge networking,
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把洞察力提升、知識網路提升、
18:39
sustainability, vision and resourcefulness.
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提升永續性、視野、資源
18:41
I would like to invite all of you
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我想邀請各位
18:43
to please share this game with young people,
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把這些遊戲分享給年輕人
18:45
anywhere in the world, particularly in developing areas,
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分享到世界各地，特別是開發中地區
18:48
who might benefit from coming together
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遊戲能讓他們聚在一起
18:50
to try to start to imagine their own
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試著想像出自己心中的
18:52
social enterprises to save the world.
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社會企業，來拯救世界
18:54
So, I'm going to wrap up now.
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我要做個總結了
18:56
I want to ask a question.
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我想問各位一個問題
18:58
What do you think happens next?
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你們覺得未來會發生什麼事？
19:00
We've got all these amazing gamers,
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我們有這麼多厲害的玩家
19:02
we've got these games that are kind of pilots of what we might do,
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現有的遊戲，就有點像未來情形的預演
19:05
but none of them have saved the real world yet.
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但還沒確實拯救真實世界
19:07
Well I hope that you will agree with me
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我希望大家能同意我的觀點：
19:09
that gamers are a human resource
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玩家們就是人力資源
19:11
that we can use to do real-world work,
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他們可以改變真實世界
19:14
that games are a powerful platform for change.
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因為遊戲就是個改變世界的平台
19:16
We have all these amazing superpowers:
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我們有這麼棒的超能力
19:18
blissful productivity, the ability
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幸福的生產力、
19:20
to weave a tight social fabric,
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組織緊密社會的能力、
19:22
this feeling of urgent optimism and the desire for epic meaning.
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無比樂觀的感受、追求史詩意義的欲望
19:26
I really hope that we can come together
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我希望我們都能一起
19:28
to play games that matter, to survive on this planet for another century.
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玩這些重要的遊戲，才能在下個世紀，繼續生存在這星球上
19:31
And that's my hope, that you will join me
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我希望大家能加入我的行列，
19:33
in making and playing games like this.
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去製作或是動手玩這樣的遊戲
19:35
When I look forward to the next decade,
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當我期待下個十年時
19:37
I know two things for sure:
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我對兩件事非常肯定
19:39
that we can make any future we can imagine,
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首先，我們能創造出任何我們所能想像出的未來
19:42
and we can play any games we want.
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其次，我們可以玩任何我們想玩的遊戲
19:44
So, I say: Let the world-changing games begin.
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讓我們從遊戲來改變這個世界
19:47
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
19:49
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane McGonigal - Game DesignerReality is broken, says Jane McGonigal, and we need to make it work more like a game. Her work shows us how.
Why you should listen
Jane McGonigal asks: Why doesn't the real world work more like an online game? In the best-designed games, our human experience is optimized: We have important work to do, we're surrounded by potential collaborators, and we learn quickly and in a low-risk environment. In her work as a game designer, she creates games that use mobile and digital technologies to turn everyday spaces into playing fields, and everyday people into teammates. Her game-world insights can explain--and improve--the way we learn, work, solve problems, and lead our real lives. She served as the director of game R&D at the Institute for the Future, and she is the founder of Gameful, which she describes as "a secret headquarters for worldchanging game developers."
Several years ago she suffered a serious concussion, and she created a multiplayer game to get through it, opening it up to anyone to play. In “Superbetter,” players set a goal (health or wellness) and invite others to play with them--and to keep them on track. While most games, and most videogames, have traditionally been about winning, we are now seeing increasing collaboration and games played together to solve problems.
Jane McGonigal | Speaker | TED.com