TED2010
Kevin Bales: How to combat modern slavery
凯文.贝勒斯：如何打击现代奴隶制度
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凯文.贝勒斯在这一篇既动人又富有现实意义的演讲中为大家讲解了当今奴隶制度的现状。现如今，许多罪恶的、价值上亿的产业都是由奴隶的劳动支撑的。凯文将在这篇演讲中与大家分享他通过对奴隶制度现状的实地考察所获得的一系列数据和故事，并向大家说明在今天解放奴隶所要付出的代价。
Kevin Bales - Anti-slavery activist
Kevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves." Full bio
Kevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
You know for me, the interest in contemporary forms of slavery
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我对于现代奴隶制度的兴趣
00:20
started with a leaflet that I picked up in London.
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是从我在伦敦读到的一个小宣传册开始的。
00:22
It was the early '90s,
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这是上世纪90年代初的事情了，
00:24
and I was at a public event.
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当时我是出席一个公共集会。
00:26
I saw this leaflet and it said,
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那个小宣传册上面说：
00:29
"There are millions of slaves in the world today."
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“今天，全世界仍有上百万的奴隶。”
00:32
And I thought, "No way, no way."
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我当时想，“这绝对是扯淡。”
00:36
And I'm going to admit to hubris.
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可是现在我不得不承认我当年太自负了。
00:39
Because I also, I'm going to admit to you,
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另外，我还要承认一点，
00:41
I also thought, "How can I be like
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我当时在想，
00:43
a hot-shot young full professor
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我身为一个年轻有为的主讲人权事务的全职教授，
00:45
who teaches human rights and not know this?
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而对现代社会仍有上百万奴隶这一现状却一无所知，
00:48
So it can't be true."
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这简直太不可思议了。
00:50
Well, if you teach, if you worship
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既然我在知识的殿堂里进行教学工作，
00:52
in the temple of learning,
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就应该对知识保持着虔诚，
00:54
do not mock the gods,
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不能随意否定自己所不确定的东西。
00:56
because they will take you,
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因为对待知识的虔诚
00:58
fill you with curiosity and desire,
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能够给予人好奇心及求知欲望，
01:01
and drive you. Drive you with a passion
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给予人一股热情，
01:04
to change things.
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让世界因你而不同。
01:07
I went out and did a lit review,
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于是，我亲自查找了一些相关资料。
01:09
3,000 articles on the key word "slavery."
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我找到了3000篇关键词为“奴隶制”的文章，
01:12
Two turned out to be about contemporary -- only two.
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可是其中只有两篇是关于现代奴隶制度的，只有两篇。
01:15
All the rest were historical.
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其余的讲的都是历史中的奴隶制。
01:17
They were press pieces and they were full of outrage,
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我找到的这些文章要么是义愤填膺，
01:20
they were full of speculation, they were anecdotal --
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要么是充满了怀疑主义，要么是对一些小故事的渲染，
01:23
no solid information.
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但是没有什么确凿的信息。
01:25
So, I began to do a research project of my own.
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于是，我开始自己着手研究这一课题。
01:28
I went to five countries around the world.
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我的足迹遍布在世界各地的五个国家。
01:30
I looked at slaves. I met slaveholders,
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我和奴隶、奴隶主都有过接触。
01:33
and I looked very deeply
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另外，我尤其观察了
01:35
into slave-based businesses
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靠奴隶支撑的种种产业。
01:38
because this is an economic crime.
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因为这是一项由经济衍生的罪恶，
01:40
People do not enslave people to be mean to them.
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奴隶主将奴隶奴役，不是为了折磨他们，
01:44
They do it to make a profit.
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而是为了从中牟利。
01:46
And I've got to tell you, what I found out in the world
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另外，我要告诉你我在四个大洲做实地考察时所取得的发现，
01:48
in four different continents,
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奴隶的生存现状在全世界都是惊人的凄苦，
01:51
was depressingly familiar.
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而又是惊人的相似。
01:53
Like this:
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请看这个，
01:56
Agricultural workers in Africa,
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这些是在非洲干农活的奴隶们，
01:58
whipped and beaten,
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他们被鞭挞、被殴打，
02:00
showing us how they were beaten in the fields
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他们在向我们展示他们在逃离奴隶主之前，
02:03
before they escaped from slavery
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在遇见我们的摄制组之前，
02:05
and met up with our film crew.
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他们是如何在田间被殴打的。
02:07
It was mind-blowing.
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这很令人震惊。
02:10
And I want to be very clear.
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有一点我想说明，
02:14
I'm talking about real slavery.
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我所想大家展示的是赤裸裸的奴隶制。
02:16
This is not about lousy marriages,
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它不像一桩不合适的婚姻，
02:18
this is not about jobs that suck.
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或是一份糟糕的工作。
02:20
This is about people who can not walk away,
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奴隶们的自由被剥夺了，他们不能离开他们的主人，
02:23
people who are forced to work without pay,
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奴隶们被迫为他们的主人工作，却没有工资，
02:25
people who are operating 24/7
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奴隶们片刻不得休息，
02:28
under a threat of violence
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因为他们时刻生活在暴力的威胁下，
02:30
and have no pay.
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即使如此，他们仍然得不到工资。
02:33
It's real slavery in exactly the same way
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这里我所谈到的现代的奴隶制
02:35
that slavery would be recognized
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和历史上我们所熟知的那种奴隶制
02:37
throughout all of human history.
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是一模一样的。
02:40
Now, where is it?
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那么，现在哪里还有奴隶呢？
02:42
Well, this map in the sort of redder, yellower colors
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看这个地图上发红、发黄的那些区域
02:45
are the places with the highest densities of slavery.
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就是奴隶人口密度最高的地区。
02:48
But in fact that kind of bluey color
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事实上，只有那些蓝色的区域
02:50
are the countries where we can't find any cases of slavery.
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是完全没有奴隶的国家。
02:53
And you might notice that it's only Iceland and Greenland
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你也许会注意到，在全世界范围内
02:56
where we can't find any cases of enslavement
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只有冰岛和格陵兰
02:58
around the world.
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是完全没有奴隶的存在的。
03:00
We're also particularly interested
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关于现代奴隶制这一问题，
03:02
and looking very carefully
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其中有一点
03:04
at places where
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特别引起我研究的兴趣，
03:08
slaves are being used to perpetrate
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那便是奴隶被用于
03:10
extreme environmental destruction.
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破坏环境的种种产业中。
03:14
Around the world, slaves are used to destroy the environment,
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奴隶在全世界范围内被广泛地雇佣于破坏环境的种种产业，
03:17
cutting down trees in the Amazon; destroying
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例如在亚马逊热带雨林伐木，
03:19
forest areas in West Africa;
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摧毁西非的丛林，
03:21
mining and spreading mercury around
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在加纳和刚果等地
03:24
in places like Ghana and the Congo;
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开采汞并造成泄露，
03:26
destroying the coastal ecosystems in South Asia.
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在南亚破坏当地沿岸的海洋生态环境。
03:30
It's a pretty harrowing linkage
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奴隶们的人权被践踏，
03:33
between what's happening to our environment
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世界各地的环境也遭受破坏，
03:35
and what's happening to our human rights.
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而这两者之间的联系尤为令人痛心。
03:37
Now, how on Earth did we get to a situation like this,
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事态为何会发展到如此地步，
03:40
where we have 27 million people
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在2010年的今天，
03:43
in slavery in the year 2010?
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世界上竟然还有2700万奴隶？
03:45
That's double the number that came out of Africa
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这个数字
03:48
in the entire transatlantic slave trade.
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相当于当年跨大西洋奴隶贸易中所涉及的奴隶的整整两倍。
03:51
Well, it builds up with these factors.
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造成如今奴隶现状的有三点因素，
03:53
They are not causal, they are actually supporting factors.
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虽然这三点因素都不是直接导致现今奴隶的现状的，但都对其起助长作用。
03:56
One we all know about, the population explosion:
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因素一，众所周知，是人口大爆炸。
03:59
the world goes from two billion people to almost
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在过去的五十年里，
04:01
seven billion people in the last 50 years.
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世界人口从20亿激增到今天的差不多70亿了。
04:04
Being numerous does not make you a slave.
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人口众多并不导致奴隶问题，
04:06
Add in the increased vulnerability of very large numbers of people
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但是在发展中国家，
04:11
in the developing world,
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过多的人口引发了一系列问题，
04:13
caused by civil wars, ethnic conflicts,
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比如内战、民族冲突、政府腐败、疾病等等，
04:16
kleptocratic governments, disease ... you name it, you know it.
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这些都使得很大一部分人变得更脆弱了。
04:19
We understand how that works. In some countries
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这其中的流程我们大家都清楚。
04:21
all of those things happen at once,
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在一些国家，上述的那些灾难同时发生，
04:23
like Sierra Leone a few years ago,
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比如几年前的塞拉利昂。
04:25
and push enormous parts ... about a billion people in the world, in fact,
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这一系列事件把不计其数的人
04:29
as we know, live on the edge,
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逼迫到了生存的边缘，
04:31
live in situations where
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人们的生活极度窘迫，
04:33
they don't have any opportunity and are usually even destitute.
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他们没有翻身的机会，日日与贫困为伴。
04:38
But that doesn't make you a slave either.
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但是这些也不能把一个人变成奴隶，
04:41
What it takes to turn a person who is destitute and vulnerable
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真正把一个既贫困又脆弱的人变成一个奴隶的
04:44
into a slave, is the absence of the rule of law.
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是法制的缺失。
04:48
If the rule of law is sound, it protects
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如果一个国家的法制是健全的，
04:50
the poor and it protects the vulnerable.
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那么弱势群体也将会得到保护。
04:52
But if corruption creeps in
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但是如果腐败的毒瘤扩散开来，
04:54
and people don't have the opportunity
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而且弱势群体们无法拿起法律的武器
04:56
to have that protection of the rule of law,
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来保护自己，
04:58
then if you can use violence,
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在一个社会里，
05:00
if you can use violence with impunity,
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使用暴力也不会受到制裁，
05:02
you can reach out and harvest the vulnerable
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那么，人们就可以轻易地将毒手伸到弱势群体中
05:05
into slavery.
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并把他们奴役。
05:07
Well, that is precisely what has happened around the world.
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实际上，这就是一个人变成奴隶的背景和过程。
05:11
Though, for a lot of people,
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尽管，今天有很大一部分人，
05:15
the people who step
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他们并不是被人绑架，
05:17
into slavery today
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或者是被人当头打晕，
05:20
don't usually get kidnapped or knocked over the head.
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从而被奴役的。
05:24
They come into slavery because
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当说起被奴役的过程，
05:26
someone has asked them this question.
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全世界的奴隶可能都会给你讲同一个故事。
05:28
All around the world I've been told an almost identical story.
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对，这个故事放之四海皆准。
05:31
People say, "I was home,
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故事大概就是这样：“有一天，我回家了,
05:33
someone came into our village,
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有个人来到了我的村庄，
05:35
they stood up in the back of a truck, they said, 'I've got jobs,
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他从卡车的背后站了起来，对我问道：‘我要招工，
05:37
who needs a job?'"
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你们谁想要工作？’”
05:39
And they did exactly what
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换成是在座的各位，面对这种状况
05:41
you or I would do in the same situation.
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估计也要和那些穷苦人做出同样的选择。
05:44
They said, "That guy looked sketchy. I was suspicious,
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穷人们回想当时的场景，“招工的人看上去挺可疑的
05:48
but my children were hungry.
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但是我的孩子们都饿坏了。
05:51
We needed medicine.
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我们需要买药看病。
05:53
I knew I had to do anything I could
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我顾不了那么多了，
05:55
to earn some money to support the people I care about."
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只要有机会我就要赚钱养活我的家人。”
05:59
They climb into the back of the truck. They go off with the person who recruits them.
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穷人们爬进了卡车的后部，跟着招工的那人走了。
06:02
Ten miles, 100 miles, 1,000 miles later,
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走了不知多远，
06:06
they find themselves in dirty, dangerous, demeaning work.
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他们最后发现他们的工作肮脏、危险且下贱。
06:10
They take it for a little while,
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他们工作了一段时间，
06:12
but when they try to leave, bang!, the hammer comes down,
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可当他们试图离开的时候，却遭到了暴力阻止，
06:15
and they discover they're enslaved.
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直到这时，他们才意识到自己已经变成奴隶了。
06:18
Now, that kind of slavery
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历史中对人的奴役
06:21
is, again, pretty much what slavery has been all through human history.
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过程其实跟上述的都差不多。
06:25
But there is one thing that is particularly remarkable
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但是现代的奴隶制
06:29
and novel about slavery today,
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有一点很值得一提，
06:31
and that is a complete collapse
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那便是
06:35
in the price of human beings --
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人口价格的急剧下滑。
06:38
expensive in the past, dirt cheap now.
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过去人口还很昂贵，但是今天却贱得很，
06:41
Even the business programs have started
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就连电视里面的贸易类节目
06:43
picking up on this.
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都开始注意到这点了。
06:45
I just want to share a little clip for you.
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这里我想和大家分享一个小短片。
06:47
Daphne: OK. Llively discussion guaranteed here, as always,
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视频：女主播：好的，欢迎大家收看我们的节目，
06:49
as we get macro and talk commodities.
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我们将宏观地对经济展开一些讨论。
06:52
Continuing here in the studio with our guest Michael O'Donohue,
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参与我们今天节目的嘉宾是迈克尔.奥多诺胡
06:55
head of commodities at Four Continents Capital Management.
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“四大洲资产管理集团”的负责人。
06:57
And we're also joined by Brent Lawson
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参与我们今天节目的还有来自劳森证券所的
07:00
from Lawson Frisk Securities.
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布伦特.劳森先生。
07:02
Brent Lawson: Happy to be here.
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布伦特.劳森：很高兴来到这里。
07:04
D: Good to have you with us, Brent.
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女主播：很高兴你能参与我们的节目，布伦特。
07:06
Now, gentlemen ... Brent, where is your money going this year?
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好的，先生们。布伦特，能说说你今年的资产流向么？
07:10
BL: Well Daphne, we've been going short on gas and oil recently
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布伦特.劳森：好的，达芙妮，最近我们对天然气和石油进行了卖空，
07:13
and casting our net just a little bit wider.
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另外，我们把贸易的范围又进一步扩大了。
07:15
We really like the human being story a lot.
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我们现在对人口的贸易很感兴趣。
07:18
If you look at a long-term chart,
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看看这个长期的图表，就会发现
07:21
prices are at historical lows and yet global demand
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人口的价格出现了历史新低，
07:23
for forced labor is still real strong.
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然而对于劳动力的需求量依旧很大。
07:26
So, that's a scenario that we think we should be capitalizing on.
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针对这种现状，我觉得我们应该做人口贸易。
07:30
D: Michael, what's your take on the people story? Are you interested?
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女主播：迈克尔，关于人口贸易你持什么态度呢？你对这个问题感兴趣吗？
07:33
Michael O'Donoghue: Oh definitely. Non-voluntary labor's greatest advantage
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迈克尔：哦，当然感兴趣了，非志愿性劳动力最大的一项优势便是
07:36
as an asset is the endless supply.
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它的供应是源源不断的。
07:38
We're not about to run out of people. No other commodity has that.
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劳动力永远都用不完，其他的商品可没有这个特性。
07:41
BL: Daphne, if I may draw your attention to one thing.
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布伦特.劳森：达芙妮，我想让你注意一点，
07:43
That is that private equity has been sniffing around,
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私募股权投资基金的人最近告诉我，
07:46
and that tells me that this market is about to explode.
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买卖人口的生意很快就要火。
07:49
Africans and Indians, as usual,
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如同以往，我们会继续买卖非洲人和印度人，
07:51
South Americans, and Eastern Europeans in particular
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另外，需要注意的是
07:54
are on our buy list.
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我们现在也要做南美人和东欧人的生意了。
07:56
D: Interesting. Micheal, bottom line, what do you recommend?
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女主播：有意思，迈克尔，给大家最后总结一下吧？
07:59
MO: We're recommending to our clients
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迈克尔：我建议我们的客户们
08:01
a buy and hold strategy.
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采取屯仓策略。
08:03
There's no need to play the market.
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在人口市场做贸易没必要耍什么把戏。
08:05
There's a lot of vulnerable people out there. It's very exciting.
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弱势群体的人口实在太多了，这十分激动人心。
08:08
D: Exciting stuff indeed. Gentlemen, thank you very much.
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女主播：确实很有趣，先生们，多谢你们参与此节目。
08:13
Kevin Bales: Okay, you figured it out. That's a spoof.
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凯文.贝勒斯：好的，大家也能看出来，刚才那个短片是安排好的一个讽刺笑话。
08:15
Though I enjoyed watching
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尽管我自己很喜欢这个片子，
08:17
your jaws drop, drop, drop, until you got it.
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但是你们在明白这是一个笑话之前，一定会觉得诧异万分。
08:21
MTV Europe worked with us and made that spoof,
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这个小短片是我们和欧洲MTV公司合作制作的。
08:24
and they've been slipping it in between music videos
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它被插到了一个音乐视频中间，
08:26
without any introduction, which I think is kind of fun.
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而且不加任何说明，我感觉挺逗的。
08:29
Here's the reality.
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好的，不开玩笑了。
08:31
The price of human beings across the last 4,000 years
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在过去40000年里一个人的平均价格
08:34
in today's money has averaged about 40,000 dollars.
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按照今天的货币标准是40000美元。
08:37
Capital purchase items.
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人无异于商品。
08:40
You can see that the lines cross when the population explodes.
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现在注意人口激增所导致的两条线的交点。
08:43
The average price of a human being today,
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今天，在世界范围内一个人的平均价格
08:46
around the world, is about 90 dollars.
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差不多是90美元。
08:48
They are more expensive in places like North America.
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在北美等一些地区，这个价格会更高些，
08:51
Slaves cost between 3,000 to 8,000 dollars in North America,
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一个奴隶在北美能卖到3000到8000美元。
08:55
but I could take you places in India or Nepal
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但是在印度或者尼泊尔这类地方，
08:58
where human beings can be acquired for five or 10 dollars.
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花上5美元到10美元就能买到一个人。
09:01
They key here is that
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我想要阐述的重点是
09:03
people have ceased to be that capital purchase item
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人们现在连商品都算不上了，
09:07
and become like Styrofoam cups.
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现在他们就像是一次性纸杯。
09:09
You buy them cheaply, you use them,
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你能用很少的钱买到他们，然后利用他们。
09:12
you crumple them up, and then when you're done
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当你把他们压榨得差不多的时候，
09:14
with them you just throw them away.
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你就能把他们压扁了扔掉。
09:16
These young boys are in Nepal.
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这些尼泊尔的小男孩，
09:19
They are basically the transport system
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他们被一个采石场场主奴役着，
09:22
on a quarry run by a slaveholder.
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承担者整个采石场的运输工作。
09:24
There are no roads there, so they carry loads of stone
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因为那里没有路，
09:27
on their backs, often of their own weight,
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所以这些小男孩就用自己的身体抗着沉重的石头，
09:30
up and down the Himalaya Mountains.
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在喜马拉雅山上艰难跋涉。
09:32
One of their mothers said to us,
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有一位男孩的母亲告诉我们，
09:34
"You know, we can't survive here,
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“你看，我们在这里根本就活不下去，
09:36
but we can't even seem to die either."
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不过我们又死不了。”
09:39
It's a horrible situation.
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这可真是一个可怕的情形。
09:41
And if there is anything that makes me feel very positive about this,
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关于现代奴隶的现状，
09:45
it's that there are also --
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有一点还是值得我欣慰的，
09:47
in addition to young men like this who are still enslaved --
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那就是，如今不但有像这位尼泊尔小男孩这样被奴役着的人们，
09:49
there are ex-slaves who are now working to free others.
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还有一些逃跑成功的奴隶正致力于解放其他奴隶，
09:53
Or, we say, Frederick Douglass is in the house.
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或者可以说，弗雷德里克.道格拉斯（著名废奴主义者）就在我们身边。
09:56
I don't know if you've ever had a daydream
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我不晓得大家是否曾梦想过
09:59
about, "Wow. What would it be like to meet Harriet Tubman?
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亲眼见见哈里特.塔伯曼（著名废奴主义者）？
10:01
What would it be like to meet Frederick Douglass?"
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或者与弗雷德里克.道格拉斯（著名废奴主义者）见个面怎么样？
10:03
I've got to say, one of the most exciting parts about my job
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我要说的是，我这份工作最激动人心的一部分就是
10:06
is that I get to,
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我能遇见这样的人。
10:08
and I want to introduce you to one of those.
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我想为大家介绍这其中的一位，
10:10
His name is James Kofi Annan. He was a slave child in Ghana
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他的名字叫做詹姆斯.科菲.安南（和联合国秘书长重名了），他曾是一个加纳的童奴，
10:13
enslaved in the fishing industry,
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在捕鱼业工作。
10:15
and he now, after escape and building a new life,
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在他成功出逃之后，
10:19
has formed an organization that we work closely with
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他成立了一个解放奴隶的组织
10:22
to go back and get people out of slavery.
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和我现在合作甚密。
10:24
This is not James, this is one of the kids that he works with.
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这个不是詹姆斯，这是一个他救出来的孩子。
10:27
James Kofi Annan (Video): He was hit with a paddle
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视频：詹姆斯.科菲.安南：他被人用船桨给打了，
10:29
in the head. And this reminds me
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看，打在脑袋上，这让我想起了我自己的童年，
10:31
of my childhood when I used to work here.
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当时我就在这里工作。
10:35
KB: James and our country director in Ghana,
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凯文.贝勒斯：詹姆斯和我们在加纳的向导伊曼纽尔.奥托
10:39
Emmanuel Otoo are now receiving regular death threats
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经常收到死亡威胁，
10:42
because the two of them managed to get
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因为他们两个正在争取
10:44
convictions and imprisonment for three human traffickers
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把三个人贩子治罪并且关进监狱，
10:47
for the very first time in Ghana
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原因是这些人贩子在捕鱼业使用奴隶
10:49
for enslaving people, from the fishing industry,
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而且奴役儿童，
10:51
for enslaving children.
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这样的起诉在加纳史无前例。
10:53
Now, everything I've been telling you,
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我承认，
10:55
I admit, is pretty disheartening.
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我现在所告诉你的一切都十分令人悲痛，
10:58
But there is actually a very positive side to this,
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但是这其中也有好的一面。
11:02
and that is this: The 27 million people
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那就是，
11:04
who are in slavery today,
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尽管当今世界的奴隶有2700万之大，
11:06
that's a lot of people, but it's also
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虽然数目看上去很庞大，
11:08
the smallest fraction
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但是这个数字所占世界总人口的奴隶比例
11:10
of the global population to ever be in slavery.
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是历史上最小的。
11:13
And likewise, the 40 billion dollars that they generate
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同样的，使用奴隶的产业400亿美元的产值
11:16
into the global economy each year
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在全球总经济中的所占的份额
11:18
is the tiniest proportion of the global economy
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也是有史以来
11:21
to ever be represented by slave labor.
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最少的。
11:25
Slavery, illegal in every country
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奴隶制度，在每个国家都是违法的，
11:27
has been pushed to the edges of our global society.
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现如今，它已经被我们逼到了灭绝的边缘。
11:32
And in a way, without us even noticing,
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也许我们自己还没有注意到，
11:35
has ended up standing on the precipice
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今天的奴隶制度
11:37
of its own extinction,
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已经占到了悬崖的边上，
11:39
waiting for us to give it a big boot
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只要我们狠狠地踹他一脚，
11:42
and knock it over. And get rid of it.
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它就会被打倒，我们将从此不受奴隶制度的侵扰。
11:44
And it can be done.
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这绝对是可行的。
11:46
Now, if we do that, if we put the resources
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现在，如果我们能够付诸实践，
11:48
and the focus to it,
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并且把资源集中起来，解决奴隶制问题。
11:50
what does it actually cost to get people out of slavery?
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大家可能会问，根除奴隶制的代价究竟有多大呢？
11:53
Well, first, before I even tell you the cost
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在我告诉大家代价究竟有多大之前，
11:56
I've got to be absolutely clear.
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有一点我必须申明，
11:58
We do not buy people out of slavery.
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解决奴隶制问题不是花钱把人赎回来这么简单。
12:02
Buying people out of slavery is like
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从奴隶主手中花钱赎人
12:04
paying a burglar to get your television back;
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就像是花钱把你丢了的电视从盗贼手里买回来。
12:06
it's abetting a crime.
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这是助纣为虐。
12:09
Liberation, however, costs some money.
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诚然，解放奴隶确实需要花一些钱。
12:11
Liberation, and more importantly
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解放奴隶不是全部，更重要的
12:13
all the work that comes after liberation.
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是奴隶们被解放的后续工作。
12:16
It's not an event, it's a process.
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这不是一个独立的事件，这是一个持续的过程。
12:18
It's about helping people to build lives of dignity,
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我们要帮助奴隶们开始有尊严的生活，
12:21
stability, economic autonomy,
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稳定的且能自由支配自己经济活动的生活，
12:23
citizenship.
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并且享有公民权。
12:25
Well, amazingly,
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令人惊讶的是，
12:27
in places like India where costs are very low,
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在印度这种物价偏低的地方，
12:30
that family, that three-generation family that you see there
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有你所看到的这种三世同堂的家庭
12:34
who were in hereditary slavery --
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是世袭的奴隶。
12:36
so, that granddad there, was born a baby into slavery --
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图片中的这位老人，一出生就是奴隶了。
12:41
but the total cost, amortized
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但是把这个三人奴隶家庭解放的总费用，
12:43
across the rest of the work,
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包括各种善后工作的费用，
12:45
was about 150 dollars to bring that family
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如果通过分期付款的方式支付的话，
12:47
out of slavery and then take them through a two year process
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总计不过需要150美元，
12:50
to build a stable life of citizenship and education.
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另外还有用两年的时间为他们争取公民权和教育。
12:55
A boy in Ghana rescued from fishing slavery, about 400 dollars.
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从加纳的捕鱼业解放一个男童差不多要400美元。
12:58
In the United States, North America,
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但是在美国，
13:00
much more expensive. Legal costs, medical costs ...
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解放一个奴隶就贵得多了，
13:02
we understand that it's expensive here:
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其中要涉及法律程序、医疗保险等等，你们懂的，
13:04
about 30,000 dollars.
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这些费用差不多要30000美元。
13:06
But most of the people in the world in slavery
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实际上，世界上绝大多数的奴隶
13:09
live in those places where
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所生活的地方，
13:11
the costs are lowest.
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当地的物价指数都是最低的。
13:13
And in fact, the global average is about what it is
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在全球范围内解放一个奴隶的平均代价
13:16
for Ghana.
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和加纳当地差不多（一个人400美元）。
13:19
And that means, when you multiply it up,
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那就意味着，把这个数字和世界奴隶总人口相乘，
13:22
the estimated cost of
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为全世界2700万奴隶取得自由的代价，
13:24
not just freedom but sustainable freedom
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不仅仅是自由，
13:27
for the entire 27 million people on the planet in slavery
299
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而是可持续性的自由，
13:31
is something like 10.8 billion dollars --
300
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3000
也只不过区区108亿美元而已。
13:34
what Americans spend on potato chips and pretzels,
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美国人花在零嘴上的钱差不多就有这些，
13:37
what Seattle is going to spend on its light rail system:
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西雅图花在轻轨上的钱差不多就有这些，
13:40
usually the annual expenditure in this country on blue jeans,
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我们全国每年花在买牛仔裤上的钱就有这些，
13:44
or in the last holiday period
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或者是我们上个假期
13:46
when we bought GameBoys and iPods and other tech gifts for people,
305
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花在游戏机、随身听和给别人买的礼物上面的钱
13:50
we spent 10.8 billion dollars.
306
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就能有108亿美元。
13:53
Intel's fourth quarter earnings: 10.8 billion.
307
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因特尔第四季度的收入也是108亿美元。
13:57
It's not a lot of money at the global level.
308
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在全球范围考虑，这108亿美元不算是什么大钱，
13:59
In fact, it's peanuts.
309
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简直是小菜一碟。
14:01
And the great thing about it is that
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这份投资最好的一点就是
14:03
it's not money down a hole,
311
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钱不是掉进无底洞了，
14:05
there is a freedom dividend. When you let people out of slavery
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这份钱所买来的自由是会产生红利的。当人们从奴役中被解放出来，
14:08
to work for themselves,
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为自己工作的时候，
14:10
are they motivated?
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他们不更加有积极性么？
14:12
They take their kids out of the workplace,
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他们把自己的孩子带出了工作的地方，
14:14
they build a school, they say,
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他们建起了学校，然后说：
14:16
"We're going to have stuff we've never had before like three squares,
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“我们将会拥有我们之前从未拥有过的东西，比如三个广场，
14:19
medicine when we're sick,
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生病时候吃的药，
14:21
clothing when we're cold."
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冷的时候暖和的衣服。”
14:23
They become consumers and producers
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他们将成为生产者和消费者，
14:25
and local economies begin to spiral up very rapidly.
321
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当地的经济也将因此迅猛发展。
14:30
That's important, all of that
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我们要发展的是可持续性自由，
14:32
about how we rebuild sustainable freedom,
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这至关重要，
14:34
because we'd never want to repeat
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因为，我们不想让在这个国家1865年时发生的悲剧
14:38
what happened in this country in 1865.
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再次重演。
14:41
Four million people were lifted up out of slavery
326
866000
3000
当年，有400万奴隶被解放了出来，
14:44
and then dumped.
327
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3000
但是他们又随即被抛弃了，
14:47
Dumped without political participation,
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奴隶们没能得到参政权，
14:49
decent education,
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良好的教育，
14:51
any kind of real opportunity
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以及任何实际的
14:53
in terms of economic lives,
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改善经济水平的机会，
14:55
and then sentenced to generations of
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他们数代人
14:58
violence and prejudice and discrimination.
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仍注定将生活在暴力和歧视的阴影下。
15:00
And America is still paying the price
334
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今天的美国
15:02
for the botched emancipation of 1865.
335
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4000
仍在为1865年不彻底的奴隶解放付出着代价。
15:06
We have made a commitment
336
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我们要作出一项承诺，
15:08
that we will never let people
337
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2000
那就是，我们永远不能看着
15:10
come out of slavery on our watch,
338
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2000
奴隶在我们的手里得到了解放，
15:12
and end up as second class citizens.
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但最终仍沦为社会的二等公民。
15:15
It's just not going to happen.
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这绝对不会发生。
15:17
This is what liberation really looks like.
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真正的解放应该是这样。
15:29
Children rescued from slavery in the fishing industry in Ghana,
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在加纳，在捕鱼业工作的童奴被解放出来
15:33
reunited with their parents,
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和父母团聚，
15:35
and then taken with their parents back to their villages
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他们被他们的父母带回了故乡的村庄，
15:37
to rebuild their economic well-being
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重建他们新的经济生活，
15:39
so that they become slave-proof --
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这样，他们便不可能再次被奴役，
15:42
absolutely unenslaveable.
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绝对不会。
15:45
Now, this woman
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现在，看这位妇女，
15:47
lived in a village in Nepal.
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她住在尼泊尔的一个村落。
15:49
We'd been working there about a month.
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我们在那里工作了差不多一个月。
15:52
They had just begun to come out of a hereditary kind of slavery.
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她们刚刚从世袭制的奴役中被解放出来。
15:56
They'd just begun to light up a little bit,
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她们才刚刚开始对未来燃起希望，
15:58
open up a little bit.
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迎接新生活。
16:00
But when we went to speak with her, when we took this photograph,
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可当我们与她交谈并拍下这张照片的时候，
16:02
the slaveholders were still menacing us
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奴隶主仍然在暗中对我们很不友好。
16:07
from the sidelines. They hadn't been really pushed back.
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奴隶主面对我们的对抗并没有退缩。
16:10
I was frightened. We were frightened.
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我当时挺害怕的，我们当时都害怕了。
16:13
We said to her, "Are you worried? Are you upset?"
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我们问她，“你害怕么？你有不安么？”
16:16
She said, "No, because we've got hope now.
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她说，“不，因为我们现在的生活有盼头了。
16:20
How could we not succeed," she said,
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当有像你们这样的人
16:24
"when people like you from the other side of the world
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从世界的另一端来到这里帮助我们，
16:28
are coming here to stand beside us?"
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我们何愁不能成功？”
16:31
Okay, we have to ask ourselves,
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让我们问自己一个问题，
16:35
are we willing to live in a world with slavery?
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我们是否愿意生活在一个没有奴隶的世界？
16:39
If we don't take action, we just leave ourselves open
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我们也许只是袖手旁观，
16:42
to have someone else jerk the strings
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等待着能有别人站出来
16:44
that tie us to slavery in the products we buy,
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通过日常消费和制定政府政策
16:47
and in our government policies.
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来改变奴隶制的现状。
16:49
And yet, if there's one thing that every human being can agree on,
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但是有一点应该能够取得大家的共识，
16:53
I think it's that slavery should end.
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那便是：奴隶制应当灭亡。
16:57
And if there is a fundamental violation
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如果有什么东西
16:59
of our human dignity
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从根本上侵犯了人类的尊严，
17:02
that we would all say is horrific,
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那真是十分可怕，
17:04
it's slavery.
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而这东西，就是奴隶制。
17:06
And we've got to say,
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我不禁要问，
17:09
what good is all of our intellectual
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智力、政治力量和经济力量
17:12
and political and economic power --
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究竟有什么实在的好处么？
17:14
and I'm really thinking intellectual power in this room --
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如果我们这一个屋子里面的人不能够用我们的智慧打倒奴隶制，
17:18
if we can't use it to bring slavery to an end?
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那么智慧又有何用呢？
17:21
I think there is enough intellectual power in this room
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我认为，我们这间屋子理所蕴含的智慧
17:23
to bring slavery to an end.
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足够强大能把奴隶制打倒了。
17:25
And you know what? If we can't do that,
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另外你知道么，假如我们做不到，
17:28
if we can't use our intellectual power to end slavery,
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如果我们做不到利用我们的智慧解放奴隶的话，
17:31
there is one last question:
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我有最后一个问题留给大家，
17:34
Are we truly free?
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那我们还能算是真正自由的人吗？
17:36
Okay, thank you so much.
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好，谢谢大家。
17:38
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin Bales - Anti-slavery activistKevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves."
Why you should listen
As an author, a professor of sociology, and consultant to the United Nations Global Program on Human Trafficking, Kevin Bales is one of the world’s foremost experts on modern slavery. He has made it his mission to eradicate global slavery.
Along with traveling the world doing investigative research, authoring books, racking up human rights awards, and teaming up with Simon Pell to form a fundraising consultant firm, Pell & Bales Ltd., he established Free the Slaves, a nonprofit whose brilliant website is packed with facts and inspirations to action. With Free the Slaves, Bales has mapped out ways to spread the message and gain resources that assign governments, the UN, business, communities and individuals specific roles in the fight to end slavery. In his new book, The Slave Next Door, he explores the relationship of slavery and environmental destruction. Armed with a compelling presence and a hopeful heart, he is enticing the world to help, so that we can all one day say the words: Mission Accomplished.
Kevin Bales | Speaker | TED.com