TED2010
Kevin Bales: How to combat modern slavery
Kevin Bales: Kako se boriti protiv modernog ropstva?
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U ovom dirljivom, ali poučnom govoru Kevin Bales objašnjava moderno ropstvo, multimilijardersku ekonomiju koja podupire neke od najgorih industrija na planeti. Dijeli statističke podatke i osobne priče iz svog terenskog istraživanja -- i navodi cijenu koštanja za oslobođenje svakog porobljenog bića na zemlji u ovom trenutku.
Kevin Bales - Anti-slavery activist
Kevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves." Full bio
Kevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
You know for me, the interest in contemporary forms of slavery
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Znate, moj interes za suvremene oblike ropstva
00:20
started with a leaflet that I picked up in London.
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započeo je tako što sam u Londonu pokupio letak.
00:22
It was the early '90s,
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Bilo je to ranih 90-tih,
00:24
and I was at a public event.
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na javnom događanju.
00:26
I saw this leaflet and it said,
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Vidio sam taj letak na kojem je pisalo:
00:29
"There are millions of slaves in the world today."
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"Danas u svijetu postoje milijuni robova."
00:32
And I thought, "No way, no way."
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I onda sam pomislio, "Nema šanse, nema šanse."
00:36
And I'm going to admit to hubris.
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I priznat ću tu oholost.
00:39
Because I also, I'm going to admit to you,
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Zato jer, priznat ću vam,
00:41
I also thought, "How can I be like
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pomislio sam ako ja kao
00:43
a hot-shot young full professor
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uvaženi, mladi redovni profesor
00:45
who teaches human rights and not know this?
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koji podučava ljudska prava ne znam za to
00:48
So it can't be true."
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onda to sigurno nije istina.
00:50
Well, if you teach, if you worship
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Pa, ako podučavate, ako se klanjate
00:52
in the temple of learning,
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u hramu znanja
00:54
do not mock the gods,
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ne rugajte se bogovima.
00:56
because they will take you,
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Zato jer će vas oni
00:58
fill you with curiosity and desire,
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ispuniti znatiželjom i htijenjem
01:01
and drive you. Drive you with a passion
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i voditi vas, voditi vas sa strašću da
01:04
to change things.
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promijenite stvari.
01:07
I went out and did a lit review,
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Otišao sam i napravio mali pregled
01:09
3,000 articles on the key word "slavery."
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3.000 članaka s ključnom riječju "ropstvo"
01:12
Two turned out to be about contemporary -- only two.
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da bi se ispostavilo da su suvremena samo dva, a
01:15
All the rest were historical.
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svi ostali bili su povijesni.
01:17
They were press pieces and they were full of outrage,
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Bili su to izvatci iz novina puni nasilja,
01:20
they were full of speculation, they were anecdotal --
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prepuni nagađanja, anegdotski.
01:23
no solid information.
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Nije bilo kvalitetnih informacija
01:25
So, I began to do a research project of my own.
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i zato sam započeo svoj istraživački projekt.
01:28
I went to five countries around the world.
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Otišao sam u pet zemalja diljem svijeta.
01:30
I looked at slaves. I met slaveholders,
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Tragao sam za robovima. Upoznao sam robovlasnike.
01:33
and I looked very deeply
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I proučavao sam vrlo temeljito
01:35
into slave-based businesses
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poslove koji su bazirani na robovlasništvu.
01:38
because this is an economic crime.
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Jer to je ekonomski zločin.
01:40
People do not enslave people to be mean to them.
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Ljudi ne porobljavaju ljude zato da bi bili zli prema njima.
01:44
They do it to make a profit.
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To rade kako bi ostvarili profit.
01:46
And I've got to tell you, what I found out in the world
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I moram vam reći, ono što sam našao, po svijetu
01:48
in four different continents,
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na četiri različita kontinenta
01:51
was depressingly familiar.
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bilo je deprimirajuće prepoznatljivo.
01:53
Like this:
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Kao ovo.
01:56
Agricultural workers in Africa,
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Poljoprivredni radnici u Africi,
01:58
whipped and beaten,
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šibani i tučeni,
02:00
showing us how they were beaten in the fields
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pokazuju nam kako su tučeni u poljima,
02:03
before they escaped from slavery
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prije nego su pobjegli iz ropstva
02:05
and met up with our film crew.
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i susreli se s našom filmskom ekipom.
02:07
It was mind-blowing.
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To je bilo zastrašujuće.
02:10
And I want to be very clear.
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I želim biti jako jasan.
02:14
I'm talking about real slavery.
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Ja ovdje govorim o pravom ropstvu.
02:16
This is not about lousy marriages,
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Ovdje se ne radi o lošim brakovima.
02:18
this is not about jobs that suck.
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Ne radi se o poslovima koji su bezveze.
02:20
This is about people who can not walk away,
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Radi se o ljudima koji ne mogu otići,
02:23
people who are forced to work without pay,
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ljudima koji su prisiljeni raditi bez plaće,
02:25
people who are operating 24/7
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ljudima koji rade 24 sata dnevno 7 dana u tjednu
02:28
under a threat of violence
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pod prijetnjom nasiljem,
02:30
and have no pay.
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i nemaju nikakvu nadnicu.
02:33
It's real slavery in exactly the same way
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To je pravo ropstvo na isti način
02:35
that slavery would be recognized
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kakvo je bilo ropstvo
02:37
throughout all of human history.
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kroz cijelu ljudsku povijest.
02:40
Now, where is it?
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I onda, gdje je?
02:42
Well, this map in the sort of redder, yellower colors
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Ova karta u nijansama crvenih i žutih boja
02:45
are the places with the highest densities of slavery.
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prikazuje mjesta s najvećom gustoćom ropstva.
02:48
But in fact that kind of bluey color
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No samo ove plavičaste boje
02:50
are the countries where we can't find any cases of slavery.
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zemlje su u kojima ne možemo naći slučajeve ropstva.
02:53
And you might notice that it's only Iceland and Greenland
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Možete primjetiti da samo na Islandu i Grenlandu
02:56
where we can't find any cases of enslavement
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od cijelog svijeta, ne možemo naći
02:58
around the world.
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slučajeve ropstva.
03:00
We're also particularly interested
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Posebno smo zainteresirani
03:02
and looking very carefully
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i jako smo pažljivo tragali
03:04
at places where
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za mjestima gdje
03:08
slaves are being used to perpetrate
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su robovi korišteni za počinjenje
03:10
extreme environmental destruction.
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ekstremnog uništavanja okoliša.
03:14
Around the world, slaves are used to destroy the environment,
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Diljem svijeta, robovi su korišteni za uništavanje okoliša
03:17
cutting down trees in the Amazon; destroying
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sječom šume u Amazoni, uništavanjem
03:19
forest areas in West Africa;
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šumskih područja u sjevernoj Africi,
03:21
mining and spreading mercury around
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miniranjem i širenjem žive u okoliš
03:24
in places like Ghana and the Congo;
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na mjestima kao što su Gana i Kongo,
03:26
destroying the coastal ecosystems in South Asia.
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uništavanjem obalnih područja u južnoj Aziji.
03:30
It's a pretty harrowing linkage
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Prilično je uznemirujuća veza
03:33
between what's happening to our environment
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između onog što se događa s okolišem
03:35
and what's happening to our human rights.
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i onoga što se događa ljudskim pravima.
03:37
Now, how on Earth did we get to a situation like this,
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I kako smo li samo dospjeli u ovakvu situaciju
03:40
where we have 27 million people
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u kojoj je 27 milijuna ljudi
03:43
in slavery in the year 2010?
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u 2010. godini u ropstvu?
03:45
That's double the number that came out of Africa
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To je dvostruko veći broj od cjelokupne
03:48
in the entire transatlantic slave trade.
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transatlantske trgovine robovima iz Afrike.
03:51
Well, it builds up with these factors.
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Situacija se sastoji od sljedećih faktora.
03:53
They are not causal, they are actually supporting factors.
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Oni nisu uzročni, već podržavajući faktori.
03:56
One we all know about, the population explosion:
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Jedan za koji svi znamo: eksplozija stanovništva
03:59
the world goes from two billion people to almost
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svijet je od dvije milijarde ljudi došao do
04:01
seven billion people in the last 50 years.
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sedam milijardi u zadnjih 50 godina.
04:04
Being numerous does not make you a slave.
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Međutim, mnogobrojnost nas ne čini robovima.
04:06
Add in the increased vulnerability of very large numbers of people
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Dodajte tome rastuću ranjivost velikog broja ljudi
04:11
in the developing world,
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u zemljama u razvoju,
04:13
caused by civil wars, ethnic conflicts,
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uzrokovanu građanskim ratovima, etničkim sukobima,
04:16
kleptocratic governments, disease ... you name it, you know it.
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vladama zasnovanim na krađi, bolestima, i poznatim sličnim stvarima.
04:19
We understand how that works. In some countries
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Mi razumijemo kako to ide. U nekim zemljama
04:21
all of those things happen at once,
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sve ove stvari dogode se u isto vrijeme
04:23
like Sierra Leone a few years ago,
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kao u Siera Leone-u prije nekoliko godina.
04:25
and push enormous parts ... about a billion people in the world, in fact,
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I gurnu ogromne dijelove, oko milijardu ljudi u svijetu, zapravo
04:29
as we know, live on the edge,
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kao što znamo, na rub egzistencije.
04:31
live in situations where
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Oni žive u situacijama gdje
04:33
they don't have any opportunity and are usually even destitute.
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nemaju nikakvih mogućnosti, većinom su ih potpuno lišeni.
04:38
But that doesn't make you a slave either.
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Ali ni to te ne čini robom.
04:41
What it takes to turn a person who is destitute and vulnerable
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Ono što je potrebno da osobu ranjivu i lišenu mogućnosti pretvori
04:44
into a slave, is the absence of the rule of law.
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u roba nepostojanje je vladavine zakona.
04:48
If the rule of law is sound, it protects
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Ako vladavina zakona postoji onda štiti
04:50
the poor and it protects the vulnerable.
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siromašne, i štiti ranjive.
04:52
But if corruption creeps in
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Ali ako se korupcija tiho uvuče
04:54
and people don't have the opportunity
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i ljudi nemaju mogućnosti
04:56
to have that protection of the rule of law,
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imati zaštitu zakona
04:58
then if you can use violence,
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u tom slučaju ako koristiš nasilje,
05:00
if you can use violence with impunity,
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ako možeš nekažnjeno koristiti nasilje,
05:02
you can reach out and harvest the vulnerable
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možeš posegnuti i ranjive skupine
05:05
into slavery.
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pretvoriti u roblje.
05:07
Well, that is precisely what has happened around the world.
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Eto, točno to se dogodilo na raznim mjestima u svijetu.
05:11
Though, for a lot of people,
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Pomislih, za mnogo ljudi
05:15
the people who step
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način na koje su ušli u suvremeno ropstvo,
05:17
into slavery today
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ljudi kojima se dogodilo suvremeno ropstvo
05:20
don't usually get kidnapped or knocked over the head.
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najčešće nisu oteti ili udareni nečim po glavi.
05:24
They come into slavery because
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Oni su u ropstvo ušli
05:26
someone has asked them this question.
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jer im je netko postavio pitanje.
05:28
All around the world I've been told an almost identical story.
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Širom svijeta ispričali su mi gotovo identičnu priču.
05:31
People say, "I was home,
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Ljudi kažu: "Bio sam kod kuće,
05:33
someone came into our village,
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netko je došao u naše selo,
05:35
they stood up in the back of a truck, they said, 'I've got jobs,
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i stojeći na zadnjem dijelu kamiona rekao: imam posla,
05:37
who needs a job?'"
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tko treba posao?"
05:39
And they did exactly what
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I oni su učinili isto što bi
05:41
you or I would do in the same situation.
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vi ili ja učinili u toj situaciji.
05:44
They said, "That guy looked sketchy. I was suspicious,
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Kažu: "Čovjek je izgledao čudno. Bio sam sumnjičav.
05:48
but my children were hungry.
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Ali djeca su mi bila gladna.
05:51
We needed medicine.
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Trebali smo lijekove.
05:53
I knew I had to do anything I could
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Znao sam da moram učiniti sve što mogu
05:55
to earn some money to support the people I care about."
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da zaradim novac za uzdržavanje onih koje volim."
05:59
They climb into the back of the truck. They go off with the person who recruits them.
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Popnu se straga u kamion. Odu s osobom koja ih je unovačila.
06:02
Ten miles, 100 miles, 1,000 miles later,
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10 milja, 100 milja, 1.000 milja kasnije
06:06
they find themselves in dirty, dangerous, demeaning work.
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nađu se radeći prljav, opasan, ponižavajući posao.
06:10
They take it for a little while,
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Oni prihvate posao na neko vrijeme
06:12
but when they try to leave, bang!, the hammer comes down,
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no kad požele otići, beng, dogodi se udarac kao čekićem
06:15
and they discover they're enslaved.
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i otkriju da su porobljeni.
06:18
Now, that kind of slavery
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Pa sad, takva vrsta ropstva
06:21
is, again, pretty much what slavery has been all through human history.
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jako je slična onome kakvo je ropstvo bilo kroz cijelu ljudsku povijest.
06:25
But there is one thing that is particularly remarkable
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No postoji jedna stvar koja je drugačija
06:29
and novel about slavery today,
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i nova kod ropstva današnjice.
06:31
and that is a complete collapse
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To je potpuni kolaps
06:35
in the price of human beings --
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vrijednosti ljudskog bića.
06:38
expensive in the past, dirt cheap now.
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Skupo u prošlosti, nevjerojatno jeftino danas
06:41
Even the business programs have started
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čak su i poslovni programi počeli
06:43
picking up on this.
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to shvaćati.
06:45
I just want to share a little clip for you.
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Volio bih podijeliti s vama ovaj isječak.
06:47
Daphne: OK. Llively discussion guaranteed here, as always,
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Video: Žena: ok, ovdje je zagarantirana živa rasprava, kao i obično,
06:49
as we get macro and talk commodities.
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kada pričamo o vrijednosti roba na svjetskom tržištu.
06:52
Continuing here in the studio with our guest Michael O'Donohue,
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Nastavljamo u studiju s našim gostom Michaelom O'Donohueom
06:55
head of commodities at Four Continents Capital Management.
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šefom nabave u Four Continents Capital Management-u.
06:57
And we're also joined by Brent Lawson
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Priključit će nam se i Brent Lawson
07:00
from Lawson Frisk Securities.
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iz Lawson Frisk Securities-a.
07:02
Brent Lawson: Happy to be here.
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Brent Lawson: Drago mi je što sam ovdje.
07:04
D: Good to have you with us, Brent.
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Žena: Dobrodošli Brent.
07:06
Now, gentlemen ... Brent, where is your money going this year?
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A sada gospodo, Brent, gdje ide vaš novac ove godine?
07:10
BL: Well Daphne, we've been going short on gas and oil recently
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BL: Pa, Daphne, nedavno nam je nedostajalo nafte i plina,
07:13
and casting our net just a little bit wider.
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pa smo malo i proširili naše poslove nabave.
07:15
We really like the human being story a lot.
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Jako nam je draga i ta priča o ljudima.
07:18
If you look at a long-term chart,
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Ako pogledate na ovaj dugoročni dijagram
07:21
prices are at historical lows and yet global demand
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cijene su najniže u povijesti, a globalni zahtijevi
07:23
for forced labor is still real strong.
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za prisilnim radom i dalje su iznimno veliki.
07:26
So, that's a scenario that we think we should be capitalizing on.
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Dakle to je scenario koji trebamo unovčiti.
07:30
D: Michael, what's your take on the people story? Are you interested?
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D: Michael, koji je vaš interes u priči o ljudima? Jeste li zainteresirani?
07:33
Michael O'Donoghue: Oh definitely. Non-voluntary labor's greatest advantage
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Micheal O'Donohue: O, apsolutno. Najveća prednost prisilnog rada,
07:36
as an asset is the endless supply.
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kao imovine, je njena neograničena ponuda.
07:38
We're not about to run out of people. No other commodity has that.
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Nemoguće je da ostanemo bez ljudi. Nijedna roba nije kao ova.
07:41
BL: Daphne, if I may draw your attention to one thing.
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BL: Daphne, ako ti mogu skrenuti pažnju na jednu stvar,
07:43
That is that private equity has been sniffing around,
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a to je da se privatni kapital raspituje okolo.
07:46
and that tells me that this market is about to explode.
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A to mi govori da bi ovo tržište moglo uskoro eksplodirati.
07:49
Africans and Indians, as usual,
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Ljudi iz Afrike, Indijanci, kao i obično,
07:51
South Americans, and Eastern Europeans in particular
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Južnoamerikanci i posebno Istočni Europljani
07:54
are on our buy list.
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na našoj su listi za kupnju.
07:56
D: Interesting. Micheal, bottom line, what do you recommend?
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D: Zanimljivo. Michael, što ti preporučuješ?
07:59
MO: We're recommending to our clients
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MO: Mi našim klijentima preporučujemo
08:01
a buy and hold strategy.
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strategiju "kupi i čekaj".
08:03
There's no need to play the market.
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Nema potrebe za igranjem na tržištu.
08:05
There's a lot of vulnerable people out there. It's very exciting.
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Tamo je puno ranjivih ljudi. To je tako uzbudljivo.
08:08
D: Exciting stuff indeed. Gentlemen, thank you very much.
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D: Zaista zanimljivo. Gospodo, hvala vam puno.
08:13
Kevin Bales: Okay, you figured it out. That's a spoof.
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Kevin Bales: OK, shvatili ste. Ovo je skeč.
08:15
Though I enjoyed watching
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Baš sam uživao gledati
08:17
your jaws drop, drop, drop, until you got it.
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vaše vilice kako padaju, padaju, padaju dok niste shvatili.
08:21
MTV Europe worked with us and made that spoof,
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MTV Europe je surađivao s nama i snimio ovaj skeč.
08:24
and they've been slipping it in between music videos
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I puštali su ga između glazbenih spotova
08:26
without any introduction, which I think is kind of fun.
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bez ikakve najave, što je, čini mi se na neki način smiješno.
08:29
Here's the reality.
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Evo što je realnost.
08:31
The price of human beings across the last 4,000 years
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Cijena ljudskog bića u proteklih 40.000 godina
08:34
in today's money has averaged about 40,000 dollars.
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u današnjem novcu prosječno je oko 40.000$
08:37
Capital purchase items.
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Kapitalna ulaganja.
08:40
You can see that the lines cross when the population explodes.
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Možete vidjeti da se linije sijeku kad dolazi do eksplozije populacije.
08:43
The average price of a human being today,
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Prosječna cijena ljudskog bića danas,
08:46
around the world, is about 90 dollars.
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u svijetu je oko 90$.
08:48
They are more expensive in places like North America.
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Malo su skuplji na mjestima kao što je Sjeverna Amerika.
08:51
Slaves cost between 3,000 to 8,000 dollars in North America,
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u Sjevernoj Americi robovi koštaju između 3.000$ i 8.000$.
08:55
but I could take you places in India or Nepal
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No mogu vas odvesti na mjesta u Indiji i Nepalu
08:58
where human beings can be acquired for five or 10 dollars.
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gdje čovjeka možete nabaviti za 5$ ili 10$.
09:01
They key here is that
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Ključna je stvar ovom
09:03
people have ceased to be that capital purchase item
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da su ljudi prestali biti vrijedna roba
09:07
and become like Styrofoam cups.
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i postali su kao čaše od stiropora.
09:09
You buy them cheaply, you use them,
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Kupite ih jeftino. Koristite ih.
09:12
you crumple them up, and then when you're done
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Zgužvate ih, i kad ste gotovi s njima
09:14
with them you just throw them away.
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jednostavno ih bacite.
09:16
These young boys are in Nepal.
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Oni mladi dečki su u Nepalu.
09:19
They are basically the transport system
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U osnovi oni su prijevozni sustav
09:22
on a quarry run by a slaveholder.
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u kamenolomu koji drži robovlasnik.
09:24
There are no roads there, so they carry loads of stone
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Tamo nema ceste, pa oni nose hrpe kamena
09:27
on their backs, often of their own weight,
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često teške kao i oni sami, na svojim leđima
09:30
up and down the Himalaya Mountains.
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gore i dolje po Himalajskim planinama.
09:32
One of their mothers said to us,
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Majka jednog od njih rekla nam je,
09:34
"You know, we can't survive here,
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"Znaš, ne možemo preživjeti ovdje,
09:36
but we can't even seem to die either."
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ali ne možemo, čini se, ni umrijeti."
09:39
It's a horrible situation.
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To je strašna situacija.
09:41
And if there is anything that makes me feel very positive about this,
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I ako ima išta što mi daje tračak nade u ovoj situaciji
09:45
it's that there are also --
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je da tamo, također,
09:47
in addition to young men like this who are still enslaved --
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uz to što ima mladih ljudi koji su neporobljeni
09:49
there are ex-slaves who are now working to free others.
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ima i bivših robova koji rade na tome da oslobode druge.
09:53
Or, we say, Frederick Douglass is in the house.
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Ili, kažemo, Federick Douglass je stigao.
09:56
I don't know if you've ever had a daydream
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Ne znam jeste li ikada sanjarili,
09:59
about, "Wow. What would it be like to meet Harriet Tubman?
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o tome, vau, kako bi bilo sresti Harriet Tubman?
10:01
What would it be like to meet Frederick Douglass?"
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Kako bi bilo sresti Fredericka Douglassa?
10:03
I've got to say, one of the most exciting parts about my job
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Moram reći, jedan od najzanimljivijih dijelova mog posla
10:06
is that I get to,
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je da sam ja to mogao.
10:08
and I want to introduce you to one of those.
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I želim vas upoznati s jednim od njih.
10:10
His name is James Kofi Annan. He was a slave child in Ghana
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Njegovo ime je James Kofi Annan, kao dijete je bio rob u Gani.
10:13
enslaved in the fishing industry,
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porobljen u ribarskoj industriji.
10:15
and he now, after escape and building a new life,
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On je sada, nakon bijega i stvaranja novog života
10:19
has formed an organization that we work closely with
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stvorio organizaciju s kojom blisko surađujemo
10:22
to go back and get people out of slavery.
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koja se bavi spašavanjem ljudi iz ropstva.
10:24
This is not James, this is one of the kids that he works with.
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Ovo nije James. Ovo je jedno od djece s kojom on radi.
10:27
James Kofi Annan (Video): He was hit with a paddle
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Video: James Kofi Annan: On je bio pogođen veslom
10:29
in the head. And this reminds me
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znate, u glavu. I to me podsjeća
10:31
of my childhood when I used to work here.
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na moje djetinjstvo, kada sam ovdje radio.
10:35
KB: James and our country director in Ghana,
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KB: James i naš regionalni direktor u Gani
10:39
Emmanuel Otoo are now receiving regular death threats
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Emmanuel Oto* sada redovito primaju prijetnje smrću
10:42
because the two of them managed to get
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jer su njih dvojica po prvi put, uspjela ishoditi
10:44
convictions and imprisonment for three human traffickers
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osudu i zatvaranje trojice trgovaca ljudima
10:47
for the very first time in Ghana
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u Gani
10:49
for enslaving people, from the fishing industry,
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za porobljavanje ljudi u ribolovnoj industriji,
10:51
for enslaving children.
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za porobljavanje djece.
10:53
Now, everything I've been telling you,
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Sve što sam vam govorio,
10:55
I admit, is pretty disheartening.
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priznajem, prilično rastužuje.
10:58
But there is actually a very positive side to this,
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No to sve zapravo ima i dosta pozitivnu stranu.
11:02
and that is this: The 27 million people
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A to je ovo, 27 milijuna ljudi
11:04
who are in slavery today,
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koji su danas u ropstvu,
11:06
that's a lot of people, but it's also
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to je dosta ljudi no to je također
11:08
the smallest fraction
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maleni dio
11:10
of the global population to ever be in slavery.
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svjetske populacije koja je ikada bila u ropstvu.
11:13
And likewise, the 40 billion dollars that they generate
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i također, 40 milijardi dolara koje oni doprinose
11:16
into the global economy each year
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globalnoj ekonomiji svake godine
11:18
is the tiniest proportion of the global economy
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najmanji je udio ikada koji je
11:21
to ever be represented by slave labor.
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robovski rad doprinio toj istoj globalnoj ekonomiji.
11:25
Slavery, illegal in every country
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Ropstvo, ilegalno u svakoj zemlji
11:27
has been pushed to the edges of our global society.
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potisnuto je na margine globalnog društva.
11:32
And in a way, without us even noticing,
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I, na neki način, bez da smo i primjetili,
11:35
has ended up standing on the precipice
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završilo je stojeći na litici
11:37
of its own extinction,
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svog izumiranja,
11:39
waiting for us to give it a big boot
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čekajući na nas da mu zadamo zadnji udarac
11:42
and knock it over. And get rid of it.
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gurnemo ga preko ruba i završimo s njim.
11:44
And it can be done.
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I to može biti učinjeno.
11:46
Now, if we do that, if we put the resources
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Ako to učinimo, ako smognemo resurse
11:48
and the focus to it,
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i usmjerimo se na to,
11:50
what does it actually cost to get people out of slavery?
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koliko zapravo košta izvući ljude iz ropstva?
11:53
Well, first, before I even tell you the cost
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Pa, prvo, prije nego vam kažem cijenu
11:56
I've got to be absolutely clear.
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moram biti potpuno jasan.
11:58
We do not buy people out of slavery.
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Mi ne otkupljujemo ljude iz ropstva.
12:02
Buying people out of slavery is like
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Otkupljivanje ljudi iz ropstva je kao
12:04
paying a burglar to get your television back;
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plaćanje provalniku da vam nazad vrati vaš televizor.
12:06
it's abetting a crime.
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To je poticanje zločina.
12:09
Liberation, however, costs some money.
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Oslobađanje, pak košta nešto novca.
12:11
Liberation, and more importantly
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Oslobađanje, i što je važnije
12:13
all the work that comes after liberation.
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sav posao koji dolazi nakon oslobođenja.
12:16
It's not an event, it's a process.
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To nije jedan događaj, to je proces.
12:18
It's about helping people to build lives of dignity,
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To je pomoć ljudima da izgrade dostojanstven život,
12:21
stability, economic autonomy,
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stabilnost, ekonomsku neovisnost,
12:23
citizenship.
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državljanstvo.
12:25
Well, amazingly,
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Nevjerojatno, no
12:27
in places like India where costs are very low,
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na mjestu kao što je Indija, gdje su troškovi vrlo niski
12:30
that family, that three-generation family that you see there
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ova obitelj, ova obitelj od tri generacije koju ovdje vidite,
12:34
who were in hereditary slavery --
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koja je bila u nasljednom ropstvu,
12:36
so, that granddad there, was born a baby into slavery --
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dakle, ovaj djed, rođen je, kao beba, u ropstvu.
12:41
but the total cost, amortized
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Ukupan trošak, uključujući i
12:43
across the rest of the work,
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"amortizaciju budućeg rada"
12:45
was about 150 dollars to bring that family
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bio je oko $150 dolara da se ta obitelj izbavi
12:47
out of slavery and then take them through a two year process
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iz ropstva i prođe kroz dvije godine dug proces
12:50
to build a stable life of citizenship and education.
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da stvore stabilan život, državljanstvo i obrazovanje.
12:55
A boy in Ghana rescued from fishing slavery, about 400 dollars.
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Dječak u Gani spašen iz ropstva u ribolovnoj industriji, oko 400$.
12:58
In the United States, North America,
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U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, Sjeverna Amerika,
13:00
much more expensive. Legal costs, medical costs ...
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puno je skuplje: pravni troškovi, zdravstveni troškovi,
13:02
we understand that it's expensive here:
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razumijemo to, tamo je skupo,
13:04
about 30,000 dollars.
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oko 30 000$.
13:06
But most of the people in the world in slavery
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No većina ljudi u svijetu koji su u ropstvu
13:09
live in those places where
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živi na mjestima gdje
13:11
the costs are lowest.
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su troškovi najniži.
13:13
And in fact, the global average is about what it is
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I zapravo, globalni troškovi su u prosjeku kao što su
13:16
for Ghana.
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u Gani.
13:19
And that means, when you multiply it up,
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To znači, kada sve to pomnožite
13:22
the estimated cost of
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procijenjena cijena,
13:24
not just freedom but sustainable freedom
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ne samo slobode, nego održive slobode
13:27
for the entire 27 million people on the planet in slavery
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za svih 27 milijuna ljudi na planeti koji su u ropstvu
13:31
is something like 10.8 billion dollars --
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to je nešto oko 10,8 milijardi dolara
13:34
what Americans spend on potato chips and pretzels,
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što Amerikanci potroše na krumpiriće i perece,
13:37
what Seattle is going to spend on its light rail system:
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što će Seattle potrošiti na svoj novi sustav gradske željeznice,
13:40
usually the annual expenditure in this country on blue jeans,
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uobičajeni godišnji troškovi u ovoj zemlji za traperice,
13:44
or in the last holiday period
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ili za zadnje blagdane
13:46
when we bought GameBoys and iPods and other tech gifts for people,
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kada smo kupili GameBoy-e i Ipod-e i ostale tehničke darove
13:50
we spent 10.8 billion dollars.
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potrošili smo 10,8 milijardi dolara.
13:53
Intel's fourth quarter earnings: 10.8 billion.
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Intel je u zadnjem kvartalu ostvario 10,8 milijardi $ prihoda.
13:57
It's not a lot of money at the global level.
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To nije puno novca na globalnoj razini,
13:59
In fact, it's peanuts.
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zapravo to je sitniš.
14:01
And the great thing about it is that
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A najbolja stvar od svega je
14:03
it's not money down a hole,
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što to nije bačen novac,
14:05
there is a freedom dividend. When you let people out of slavery
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to je ulog u slobodu. Kada oslobodite ljude iz ropstva
14:08
to work for themselves,
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da rade sami za sebe
14:10
are they motivated?
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jesu li motivirani?
14:12
They take their kids out of the workplace,
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Uzmu svoju djecu s radnih mjesta,
14:14
they build a school, they say,
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izgrade školu, oni kažu
14:16
"We're going to have stuff we've never had before like three squares,
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"Oni će imati ono što mi nismo nikada prije imali,
14:19
medicine when we're sick,
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lijekove kad su bolesni,
14:21
clothing when we're cold."
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odjeću kad im bude hladno.
14:23
They become consumers and producers
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Oni postaju potrošači i proizvođači,
14:25
and local economies begin to spiral up very rapidly.
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i lokalna ekonomija vrlo brzo počne rasti.
14:30
That's important, all of that
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To je važno, sve to
14:32
about how we rebuild sustainable freedom,
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kako ponovno uspostavljamo održivu slobodu,
14:34
because we'd never want to repeat
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jer ne bismo nikada voljeli ponoviti
14:38
what happened in this country in 1865.
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što se u ovoj zemlji dogodio 1865.
14:41
Four million people were lifted up out of slavery
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Četiri milijuna ljudi izbavljeno je iz ropstva
14:44
and then dumped.
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i onda ostavljeno,
14:47
Dumped without political participation,
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odbačeno bez političke participacije,
14:49
decent education,
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pristojne naobrazbe,
14:51
any kind of real opportunity
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bilo kakve prave prilike
14:53
in terms of economic lives,
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za ostvarenje vlastitih prihoda,
14:55
and then sentenced to generations of
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i osuđeno na generaciju
14:58
violence and prejudice and discrimination.
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nasilja i predrasuda i diskriminacije.
15:00
And America is still paying the price
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A Amerika još uvijek plaća cijenu
15:02
for the botched emancipation of 1865.
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za neuspjelu emancipaciju 1865.
15:06
We have made a commitment
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Mi smo se obvezali
15:08
that we will never let people
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da nećemo ostaviti ljude
15:10
come out of slavery on our watch,
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da izađu iz ropstva uz našu pomoć i
15:12
and end up as second class citizens.
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završe kao građani drugog reda.
15:15
It's just not going to happen.
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To se neće dogoditi.
15:17
This is what liberation really looks like.
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Ovako oslobođenje uistinu izgleda.
15:29
Children rescued from slavery in the fishing industry in Ghana,
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Djeca spašena iz ropstva u ribolovnoj industriji u Gani,
15:33
reunited with their parents,
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vraćena svojim roditeljima,
15:35
and then taken with their parents back to their villages
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i zajedno s roditeljima vraćena u njihova sela
15:37
to rebuild their economic well-being
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da ponovo izgrade svoje ekonomsko blagostanje
15:39
so that they become slave-proof --
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tako da postanu otporni na porobljavanje,
15:42
absolutely unenslaveable.
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apsolutno neporobivi.
15:45
Now, this woman
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Ova žena,
15:47
lived in a village in Nepal.
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je živjela u selu u Nepalu.
15:49
We'd been working there about a month.
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Tamo smo radili oko mjesec dana.
15:52
They had just begun to come out of a hereditary kind of slavery.
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Oni su tek počeli izlaziti iz nasljednog ropstva.
15:56
They'd just begun to light up a little bit,
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Tek su pomalo počeli oživljavati,
15:58
open up a little bit.
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malo se otvarati.
16:00
But when we went to speak with her, when we took this photograph,
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No kad smo otišli razgovarati s njom, kada smo snimili ovu fotografiju
16:02
the slaveholders were still menacing us
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robovlasnici su nam još uvijek prijetili
16:07
from the sidelines. They hadn't been really pushed back.
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iz prikrajka. Oni nisu bili uistinu udaljeni.
16:10
I was frightened. We were frightened.
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Bio sam prestrašen. Mi smo bili prestrašeni.
16:13
We said to her, "Are you worried? Are you upset?"
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Rekli smo joj: "Jesi li zabrinuta? Jesi li uznemirena?"
16:16
She said, "No, because we've got hope now.
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Ona je rekla: "Ne jer sada imamo nadu.
16:20
How could we not succeed," she said,
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Kako ne bismo mogli uspjeti", rekla je
16:24
"when people like you from the other side of the world
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kada ljudi kao ti s druge strane svijeta
16:28
are coming here to stand beside us?"
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dolaze ovdje da stanu uz nas?"
16:31
Okay, we have to ask ourselves,
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Ok, moramo se zapitati,
16:35
are we willing to live in a world with slavery?
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želimo li živjetu u svijetu u kojem ima ropstva.
16:39
If we don't take action, we just leave ourselves open
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Ako ne poduzmemo nešto ostajemo izloženi
16:42
to have someone else jerk the strings
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nekom drugom da povlači konce
16:44
that tie us to slavery in the products we buy,
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i veže nas uz ropstvo preko proizvoda koje kupujemo
16:47
and in our government policies.
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i preko politike naših vlada.
16:49
And yet, if there's one thing that every human being can agree on,
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A opet, ako postoji jedna stvar s kojom se svaki čovjek može složiti,
16:53
I think it's that slavery should end.
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mislim kako je to da ropstvo treba prestati.
16:57
And if there is a fundamental violation
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I ako postoji temeljno kršenje
16:59
of our human dignity
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ljudske slobode
17:02
that we would all say is horrific,
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za koju bi svi rekli da je užasna
17:04
it's slavery.
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to je ropstvo.
17:06
And we've got to say,
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Mi moramo reći
17:09
what good is all of our intellectual
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što vrijedi sva naša intelektualna
17:12
and political and economic power --
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i politička i ekonomska moć,
17:14
and I'm really thinking intellectual power in this room --
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mislim i na intelektuanu moć u ovoj prostoriji,
17:18
if we can't use it to bring slavery to an end?
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ako je ne možemo upotrijebiti da iskorijenimo ropstvo?
17:21
I think there is enough intellectual power in this room
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Vjerujem da u ovoj prostoriji ima dovoljno intelektualne moći
17:23
to bring slavery to an end.
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da iskorijenimo ropstvo.
17:25
And you know what? If we can't do that,
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I znate što? Ako to ne možemo učiniti,
17:28
if we can't use our intellectual power to end slavery,
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ako ne možemo iskoristiti svoju intelektualnu snagu da iskorijenimo ropstvo,
17:31
there is one last question:
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imam posljednje pitanje,
17:34
Are we truly free?
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jesmo li uistinu slobodni?
17:36
Okay, thank you so much.
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Hvala vam puno.
17:38
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin Bales - Anti-slavery activistKevin Bales is the co-founder of Free the Slaves, whose mission is to end all forms of human slavery within the next 25 years. He's the author of "Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves."
Why you should listen
As an author, a professor of sociology, and consultant to the United Nations Global Program on Human Trafficking, Kevin Bales is one of the world’s foremost experts on modern slavery. He has made it his mission to eradicate global slavery.
Along with traveling the world doing investigative research, authoring books, racking up human rights awards, and teaming up with Simon Pell to form a fundraising consultant firm, Pell & Bales Ltd., he established Free the Slaves, a nonprofit whose brilliant website is packed with facts and inspirations to action. With Free the Slaves, Bales has mapped out ways to spread the message and gain resources that assign governments, the UN, business, communities and individuals specific roles in the fight to end slavery. In his new book, The Slave Next Door, he explores the relationship of slavery and environmental destruction. Armed with a compelling presence and a hopeful heart, he is enticing the world to help, so that we can all one day say the words: Mission Accomplished.
Kevin Bales | Speaker | TED.com