TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
伍洁芳：本世纪最大的不公
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伍洁芳的作品《半边天》深度探索了全球女性的压抑。她的故事震撼人心。她认为要想让人类资源各尽其用，必须让发展中国家的女性在教育和经济上享有平等的权利。
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
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我今天要跟大家谈的全球性挑战
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
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很少出现在头版头条
00:21
It, however, is enormous
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但是，它影响之广，之深，
00:24
in both scale and importance.
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都不可小视。
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
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这里是TED全球论坛；
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
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相信在座各位一定去过很多地方。
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
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但我仍希望带你们去一些地方，
00:34
you've never been to before.
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那是你们一定从没有去过的
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
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我们从中国出发
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
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这张照片摄于两周前。
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
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这个骑在我丈夫肩膀上的小男孩
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
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其实刚高中毕业。
00:46
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
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这是在天安门广场。
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
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你们中很多人应该都去过那儿。但那并非真正的中国。
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
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我要带你们去看看真正的中国。
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
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这是在大别山，
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
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中国中部湖北省的偏远山区。
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
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故事开始的时候，戴曼君（音译）才13岁。
01:04
She lives with her parents,
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她和父母一起生活，
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
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还有她的两个弟弟，和她的大姨。
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
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他们所住的茅屋没有电，
01:11
no running water,
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也没有自来水，
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
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没有手表，没有自行车。
01:15
And they share this great splendor
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他们和一头很壮实的猪，
01:17
with a very large pig.
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一起住在这栋豪宅里。
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
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戴曼君读六年级时，她父母说：
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
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“我们想让你退学，
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
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学费要13块美金，对我们来说太贵了。
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
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你反正要在稻田度过一生，
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
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我们又何必在你身上浪费钱？”
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
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偏远山区的女孩子们处境都类似。
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
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事实是，
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
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戴曼君是全年级最棒的学生。
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
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每一天，她跋涉两个小时去学校，
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
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恨不得抓住每一点每一滴
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
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从门缝里渗出的知识。
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
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我写了篇关于她的文章，刊登在纽约时报上。
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
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捐款像洪水一般涌来--
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
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大部分是13美金的支票，
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
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因为纽约时报的读者们
01:57
in tiny amounts
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在小钱上特别慷慨。
01:59
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
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但是有一天，我们收到了一笔
02:04
for $10,000 --
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一万美金的转账--
02:06
really nice guy.
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真是个善良的读者。
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
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我们后来把钱给了那所学校的校长。
02:11
He was delighted.
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他很高兴。
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
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他想，“我可以翻修学校了。
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
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我还可以给那些女孩子发奖学金。”
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
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只要她们愿意继续努力读书。
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
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因此戴曼君
02:21
finished out middle school.
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完成了初中学业。
02:23
She went to high school.
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她接着读了高中。
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
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她利用假期学了会计。
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
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她在中国南部的广州省求职。
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
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她找到了工作，
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
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也为她的同学和朋友找到了工作。
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
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她寄钱回家。
02:37
They built a new house,
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他们盖了新房子，
02:39
this time with running water,
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用上了自来水，
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
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通了电，买了自行车，
02:43
no pig.
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不过没有猪了。
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
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这一切都是真实而自然地发生的。
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
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很少女孩子
02:50
in girls' education.
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能得到一笔额外的教育投资。
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
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这些年我们一直关注着戴曼君，
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
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我们欣慰地看到她走出世代的恶循环
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
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开创了自己的新生活。
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
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这远非是她一个人的改变，
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
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整个家族，整个村庄都因她而改变了。
03:05
The village became a real standout.
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这个村子后来成为了远近闻名的模范村。
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
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当然了，那段时间整个中国都是一派繁荣景象。
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
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这个村子建了一条公路，
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
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从此与外界相通。
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
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我写《半边天》的两个信条之一
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
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是从这里得到启发的。
03:21
And that is that
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这一个信条就是
03:23
the central moral challenge
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本世纪
03:25
of this century
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最大的伦理道德挑战
03:27
is gender inequity.
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是性别不公。
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
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在19世纪是奴隶制。
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
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在20世纪是极权主义。
03:34
The cause of our time
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这两点直接导致
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
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全世界这么多人因为性别
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
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而受到不公正待遇的残酷现实。
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
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你们中有些人可能在想，
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
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“天哪，这有点太夸张了。
03:45
She's exaggerating."
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她是在夸大事实。”
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
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那么请让我提出这个问题。
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
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你们中多少人认为世界上的男性比较多，或者女性比较多？
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
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我们来问卷调查吧。多少人认为世界上男性比较多？
03:55
Hands up, please.
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请举手。
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
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多少人认为世界上女性比较多？
04:00
Okay, most of you.
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好了，绝大多数。
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
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之后举手的，你们都错了。
04:04
There are, true enough,
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百分之一百的事实是，
04:06
in Europe and the West,
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在欧洲和西方国家，
04:08
when women and men
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女人和男人
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
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在饮食和医疗享有同等待遇，
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
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女性比男性多，因为女性寿命较长。
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
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然而在其他地方，事实正相反。
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
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人口统计显示，
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
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目前人口中，
04:21
and 100 million
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存在着
04:23
missing females in the current population.
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约6000万到1亿的女性人口缺口。
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
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原因有几个。
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
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比如，20世纪后50年内
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more girls were discriminated to death
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死于歧视的女孩
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than all the people killed on all the battlefields
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比整个20世纪内死于战场的人
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in the 20th century.
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还要多。
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
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还有一个原因是超声波的使用。
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Girls get aborted before they're even born
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资源的稀缺
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
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导致女孩甚至在出世前就被抛弃。
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
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比如，这个女孩，
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is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
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当时在埃塞俄比亚的一个补给中心。
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The entire center was filled with girls like her.
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整个中心都是和她一样的女童。
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
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值得注意的是，她的亲生兄弟们，
04:56
were totally fine.
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却全部安然无恙。
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
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在印度，
05:00
from zero to one,
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从零到一岁之间，
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
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男婴和女婴的存活率相同，
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
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因为都靠母乳喂养，
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
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母亲的乳房不会多爱儿子一点。
05:09
From one to five,
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从一岁到五岁，
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
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整个印度，
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
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女孩的死亡率比男孩高50%。
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
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《半边天》的第二个信条，
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
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让我们暂且不去争论道德理论和对错，
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
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在最现实的层面，
05:27
we think that
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我们认为，
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
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战胜贫困和恐怖主义的最佳途径
05:32
is to educate girls
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就是让女孩接受教育，
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
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让女人成为正式劳动力。
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
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拿贫困来说。
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
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我有三个原因。
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
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第一，人口过剩
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
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持续地导致了贫困的发生。
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
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一个接受了教育的男孩，
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
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倾向于生更少的孩子，
05:50
but only slightly.
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不过这种倾向很弱。
05:52
When you educate a girl,
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而一个接受了教育的女孩，
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
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会强烈地倾向于少要孩子。
05:57
The second reason is
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第二个原因
06:00
it has to do with spending.
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与消费有关。
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
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某种意义上，可以说是贫困的
06:04
which is that,
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肮脏的小秘密，
06:06
not only do poor people
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穷人不仅仅
06:08
take in very little income,
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收入少得可怜，
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
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而且，他们也不懂
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
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如何理智地花钱。
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
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很不幸，大部分消费都是由男人决定的。
06:18
So research has shown,
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有研究显示，
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
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那些每天消费两美金以下的人--
06:23
one metric of poverty --
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这绝对是标准的贫困人群--
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
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他们百分之二的收入
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
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用于这个篮子，教育。
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
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百分之二十进了这个篮子，
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
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酒精，烟草，含糖饮料
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
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嫖妓，和节庆。
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
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如果仅把百分之四
06:40
and put it into this basket,
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放在这个篮子里，
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
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相信会是一次质变。
06:46
The last reason has to do
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最后一个原因，
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
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女性绝非社会问题，反而是解决方案的一部分。
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
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你必须使用稀缺资源。
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
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不给戴曼君这样的孩子机会，绝对是资源浪费。
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
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比尔盖茨有段话说的很好，
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
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是关于他在沙地阿拉伯的穿越旅行。
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
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他当时面对着和你们一样的观众。
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
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不过，大概三分之二远处，有一排围栏。
07:06
On this side was men,
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围栏这一边是男人，
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
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围栏另一边是女人。
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
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然后这一边有人站起来说，
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
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“盖茨先生，我们沙地阿拉伯有个目标，
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
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就是在科技领域，
07:17
when it comes to technology.
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成为世界上最棒的10个国家之一。
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
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你认为我们能做到吗？”
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
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比尔盖茨看着这位观众，说，
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
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“如果你们不充分利用这个国家的另一半资源，
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
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前十对你们来说永远遥不可及。”
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
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这位就是阿拉伯比尔。
07:33
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
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那么具体来说
07:37
look like?
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又有哪些挑战？
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
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我认为当前最首要的
07:43
is sex trafficking.
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是非法性交易。
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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这一点我只说两件事。
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
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奴隶制的巅峰
07:50
in the 1780s:
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是在18世纪80年代。
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
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大约有8万名奴隶，
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
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从非洲被运往新大陆。
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
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今天，现代化奴隶制：
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
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美国国务院粗略统计，
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
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大约有80万人--当时数字的10倍--
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
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被非法贩卖，穿越国境。
08:10
And that does not even include those
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这甚至还不包括那些
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
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在国境内非法穿越的
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
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大量群体。
08:17
And if you look at
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如果再看看
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
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另一个要素，
08:22
a slave back then is worth
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过去一个奴隶的标价
08:24
about $40,000
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换算到今天
08:26
in today's money.
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约为4万美金。
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
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今天，你可以只花几百美金
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
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买到一个女孩，
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
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这意味着她比奴隶更不值钱。
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
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不过在柬埔寨和泰国，
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
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情况已有改进。
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
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这个世界，
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
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不该有女孩被买卖或杀害。
08:46
The second item on the agenda
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第二重要的事，
08:48
is maternal mortality.
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是母亲的死亡率。
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
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在美国，一个孩子的出世
08:54
is a wonderful event.
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是很美妙的事。
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
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而在尼日尔（非洲中西部国家），每7个妇女中
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
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就有1个死于难产。
09:02
Around the world,
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在全世界，
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
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每90秒就有一位准妈妈死于难产。
09:08
You know, it's not as though
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这并不只是
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
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技术问题，
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
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而是这些女性有三个致命弱点：
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
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贫困，闭塞，
09:18
and they are female.
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还有她们是女性。
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
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另外，每死去1名产妇，
09:23
there are 20 who survive
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有20位能幸运存活，
09:25
but end up with an injury.
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但她们多有后遗症。
09:27
And the most devastating injury
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最残忍的后遗症
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
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是阴道瘘管。
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
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这是一种难产时发生的撕伤，
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
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会导致失禁。
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
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我要告诉你们马哈布巴的故事。
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
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她住在埃塞俄比亚。
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
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她13岁时被迫结婚。
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
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她怀孕了，试图在灌木丛中生下孩子，
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
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但她的身体还那么稚嫩，
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
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她不幸发生了难产。
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
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孩子死了，她得了阴道瘘管。
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
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这意味着她会失禁。
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
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她无法控制大小便。
10:00
In a word, she stank.
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总之，她浑身发臭。
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
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村民认为她被诅咒了；他们也不知道如何对待她。
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
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所以他们把她安置在村子边缘的小草屋内。
10:08
They ripped off the door
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并且把门卸掉，
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
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好让土狼晚上进来吃她。
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
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那天晚上，草屋里只有一根棍子。
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
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她奋力用棍子赶跑了土狼。
10:19
And the next morning,
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第二天早上，
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
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她决定去邻村找外国传教士，
10:24
she would be saved.
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她知道他们会救她。
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
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因为神经受到创伤，
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
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她一路是爬过去的--30里路--
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
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她爬到的时候，已经奄奄一息。
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
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外国传教士打开门，
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
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了解了一切，
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
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带她去了亚的斯亚贝巴的一所瘘管医院，
10:41
and she was repaired
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她得到了治疗，
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
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350美金的手术。
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
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那里的医生和护士还注意到，
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
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她不仅是个幸存者，
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
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她还非常聪明，所以他们让她做了护士。
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
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现在的马哈布巴，
10:55
she is saving the lives
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每天都在拯救生命，
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
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上百上千的女人的生命。
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
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她已经成为了解决方案的一部分，而非问题。
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
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她也冲破诅咒
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
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开始了全新的生命循环。
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
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我已经谈了一些挑战，
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
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现在来说说解决办法，
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
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有可预测的解决办法。
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
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其实我已经暗示过了：教育，
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
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以及经济机会。
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
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很显然，一个接受了教育的女孩，
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
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倾向于更迟结婚，
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
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更晚生孩子，生更少的孩子，
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
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并且对于她的孩子，
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
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她会给他们提供更好的启蒙教育。
11:31
With economic opportunity,
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至于经济机会，
11:33
it can be transformative.
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改变是革命性的。
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
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我要告诉你们赛玛的故事。
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
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她住在拉合尔市外的一个小村子，在巴基斯坦。
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
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她当时悲惨到家了。
11:43
She was beaten every single day
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每一天
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
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她都被她失业的丈夫殴打。
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
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她丈夫类似赌徒，没有了工作，
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
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所以拿她出气。
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
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当她生了第二个女儿后，
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
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她婆婆对她丈夫说，
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
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“我觉得你该娶第二个妻子了。
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
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赛玛生不了儿子。”
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
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当时她刚生下二女儿。
12:05
At the time, there was
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那个时候，
12:07
a microlending group in the village
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村子里有小额贷款项目，
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
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给了她65美金的贷款。
12:12
Saima took that money,
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赛玛用这笔钱，
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
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开始做刺绣生意。
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
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商人们很喜欢她的刺绣；卖得很好，
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
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不停地向她进货。
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
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她没办法生产那么多，
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
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于是她雇佣村子里其她妇女。
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
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很快她的刺绣生意就雇佣了
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
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30个村子里的女人。
12:31
And then,
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接着，
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
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她必须把刺绣品
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
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从村子运到市场去，
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
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她需要有人帮她运输，
12:40
so she hired her husband.
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于是她雇佣了她丈夫。
12:42
So now they're in it together.
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现在他们一起干。
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
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他负责运输和送货，
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
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她负责生产和采购材料。
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
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他们又有了第三个女儿，
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
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三个女儿都接受了教育，
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
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因为赛玛知道最重要的是什么。
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
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也就是我要说的最后一点，教育。
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
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拉里•萨默斯，世界银行首席经济学家，
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
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曾说过，
13:07
that the highest return on investment
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“世界上最高回报的投资，
13:09
in the developing world
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就是发展中国家的
13:11
is in girls' education."
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女童教育。”
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
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下面这个故事有关碧翠斯 比拉.
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
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碧翠斯住在乌干达，
13:19
near the Congo border,
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刚果边界附近，
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
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和戴曼君一样，她失学了。
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
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其实她从未去过学校，
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
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一点都没有。
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
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她的父母也说，
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
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“我们为什么要在她身上花钱？
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
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她这辈子都只需要来来回回运水。”
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
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那时候她确实只是来来回回运水。
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
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在康涅狄格州有一个团体，
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
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名为“康涅狄格州奈安蒂克教会”。
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
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他们给一个
13:46
based in Arkansas
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位于阿肯色州德名为“小母牛”的
13:48
called Heifer International.
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国际慈善组织捐款。
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
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“小母牛”送了两头山羊去非洲。
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
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其中一头最后给了碧翠斯的父母。
13:56
and that goat had twins.
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那头山羊后来生了双胞胎。
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
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双胞胎小山羊开始产奶。
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
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他们卖山羊奶赚钱。
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
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钱越来越多，
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
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有一天她父母说，
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
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“既然我们有了足够的钱，就送碧翠斯去上学吧。”
14:09
So at nine years of age,
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所以在她九岁时，
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
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碧翠斯开始读小学一年级--
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
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完全从头开始--
14:15
with a six year-old.
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和一群六岁的孩子一起。
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
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尽管如此她非常高兴。
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
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她很快赶上进度并成为了最好的学生。
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
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她始终保持着第一名，
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
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小学，中学，
14:26
and then in high school,
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一直到高中，
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
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她在全国统考中考了非常棒的分数，
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
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于是她成为他们村子里，
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
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第一个拿奖学金，
14:36
on scholarship.
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来到美国的人。
14:38
Two years ago,
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两年前，
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
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她从康奈迪格学院毕业了。
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
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毕业那天，
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
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她说，“我如此幸运地活着，
14:48
because of a goat."
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多亏一头山羊。”
14:50
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
14:52
And that goat was $120.
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那头山羊价值120美金。
14:54
So you see how transformative
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你已经看到了
14:57
little bits of help can be.
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微薄的帮助如何带来巨变。
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
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但我还要给你们看看事实。
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
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美国援助，助人不易。
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
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有些书曾批评过美国援助。
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
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比如Bill Easterly的书。
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
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书名为“死亡援助”。
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
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这些批评很中肯。
15:14
it isn't easy.
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这不容易。
15:16
You know, people say how
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人们质问
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
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为何一年内，一半以上的水井项目都失败了。
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
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当我在津巴布韦时，
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
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一个村长带我们考察一个地方--
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
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他希望筹钱建造一所高中--
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
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几步远的地方在建造些什么东西，
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
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我就问，“那是什么？”
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
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他支支吾吾不回答。
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
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结果那是一个失败的灌溉工程。
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
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再几步远，是一个失败的鸡舍。
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
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一年时间，所有的鸡都死了，再没有人愿意在那里养鸡。
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
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这都是真实的，但我们认为这并非竹篮打水一场空；
15:44
you actually improve.
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你实际上一直在进步。
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
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你从错误中学习，你一直在改进。
15:49
We also think that individuals
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我们也认为个人有能力，
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
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也应该去做一些改变，
15:54
because individuals, together,
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聚沙成塔，
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
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我们一起就可以制造一场改变。
15:59
And a movement of men and women
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一场男人和女人的改变，
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
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才能带来社会变革，
16:03
change that will address
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去战胜这个
16:06
this great moral challenge.
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艰巨的道德挑战。
16:08
So then, I ask,
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我想问的是，
16:11
what's in it for you?
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你可以为此做些什么？
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
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你可以正有这个疑问：这于我何干？
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
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我只再说两点。
16:18
One is that research shows
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第一，研究显示，
16:21
that once you have
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一旦
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
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你不必再担忧你的物质需求--
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
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我相信在座的所有人都不需担忧--
16:29
research shows that
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研究说--
16:31
there are very few things in life
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还有几件事
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
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可以让你的幸福感飙升。
16:36
One of those things
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其中一个，
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
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是超越个人范围的奉献。
16:43
And the second thing,
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另一个，
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
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就是我想告诉你们的一件趣事。
16:47
And that is the story
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这是一个有关
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
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在达尔富尔的援助人员的故事。
16:52
Here was a woman
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这个女人
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
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在达尔富尔工作，
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
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她看到的，都非人类应该看到的事。
17:00
Throughout her time there,
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那段时间里，
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
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她很坚定，很坚强，
17:05
She never broke down.
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从未倒下。
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
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但当她回到美国的时候，
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
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正值圣诞假期，
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
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她坐在她祖母的后院里，
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
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她所看到的让她哭成了泪人。
17:19
What that was
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那其实
17:21
was a bird feeder.
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是一个喂鸟器。
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
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她突然意识到
17:27
to be born in a country
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她能出生在这样一个和平的国家
17:29
where we take security for granted,
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是多么幸运，
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
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在这个国家我们不仅
17:34
and house ourselves,
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自己温饱无忧，居有定所，
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
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还能在寒冬里
17:40
so they don't go hungry in the winter.
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让这些小鸟免受饥饿折磨。
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
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她突然意识到，这么大的幸运，
17:47
comes great responsibility.
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应该成为一份责任。
17:50
And so, like her,
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所以，
17:53
you, me,
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你，我，都和她一样，
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
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我们都中了生活的乐透。
17:58
And so the question becomes:
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我们要面对的问题是：
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
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我们如何兑现相应的责任？
18:03
So, here's the cause.
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一切由此开始。
18:05
Join the movement.
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加入这场改变。
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
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让自己更快乐，让世界更美好。
18:10
Thank you very much.
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谢谢各位
18:12
(Applause)
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掌声
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com