TEDGlobal 2010
Sheryl WuDunn: Our century's greatest injustice
伍潔芳(Sheryl WuDunn)：本世紀最大的不公平
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《她們，和她們的希望故事》作者(之一的)伍潔芳，書中紀錄全球女性受壓迫的故事，這些故事震撼人心。唯有提供開發中國家的女性教育以及經濟幫助的機會，我們才能充分利用人力資源。
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalist
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
As a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today
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今天我想跟各位談的全球挑戰
00:19
rarely makes the front pages.
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很少登上新聞頭條
00:21
It, however, is enormous
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這問題並非不重要，相反的，
00:24
in both scale and importance.
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它在規模上、重要性都要大的多
00:27
Look, you all are very well traveled;
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各位一定經常旅遊
00:30
this is TEDGlobal after all.
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畢竟這是TED全球論壇
00:32
But I do hope to take you to some places
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但我希望帶你們到一些
00:34
you've never been to before.
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你們從未見過的地方
00:36
So, let's start off in China.
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先從中國開始
00:38
This photo was taken two weeks ago.
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這張照片是兩週前拍的
00:41
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders
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開玩笑的，坐在我丈夫肩上的小男孩
00:44
has just graduated from high school.
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現在已經高中畢業了
00:46
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:48
But this is Tiananmen Square.
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這裡是天安門廣場
00:50
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China.
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很多人可能去過，但這不是真正的中國
00:53
Let me take you to the real China.
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讓我帶各位到真正的中國
00:55
This is in the Dabian Mountains
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這是大巴山
00:57
in the remote part of Hubei province in central China.
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中國湖北省偏遠地區
01:01
Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts.
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故事從戴滿菊13歲開始
01:04
She lives with her parents,
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她與父母親同住
01:06
her two brothers and her great-aunt.
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家中還有兩個兄弟和姑婆
01:09
They have a hut that has no electricity,
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他們住的小屋沒有電
01:11
no running water,
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沒有自來水
01:13
no wristwatch, no bicycle.
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沒有手錶、沒有腳踏車
01:15
And they share this great splendor
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家裡還有一隻豬
01:17
with a very large pig.
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與他們共賞美景
01:20
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said,
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戴滿菊六年級的時候，父母告訴她
01:23
"We're going to pull you out of school
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「我們無法讓妳上學了，」
01:25
because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us.
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「因為13元的學費我們付不起。」
01:28
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies.
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「反正妳長大後也是去稻田工作，」
01:30
Why would we waste this money on you?"
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「那為什麼還要花這筆錢呢？」
01:32
This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
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這就是偏遠地區的女孩子所面臨的
01:35
Turns out that Dai Manju was
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但，戴滿菊是全年級
01:37
the best pupil in her grade.
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成績最好的學生
01:39
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse
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她每天跋涉兩小時到學校上學
01:42
and tried to catch every little bit of information
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不放過任何學習的機會
01:45
that seeped out of the doors.
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把握她所能擁有的
01:47
We wrote about her in The New York Times.
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我們將她的故事刊上紐約時報
01:49
We got a flood of donations --
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收到了很多捐款
01:52
mostly 13-dollar checks
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大多都是13元捐款
01:55
because New York Times readers are very generous
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因為我們紐約時報的讀者對於這種小額捐款
01:57
in tiny amounts
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非常大方
01:59
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:01
but then, we got a money transfer
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後來，我們收到一筆
02:04
for $10,000 --
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一萬元捐款
02:06
really nice guy.
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很大方
02:08
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school.
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我們將這筆錢交給照片中的男子，也是校長
02:11
He was delighted.
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他開心極了
02:13
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school.
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他想：「這筆錢可以整修學校，」
02:15
I can give scholarships to all the girls,
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「可以提供獎學金給女孩子們。」
02:17
you know, if they work hard and stay in school.
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他們在學校都非常用功
02:19
So Dai Manju basically
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戴滿菊後來
02:21
finished out middle school.
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念到中學畢業
02:23
She went to high school.
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上了高中
02:25
She went to vocational school for accounting.
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她到職業學校念會計
02:27
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south.
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後來到南部的廣東省找工作
02:30
She found a job, she scouted for jobs
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她找到工作後，還幫她的同學們
02:32
for her classmates and her friends.
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留意工作機會
02:34
She sent money back to her family.
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將賺來的錢寄回家裡
02:37
They built a new house,
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他們蓋了新房子
02:39
this time with running water,
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這次有自來水
02:41
electricity, a bicycle,
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有了電、一台腳踏車
02:43
no pig.
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沒有豬了
02:45
What we saw was a natural experiment.
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這是一個自然實驗
02:48
It is rare to get an exogenous investment
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女孩子的教育，能有外界的幫助
02:50
in girls' education.
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是很少見的
02:52
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see
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這幾年，我們看到的是戴滿菊
02:55
that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle
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脫離惡性循環
02:58
and into a virtuous cycle.
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進入了良性循環
03:00
She not only changed her own dynamic,
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她不只改變了自己
03:02
she changed her household, she changed her family, her village.
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她改變她們全家的生活環境、她的村子
03:05
The village became a real standout.
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後來整個村莊都繁榮起來
03:08
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time,
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當然，當時中國正繁榮發展
03:11
but they were able to get a road built
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但他們有辦法向外建造道路
03:14
to link them up to the rest of China.
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連結到中國其他地方
03:16
And that brings me to my first major
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這是我的書《她們，和她們的希望故事》中
03:19
of two tenets of "Half the Sky."
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兩大原則之一
03:21
And that is that
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這就是
03:23
the central moral challenge
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本世紀
03:25
of this century
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最大的道德挑戰－
03:27
is gender inequity.
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性別不平等
03:29
In the 19th century, it was slavery.
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19世紀的挑戰是奴隸制度
03:31
In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism.
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21世紀的挑戰是極權主義
03:34
The cause of our time
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我們現今的挑戰
03:36
is the brutality that so many people
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就是世界上這們多人因為性別
03:38
face around the world because of their gender.
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遭受暴力的不平等對待
03:41
So some of you may be thinking,
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各位可能在想
03:43
"Gosh, that's hyperbole.
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「她講的太誇張了吧，」
03:45
She's exaggerating."
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「才沒這麼嚴重。」
03:47
Well, let me ask you this question.
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那麼我先問各位
03:49
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world?
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現在社會中，男生多還是女生多？
03:52
Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world?
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來投票好了，認為男生多的請舉手。
03:55
Hands up, please.
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謝謝
03:57
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world?
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看到一些手了，那麼，認為女生多的請舉手。
04:00
Okay, most of you.
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大部分的人
04:02
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong.
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這些人你們錯了
04:04
There are, true enough,
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事實上，
04:06
in Europe and the West,
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在歐洲、西方
04:08
when women and men
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男人和女人
04:10
have equal access to food and health care,
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擁有一樣的權利、福利
04:12
there are more women, we live longer.
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女生還活的比較久一點
04:14
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case.
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但世界其他地方，就不是如此了
04:17
In fact, demographers have shown
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事實上，人口學家統計
04:19
that there are anywhere between 60 million
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世界上約有六千萬
04:21
and 100 million
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到一億的女性
04:23
missing females in the current population.
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是處於失蹤狀態
04:26
And, you know, it happens for several reasons.
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有幾個原因
04:29
For instance, in the last half-century,
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其中一個，是上半世紀
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more girls were discriminated to death
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女性因性別歧視死亡的人數
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than all the people killed on all the battlefields
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加起來比整個20世紀，男性死於戰場的人數
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in the 20th century.
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還要多
04:39
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram.
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另一個原因，是因為超音波
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Girls get aborted before they're even born
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由於資源不夠，知道懷的是女嬰
04:44
when there are scarce resources.
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父母親就選擇墮胎
04:46
This girl here, for instance,
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照片中這女孩
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is in a feeding center in Ethiopia.
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在衣索比亞的一間餵養中心
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The entire center was filled with girls like her.
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餵養中心裡，多的是像她一樣的女孩子
04:53
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family,
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令人吃驚的是，她的哥哥
04:56
were totally fine.
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卻健康的很
04:58
In India, in the first year of life,
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在印度，嬰兒第一年
05:00
from zero to one,
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0到1歲時，
05:02
boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate
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男女的生存比率略微相同
05:05
because they depend upon the breast,
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因為他們都喝母乳
05:07
and the breast shows no son preference.
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母乳並不會偏心
05:09
From one to five,
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1到5歲時，
05:12
girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate
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女孩的死亡率，比男孩多了一半
05:15
than boys, in all of India.
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這是全印度的數據
05:18
The second tenet of "Half the Sky"
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《她們，和她們的希望故事》第二原則
05:21
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all,
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我們先將道德是非擺一邊
05:24
and just on a purely practical level,
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從實際觀點來看
05:27
we think that
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我們認為
05:29
one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism
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打擊貧窮、恐怖主義最好的方法
05:32
is to educate girls
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就是教育女孩子
05:34
and to bring women into the formal labor force.
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以及提供女性工作機會
05:37
Poverty, for instance.
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先談貧窮
05:39
There are three reasons why this is the case.
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我提出三個原因
05:41
For one, overpopulation is one of
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第一，人口過剩是
05:43
the persistent causes of poverty.
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持續平窮的原因之一
05:46
And you know, when you educate a boy,
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當你教育男孩子
05:48
his family tends to have fewer kids,
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他的家庭會有較少的子女
05:50
but only slightly.
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但只有少一點
05:52
When you educate a girl,
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當你教育女孩子
05:54
she tends to have significantly fewer kids.
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她減少生育的數量大的多
05:57
The second reason is
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第二個原因
06:00
it has to do with spending.
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與花費有關
06:02
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty,
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這算是貧窮的一個小祕密
06:04
which is that,
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就是
06:06
not only do poor people
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貧窮的人
06:08
take in very little income,
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不止收入少
06:10
but also, the income that they take in,
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他們的收入
06:12
they don't spend it very wisely,
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還不會好好利用
06:15
and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men.
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因為，負責花錢的是男性
06:18
So research has shown,
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研究顯示
06:20
if you look at people who live under two dollars a day --
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觀察那些一天花不到2元的人
06:23
one metric of poverty --
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他們的花費都一樣
06:25
two percent of that take-home pay
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收入的2%
06:27
goes to this basket here, in education.
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是教育
06:30
20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of
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20%的花費是
06:33
alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks --
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買酒、菸、飲料、
06:35
and prostitution and festivals.
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和妓女
06:38
If you just take four percentage points
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其實這20%裡，
06:40
and put it into this basket,
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只要將4%分到教育
06:42
you would have a transformative effect.
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就能有轉變作用
06:46
The last reason has to do
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最後一個理由就是
06:48
with women being part of the solution, not the problem.
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女人是解決辦法，不是麻煩
06:51
You need to use scarce resources.
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必須學會利用有限資源
06:53
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju.
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不用戴滿菊這樣的女孩子，就是浪費資源
06:56
Bill Gates put it very well
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比爾蓋茲說的很好
06:58
when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia.
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他當時到沙烏地阿拉伯旅遊
07:00
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves.
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當時有場類似現在這樣的演講
07:03
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier.
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然而，場地三分之二有個隔閡
07:06
On this side was men,
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這邊坐男人
07:08
and then the barrier, and this side was women.
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另一邊作女人
07:10
And someone from this side of the room got up and said,
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其中一位觀眾問比爾
07:12
"Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia
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「蓋茲先生，我們沙烏地阿拉伯有個目標」
07:15
to be one of the top 10 countries
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「就是想在科技領域」
07:17
when it comes to technology.
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「名列世界前十名」
07:19
Do you think we'll make it?"
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「你覺得我們有能力嗎？」
07:21
So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said,
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比爾蓋茲就掃了一下觀眾，說
07:24
"If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country,
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「如果你們不善用國家全部的資源，」
07:27
there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10."
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「那麼你們的離目標還差的遠。」
07:30
So here is Bill of Arabia.
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這是阿拉伯比爾
07:33
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:35
So what would some of the specific challenges
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那麼真正的挑戰到底
07:37
look like?
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是什麼？
07:40
I would say, on the top of the agenda
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我認為，最嚴重的就是
07:43
is sex trafficking.
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色情人口販賣
07:45
And I'll just say two things about this.
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關於這點，我提兩件事就好
07:47
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade
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奴隸販賣在1780年代
07:50
in the 1780s:
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最為盛行
07:53
there were about 80,000 slaves
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當時約有八萬名奴隸
07:55
transported from Africa to the New World.
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從非洲被賣到美洲
07:58
Now, modern slavery:
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現在的奴隸
08:01
according to State Department rough statistics,
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根據國務院初步統計資料，
08:04
there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number --
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有80萬人，當時十倍的數量
08:07
that are trafficked across international borders.
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在國際間販賣
08:10
And that does not even include those
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這數字還不包括
08:12
that are trafficked within country borders,
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那些國內販賣人口
08:14
which is a substantial portion.
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也是蠻驚人的數字
08:17
And if you look at
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當你看
08:19
another factor, another contrast,
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其他因素、其他對比
08:22
a slave back then is worth
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以前一個奴隸
08:24
about $40,000
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約值現在的幣值
08:26
in today's money.
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4萬元左右
08:28
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked
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今天，你買一個女生
08:31
for a few hundred dollars,
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只要幾百塊
08:33
which means she's actually more disposable.
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她根本毫無價值可言
08:36
But you know, there is progress being made
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但是，在柬埔寨和泰國
08:39
in places like Cambodia and Thailand.
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已經有些行動了
08:41
We don't have to expect a world
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我們再也不必看到
08:43
where girls are bought and sold or killed.
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女孩子們被買賣、殺害
08:46
The second item on the agenda
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我要談的第二點，
08:48
is maternal mortality.
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就是婦女難產死亡率
08:51
You know, childbirth in this part of the world
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西方世界，孩子的出生
08:54
is a wonderful event.
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是多美妙的一件事
08:56
In Niger, one in seven women
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但在尼日，七個懷孕婦女
08:59
can expect to die during childbirth.
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有一個死於難產
09:02
Around the world,
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全世界，
09:04
one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth.
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每一分半鐘，一位母親死於難產
09:08
You know, it's not as though
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我們並不是沒有
09:10
we don't have the technological solution,
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實際的解決方法
09:13
but these women have three strikes against them:
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而是這些母親們，被三振出局
09:16
they are poor, they are rural
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她們窮、她們住的偏遠、
09:18
and they are female.
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她們是女性
09:21
You know, for every woman who does die,
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一個死亡的難產婦女
09:23
there are 20 who survive
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就有另外20個
09:25
but end up with an injury.
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嚴重受傷
09:27
And the most devastating injury
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最嚴重的就是
09:29
is obstetric fistula.
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生殖瘻管受傷
09:31
It's a tearing during obstructed labor
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這是阻礙性分娩時，
09:33
that leaves a woman incontinent.
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產生的撕裂傷，導致的大小便失禁
09:36
Let me tell you about Mahabuba.
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分享Mahabuba的故事
09:38
She lives in Ethiopia.
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她住在衣索比亞
09:40
She was married against her will at age 13.
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13歲時被迫結婚
09:43
She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby,
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後來懷孕，孩子是在草叢裡出生的
09:46
but you know, her body was very immature,
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但她的身體尚未成熟
09:49
and she ended up having obstructed labor.
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所以生產時寶寶的頭太大，無法通過產道
09:52
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula.
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後來嬰兒死了，她的生殖瘻管受傷
09:55
So that meant she was incontinent;
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大小便失禁
09:57
she couldn't control her wastes.
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她無法控制排泄
10:00
In a word, she stank.
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全身發臭
10:02
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her.
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村民都以為他被詛咒了，不知如何是好
10:05
So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut.
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後來他們把她丟到村莊外圍的小屋
10:08
They ripped off the door
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把門拆掉
10:10
so that the hyenas would get her at night.
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晚上放鬣狗咬她
10:13
That night, there was a stick in the hut.
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那晚，屋內正好有根棍子
10:16
She fought off the hyenas with that stick.
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她用棍子抵抗
10:19
And the next morning,
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隔天早上
10:21
she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary,
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她知道她如果到附近村莊，找外國傳教士
10:24
she would be saved.
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她就能獲救
10:26
Because she had some damage to her nerves,
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因為她有神經損傷
10:28
she crawled all the way -- 30 miles --
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她用爬的，爬了30哩
10:31
to that doorstep, half dead.
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到傳教士門前時，都半死了
10:34
The foreign missionary opened the door,
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傳教士一開門
10:36
knew exactly what had happened,
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就知道發生了什麼事
10:38
took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa,
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帶她到首都的一間診所
10:41
and she was repaired
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接受手術
10:43
with a 350-dollar operation.
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一個350元的手術
10:46
The doctors and nurses there noticed
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那裡的醫生護士發現
10:48
that she was not only a survivor,
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她不止是個生存者
10:50
she was really clever, and they made her a nurse.
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她還很聰明，他們讓她當護士
10:53
So now, Mahabuba,
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所以Mahabuba現在
10:55
she is saving the lives
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也幫助拯救
10:57
of hundreds, thousands, of women.
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成千上萬女人們的生命
10:59
She has become part of the solution, not the problem.
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她變成解決方式，而非問題
11:01
She's moved out of a vicious cycle
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她脫離了惡性循環
11:03
and into a virtuous cycle.
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進入良性循環
11:05
I've talked about some of the challenges,
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我剛剛都講挑戰
11:08
let me talk about some of the solutions,
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現在來談解決方式
11:10
and there are predictable solutions.
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其實很明顯
11:13
I've hinted at them: education
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我剛剛有提示了，就是教育
11:15
and also economic opportunity.
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和經濟機會
11:18
So of course, when you educate a girl,
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當你教育一個女孩子
11:21
she tends to get married later on in life,
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她後來結婚
11:24
she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids,
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然後生子，生育數量會減少
11:27
and those kids that she does have,
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生下來的那些孩子們
11:29
she educates them in a more enlightened fashion.
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她會以開明的方式教導他們
11:31
With economic opportunity,
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有了經濟機會
11:33
it can be transformative.
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就能有很大的轉變
11:35
Let me tell you about Saima.
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我想分享Saima的故事
11:37
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan.
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她住在拉合爾(巴基斯坦城市)的一個小村莊
11:41
And at the time, she was miserable.
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她當時過的很慘
11:43
She was beaten every single day
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每天都被她那
11:45
by her husband, who was unemployed.
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失業的丈夫毆打
11:47
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore --
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他會賭博、又沒工作
11:50
and took his frustrations out on her.
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所以將氣都出在她身上
11:52
Well, when she had her second daughter,
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當她生下第二個女兒
11:54
her mother in-law told her son,
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她岳母告訴她丈夫
11:57
"I think you'd better get a second wife.
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「你再取個妻子吧，」
11:59
Saima's not going to produce you a son."
289
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「Saima不能替你生兒子。」
12:03
This is when she had her second daughter.
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她那時候剛產下第二個女兒
12:05
At the time, there was
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當時有一個
12:07
a microlending group in the village
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專做小額貸款的組織到村裡
12:09
that gave her a 65-dollar loan.
293
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3000
讓她貸款了65美元
12:12
Saima took that money,
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她利用這筆錢
12:15
and she started an embroidery business.
295
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3000
開始了刺繡生意
12:18
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well,
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商人都很喜歡她的作品，賣的很好
12:20
and they kept asking for more.
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他們希望她多做點來賣
12:22
And when she couldn't produce enough,
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所以她人手不夠
12:24
she hired other women in the village.
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雇用了村莊其他婦女
12:26
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village
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731000
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不久，村子裡有30名婦女
12:29
working for her embroidery business.
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都變成她的員工
12:31
And then,
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後來
12:33
when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods
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她還得將刺繡品運到
12:36
from the village to the marketplace,
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附近村莊的市場賣
12:38
she needed someone to help her do the transport,
305
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2000
她需要人手幫她運貨
12:40
so she hired her husband.
306
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2000
所以她雇了她丈夫
12:42
So now they're in it together.
307
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這對夫妻便一起工作
12:44
He does the transportation and distribution,
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2000
他負責運送、分裝
12:46
and she does the production and sourcing.
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她則負責製作、外包
12:48
And now they have a third daughter,
310
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後來生了第三個女兒
12:51
and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education
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三個女兒都接受良好教育
12:54
because Saima knows what's really important.
312
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因為Saima知道教育很重要
12:57
Which brings me to the final element, which is education.
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所以最後一點，就是教育
13:01
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank,
314
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Larry Summers還在世界銀行的時候
13:04
once said that, "It may well be
315
769000
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曾說：「投資開發中國家」
13:07
that the highest return on investment
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「女孩子的教育，」
13:09
in the developing world
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「所能獲得的報酬」
13:11
is in girls' education."
318
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「是最高的。」
13:14
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira.
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讓我告訴你們Beatrice Biira的故事
13:16
Beatrice was living in Uganda
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Beatrice住在烏干達和
13:19
near the Congo border,
321
784000
2000
剛果邊境的地方
13:21
and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school.
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2000
和戴滿菊一樣，
13:23
Actually, she had never been to school,
323
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她從沒有上過學
13:26
not to a lick, one day.
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連一天都沒有過
13:28
Her parents, again, said,
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她父母，一樣的認為
13:30
"Why should we spend the money on her?
326
795000
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「為什麼錢要花在她身上？」
13:32
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth."
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「反正她長大也是一輩子挑水。」
13:35
Well, it just so happens, at that time,
328
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很巧的是，當時
13:38
there was a group in Connecticut
329
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康乃狄克有個機構
13:41
called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut.
330
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Niantic社區教堂組織
13:44
They made a donation to an organization
331
809000
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他們捐款給阿肯色州
13:46
based in Arkansas
332
811000
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的一個機構
13:48
called Heifer International.
333
813000
2000
海菲國際組織
13:50
Heifer sent two goats to Africa.
334
815000
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這組織送了兩隻羊到非洲
13:53
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents,
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其中一隻分到了Beatrice家
13:56
and that goat had twins.
336
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那隻羊生了雙胞胎
13:58
The twins started producing milk.
337
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然後還是產羊奶
14:00
They sold the milk for cash.
338
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他們買羊奶賺了點錢
14:02
The cash started accumulating,
339
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錢開始累積
14:04
and pretty soon the parents said,
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不久後她父母就說：
14:06
"You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school."
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「我們有足夠的錢，讓Beatrice念書」
14:09
So at nine years of age,
342
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所以九歲的她
14:11
Beatrice started in first grade --
343
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2000
開始念一年級
14:13
after all, she'd never been to a lick of school --
344
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因為她從沒上過學
14:15
with a six year-old.
345
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所以和六歲的孩子同班
14:17
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school.
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但她不在意，非常珍惜這個機會
14:19
She rocketed to the top of her class.
347
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她一下衝到第一名
14:21
She stayed at the top of her class
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並保持好成績
14:24
through elementary school, middle school,
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一直到小學畢業、中學、
14:26
and then in high school,
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高中畢業後，
14:28
she scored brilliantly on the national examinations
351
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3000
因為優秀的全國測驗成績
14:31
so that she became the first person in her village,
352
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3000
她變成她村裡第一位
14:34
ever, to come to the United States
353
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2000
拿獎學金到美國
14:36
on scholarship.
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2000
唸書的人
14:38
Two years ago,
355
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2000
兩年前
14:40
she graduated from Connecticut College.
356
865000
3000
她從康乃狄克學院畢業
14:43
On the day of her graduation,
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2000
畢業那天，她說：
14:45
she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive
358
870000
3000
「我是這世界上，只因為一隻羊」
14:48
because of a goat."
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「而出運的女孩。」
14:50
(Laughter)
360
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2000
(笑聲)
14:52
And that goat was $120.
361
877000
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那隻羊只要120美元
14:54
So you see how transformative
362
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所以你看到一點小忙
14:57
little bits of help can be.
363
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有多大的轉變力
14:59
But I want to give you a reality check.
364
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但我也必須讓各位認清事實
15:02
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy,
365
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3000
美國援助並不簡單
15:05
and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid.
366
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3000
有些書也公開批評美國援助
15:08
There's Bill Easterly's book.
367
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像是比爾伊斯特的
15:10
There's a book called "Dead Aid."
368
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《致命援助》這本書
15:12
You know, the criticism is fair;
369
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這些批評是公平的
15:14
it isn't easy.
370
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援助並不簡單
15:16
You know, people say how
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901000
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他們說那些水井計劃
15:18
half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed.
372
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一年後都失敗了
15:20
When I was in Zimbabwe,
373
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當我在辛巴威時
15:22
we were touring a place with the village chief --
374
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村長帶著我們參觀一個地方
15:24
he wanted to raise money for a secondary school --
375
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3000
他募款，在這地方蓋所中學
15:27
and there was some construction a few yards away,
376
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2000
那邊已經有蓋一些東西了
15:29
and I said, "What's that?"
377
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2000
我就問：「那是什麼？」
15:31
He sort of mumbled.
378
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2000
他就低聲說了一些話
15:33
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project.
379
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2000
原來是失敗的灌溉計畫
15:35
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop.
380
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3000
幾碼外還有失敗的雞舍
15:38
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there.
381
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因為有一年，裡面的雞全死了，沒人敢在那養雞
15:41
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater;
382
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但是，我們都了解，別因為失敗就將一切放棄
15:44
you actually improve.
383
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這樣才能進步
15:46
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
384
931000
3000
從錯誤中學習，變成持續進步
15:49
We also think that individuals
385
934000
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我們也知道
15:51
can make a difference, and they should,
386
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每個人都盡一己之力，
15:54
because individuals, together,
387
939000
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是可以做出改變的
15:56
we can all help create a movement.
388
941000
3000
我們可以創造一股運動
15:59
And a movement of men and women
389
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男人與女人的運動
16:01
is what's needed to bring about social change,
390
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這是社會改變的開始
16:03
change that will address
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有了這個開始
16:06
this great moral challenge.
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我們更能面對道德挑戰
16:08
So then, I ask,
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問題是，
16:11
what's in it for you?
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這麼做有什麼好處？
16:13
You're probably asking that. Why should you care?
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你可能會問，為什麼要關心他們？
16:16
I will just leave you with two things.
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我提兩件事讓各位想想
16:18
One is that research shows
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第一，研究顯示，
16:21
that once you have
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當你已經擁有
16:23
all of your material needs taken care of --
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一切生活所需－
16:26
which most of us, all of us, here in this room do --
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就像這裡的每個人
16:29
research shows that
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研究顯示，
16:31
there are very few things in life
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你生命中已經沒有
16:33
that can actually elevate your level of happiness.
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其他東西能提昇你的快樂指數
16:36
One of those things
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唯有
16:38
is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
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奉獻給比你還要龐大的事物
16:43
And the second thing,
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第二件事
16:45
it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with.
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是一個小故事
16:47
And that is the story
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故事是關於
16:49
of an aid worker in Darfur.
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達佛(蘇丹)的一個援助人員
16:52
Here was a woman
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這位女子
16:54
who had worked in Darfur,
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在達佛工作期間
16:56
seeing things that no human being should see.
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看遍所有不人道的事情
17:00
Throughout her time there,
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她在達佛的時候
17:02
she was strong, she was steadfast.
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堅強、堅定
17:05
She never broke down.
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從未崩潰
17:08
And then she came back to the United States
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後來她回到美國
17:10
and was on break, Christmas break.
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在耶誕假期間
17:12
She was in her grandmother's backyard,
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她在她祖母的後院
17:15
and she saw something that made her break down in tears.
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她看到某個東西，讓她當場潰堤
17:19
What that was
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她看到的是
17:21
was a bird feeder.
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野鳥餵食器
17:24
And she realized that she had the great fortune
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他感到非常幸運
17:27
to be born in a country
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能出生在這個
17:29
where we take security for granted,
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我們將一切視為理所當然的國家
17:32
where we not only can feed, clothe
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我們不但吃的飽、穿的暖、
17:34
and house ourselves,
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住的好、
17:37
but also provide for wild birds
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還有辦法照顧野生鳥兒
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so they don't go hungry in the winter.
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讓它們冬天不會餓死
17:44
And she realized that with that great fortune
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她立刻明白，人越幸運
17:47
comes great responsibility.
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越多責任
17:50
And so, like her,
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像她一樣，
17:53
you, me,
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你、我
17:55
we have all won the lottery of life.
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我們都非常幸運
17:58
And so the question becomes:
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那問題就是
18:00
how do we discharge that responsibility?
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那我們要負什麼責任呢？
18:03
So, here's the cause.
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我給了大家理由
18:05
Join the movement.
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加入這行列
18:07
Feel happier and help save the world.
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快樂的同時，也拯救世界
18:10
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
18:12
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl WuDunn - Author, journalistAs a journalist reporting on China, Sheryl WuDunn saw the everyday oppression of women around the world. She and Nick Kristof wrote "Half the Sky," chronicling women's stories of horror and, especially, hope.
Why you should listen
Sheryl WuDunn and her husband, Nick Kristof, won a Pulitzer for their New York Times coverage of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Their joint reporting work in China and other developing nations convinced them both that, just as slavery was the moral issue of the 19th century, sex trafficking, gender-based violence and other abuses make women's rights the moral issue of the 21st.
In their book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, WuDunn and Kristof make the case for empowering women as a means of development. Women tend to spend more on education, nutrition and business, the economic engines of growth in a community. And if we can find ways to develop the untapped potential of the millions of women who are now left uneducated, denied basic rights, oppressed and threatened -- we'll turn on a firehose of economic power that could transform the developing world.
Sheryl WuDunn | Speaker | TED.com